## The Project Gutenberg eBook of Roses: or, a Monograph of the Genus Rosa

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Roses: or, a Monograph of the Genus Rosa

Author: active 1799-1828 Henry Cranke Andrews

Release date: September 11, 2021 [eBook #66266]
Most recently updated: October 18, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images available at The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROSES: OR, A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ROSA ***

## CONTENTS

ROSA muscosa, Provincialis. ROSA muscosa, alba. ROSA muscosa, variegata. ROSA Provincialis. ROSA Provincialis, alba. ROSA parviflora, Provincialis. ROSA Eglanteria, Var. flore pleno. ROSA Gallica, officinalis. ROSA Provincialis, multiplex. ROSA moschata. ROSA moschata, Var. flore pleno. ROSA indica. ROSA Belgica, blanda. ROSA menstrua, Var. flore racemoso. ROSA racemosa. ROSA Provincialis, blanda. ROSA Gallica variegata; vel Rosa Mundi. ROSA Gallica; Var. flore marmoreo. ROSA Provincialis, semi-duplex. ROSA nana, minor. ROSA nana, minor; Var. æqualiflora. ROSA Carolina, pimpinellæfolia. ROSA Pennsylvanica. ROSA parvifolia. ROSA spinosissima. ROSA spinosissima; Var. flore marmoreo. ROSA nana, minima. ROSA semperflorens. ROSA muscosa Provincialis; Var. flore pallido. ROSA Bella Donna. | ROSA Bella Donna; Var. flore minore. ROSA inermis. ROSA lucida. ROSA canina; Var. flore pleno. ROSA canina, variegata. ROSA Portlandia. ROSA Pennsylvanica; Var. flore pleno. ROSA alba, semi-duplex. ROSA spinosissima, rubra; Var. flore pleno. ROSA Indica rubra. ROSA Indica, minor. ROSA Provincialis; Var. flore pleno. Rosa Provincialis, nana. ROSA alba. ROSA Caroliniana; Var. flore pleno. ROSA semperflorens, simplex. ROSA multiflora. ROSA sulphurea. ROSA Cinnamomea, multiplex. ROSA Provincialis regalis. ROSA sempervirens. ROSA Eglanteria Americana. ROSA blanda. ROSA centifolia, holosericea. ROSA Eglanteria, major. ROSA Eglanteria, multiplex. ROSA gracilis. ROSA ferox. ROSA glabra. ROSA lurida.

{1}

# ROSES:

OR
A M O N O G R A P H
OF
T H E G E N U S R O S A:
CONTAINING
COLOURED FIGURES
OF
ALL THE KNOWN SPECIES AND BEAUTIFUL VARIETIES
DRAWN, ENGRAVED, DESCRIBED, AND COLOURED,
from the Living Plants.

By H. C. A N D R E W S,
AUTHOR OF
THE BOTANIST’S REPOSITORY, COLOURED ENGRAVINGS OF HEATHS, ETC.

Hail, lovely Rose, of flowers the blushing queen!
Burst, burst, ye numerous Nondescripts, with spleen!
Ye wondrous Nothings, from a foreign soil
Brought with such labour, care, and anxious toil,—
Say, can your utmost charms, combined, disclose
Beauty and fragrance equal to the Rose?

London:
printed by R. TAYLOR and Co., 38, shoe lane;
AND
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 5, KNIGHTSBRIDGE.
{2}

## INTRODUCTION.

THE Rose, for matchless beauty famed, (although by botanists so disregarded) has been the Painter’s study and the Poet’s theme, for ages past, and will no doubt for ages yet to come; long after many a curious Nondescript shall in a dusty hortus siccus sleep, unnoticed and unknown.

The intention of the author in the delineation of this unrivalled tribe, is to arrange as accurately as possible the numerous beautiful varieties, with their species—an arduous task, considering the neglect they have experienced, and the wild and indiscriminate manner in which they have been profusely mixed. This, aided by an heterogeneous mode of culture, has produced many varieties, the lineal descent of which is very difficult to ascertain.

The extent of the genus has been most vaguely estimated; by some enumerated at two hundred and forty; an estimate that must certainly include many very slight varieties, which, if allowed, might swell the genus to ten times its real extent. But we think a rational computation would confine them within a hundred, including every distinct variety. The author’s intention is to figure only those to which a separate character can be affixed, regarding a superfluous repetition, even of beauty, inadmissible. As the merits of the present undertaking may easily be appreciated by a free access to all its beautiful originals, the author hopes a candid allowance will be made, upon a comparison with the living plant, when it is considered that the most elaborate efforts {3}of art have never yet been able to do justice to its superior beauty.

## ROSA muscosa, Provincialis.
Moss Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus ovatis; calycibus et pedunculis muscosis; petiolis ramulisque hispidis et glanduloso-viscosis; spinis ramorum numerosis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with egg-shaped seed-buds; empalements and peduncles mossy; petioles and younger branches hispid, and glandulously viscous; spines of the branches numerous, and straight.

The origin of this beautiful Rose, has ever been considered as enveloped in obscurity; but we have no hesitation in assigning it to the Province, to which it assimilates in every particular,—with the addition of a rich luxuriant moss, that gives it a decided superiority, and at the same time a specific distinction. In proof of our opinion, we have recently seen both the Moss and Province Rose at one time, in high perfection, on the same plant; and to remove all doubt, the plant was dug up, to show that it was but one individual root. We have since seen three more plants of the same description. Two of them had been propagated by layers from the mossy shoots. The major part of them returned to their origin, the Province. In the examination of a number of Moss Roses, we have perceived a considerable difference in the quantity of moss attached to them,—in many instances so slight, as evidently to proclaim their original. There can be little if any doubt, that this beautiful variety is the spontaneous effusion of Nature in this country, of which we shall ever regard it as indigenous, since we have never heard of any importations of this species, but of frequent exportations. The most luxuriant specimens of this plant are the dwarf growth in the open ground, from which our figure was taken.{4}

{5}

## ROSA muscosa, alba.
White Moss Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus ovatis; calycibus, pedunculis, et petiolis glanduloso-viscosis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, ad margines glandulis viscosis; spinis ramorum numerosis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with egg-shaped seed-buds; empalement, peduncles, and petioles, glandulously viscous; leaflets of an oval shape, villose beneath, with small viscous glands on their edges; spines of the branches numerous, and straight.

To the industry of Mr. Shailler, Nurseryman, of Little Chelsea, we are indebted for this delicate new Moss Rose; an acknowledged production between the Moss and White Province, or Rose Unique, and which is certainly a valuable addition to this lovely tribe. It evidently bears the compound characters of both plants, with a foliage very distinct from either of them; yet it cannot be deemed perfectly a white flower, since a delicate pale blush pervades the centre of the blossom: this, however, we regard as no diminution of its beauty, and probably not a permanent character, but owing to a tender habit, which time and culture may remove, when it becomes more abundant.

At present it is a very scarce Rose, and requires a sheltered situation. The soil in which most Roses thrive best is a light, sandy soil. Some grow very luxuriant in a stony or gravelly situation. This succeeds better with a considerable portion of rich bog earth.{6}

{7}

## ROSA muscosa, variegata.
Striped Moss Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus ovatis; calycibus, pedunculis, et petiolis glanduloso-viscosis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, marginibus glandulosis; spinis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with egg-shaped seed-buds; empalements, peduncles, and petioles glandulously viscous; leaflets egg-shaped, softly haired beneath, with glandular margins; spines of the branches scattered, and straight.

This charming Striped Variety is another acquisition to the Mossy tribe, and, we think, of equal value with the White; and though very distinct in its character from that plant, it yet betrays a powerful affinity in many particulars, so as to leave but little doubt of its origin being nearly the same. In flower it approaches nearest to the York and Lancaster Rose, which in size and colour it much resembles.

This is likewise the production of Mr. Shailler, who propagated it at the same time as the White variety, and is equally scarce; principally owing to its being treated with too little care before it was sufficiently established. We have no doubt, however, that in time it will be equally as hardy as any other.{8}

{9}

## ROSA Provincialis.
Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus subrotundis; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis et glandulosis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis, sub-reflexis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis; serratulis glandulosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with roundish seed-buds; peduncles and petioles hispid and glandular. The prickles of the branches are scattered, straight, and slightly bent back. The leaflets are villous beneath, with glandulose serratures.

The species of Rose denominated Province, a native of Spain and Italy, is by far the most extended. The varieties are so numerous, that they apparently comprise one third of the genus. Our present figure represents the Single Province, a very scarce rose; and as the incipient ground of so many beautiful varieties, we regard it as peculiarly valuable. It is a singular circumstance, that from Spain and Italy, where the Province is supposed to be indigenous, and thence imported to us, we should never have heard of the Single Province, much less received the plant; which we can in no way account for, unless the superior beauty of the Common Province, joined to its great abundance, may have rendered the idea of importing those with single flowers superfluous.

Our figure was taken from the only plant we have ever seen, at the nursery of Mr. Shailer, of Little Chelsea.{10}

{11}

## ROSA Provincialis, alba.
White Province, or Rose Unique.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus subrotundis; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis et glandulosis; caule et ramis aculeatis, sparsis, rectis, sub-reflexis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, marginibus glandulosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with seed-buds nearly round; peduncles and petioles hispid and glandular: the stem and branches are prickly, scattered, straight, and slightly bent back: the leaflets are villous beneath, with slightly glandular margins.

