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    Begin file 3 of 11:  D and E.  (Version 0.50) of
              An electronic field-marked version of:

             Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                     Version published 1913
                   by the  C. & G. Merriam Co.
                       Springfield, Mass.
                     Under the direction of
                    Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

       This electronic version was prepared by MICRA, Inc. of Plainfield, NJ.
       Last edit February 11, 1999.

       MICRA, Inc. makes no proprietary claims on this version of the
    1913 Webster dictionary.  If the original printed edition of the
    1913 Webster is in the public domain, this version may also be
    considered as public domain.

        This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors, including errors in the field-marks.  Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a more accurate and useful state will be greatly appreciated.
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<! p. 364 !>

D.

D (d) 1. The fourth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. The English letter is from Latin, which is from Greek, which took it from Phœnician, the probable ultimate origin being Egyptian. It is related most nearly to t and th; as, Eng. deep, G. tief; Eng. daughter, G. tochter, Gr. qyga`thr, Skr. duhitr. See Guide to Pronunciation, √178, 179, 229.

2. (Mus.) The nominal of the second tone in the model major scale (that in C), or of the fourth tone in the relative minor scale of C (that in A minor), or of the key tone in the relative minor of F.

3. As a numeral D stands for 500. in this use it is not the initial of any word, or even strictly a letter, but one half of the sign &?; (or &?; ) the original Tuscan numeral for 1000.

Dab (db), n. [Perh. corrupted fr. adept.] A skillful hand; a dabster; an expert. [Colloq.]

> One excels at a plan or the titlepage, another works away at the body of the book, and the third is a dab at an index.

Goldsmith.

Dab, n. [Perh. so named from its quickness in diving beneath the sand. Cf. Dabchick.] (Zoöl.) A name given to several species of flounders, esp. to the European species, Pleuronectes limanda. The American rough dab is Hippoglossoides platessoides.

Dab (db), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dabbed (dbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dabbing.] [OE. dabben to strice; akin to OD. dabben to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble, and perh. to G. tappen to grope.] 1. To strike or touch gently, as with a soft or moist substance; to tap; hence, to besmear with a dabber.

> A sore should . . . be wiped . . . only by dabbing it over with fine lint.

S. Sharp.

2. To strike by a thrust; to hit with a sudden blow or thrust. "To dab him in the neck." Sir T. More.

Dab (?), n. 1. A gentle blow with the hand or some soft substance; a sudden blow or hit; a peck.

> A scratch of her claw, a dab of her beak.

Hawthorne.

2. A small mass of anything soft or moist.

Dabb (db), n. (Zoöl.) A large, spine-tailed lizard (Uromastix spinipes), found in Egypt, Arabia, and Palestine; -- called also dhobb, and dhubb.

Dab"ber (db"br), n. That with which one dabs; hence, a pad or other device used by printers, engravers, etc., as for dabbing type or engraved plates with ink.

Dab"ble (db"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dabbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Dabbling (-b'lng).] [Freq. of dab: cf. OD. dabbelen.] To wet by little dips or strokes; to spatter; to sprinkle; to moisten; to wet. "Bright hair dabbled in blood." Shak.

Dab"ble, v. i. 1. To play in water, as with the hands; to paddle or splash in mud or water.

> Where the duck dabbles 'mid the rustling sedge.

Wordsworth.

2. To work in slight or superficial manner; to do in a small way; to tamper; to meddle. "Dabbling here and there with the text." Atterbury.

> During the first year at Dumfries, Burns for the first time began to dabble in politics.

J. C. Shairp.

Dab"bler (db"blr), n. 1. One who dabbles.

2. One who dips slightly into anything; a superficial meddler. "our dabblers in politics." Swift.

Dab"bling*ly (?), adv. In a dabbling manner.

Dab"chick` (db"chk`), n. [For dabchick. See Dap, Dip, cf. Dipchick.] (Zoöl.) A small water bird (Podilymbus podiceps), allied to the grebes, remarkable for its quickness in diving; -- called also dapchick, dobchick, dipchick, didapper, dobber, devil-diver, hell-diver, and pied- billed grebe.

||Da*boi"a (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large and highly venomous Asiatic viper (Daboia xanthica).

Dab"ster, n. [Cf. Dab an expert.] One who is skilled; a master of his business; a proficient; an adept. [Colloq.]

Sometimes improperly used for dabbler; as, "I am but a dabster with gentle art."

||Da`ca"po (?). [It., from [the] head or beginning.] (Mus.) From the beginning; a direction to return to, and end with, the first strain; -- indicated by the letters D. C. Also, the strain so repeated.

Dace (?), n. [Written also dare, dart, fr. F. dard dase, dart, of German origin. Dace is for an older darce, fr. an OF. nom. darz. See Dart a javelin.] (Zoöl.) A small European cyprinoid fish (Squalius leuciscus or Leuciscus vulgaris); -- called also dare.

In America the name is given to several related fishes of the genera Squalius, Minnilus, etc. The black-nosed dace is Rhinichthys atronasus the horned dace is Semotilus corporalis. For red dace, see Redfin.

||Dachs"hund` (?), n. [G., from dachs badger + hund dog.] (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small dogs with short crooked legs, and long body; -- called also badger dog. There are two kinds, the rough-haired and the smooth-haired.

Da"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Dacia or the Dacians. -- n. A native of ancient Dacia.

Da*coit" (d*koit"), n. [Hind. akait, kyat.] One of a class of robbers, in India, who act in gangs.

Da*coit"y (?), n. The practice of gang robbery in India; robbery committed by dacoits.

Da*co"tahs (?), n. pl.; sing. Dacotan (&?;). (Ethnol.) Same as Dacotas. Longfellow.

Dac"tyl (?), n. [L. dactylus, Gr. da`ktylos a finger, a dactyl. Cf. Digit.] 1. (Pros.) A poetical foot of three sylables (— ), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; as, L. tëgmn, E. mer\b6ciful; -- so called from the similarity of its arrangement to that of the joints of a finger. [Written also dactyle.]

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A finger or toe; a digit. (b) The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.

Dac"tyl*ar (?), a. 1. Pertaining to dactyl; dactylic.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a finger or toe, or to the claw of an insect crustacean.

Dac"tyl*et (?), n. [Dactyl + &?;et.] A dactyl. [Obs.]

Dac*tyl"ic (?), a. [L. dactylicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;.] Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; as, dactylic verses.

Dac*tyl"ic, n. 1. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; as, these lines are dactylics.

2. pl. Dactylic meters.

Dac*tyl"i*o*glyph (dk*tl"**glf), n. [Gr. daktyliogly`fos an engraver of gems; dakty`lios finger ring (fr. da`ktylos finger) + gly`fein to engrave.] (Fine Arts) (a) An engraver of gems for rings and other ornaments. (b) The inscription of the engraver's name on a finger ring or gem.

Dac*tyl`i*og"ly*phy (?), n. The art or process of gem engraving.

Dac*tyl`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. dakty`lios finger ring + -graphy.] (Fine Arts) (a) The art of writing or engraving upon gems. (b) In general, the literature or history of the art.

Dac*tyl`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. dakty`lios finger ring + -logy.] (Fine Arts) (a) That branch of archæology which has to do with gem engraving. (b) That branch of archæology which has to do with finger rings.

Dac*tyl"i*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. dakty`lios + -mancy.] Divination by means of finger rings.

Dac"tyl*ist (?), n. A writer of dactylic verse.

||Dac`tyl*i"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. da`ktylos finger + -itis.] (Med.) An inflammatory affection of the fingers. Gross.

Dac`tyl*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. da`ktylos finger + -logy.] The art of communicating ideas by certain movements and positions of the fingers; -- a method of conversing practiced by the deaf and dumb.

There are two different manual alphabets, the one- hand alphabet (which was perfected by Abbé de l'Epée, who died in 1789), and the two-hand alphabet. The latter was probably based on the manual alphabet published by George Dalgarus of Aberdeen, in 1680. See Illustration in Appendix.

Dac*tyl"o*man`cy (?), n. Dactyliomancy. [R.] Am. Cyc.

Dac`tyl*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. da`ktylos finger + no`mos law, distribution.] The art of numbering or counting by the fingers.

Dac`tyl*op"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr. da`ktylos finger + &?; wing, fin.] (Zoöl.) Having the inferior rays of the pectoral fins partially or entirely free, as in the gurnards.

||Dac`ty*lo*the"ca (dk`t*l*th"k), n. [NL., fr. Gr. da`ktylos finger, toe + qh`kh case, box.] (Zoöl.) The scaly covering of the toes, as in birds.