Among the recent additions to this genus, the White Province, or Rose Unique, is indisputably the most valuable. Its introduction in 1777 was entirely accidental, through the medium of the late Mr. Grimwood, nurseryman, a great admirer and collector of roses, who, in an excursion which he usually made every summer, in passing the front garden of Mr. Richmond, a baker near Needham in Suffolk, there perceived the present charming plant, where it had been placed by a carpenter who found it near a hedge on the contiguous premises of a Dutch merchant, whose old mansion he was repairing. Mr. Grimwood, requesting a little cutting of it, received from Mr. Richmond the whole plant; when Mr. G., in return for a plant so valuable, presented him with an elegant silver cup with the Rose engraved upon it; and which in commemoration has furnished food for many a convivial hour. It is of a dwarf growth, and remains in flower near six weeks longer than the other Province Roses; which renders it still the more estimable. We wish it had been in our power to have accounted for its having been till so lately a stranger to us, and whence indigenous; but at present our information is entirely confined to the knowledge of its casual introduction; and until some further light is thrown upon the subject, to elucidate its genealogy, we shall regard it as a native.

Our drawing was taken from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Colville, King’s Road.{12}

{13}

## ROSA parviflora, Provincialis.
Small-flowered Province or Blandford Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa parviflora, germinibus sub-globosis; pedunculis glandulosis; caule et petiolis aculeatis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis, sub-reflexis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, marginibus glandulosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with small flowers, and nearly round seed-buds: the footstalks are glandular; the stem and petioles prickly; the spines of the branches are scattered, straight, and slightly reflexed; the leaflets egg-shaped, villous or hairy beneath, with glandular margins.

The Kingston, or Blandford Rose as it is most generally called, was introduced by Mr. Kingston, nurseryman at Blandford near Dorset, in the year 1791. In its character it has every thing in common with the Province Rose, with a specifically distinct small flower (whence our name); which contrasted with the largeness of its leaves, gives a singularity to its appearance. In its blossom it approaches nearest to the Roses of Burgundy and de Meaux; in shape like the former, but in colour more resembling the latter: but no affinity whatever to the leaves of either. It is certainly a very desirable Rose, as the number of those with very small flowers is very circumscribed, and therefore renders every addition particularly valuable. Like most of the Roses, it continues to bloom during the months of June, July, and August, and makes a handsome bushy appearance.

Our drawing was made from a fine plant in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{14}

{15}

## ROSA Eglanteria, Var. flore pleno.
Double Sweet Briar or Eglantine Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, foliis odoratis; germinibus ovatis, pedunculisque hispidis; caule et petiolis aculeatis; aculeis magnis, recurvis; foliolis ovatis, subtus rubiginosis, glanduloso-pilosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with sweet-scented leaves and egg-shaped seed-buds; peduncles hispid; stem and petioles prickly; prickles large and recurved; the leaflets are ovate, rusty beneath, and glandulosely hairy.

This fine semi-double variety of the Sweet Briar is an acquisition highly esteemed; and so we think will be every addition to this charming species, whose leaves diffuse such aromatic fragrance. In its semi-double flowers only, it is particularly distinct from the Single, and certainly makes a much handsomer appearance. Its flowers are gracefully crowded together, but rarely more than two flowers expand at one time; but the succession of buds approaching maturity gives it a very picturesque appearance. We observed but a slight proportion of the rusty character so powerfully attached to the wild species. Its fruit, when ripening, acquires a beautiful orange red, which is an addition to the plant when out of bloom. There is a paler-coloured variety of this plant, of stouter growth, but which we have not as yet examined with sufficient accuracy, to ascertain whether it is distinct enough to require a separate figure.

Our drawing was made from a fine plant in the nursery of Messrs. Loddige, Hackney.{16}

{17}

## ROSA Gallica, officinalis.
Officinal or French Red Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis; floribus magnis, rubris, stypticis, pedunculisque hispidis; caule petiolisque hispido-aculeatis; foliolis sub-ovatis, subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with globular seed-buds; the flowers are large, red, and astringent; peduncles hispid; the stem and petioles hispidly prickly; the leaflets are nearly egg-shaped, and villous beneath.

This large grand Rose is both useful as well as ornamental. The flowers are used in medicine (whence its term officinal) in preference to many other restoratives. By the Arabian physicians they were in great estimation for their mild astringent and corroborant virtues, most particularly in phthisical cases. The flowers cannot be too quickly dried, as slowly drying of them impairs both their colour and quality. They are prepared as a conserve, by an infusion of honey. The bloom is but of short duration, but the succession is rapid. It is of a semi-double character, and of a fine red colour; from three to four feet high, and very bushy. It is in great perfection during the months of June, July, and August, and is extremely beautiful. Its foliage is rather rough and coarse, and when out of bloom in the autumn it is very subject to mildew.

Our drawing was made from the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{18}

{19}

## ROSA Provincialis, multiplex.
Double or Cabbage Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, multiplex, germinibus sub-globosis; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis et glandulosis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis, sub-reflexis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, marginibus glandulosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with many folds, and nearly round seed-buds; the peduncles and petioles are hispid and glandular; the prickles of the branches are scattered, straight, and slightly reflexed; leaflets egg-shaped, villous beneath, with glandular margins.

This variety of the Common Province is the most fragrant of all the Roses, and therefore particularly desirable; for, although it cannot be ranked among the rare, it is nevertheless one of the most beautiful. Its sweetness, joined to the abundance of its blossoms, has rendered it an object of culture, for the purpose of distillation; as it yields a much greater quantity of scented water than any other rose. It is generally denominated the Cabbage Province, from the extreme complexity of its petals, which sometimes adhere so closely together, as to prevent entirely their expansion without bursting:—a circumstance that frequently occurs in the vegetable from which its specific distinction is derived, and which we regard to be unequivocally good, as we should every similitude of equally easy reference. By the closeness and superabundance of its petals only, is it distinguished from the Common Province, of which it is certainly an interesting variety.{20}

{21}

## ROSA moschata.
Musk Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, paniculis multifloris, redolens quasi moschum; germinibus ovatis; pedunculisque villosis; petiolis aculeatis; foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, glabris; spinis ramorum majoribus, sparsis, rectisque.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with many-flowered panicles, scented like musk; seed-bud egg-shaped; peduncles villose; petioles prickly; the leaflets are oblong, acuminated, and smooth; the spines of the branches are large, scattered, and straight.

As a perfectly distinct species, the present figure is well deserving of notice. Its flowers are numerous, of a soft creamy white, and which are supposed to emit an odour resembling the perfume called musk. A specific name thus derived, we should not hold in much estimation were the plant ever so deficient in descriptive character; but as the reverse is obvious in the present instance, it is still the more objectionable. Were it, therefore, a name of recent introduction, we should certainly take the liberty of altering it; but, as it has been long known under the title of Musk Rose, however vague and imperfect the reference, we do not think ourselves authorized to change it.

It is a native of the island of Madeira, and a very desirable rose, although by no means splendid; but as one of the latter blowing it is a considerable addition, as it illumines that part of autumn, when the major part of this luxuriant tribe have ceased to bloom.

Our figure was made from a fine plant in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{22}

{23}

## ROSA moschata, Var. flore pleno.
Double Musk Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, paniculis multifloris, redolens quasi moschum; pedunculis villosis, petiolis aculeatis; foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, glabris; spinis ramorum latis, sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with many-flowered panicles, scented like musk; peduncles villose, petioles prickly; the leaflets are oblong, pointed, and smooth; the spines of the branches are broad, scattered, and straight.

This variety of the Musk Rose differs but little, if at all, from the single, except in its semi-double flowers, which in that particular give to the plant a very distinct appearance; but in every other respect it is so closely allied, that it may justly be called the prototype of the former; more especially as upon the single plant double flowers have sometimes been found, but not frequent; and careful cultivation has now rendered it a circumstance of very rare occurrence. Its blossoms certainly form a richer appearance than the single; their fragrance is by some thought stronger, by others weaker; on the propriety of which we shall make no further comment, than merely to observe that we regard an appeal to the olfactory organs of all references the most imperfect.

This plant, as well as the former, is frequently on the upper part of the branches free from spines, but on the lower part of the stems they are extremely large and strong.

Our figure was made from plants in the nursery of Messrs. Colville, King’s Road.{24}

{25}

## ROSA indica.
Indian Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus subrotundis, pedunculisque læviter hispidis; glabra, et nitida, semper florens; petiolis aculeatis; foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, nitidissimis; caule viridi, nitido, ad basin spinoso.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with roundish seed-buds, and peduncles slightly hispid; smooth and shining, ever blooming; the petioles are prickly; the leaflets are oblong, sharp-pointed, and very shining; stem green, shining, and thorny towards the base.

This most elegant rose is justly considered as one of the greatest ornaments ever introduced to this country. The light delicacy of its pinky flowers, and its bright shining green leaves, aided by its unceasing and abundant bloom, render it so attractive that very few roses can compare with it; in fragrance it is inferior to most; for although at times we have found it slightly scented, we must confess to have found it sometimes so deficient in this particular as to be almost induced to regard it as a scentless rose.