Dac`tyl*o*zo"oid (dk`t*l*z"oid), n. [Gr. da`ktylos finger + E. zooid.] (Zoöl.) A kind of zooid of Siphonophora which has an elongated or even vermiform body, with one tentacle, but no mouth. See Siphonophora.

Dad (dd), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. daid, Gael. daidein, W. tad, OL. tata, Gr. ta`ta, te`tta, Skr. tta.] Father; -- a word sometimes used by children.

> I was never so bethumped with words,
> Since I first called my brother's father dad.

Shak.

Dad"dle (dd"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Daddled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Daddling.] [Prob. freq. of dade.] To toddle; to walk unsteadily, like a child or an old man; hence, to do anything slowly or feebly.

Dad"dock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. dad a large piece.] The rotten body of a tree. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Dad"dy (?), n. Diminutive of Dad. Dryden.

Dad"dy long"legs` (?). 1. (Zoöl.) An arachnidan of the genus Phalangium, and allied genera, having a small body and four pairs of long legs; -- called also harvestman, carter, and grandfather longlegs.

2. (Zoöl.) A name applied to many species of dipterous insects of the genus Tipula, and allied genera, with slender bodies, and very long, slender legs; the crane fly; -- called also father longlegs.

Dade (?), v. t. [Of. uncertain origin. Cf. Dandle, Daddle.] To hold up by leading strings or by the hand, as a child while he toddles. [Obs.]

> Little children when they learn to go
> By painful mothers daded to and fro.

Drayton.

Dade, v. i. To walk unsteadily, as a child in leading strings, or just learning to walk; to move slowly. [Obs.]

> No sooner taught to dade, but from their mother trip.

Drayton.

Da"do (?), n.; pl. Dadoes (#). [It. dado die, cube, pedestal; of the same origin as E. die, n. See Die, n.] (Arch.) (a) That part of a pedestal included between the base and the cornice (or surbase); the die. See Illust. of Column. Hence: (b) In any wall, that part of the basement included between the base and the base course. See Base course, under Base. (c) In interior decoration, the lower part of the wall of an apartment when adorned with moldings, or otherwise specially decorated.

{ Dæ"dal (?), Dæ*dal"ian (?) }, a. [L. daedalus cunningly wrought, fr. Gr. &?;; cf. &?; to work cunningly. The word also alludes to the mythical Dædalus (Gr. &?;, lit., the cunning worker).] 1. Cunningly or ingeniously formed or working; skillful; artistic; ingenious.

> Our bodies decked in our dædalian arms.

Chapman.

> The dædal hand of Nature.

J. Philips.

> The doth the dædal earth throw forth to thee,
> Out of her fruitful, abundant flowers.

Spenser.

2. Crafty; deceitful. [R.] Keats.

Dæd"a*lous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a variously cut or incised margin; -- said of leaves.

Dæ"mon (?), n., Dæ*mon"ic (&?;), a. See Demon, Demonic.

Daff (?), v. t. [Cf. Doff.] To cast aside; to put off; to doff. [Obs.]

> Canst thou so daff me? Thou hast killed my child.

Shak.

Daff, n. [See Daft.] A stupid, blockish fellow; a numskull. [Obs.] Chaucer.

<! p. 365 !>

Daff (df), v. i. To act foolishly; to be foolish or sportive; to toy. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Daff, v. t. To daunt. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Daf"fo*dil (df"f*dl), n. [OE. affodylle, prop., the asphodel, fr. LL. affodillus (cf. D. affodille or OF. asphodile, aphodille, F. asphodèle), L. asphodelus, fr. Gr. 'asfo`delos. The initial d in English is not satisfactorily explained. See Asphodel.] (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Asphodelus. (b) A plant of the genus Narcissus (N. Pseudo-narcissus). It has a bulbous root and beautiful flowers, usually of a yellow hue. Called also daffodilly, daffadilly, daffadowndilly, daffydowndilly, etc.

> With damask roses and daffadillies set.

Spenser.

> Strow me the ground with daffadowndillies,
> And cowslips, and kingcups, and loved lilies.

Spenser.

> A college gown
> That clad her like an April daffodilly.

Tennyson

> And chance-sown daffodil.

Whittier.

Daft (dft), a. [OE. daft, deft, deft, stupid; prob. the same word as E. deft. See Deft.] 1. Stupid; foolish; idiotic; also, delirious; insane; as, he has gone daft.