All the information that we have been able to acquire respecting its introduction is, that it was first seen in the garden of the late Mr. Parsons of Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, in the year 1793, soon after which period Messrs. Colville procuring a plant, cultivated it, and it has been ever since increasing in estimation. In the cold season of the year its blossoms are very pale; too great an exposure to the sun likewise produces the same effect. We have frequently seen it of a rich flesh-colour, but never deep.

It is commonly called Pale China Rose; but we have preferred the literal English name, to avoid confusion, by an appearance of two names for one plant, which can never be desirable.

Our figure was made from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, Clapham Common.{26}

{27}

## ROSA Belgica, blanda.
Blush Belgic Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, ad basin glandulosis, pedunculis hispido-glandulosis, floribus confertis, pallide carneis; foliolis ovatis, acuminatis; caule et petiolis aculeatis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with globose seed-buds, slightly glandular; peduncles hispidly glandular, flowers crowded, and of a pale flesh-colour, leaflets are ovate, and pointed; the stem and petioles prickly.

This fine pale variety of the Belgic Rose is much esteemed. Its flowers are in succession abundant, but rarely more than two are in perfection at one time. A considerable degree of sameness certainly pervades the Dutch species, to which a judicious curtailment will be very serviceable, by excluding those very trivial florescent varieties from a figurative description; by which abbreviation, a much greater degree of interest will be attached to those, that actually possess a character sufficiently distinct, to require a separate figure, and at the same time it will get rid of an heterogeneous mass of superlative phrases made use of occasionally by way of discrimination. The Author will nevertheless give as satisfactory a reason as possible for the apparent expulsion of any of this attractive genus.

Our figure was made from a fine plant in the nursery of Messrs. Colville, King’s Road, in the month of July, from which period till September it is in constant bloom.{28}

{29}

## ROSA menstrua, Var. flore racemoso.
Monthly Rose, Cluster-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus oblongis, sæpeflorens, racemosa, fragrans; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis, et glandulosis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis; foliolis oblongis, subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with oblong seed-buds, often flowering, clustered, sweet-scented; the peduncles and petioles are hispid and glandular; the prickles of the branches are scattered and straight; the leaflets are of an oblong form, and villous beneath.

This cluster-flowered Variety is undoubtedly the most attractive of that species of Rose denominated Monthly. To its fine abundant and frequent bloom is attached a fragrance of unequivocal sweetness, for which it is much esteemed. It bears so great a resemblance to the Damask Rose, that we are strongly induced to regard it as a continuation of that species, and have but little doubt, if the flowers were dried and analysed, they would be found to contain the same medicinal virtues. The title of Monthly is certainly a term of latitude with regard to its flowering; for, in the literal sense, it should imply a perpetually blooming Rose; which undoubtedly a Rose must be that blossoms every month; but this is by no means the case with the present species, although in mild seasons it may be found in bloom in December or January; which gives it a decided superiority over many of the summer species.

Our figure was taken from a fine blooming specimen in the month of September, at the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{30}

{31}

## ROSA racemosa.
Clustered Rose, or Rose of the four Seasons.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus sub-rotundis, læviter glandulosa, pedunculis hispido-glandulosis, sæpe florentibus, racemosis, læte rubro-purpureis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with roundish seed-buds, slightly glandular, peduncles hispidly glandular, often blooming, clustered, and of a bright red purple; leaflets are ovate, and villous beneath; the prickles of the branches are scattered and straight.

This very desirable Rose was introduced from France under the title of La Rose de quatre Saisons, and which we conceive to be an appropriate term, as it refers with some degree of accuracy to the frequency of its flowering. For although it is not in flower all the year, yet it is found blooming in every season; a circumstance of rare occurrence, and (the Chinese or Indian Rose excepted) only to be found in the species called the Monthly Rose, from which analogy alone, the Rose of the four Seasons has been by many supposed to be only the Clustered-flowered Monthly under a new name; but to this it has not the slightest affinity except in its foliage, being in every other respect most particularly distinct. It is also a scarcer rose, and by no means so well known as it deserves to be.

The figure was taken from a fine plant in the nursery of Messrs. Loddiges, Hackney.{32}

{33}

## ROSA Provincialis, blanda.
Blush Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus sub-globosis, incarnatis; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis et glandulosis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with nearly round seed-buds, flesh-coloured; the peduncles and petioles are hispid and glandular; the prickles of the branches are scattered, and straight; the leaflets are egg-shaped, and villose beneath.

Of all the numerous variations in the Province Rose, this is the most delicate variety; and as a well-known and much-admired (although only a slight) variety of the Red, it is highly deserving of a separate figure.—This specimen represents the most general character of the Blush Province. As we have two florescent varieties of this pale delicate character, from the same species, whose slight distinctions have no doubt lent their aid to swell the train of superfluous novelty,—the Author is in hopes, by the observations he has already made on the variations of the same Rose by different modes of culture, joined with the further inspection he shall be enabled to make in the course of the ensuing summer, that it will be in his power to ascertain with accuracy the difference between the mere florescent varieties of growth, and those actually distinct in their character, independent of that circumstance.{34}

{35}

## ROSA Gallica variegata; vel Rosa Mundi.
Striped French Rose; or Rose of the World.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis; floribus magnis, et eleganter variegatis; pedunculis hispidis; caule et petiolis hispidis et aculeatis; foliolis sub-ovatis, subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with globular seed-buds; flowers large, and elegantly striped; peduncles hispid; the stem and petioles are hispid and prickly; the leaflets are nearly egg-shaped, and villose beneath.

This elegant Striped variety of the Rosa Gallica is certainly more attractive than its original, the officinalis. Its fine red stripes acquire a comparatively superior brilliance, by their contrast with the white; from which analogous circumstance we believe the name of Rosa Mundi has been originally derived from a collateral reference to that celebrated lady in the reign of Henry the Second, commonly called Fair Rosamund (signifying Rose-mouth). Thus, like the Rose, the colour of her lips was heightened by the comparative delicacy of her fair complexion; and which the Author has no doubt will be considered as a fair excuse, however remote or questionable the etymology. Like all other variegated Roses, an exactitude of character is never to be expected; we having sometimes seen it more divided than our figure represents, and at others so much less so as to be nearly one half white, and the other red.

The drawing was made from fine plants in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{36}

{37}

## ROSA Gallica; Var. flore marmoreo.
French Rose; Marbled-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis; floribus magnis, marmoreis; pedunculis hispidis; caule petiolisque hispido-aculeatis; foliolis sub-ovatis, subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with globular seed-buds; the flowers are large, and of a marbled character; peduncles hispid; the stem and petioles are hispidly prickly; the leaflets are nearly egg-shaped, and villous beneath.

This Marbled Variety of the officinalis, or French Red Rose, is, like the Striped, a variety of colour only: for although all the three Roses appear distinct from each other when in flower; yet, when out of bloom, it is scarcely possible to distinguish the one from the other. We have sometimes observed the foliage of this variety more undulated or waved than the others; a trifling difference, if it is even a constant character;—but most likely a mere casualty of growth. It is exactly of the same bushy habit as the other two; and, like them, equally subject to mildew in the autumn.

Our drawing was made from a fine plant, in luxuriant bloom, at the nursery of Mr. Shailer, King’s Road, Chelsea.{38}

{39}

## ROSA Provincialis, semi-duplex.
Semi-double Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis; pedunculis petiolisque hispidis et glandulosis; floribus semi-duplicibus; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis, sub-reflexis; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis, serraturis glandulosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds; peduncles and petioles hispid and glandular; flowers semi-double. The prickles of the branches are scattered, straight, and slightly bent back. The leaflets are ovate, villous beneath, with glandular serratures.

This fine Semi-double Province Rose is at present but little known, being nearly of as recent a date as the Single, although not quite so rare—but in beauty by no means inferior; and when regarded as a connecting link in the symmetrical arrangement of this very numerous species, it will doubtless be considered as a valuable acquisition. Amidst their numerous variations of flower, very little if any difference is observable in the foliage, except what is incident to the health or age of the plant. The leaves are invariably composed of leaflets of from one to three pairs, with a terminating or end one: but those having three pairs are mostly confined to the lower part of the plant; and frequently those leaves at the base of the footstalks of the flowers have only the abortive rudiments of what would have been one pair of leaflets, had not the luxuriance of its blossoms absorbed the nourishment that would otherwise have brought them to maturity.

The figure was made from a plant at the nursery of Mr. Shailer, King’s Road.{40}

{41}

## ROSA nana, minor.
Small Dwarf, or Pompone Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis, parvifloris, incarnatis, in medio profunde rubris; foliolis ovatis, acutis, et parvis; subtus villosis, marginibus serrulatis, glandulosis; caule et petiolis aculeatis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, small-flowered, flesh-coloured, and of a deep red in the centre. The leaflets are ovate, sharp-pointed, and small; downy beneath, with small sawed glandular margins. The stem and petioles are prickly: the prickles of the branches are scattered, and straight.