> Let us think no more of this daft business

Sir W. Scott.

2. Gay; playful; frolicsome. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Daft"ness, n. The quality of being daft.

Dag (dg), n. [Cf. F. dague, LL. daga, D. dagge (fr. French); all prob. fr. Celtic; Cf. Gael. dag a pistol, Armor. dag dagger, W. dager, dagr, Ir. daigear. Cf. Dagger.] 1. A dagger; a poniard. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. A large pistol formerly used. [Obs.]

> The Spaniards discharged their dags, and hurt some.

Foxe.

> A sort of pistol, called dag, was used about the same time as hand guns and harquebuts.

Grose.

3. (Zoöl.) The unbranched antler of a young deer.

Dag, n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. dagg, Icel. dögg. √71. See Dew.] A misty shower; dew. [Obs.]

Dag, n. [OE. dagge (cf. Dagger); or cf. AS. dg what is dangling.] A loose end; a dangling shred.

> Daglocks, clotted locks hanging in dags or jags at a sheep's tail.

Wedgwood.

Dag, v. t. [1, from Dag dew. 2, from Dag a loose end.] 1. To daggle or bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

2. To cut into jags or points; to slash; as, to dag a garment. [Obs.] Wright.

Dag, v. i. To be misty; to drizzle. [Prov. Eng.]

Dag"ger (-gr), n. [Cf. OE. daggen to pierce, F. daguer. See Dag a dagger.] 1. A short weapon used for stabbing. This is the general term: cf. Poniard, Stiletto, Bowie knife, Dirk, Misericorde, Anlace.

2. (Print.) A mark of reference in the form of a dagger [†]. It is the second in order when more than one reference occurs on a page; -- called also obelisk.

Dagger moth (Zoöl.), any moth of the genus Apatalea. The larvæ are often destructive to the foliage of fruit trees, etc. -- Dagger of lath, the wooden weapon given to the Vice in the old Moralities. Shak. -- Double dagger, a mark of reference [‡] which comes next in order after the dagger. -- To look, or speak, daggers, to look or speak fiercely or reproachfully.

Dag"ger, v. t. To pierce with a dagger; to stab. [Obs.]

Dag"ger, n. [Perh. from diagonal.] A timber placed diagonally in a ship's frame. Knight.

Dagges (dgz), n. pl. [OE. See Dag a loose end.] An ornamental cutting of the edges of garments, introduced about a. d. 1346, according to the Chronicles of St Albans. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Dag"gle (dg"g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daggled (-g'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Daggling (-glng).] [Freq. of dag, v. t., 1.] To trail, so as to wet or befoul; to make wet and limp; to moisten.

> The warrior's very plume, I say,
> Was daggled by the dashing spray.

Sir W. Scott.

Dag"gle, v. i. To run, go, or trail one's self through water, mud, or slush; to draggle.

> Nor, like a puppy [have I] daggled through the town.

Pope.

{ Dag"gle-tail` (dg"g'l-tl`), Dag"gle- tailed` (-tld`), } a. Having the lower ends of garments defiled by trailing in mire or filth; draggle- tailed.

Dag"gle-tail` (-tl`), n. A slovenly woman; a slattern; a draggle-tail.

Dag"lock` (-lk`), n. [Dag a loose end + lock.] A dirty or clotted lock of wool on a sheep; a taglock.

Da"go (d"g), n.; pl. Dagos (-gz). [Cf. Sp. Diego, E. James.] A nickname given to a person of Spanish (or, by extension, Portuguese or Italian) descent. [U. S.]

||Da*go"ba (d*g"b), n. [Singhalese dgoba.] A dome- shaped structure built over relics of Buddha or some Buddhist saint. [East Indies]

Da"gon (d"gn), [Heb. Dgon, fr. dag a fish: cf. Gr. Dagw`n.] The national god of the Philistines, represented with the face and hands and upper part of a man, and the tail of a fish. W. Smith.

> This day a solemn feast the people hold
> To Dagon, their sea idol.

Milton.

> They brought it into the house of Dagon.

1 Sam. v. 2.

Dag"on (dg"n), n. [See Dag a loose end.] A slip or piece. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dag"swain` (?), n. [From Dag a loose end?] A coarse woolen fabric made of daglocks, or the refuse of wool. "Under coverlets made of dagswain." Holinshed.