This elegant minor variety of the Dwarf Rose has been, and still continues to be, regarded as superior to most, equal to any, and surpassed by no one, of this enchanting genus at present known. It is an evident variety of the Rose de Meaux, an equally beautiful Rose, but whose flowers are larger, and deficient in the fine deep red eye;—the principal specific distinction, in the present plant, and which is thought to give it a decided superiority. But whether this distinction be a permanent character, is certainly at present a matter of doubt; for in several instances we have seen it lose this central distinction, and attain the full height of its original. Yet against this observation we are acquainted with two exceptions: one of them, a plant in the nursery of Mr. Shailer; the other, a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Loddige; neither of these plants having for years grown beyond a foot in height, nor have the proprietors ever been able to propagate them. It is therefore not improbable, that upon comparing them with the present figure when in fine bloom, there may be found a sufficient distinction to enable us to subjoin another figure of it, under the title of minima, or smallest variety.

The drawing was made from a plant at the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, Old Brompton.{42}

{43}

## ROSA nana, minor; Var. æqualiflora.
Small Dwarf Rose; Equal-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis, parvifloris, incarnatis, æqualibus; foliolis ovatis, subtus villosis; marginibus serrulatis, glandulosis; caule et petiolis aculeatis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, small-flowered, flesh-coloured, and equal. The leaflets are egg-shaped, villose beneath, with sawed glandular margins. The stem and petioles are prickly: the prickles of the branches are scattered and straight.

This variety was introduced from France by Mr. Williams, a nurseryman residing near Paris. It is of a compound character; the leaves and the colour of the flowers resembling the Rosa nana, but in point of size much more like the nana minor, or Pompone Rose; yet differing again from that, in the great regularity of the petals—(whence the name æqualiflora)—a trivial distinction, and yet the most prominent feature allowed us by way of discrimination. Nor should we have adopted it, had we not seen at the nursery of Messrs. Colville a number of plants of exactly the same uniform description; which induced us to regard it as a permanent character. If it should prove so (which time alone can ascertain), the name will be sufficiently discriminative: but in case the flowers should enlarge, that circumstance might probably disorganize the symmetry of the petals, and it would then have no distinguishing mark to separate it from the de Meaux; between which and the Pompone Rose it is certainly a variety. But whilst so many variations are allowed among the larger Roses, the lesser ones (but not less estimated) may with propriety claim an equal right to be admitted, particularly as they are so few, compared with those of larger magnitude.{44}

{45}

## ROSA Carolina, pimpinellæfolia.
Great Burnet-leaved Carolina Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis, pedunculisque hispidis; petiolis aculeatis; foliolis oblongis, acutis, serratis; caule glabro; spinis ramorum sparsis, et oppositis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with round seed-buds and hispid peduncles; petioles prickly; leaflets oblong, sharp-pointed, and sawed; stem smooth; spines of the branches are scattered, and opposite.

This Rose, so well known by the appellation of the Great Burnet-leaved, is estimated as a variety of the Carolina; but in our opinion the resemblance is not very powerful. Probably a more minute investigation of some of the intermediate varieties at some future period may enable us to throw some further light on the subject. It is a very shrubby and rather dwarfish-growing plant, inclinable to spread; and although not particularly attractive, is by no means deficient in beauty. It continues a long time in successive bloom, and is possessed of a very handsome double-flowered variety.

Our drawing was made from a plant at the nursery of Messrs. Colville.{46}

{47}

## ROSA Pennsylvanica.
Pennsylvanian Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis, pedunculisque hispidis; foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, serratis, glabris; spinis ramorum oppositis, rectis, rubris.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with round seed-buds, and hispid peduncles; the leaflets are of an ovate form, sharp-pointed, sawed, and smooth; the thorns of the branches are opposite, straight, and red.

This handsome Single Rose is supposed to be one of the varieties of the Carolina, and for that reason, we believe, called the Pennsylvanian Rose, and perfectly well known under that title; although we think the plant bears very little affinity to the Carolina Rose, and is perhaps nearer allied to the Austrian than any other. It certainly bears a considerable resemblance to the Burnet-leaved variety of the Carolina; but has much more of the character of a brier attached to it, and is generally estimated as the most desirable variety.

It is in fine bloom from the middle of June to the end of August. There is a delicate variety of it with double flowers.

Our figure was made from the nursery of Messrs. Colville.{48}

{49}

## ROSA parvifolia.
Small-leaved, or Burgundy Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis; pedunculis et petiolis hispidis; floribus multiplicibus, equalibus; foliolis ovatis, acutis, parvis, subtus villosis, marginibus serrulatis; caule fruticoso; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with round seed-buds; peduncles and petioles hispid; flowers with many folds, and equal; leaflets ovate, sharp-pointed and small, hairy beneath, with finely sawed edges; stem shrubby; the spines of the branches are scattered and straight.

This beautiful Dwarf Rose is certainly a very distinct species, and generally known by the appellation of Burgundy Rose. It is an early-blooming Rose, and makes a brilliant appearance. The flowers are very double, of a rich red purple when in perfection, but of a paler or bluer colour when retiring. It is very easily distinguished from any other dwarf Rose, by the striking resemblance which it bears to the Ranunculus, and from which a good specific name might have been derived, had not the leaves (ever the most appropriate characteristic) furnished an unexceptionable title, recently adopted by professor Willdenow in his Species Plantarum.

Our drawing was made from fine plants at the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames.{50}

{51}

## ROSA spinosissima.
Thorny Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis, glabris; pedunculis et petiolis glabris; foliolis ovatis, crenatis, glabris; floribus albis; caule et ramis aculeatissimis; aculeis rectis, sub-albidis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with smooth round seed-buds; peduncles and petioles of the leaf smooth; the leaflets are egg-shaped, notched, and smooth; flowers white; the stem and branches are very prickly; the prickles straight, and nearly white.

Various are the opinions of cultivators with regard to what part of the world this Rose is in reality indigenous. Its general appellation with us is Common Scotch Rose; but Professor Afzelius, in his Observations on Swedish Roses, claims it as a native of Sweden, finding great fault with Linnæus for the inaccuracy of his description in confounding the pimpinellæfolia with the spinosissima; an error, we have little doubt, originating merely from having two names for one individual plant. There are two slight variations from this plant: the one rather a taller plant, whose flowers and leaves are of a more luxuriant growth; the other and most material is one, said to be of recent importation from Holland, whose leaves are narrower, nor are the spines quite so numerous or perfectly straight as on the true spinosissima, but yet it is evidently the same plant. This slight variation of clime and culture, it is not at all improbable, might be the cause of the above confusion: we have so frequently seen it growing wild on the waste lands within ten miles of London, that, although it may be a native of Sweden, it nevertheless seems quite at home in Britain. The single flower beneath represents what is called a Striped Variety; but it is often so nearly white, that, until its character is more determined, we shall decline a separate figure. It is very hardy, of a lively appearance, but no great beauty. It is an early Rose, and possessed of several very handsome varieties.

Our figure was made from the nursery of Mr. Williams, Turnham Green.{52}

{53}

## ROSA spinosissima; Var. flore marmoreo.
Thorny Rose; Marbled-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus globosis, glabris; pedunculis et petiolis glabris; foliolis ovatis, crenatis, glabris; floribus marmoreis, purpureis; caule et ramis aculeatissimis; aculeis rectis, albicantibus.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with round seed-buds, and smooth; peduncles and petioles smooth; the leaflets are ovate, notched, and smooth; the flowers are marbled, and of a purple colour; the stem and branches are very prickly; the prickles straight out, and of a whitish colour.

This fine Marbled Variety of the spinosissima is certainly much more desirable than its original, but is by no means so abundant; and we think it is a smaller or more dwarf-growing plant: but not having seen more than two plants of it in bloom, we cannot be quite certain of its character in that particular. The flowers are somewhat smaller than in the White, and one of the specimens in bloom at the nursery of Malcolm and Co., Kensington, still smaller than our figure of it, but fully equal in beauty and richness of colour to the plant from which our figure was made at the nursery of Messrs. Loddige, Hackney; but so variable are the Striped and Marbled Roses, that we cannot expect them often to stand the test of comparison. It is an early blooming Rose, but not of long duration; beginning to flower the latter end of May, and seldom lasting more than three weeks.{54}

{55}

## ROSA nana, minima.
Smallest Dwarf, or True Pompone Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus subrotundis; floribus minutis, incarnatis, in medio profunde rubris; foliolis ovatis, acutis, et parvis, subtus villosis, marginibus serrulatis, glandulosis. Frutex pygmæus; caule et petiolis aculeatis; aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with roundish seed-buds; flowers very small, flesh-coloured, and of a deep red in the centre; leaflets egg-shaped, sharp-pointed, and small, hairy beneath, with finely sawed glandular margins. It is a dwarf shrub; stem and petioles prickly; the spines of the branches are scattered and straight.

This elegant little plant proves, as we imagined it would, distinct from the minor variety, whose flower and leaves we find subject to vary both in size and colour, but in the present true original species they are not. At present it is a very scarce Rose, and likely so to continue, from the difficulty annexed to its cultivation.

Our figure represents one-third of the entire and only plant in the collection of Messrs. Loddige, Hackney, the whole plant exhibiting an equal degree of luxuriant bloom. It very rarely attains the height of one foot; but this year it had not exceeded five inches, which gave an addition of singularity to its appearance. It begins to flower nearly at the same time as the Rose de Meaux, but does not remain quite so long in bloom.{56}

{57}

## ROSA semperflorens.
Ever-blowing Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus subrotundis, pedunculisque læviter hispidis; floribus profunde rubris, semperflorentibus; petiolis aculeatis; foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, glabris; caule viridi, glabro, ad basin spinoso.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with roundish seed-buds, and slightly hispid peduncles; flowers of a deep rich red colour, ever-blooming; petioles prickly; leaflets oblong, sharp-pointed, and smooth; stem green, smooth, and thorny towards the base.

This most beautiful species is perhaps the only one that could with any degree of propriety be termed an Ever-blooming Rose, the indica excepted, and which is by some supposed to be only a variety of the present plant; an idea probably resulting from the congeniality of their continual bloom: but admitting it to be only a pale variety of this dark Rose, there must be at least one or two intermediate varieties not yet imported, to smooth the gradual descent from its original; or otherwise the China Roses must be as distinct in their varieties as the generality of other Roses are in their species. It is a Rose of extreme latitude, particularly in the growth of its foliage. When cultivated in a pot, it is frequently not a fourth part of the size our figure represents; whilst on the contrary in the conservatory of G. Hibbert, esq. from whence our figure was made from a plant ten feet high, some of the foliage on the lower part of the plant was full three times the size we have delineated.

To the late G. Slater, esq. of Knots Green near Laytonstone, we are indebted for the introduction of this fine plant, in the year 1792.{58}

{59}

## ROSA muscosa Provincialis; Var. flore pallido.
Moss Province Rose; Pale-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa, germinibus ovatis; calycibus et pedunculis muscosis; petiolis ramulisque hispidis, et glanduloso-viscosis; floribus incarnatis; spinis ramorum numerosis, rectis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose, with egg-shaped seed-buds; empalements and peduncles mossy; petioles and younger branches hispid, and glandularly viscous; flowers of a flesh-colour; the spines of the branches are scattered and straight.

Our figure represents a delicate Pale Variety, of the common, old, (but ever favourite) species, taken from the nursery of Mr. Shailer of Little Chelsea, and at present considered as a rare plant; but which we regard as only a variety of colour, considering the latitude of growth to which Roses in general are subject, and the present species in particular, whose beautiful original when cultivated in a pot instead of the open ground experiences a diminution both in its mossy character and the brilliance of its colour, but frequently acquires a much more graceful habit from the confinement of its situation: and as the Rose is as much noticed under this treatment as in any other mode of culture, the Author has carefully selected from a number of fine specimens one of luxuriant but rapid growth; that, aided by its rich and higher coloured original, may serve as a criterion to ascertain the variety of form and character with which it may at different times meet the eye.{60}

{61}

## ROSA Bella Donna.
Maiden’s-blush Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis, pedunculisque hispidis: floribus confertis, pallide carneis: foliis patentibus: foliolis lato-ovatis, acuminatis: caule et petiolis aculeatis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with egg-shaped seed-buds, and hispid peduncles. Flowers crowded, of a pale flesh colour. Leaves spreading. Leaflets broadly egg-shaped and sharp-pointed. Stem and petioles prickly.

There cannot be a Rose better known than this delicate species, under the title of The Maiden’s Blush. It is considered, among the Garden Roses, as the second in progressive routine from the wild species, but must certainly be ranked among the first in beauty. Our figure represents what is called the Clustered variety; an appellation we have not adopted, as it would have compelled us to have given two other nominal varieties; the one, whose flowers are rather smaller; the other, with flowers less crowded. But when the latitude of growth that appertains to this luxuriant tribe is considered, they may with propriety be regarded as the variations of culture only.

During the months of July and August this Rose is in the greatest perfection. We have frequently remarked the foliage of this Rose, upon most old plants, to be of a very dark or blackish green; but, on the younger ones, to be nearly the same in colour as the minor variety.{62}

{63}

## ROSA Bella Donna; Var. flore minore.
Maidens-blush Rose; Small-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis, pedunculisque hispidis: floribus numerosis parvulis, pallide carneis: foliis patentibus: foliolis ovatis, acuminatis: caule et petiolis aculeatis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with egg-shaped seed-buds, and hispid peduncles. Flowers numerous, smallish, and of a pale flesh colour. Leaves spreading. Leaflets egg-shaped and pointed. Stem and petioles prickly.

This minor Variety of the Maiden’s Blush, like the larger one, is said to possess two equally trivial variations. The only observable distinction in this variety is the very small size of its flowers, compared with the preceding figure. Yet, as it delineates the latitude of growth annexed to this species, it stands in no great need of an apology. But how we could have apologized, in a satisfactory manner, for the introduction of four more intermediate varieties, we know not; but rather think we must have borrowed the specific character of the present species, and blushed for their intrusion. The specific we have adopted is only retained among cultivators for this minor Variety, doubtless with the intention of preserving an appearance of greater distinction.

From fine plants in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley, this species has been delineated.{64}

{65}

## ROSA inermis.
Rose without Thorns.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa inermis, germinibus oblongis: pedunculis petiolisque hispidis: corollis saturate rubropurpureis: foliis glabris: foliolis ovatis, acutis, serratis: caule ramisque glabris: fructibus pendulis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose unarmed, with oblong seed-buds, and hispid petioles and peduncles. Blossoms of a deep red purple. Leaves smooth. Leaflets ovate, sharp-pointed, and sawed at the edges. Stem and branches smooth. Fruit pendulous.

This thornless Rose may be almost considered as the exception to an otherwise general rule. A specific so unequivocally good seldom occurs; and yet this Rose, in the Hortus Kewensis, bears the name of pendulina, from its pendulous fruit; a character common to several other species. But had we not found this Rose to be as well known under the name of inermis, as by the title of pendulina, we should not (although for the better) have thought ourselves so well justified in altering it; regarding names of no further value than as they give us the most immediate direction to any object we may be in search of. It is an early-blooming Rose with single-flowers of the finest purple colour; and frequently blooms a second time in the autumn; but its flowers then are not so large as in the early part of the season.

Our figure was drawn from a large plant in the nursery of Mr. Shailer.{66}

{67}

## ROSA lucida.
Shining-leaved or Macartney Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, lucidis, et sericeis, ad basin bracteis sericeis dentatis instructis: floribus albis: foliis buxeis: foliolis sub-ovatis, serrulatis, lucidis: pedunculis et petiolis aculeatissimis: caule aculeatissimo, tomentoso: ramis flexuosis, patentibus.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds, shining, and silky, furnished at the base with silky toothed floral leaves. Flowers white. Leaves resembling box. Leaflets nearly egg-shaped, finely sawed, and shining. Peduncles and petioles very prickly. Stem very prickly and downy. Branches flexuose and spreading.

This perfectly distinct species of Rose was introduced from China to this country by Lord Macartney, on his return from his embassy to that court. It is perfectly known under the title of Macartney Rose, and also by the name of lucida, which we have retained: not that we think it is the best name that might have been applied; for lucida is by no means the exclusive character of the present species, and the appellative of buxifolia or bracteata would have been more appropriate, as they could not have been well applied to any other Rose at present known. But, probably, at a future period, some variety of this species, either imported or cultivated in this country, may enable us to make use of these specifics.

Our figure was taken from a luxuriant specimen of this fine training Rose, communicated by the Hon. W. Irby.{68}

{69}

## ROSA canina; Var. flore pleno.
Dog-Rose; Double-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus rotundatis, pedunculisque glabris: floribus semi-duplicibus: petalis exteriorbus albicantibus, patentibus: interioribus pallide incarnatis, et apertis: caule et petiolis aculeatis: ramis gracilibus, flexuosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, and smooth peduncles. Flowers semi-double: the outer petals are whitish, and spreading: the inner are of a pale flesh colour, and unclosed. The stem and petioles are prickly. Branches slender, and flexuose.

This elegant little Rose is a most desirable variety of the wild species, and would be extremely ornamental if trained against a wall. We have not been able to learn for certain by whom it was first cultivated, but are inclined to think it the spontaneous effusion of nature unassisted by art; and are rather surprised that it should not have become long before now an object of general culture: but, as we understand it is rather shy of flowering, that in some measure accounts for an otherwise apparent neglect of beauty. We have no doubt, however, when it becomes abundantly cultivated, it may also prove a plant of freer bloom. From the light, airy, graceful character of its flowers, we are convinced that to be sought after it need but to be seen.

Our figure was made from the only plant we have ever seen in bloom, at the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames.{70}

{71}

## ROSA canina, variegata.
Variegated-leaved Dog-Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, glabris: pedunculis leviter hispidis: floribus albis, tenuibus: foliis variegatis: foliolis ovatis, acutis, serratis: ramis patentibus: caule humili vel repente.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds, smooth. Peduncles slightly hispid. Flowers white, and thin. Leaves variegated. Leaflets ovate, sharp-pointed, and sawed. Branches spreading. Stem low or creeping.

This little Rose is an evident variety of the wild species, and certainly no great beauty; yet, as a perfectly distinct Rose, it has a greater claim to notice than half the supposed novelties of the present day (combined) could boast. Its variegated leaves give a singularity to its appearance: from its extreme low growth and very spreading branches it may literally be said to creep upon the ground; and which may be rather considered as an addition to the appearance of the plant, by the relief its small white blossoms experience, contrasted with the sombre earth on which they are spread. The duration of the bloom is much longer than might be expected from their extremely thin delicate texture; there is a pretty good succession of flowers: and during the months of July and August they make a lively appearance.

From a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Colville, our figure was taken.{72}

{73}

## ROSA Portlandia.
Portland Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis: pedunculis petiolisque hispidis: floribus coccineis: aculeis ramorum sparsis, rectis: foliolis ovatis, luteolo-virentibus, subtus villosis; serratulis glandulosis. Rami patentes, albo-virescentes.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with egg-shaped seed-buds. Peduncles and petioles hispid. Flowers scarlet-coloured; prickles of the branches scattered and straight. Leaflets ovate, of a yellowish green, villose beneath, with glandular serratures. Branches spreading, of a whitish green.

This Rose is perfectly well known under the appellation of the Portland Rose; a title it is said to have received in compliment to the late Duchess of Portland, a great admirer of this charming tribe of plants, and in whose collection at Bulstrode they were cultivated in great luxuriance. It is a fine scarlet Rose, of a most brilliant appearance, far above comparison with any effort of art. It appears to have the compound character of three different plants: in growth and flower, like the Gallica officinalis; in foliage, like the Province; with seed-buds and peduncles more resembling the Damask species. Yet with all these affinities it seems to possess a perfectly distinct character, and may be easily distinguished from most other Roses by the fiery colour of its flowers: the stalks are of a whiter green, and the foliage of a yellower green, than Roses in general. It continues in successive bloom from the middle of summer till late in autumn.

Our figure was made from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Colville.{74}

{75}

## ROSA Pennsylvanica; Var. flore pleno.
Pennsylvanian Rose; Double-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, pedunculisque hispidis: foliis patentibus: foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, serratis, glabris: spinis ramorum oppositis, rectis, rubris. Caulis humilis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds, and hispid peduncles. Leaves spreading. Leaflets of an ovate form, sharp-pointed, sawed, and smooth. The thorns of the branches opposite, straight, and red. Stem low.

This delicate little Rose is a most desirable variety, as it continues in bloom all the summer, and is amongst those few that do not retire till late in autumn. It is of a dwarf growth, inclinable to spread, and sometimes almost creep upon the ground. In dry weather, the sun frequently extracts so much of the colour from the outer petals as to leave them almost bleached; which gives a comparatively richer appearance to the centre. It then bears some resemblance, in its flowers, to the larger Pompone Rose.

The powerful transition it has experienced, from single to completely double flowers, gives it a very different aspect from its original; but in every other particular it is closely allied. Its bloom is durable, and succession abundant. We however rather think it is of a tender habit, not having seen any large plants of it.

Our figure was taken from a luxuriant plant at the nursery of Mr. Williams, at Turnham Green.{76}

{77}

## ROSA alba, semi-duplex.
Semi-double White Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis, glabris: pedunculis hispidis: floribus albis, semi-duplicibus: foliis sub-glaucis: foliolis ovatis, acutis, ad margines serratis: caulis erecto-patens, superne sub-glaber, ad basin aculeis rigidis instructus.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with smooth, egg-shaped seed-buds, and hispid peduncles. Flowers white, and semi-double. Leaves nearly of a glaucous green. Leaflets broadly egg-shaped, sharp-pointed, with serrated margins. Stem between erect and spreading, nearly smooth on the upper part, but furnished with strong spines towards the base.

This semi-double Rose so nearly resembles the single in its habit and foliage, that it can only be regarded as a florescent variety; for, when the plant is not in bloom, it is scarcely possible to distinguish the one from the other: but when in flower it certainly forms a very distinct appearance from its original, and is by far the more desirable plant: not that its beauty is by any means considerable; but as it preserves a regular progressive approach to completely double flowers, (generally regarded as the perfection of the plant,) it is on that account particularly estimable. Like its original, it is only retained by those who wish to have every distinct Rose, to form a complete collection. Its flowers are of a fine white, but not of long continuance. The foliage is of a blueish or glaucous green. In habit, its native origin (the wild species) is very discernible. It is at present rather a scarce plant, from not possessing attraction sufficient to recommend it as an object of general culture.{78}

{79}

## ROSA spinosissima, rubra; Var. flore pleno.
Red Thorny Rose; Double-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, glabris: pedunculis hispidis: floribus semi-duplicibus, incarnatis: foliis patentibus: foliolis ovatis, costatis, crenatis: caule et petiolis aculeatissimis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, smooth. Peduncles hispid. Flowers semi-double, and flesh-coloured. Leaves spreading. Leaflets ovate, ribbed, and notched at the edges. Stem and petioles very prickly.

This fine semi-double Rose is generally known by the appellation of the Double Red Scotch. It is evidently a thorny Rose, and powerfully resembles the spinosissima in most particulars except the flowers, whose pale delicate character reminds us so much of the Indica, that, were a flower detached from the plant, and compared with that ever-blooming species in a confined mode of culture, the resemblance would be found considerable. How or by whom it was first cultivated, we have not been able to learn with any degree of certainty: it must, therefore, with several other unavoidable deficiencies of the same description, pass on till the conclusion of the work, when we shall be better enabled to fill up these little chasms—at the same time that we give a Dissertation on the Genus.

Our figure was made from fine plants in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames.{80}

{81}

## ROSA Indica rubra.
Red Indian Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis, pedunculisque leviter hispidis, glabris, et nitidis: floribus rubris, magnis, odoratis: foliis glabris, nitidis, et atro-purpureo-viridibus: petiolis aculeatis: foliolis oblongis, et margine serratis: caule viridi, glabro, ad basin spinis rubris.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, and peduncles slightly hispid, smooth, and shining: flowers red, large, and sweet-scented: leaves smooth, shining, and of a dark purply green colour: petioles prickly: leaflets oblong, and sawed at the edges: stem green, smooth, with red thorns on the lower part.

The Indica rubra is regarded as the finest of the ever-blooming China Roses. By some it is thought to be a distinct species, from the dark colour and smaller size of its foliage: but this is most likely the effect of its recent importation; and, when it becomes more familiarised to our climate, may in part if not totally disappear. As a variety of the Indica we think it may with propriety be considered, from the flowers being sometimes found as pale as that species: a circumstance that has not as yet occurred in the semperflorens already figured, although it has been so many years in cultivation with us; and which would doubtless have sometimes been the case, had it not been a distinct species, as permanence of character, either in shape or colour, can never be expected to characterize mere varieties.

It was introduced last summer from China by T. Evans, esq. of Stepney, and flowered first at the nursery of Messrs. Colville.{82}

{83}

## ROSA Indica, minor.
Small Indian Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis, pedunculisque leviter hispidis, glabris: floribus parvis, carneis, semperflorentibus: foliis glabris: petiolis aculeatis: foliolis oblongis, acutis, margine serrulatis, glabris: caule viridi, ad basin spinis rubris.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, and peduncles slightly hispid and smooth: flowers small, flesh-coloured, and ever-blooming: leaves smooth, and petioles prickly: leaflets oblong, pointed, with finely serrated edges, and smooth: stem green, with red thorns on the lower part.

This delicate little Rose was raised from seed of the Rosa Indica by Mr. Colville, and can only be regarded as a variety of that favourite species: but every material variation of a Rose that is in continual bloom, will most probably be considered equally as interesting, as the more specific distinction of any other whose beauty is lost to us above half the year. The very short time this variety has been in cultivation with us, precludes at present the possibility of ascertaining with accuracy the latitude of its growth: as yet we have not seen any plant above twice the size our figure represents, and never with larger flowers; but frequently in very small plants the blossoms have scarcely been an inch in diameter.{84}

{85}

## ROSA Provincialis; Var. flore pleno.
Province Rose; Double-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa geriminibus subglobosis, pedunculisque hispidis et glandulosis: floribus saturate carneis, odoratissimis: foliolis ovatis, acutis, serratis, et subtus villosis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, and peduncles hispid and glandular: flowers of a deep flesh-colour, and very sweet-scented: leaflets egg-shaped, pointed, sawed, and villose beneath.

This Rose is one of the most abundant, and, from being extremely common, is perhaps best known, but the least valued. Yet, if fragrance and beauty were instead of scarcity to fix a price, very few would be deserving of a higher sum.

We have sometimes seen this fine Rose, in well cultivated luxuriant plants, acquire the height of nearly fifteen feet, adorning the front of a house in a most elegant manner during the summer months.{86}

{87}

## Rosa Provincialis, nana.
Dwarf Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, pedunculisque hispidis et glandulosis: foliolis ovatis, margine serratis, subtus villosis: floribus læte rubris, odoratis: caulis humilis, aculeis ramorum sparsis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, and peduncles hispid and glandular: leaflets egg-shaped, sawed at the edges, and villous beneath: flowers of a fine red colour, and sweet-scented: stem low: the prickles of the branches are scattered.

This Province Rose, of humble stature, is very sweetly scented. The flowers are rather small, but very compact, and of a fine colour. We have observed it for three successive summers, and have not perceived any very material alteration in its character: but such is the latitude in growth of this fine tribe, that it would not be possible to prescribe exact bounds to the size, or limits to the height, of some luxuriant plants in a rich congenial soil; and if under such circumstances this Rose should be found to exceed our present delineation of it, there is little doubt but amongst all the other varieties it would still be found (comparatively) a dwarf plant.{88}

{89}

## ROSA alba.
White Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis, glabris: pedunculis hispidis: floribus albis: foliolis ovatis, acutis, ad margines serratis, subtus leviter tomentosis: caulis erecto-patens, superne sub-glaber, ad basin aculeis rigidis instructus.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with smooth egg-shaped seed-buds and hispid peduncles: flowers white: leaflets ovate and pointed, with serrated margins, slightly downy on the under side: stem between erect and spreading, nearly smooth on the upper part, but furnished with strong spines towards the base.

This Rose is a native of Britain, and considered as the first on the list of Garden Roses removed from the common Hedge or Dog Rose, its charming wild original. The flowers are very fugitive, so soon falling off that a specimen in fine bloom is not easily procured. It is the source of several fine varieties, and flowers during the summer months, but is in very few collections.{90}

{91}

## ROSA Caroliniana; Var. flore pleno.
Great Burnet-leaved Carolina Rose; Double-flowered Variety.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis pedunculisque hispidis: petiolis aculeatis: foliolis oblongis, acutis, serratis, nitidis: floribus carneis, in centro inapertis: caule glabro: spinis ramorum sparsis et oppositis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds and hispid peduncles: petioles prickly: the leaflets are oblong, sharp-pointed, sawed, and shining: flowers flesh-coloured, and unopened in the middle: stem smooth: the spines of the branches are scattered and opposite.

In this double-flowered variety of the Great Burnet-leaved Carolina Rose there is a variation much more powerful than many of the new species of the present day could lay claim to, as nearly one half of the plant from which our figure was made, in the garden of the Hon. W. Irby, was so different both in shape and size, that they might easily pass for distinct species; and had we not found them both on one plant, we should have been inclined to consider them as such. A separate figure will therefore be given of such a strong-marked difference of character, that will probably illustrate the distinction actually existing between varieties and species.{92}

{93}

## ROSA semperflorens, simplex.
Single Ever-blooming Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis, pedunculisque leviter hispidis, glabris et nitidis: floribus simplicibus et rubris: foliolis oblongis, acutis, glabris et nitidis, margine serrulatis: caule viridi, glabro, ad basin spinis rubris.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds, and peduncles slightly hispid, smooth, and shining: flowers single and red: leaflets oblong, pointed, smooth and shining, with finely sawed margins: stem green, smooth, with red thorns on the lower part.

This Rose is known by the appellation of diversifolia, a title equally applicable to any other Rose. But were this the only objection, we are not so much attached to novelty as to think the adoption of a more appropriate term a sufficient compensation for the confusion which alteration invariably produces. As the present subject, however, (of recent introduction) is unquestionably the original or single of that line semi-double ever-blooming Rose so well characterized by the title of semperflorens, the species must therefore undoubtedly retain the appropriate title which its fine variety has so long enjoyed.

Our figure was made from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley.{94}

{95}

## ROSA multiflora.
Many-flowered Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus subrotundis et pedunculis villosis: floribus numerosis, confertis, parvis, multiplicatis, carneis, odoratis: foliolis sub-ovatis, villosis: petiolis villosis et aculeatis: caule viridi, glabro, cum aculeis sparsis.

Habitat in Sinensi.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with roundish seed-buds and villous peduncles: flowers numerous, crowded together, small, of many folds, flesh-coloured, and sweet-scented: leaflets nearly egg-shaped, and hairy: petioles villous and prickly: stem green, smooth, with scattered prickles.

Native of China.

This beautiful plant was introduced by T. Evans, esq. amongst many others, from China, that delightful region, where Flora reigns unrivalled. Previous to its flowering it was regarded as a yellow Rose; and although it has proved to be a very different plant, it has exceeded, we believe, what was expected from it under its former appellation. It is equally as hardy as any other Rose we are acquainted with. The flowers are very fragrant; and its growth is so rapid, that a small cutting rooted in the spring will in the course of the summer become a fine large plant. The luxuriance of its crowded flowers immediately pointed out the specific title of multiflora, by which appellation we find it already described by Thunberg, and enumerated by Willdenow. Our figure was made, from the only plant that has as yet flowered in this country, at the nursery of Messrs. Colville in the month of July; and from what we can at present judge of it, the three summer months appeared to be the utmost period of its inflorescence.{96}

{97}

## ROSA sulphurea.
Double Yellow Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus glabris, rotundato-planis: foliis ovalibus, marginibus serratis, sub-glaucis: petiolis aculeatis: floribus ramulos terminantibus: corollis flavis: petalis numerosis, confertis: caule ramoso, spinis curvatis armato.

Habitat in Oriente.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with smooth seed-buds flatly rounded: leaves oval, sawed at the edges, and nearly glaucous: petioles prickly: flowers terminate the smaller branches: blossom yellow: petals numerous, and crowded together: stem branching, and armed with crooked spines.

Native of the Levant.

This fine yellow Rose is a native of the Levant, and not to be met with in flower in any of the nursery-grounds very near London. We have not seen it even in a budding state nearer than Brentford, in the collection of the Duke of Northumberland at Sion House, whence our drawing was begun last year from a fine plant with numerous buds, not one of which expanded sufficiently perfect for us to represent. To complete our figure, we this year received some fine specimens communicated by the Hon. W. Irby, collected from a gentleman’s garden in the neighbourhood of Farnham, a distance of between twenty and thirty miles, and we believe the nearest approximation to the metropolis in which it can be found in perfect bloom. Even in the most congenial situations it is subject to an irregularity of inflorescence, from the extreme complexity of its petals, occasionally bursting at the sides, and destroying the symmetry of its appearance. We have never seen it lighter in colour than we have represented, certainly much too deep a yellow to exemplify the pallid hue of sulphur. It flowers in the month of June, and was introduced to this country in the year 1629.{98}

{99}

## ROSA Cinnamomea, multiplex.
Double Cinnamon Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, glabris, et saturatè purpureis: floribus petalis confertis: pedunculis glabris, ad basin bracteâ magnâ instructis: foliis saturatè viridibus, rugosis, subtùs glaucis: petiolis aculeatis: caule aculeato, cum spinis sparsis geminis.

Habitat in Europâ Meridionali.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds, smooth, and of a dark purple colour: flowers with crowded petals: footstalks smooth, and furnished at the base with a large bract or floral leaf: leaves of a deep green, and wrinkled, glaucous on the under side: footstalks prickly: stem prickly, with scattered spines in pairs.

Native of the South of Europe.

The odour of Cinnamon, which this early blooming Rose is supposed to possess, has furnished it with a specific title by which it is well known. It is a very old species, and said to have been introduced from the south of Europe as long ago as the year 1569. Like all those roses whose flowers are very double, the petals are subject to be disorganised by the prevalence of easterly winds, to which its early bloom is liable. It is only increased by layers, as the abundance of the petals absorbing all the stamina precludes the fruit’s increase.{100}

{101}

## ROSA Provincialis regalis.
Royal or Queen’s Province Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis: pedunculis et petiolis hispidè glandulosis: foliis pinnatis: foliolis ovatis, acutis, subtùs villosis: floribus semi-duplicibus, incarnatis, magnis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds: peduncles and petioles hispidly glandular: leaves winged: leaflets ovate, pointed, and villose beneath: flowers semi-double, flesh-coloured, and large.

This fine semi-double Rose is known amongst cultivators by the appellation of Royal or Queen’s Province, and considered as an excellent forcing Rose, and much esteemed by those nurserymen who with the assistance of the hot-stove bring flowers into a premature state of inflorescence. Like all the other Province species, its natural period of blooming is during the months of June and July.{102}

{103}

## ROSA sempervirens.
Evergreen Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis: calycibus pedunculisque hispidis: petiolis aculeatis: caule spinis curvatis rubris armato: floribus in sparsis umbellis, bracteis lanceolatis, reflexis: corollis albis.

Habitat in Germaniâ.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with egg-shaped seed-buds: empalements and peduncles hispid: petioles prickly: stem armed with crooked red spines: flowers grow in scattered umbels, with lance-shaped, reflexed floral leaves: blossoms white.

Native of Germany.

As a training Rose, this species is particularly estimable from the rapidity of its growth. It also retains its leaves longer than most roses, but is certainly, strictly speaking, not an evergreen. It so much resembles the Rosa arvensis, that at first sight they might easily be taken one for the other. It is a native of Germany, and was introduced about the year 1629. Our drawing was made from a fine plant in the collection of Isaac Swainson, esq. at Twickenham.{104}

{105}

## ROSA Eglanteria Americana.
American Eglantine Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, hispidis: pedunculis et petiolis hispidè glandulosis: caule fruticoso, spinis sparsis, parvis, rectis armato: ramis numerosis: floribus ramos singulariter terminantibus: corollis semi-duplicibus, saturatè incarnatis: foliis glabris, odoratis: foliolis ovatis.

Habitat in Americâ Boreali.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, hispid: peduncles and petioles hispidly glandular: stem shrubby, armed with small, straight, scattered spines: branches numerous: flowers terminate the branches singly: blossom semi-double, and of a deep flesh colour: leaves smooth, and scented: leaflets egg-shaped.

Native of North America.

This new species of Sweetbriar, we are informed, was introduced from North America, about the year 1801, by Mr. Pope, a nurseryman near Birmingham. The foliage is small, neat, and regular, but not so fragrant as the leaves of the common Eglantine. The flowers are abundant, and of a fine pinky colour whilst in perfection, but grow paler when going out of bloom; in which state its size enlarges just before the petals fall off. It is increased by seed and layers; but as it does not at present seed freely, nor are the layers rapid in forming a root, it will most probably continue for some time as a scarce rose. Our drawing was made in the month of June, from a luxuriant plant in the nursery of Mr. Williams, at Turnham Green.{106}

{107}

## ROSA blanda.
Hudson’s Bay or Labradore Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis: calycibus pedunculisque hispidis: caule et ramis numerosis aculeis, rectis, rubris, horizontaliter sitis, armatis: foliis pinnatis: foliolis oblongis, æqualiter serratis, et lucidis: petiolis rubris, glabris, leviter armatis: floribus sparsis: corollis rubris.

Habitat in Americâ.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with globose seed-buds: empalements and peduncles hispid: stem and branches armed with numerous prickles, straight, red, and horizontally situated: leaves winged: leaflets oblong, equally sawed, and shining: petioles red, smooth, and slightly armed: flowers scattered: blossoms red.

Native of America.

In the Hortus Kewensis we find this Rose described as having smooth seed-buds and an unarmed stem; and the very reverse character being the leading features by which our plant may at all times be discriminated, induced us at first to imagine it might be a different species: but finding upon inquiry amongst cultivators, that this Rose and no other is perfectly known by the appellations of Rosa blanda, Hudson’s Bay or Labradore Rose, we have therefore retained the name, but altered the description. It is a very lively-looking little rose, whose bloom is rather short in duration, but of quick succession, introduced to this country in the year 1773. Our drawing was made from plants in the nursery of Messrs. Loddige.{108}

{109}

## ROSA centifolia, holosericea.
Velvet-flowered Hundred-leaved Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, pedunculisque hispidis: caule et petiolis hispidis, aculeatis: foliis pinnatis: foliolis ovatis, subtùs villosis: floribus saturatè purpureis: corollis simplicibus, semi-duplicibus, vel petalis plenis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, and peduncles hispid: stem and petioles hispid and prickly: leaves winged: leaflets ovate, and villose beneath: flowers of a deep purple colour: blossom single, semi-double, or full of petals.

This species of Rose forms part of a section known by the appellation of Centifolia, in which may be included many of the French and Dutch Roses, whose general appearance is so nearly alike, that when out of bloom it would be very difficult to distinguish one from the other. For what reason it has acquired the specific title of centifolia we are at a loss to guess, as it would be utterly impossible to find out a species by any given number of leaves, which must ever depend on the size of the plant. But as a very old species long usage has given it such a sanction, that a more appropriate title would not be used in preference.

Our drawing represents the single, semi-double, and completely double-flowered velvet Roses, easily distinguished when in flower, but when out of bloom not the slightest difference is discernible.{110}

{111}

## ROSA Eglanteria, major.
Large Eglantine Rose, or Tree Sweetbriar.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, pedunculisque hispidis: floribus magnis, semi-duplicibus: foliis patentibus: foliolis ovatis, magnis, marginibus glandulosis: caule et petiolis aculeis rubris recurvis instructis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds and hispid peduncles: flowers large, and semi-double: leaves spreading: leaflets ovate, large, and glandular on the edges: the stem and petioles are furnished with prickles recurved and red.

This Eglantine Rose is the spontaneous effusion of nature in the nursery-ground of Mr. Williams of Turnham Green, who informs me that he found it on his premises in the year 1786, growing luxuriantly in the midst of a hedge of single Sweetbriars. Its growth is so rapid, that it will form shoots of seven and eight feet in one season; which joined to the largeness of its flowers and foliage, induced us to adopt the specific appellation of major, a title by which we think it may (at present) be distinguished from any other, as the largest Sweetbriar we have as yet seen is certainly altogether in size a minor, when compared with this fine plant. Seeds, but not freely, and is propagated (slowly) by layers.{112}

{113}

## ROSA Eglanteria, multiplex.
Double Eglantine Rose, or Williams’s Sweetbriar.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis, pedunculisque hispidis et glandulosis: floribus multipetalis: foliolis ovatis, glandulosis, et pilosis: caule et petiolis aculeatis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, and peduncles hispid and glandular: flowers of many petals: leaflets ovate, glandular, and hairy: stem and petioles prickly.

Of all the fragrant-leaved Roses, this is certainly the finest, and for which we are indebted to Mr. Williams, who discovered it in his nursery about 23 years ago, growing promiscuously in the same Sweetbriar-bush with the Eglanteria major; and although found vegetating at the same time, and under the same auspices, yet is its character altogether very different; this being as slow in growth as the other is quick. It is the only Eglantine Rose at present known with perfectly double flowers, and is with difficulty increased by layers, which are a long time in forming a root; and the seeds, which it very rarely ripens, remain in the ground a long time dormant.{114}

{115}

## ROSA gracilis.
Slender Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus sub-globosis: pedunculis leviter hispidis, gracilibus: floribus multipetalis, imbricatis, equalibus, incarnatis. Caulis glaber, flexibilis: aculeis sparsis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with nearly round seed-buds, and peduncles slightly hispid and slender: flowers of many petals, imbricated, equal, and flesh-coloured. Stem smooth and flexible: spines scattered.

This delicate Rose was raised about the year 1796 by Mr. Shailer, nurseryman, of Little Chelsea. It is as yet so little known, that a dwarf variety of the Province is frequently sold for it; a mistake most probably owing to its being commonly called amongst cultivators Shailer’s Province Rose: but it certainly bears most resemblance to the Rosa Indica, and is, as far as we can understand, a hybrid production between the two species; and if so, it might come under the description of variety only. But, whilst nature produces such distinct and beautiful varieties, specific titles can only be regarded as a variation of terms. It makes a most graceful appearance, from the drooping of its branches and nodding of its flowers, whose close and numerous petals are too heavy for its weak and slender stem to support. It appears to be a Rose calculated to train against a trellis to great advantage. It is as hardy as most Roses, and is increased (but not easily) by layers. Flowers during the months of June and July.{116}

{117}

## ROSA ferox.
Fierce or Hedge-Hog Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus globosis, pedunculisque glabris: foliis quadrijugis, cum folio terminali: foliolis ovatis, rugosis, serratis: petiolis aculeatis: caule aculeis numerosis rectis albicantibus armato.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with round seed-buds and smooth peduncles: leaves composed of four pairs, with a terminal leaf: leaflets ovate, wrinkled, and serrate: footstalks prickly: stem armed with numerous straight whitish thorns.

Of this distinct species of Rose we can gain but little information, as it is not enumerated in Willdenow, at least not under our specific title; but we are inclined to think his Rosa rugosa is meant for it, as the description accords exactly with our figure. It is well known to cultivators by the specific appellation of ferox,—we have therefore retained it; although hystrix would have been a much better specific title, as it seems by nature formed to be admired at a distance, from the numerous large thorns with which the stem is surrounded, that appear calculated to express the old adage of ‘Noli me tangere.’

Our drawing was made from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brame, in the month of June.{118}

{119}

## ROSA glabra.
Smooth Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa germinibus ovatis: pedunculis et petiolis hispidis: floribus multipetalis, equalibus: foliis glabris: foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, serratis: caule glabro, sub-inermi.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with egg-shaped seed-buds: peduncles and footstalks hispid: flowers with many petals and equal: leaves smooth: leaflets oblong, pointed, and sawed: stem smooth, nearly without thorns.

This Rose was introduced to this country from Holland about the year 1802. The only title we have heard given to it by cultivators is Double Thornless White Rose,—an appellation certainly not very descriptive of the plant; for, although it is thornless on the upper part, yet at the base of the stem it is thorny. The flowers are sometimes white, but we have oftener seen them tinged with a pale pinky colour. In size and shape they are like the Burgundy Rose, and in the foliage they resemble the Rosa moschata, but are very distinct from either, and altogether very different from any species with which we are at present acquainted. It is slow of increase, as are all the distinctly new Roses we have hitherto met with, which probably is (for a time) a genuine trait of their originality. Our figure is from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, in the month of June 1808.{120}

{121}

## ROSA lurida.
Lurid Rose.

### CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

Rosa paniculis multifloris: germinibus globosis: foliis patentibus: foliolis sub-glaucis, ovato-acuminatis, serratis: caule glabro purpureo, pulvere violaceo tecto: aculeis paucis et recurvis.

### SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Rose with many-flowered panicles: seed-buds globular: leaves spreading: leaflets nearly glaucous, ovate-pointed, and sawed: stem smooth and purple, covered with a violet-coloured powder: prickles few and recurved.

This elegant Rose is said to be a native of Switzerland, and sent from thence by Dr. Messear, about the year 1803, to the gardens of Isaac Swainson, esq. at Twickenham; whence our figure was taken. It is not, we believe, at present in any other collection in this kingdom. It has so perfect an air of novelty, that amongst the numerous Roses daily ycleped new, this is one of the very very few to which a separate and distinct character may justly be applied. Flowers during the months of June and July, is of rapid growth, and forms a tall and bushy shrub.{122}

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROSES: OR, A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ROSA ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE

## THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

> This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.