Dag"-tailed` (?), a. [Dag a loose end + tail.] Daggle-tailed; having the tail clogged with daglocks. "Dag-tailed sheep." Bp. Hall.

{ Da*guer"re*an (d*gr"*an), Da*guerre"i*an (?), } a. Pertaining to Daguerre, or to his invention of the daguerreotype.

Da*guerre"o*type (d*gr"*tp), n. [From Daguerre the inventor + - type.] 1. An early variety of photograph, produced on a silver plate, or copper plate covered with silver, and rendered sensitive by the action of iodine, or iodine and bromine, on which, after exposure in the camera, the latent image is developed by the vapor of mercury.

2. The process of taking such pictures.

Da*guerre"o*type (d*gr"*tp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daguerreotyped (-tpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Daguerreotyping (-t`png).] 1. To produce or represent by the daguerreotype process, as a picture.

2. To impress with great distinctness; to imprint; to imitate exactly.

{ Da*guerre"o*ty`per (?), Da*guerre"o*ty`pist (?), } n. One who takes daguerreotypes.

Da*guerre"o*ty`py (?), n. The art or process of producing pictures by method of Daguerre.

||Da`ha*be"ah (dä`h*b"), n. [Ar.] A Nile boat constructed on the model of a floating house, having large lateen sails.

Dah"lia (däl"y or dl"y; 277, 106), n.; pl. Dahlias (#). [Named after Andrew Dahl a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants native to Mexico and Central America, of the order Compositæ; also, any plant or flower of the genus. The numerous varieties of cultivated dahlias bear conspicuous flowers which differ in color.

Dah"lin (dä"ln), n. [From Dahlia.] (Chem.) A variety of starch extracted from the dahlia; -- called also inulin. See Inulin.

Dai"li*ness (?), n. Daily occurence. [R.]

Dai"ly (d"l), a. [AS. dæglc; dæg day + -lc like. See Day.] Happening, or belonging to, each successive day; diurnal; as, daily labor; a daily bulletin.

> Give us this day our daily bread.

Matt. vi. 11.

> Bunyan has told us . . . that in New England his dream was the daily subject of the conversation of thousands.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Daily, Diurnal. Daily is Anglo-Saxon, and diurnal is Latin. The former is used in reference to the ordinary concerns of life; as, daily wants, daily cares, daily employments. The latter is appropriated chiefly by astronomers to what belongs to the astronomical day; as, the diurnal revolution of the earth.

> Man hath his daily work of body or mind
> Appointed, which declares his dignity,
> And the regard of Heaven on all his ways.

Milton.

> Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound
> Within the visible diurnal sphere.

Milton.

Dai"ly, n.; pl. Dailies (&?;). A publication which appears regularly every day; as, the morning dailies.

Dai"ly, adv. Every day; day by day; as, a thing happens daily.

Dai"mi*o (?), n.; pl. Daimios (#). [Jap., fr. Chin. tai ming great name.] The title of the feudal nobles of Japan.

> The daimios, or territorial nobles, resided in Yedo and were divided into four classes.

Am. Cyc.

Daint (?), n. [See Dainty, n.] Something of exquisite taste; a dainty. [Obs.] -- a. Dainty. [Obs.]

> To cherish him with diets daint.

Spenser.

Dain"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daintified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Daintifying.] [Dainty + -fy.] To render dainty, delicate, or fastidious. "Daintified emotion." Sat. rev.

Dain"ti*ly, adv. In a dainty manner; nicely; scrupulously; fastidiously; deliciously; prettily.

Dain"ti*ness, n. The quality of being dainty; nicety; niceness; elegance; delicacy; deliciousness; fastidiousness; squeamishness.

> The daintiness and niceness of our captains

Hakluyt.

> More notorious for the daintiness of the provision . . . than for the massiveness of the dish.

Hakewill.

> The duke exeeded in the daintiness of his leg and foot, and the earl in the fine shape of his hands,

Sir H. Wotton.

Dain"trel (?), n. [From daint or dainty; cf. OF. daintier.] Adelicacy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Dain"ty (?), n.; pl. Dainties (#). [OE. deinie, dainte, deintie, deyntee, OF. deintié delicacy, orig., dignity, honor, fr. L. dignitas, fr. dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Dignity.] 1. Value; estimation; the gratification or pleasure taken in anything. [Obs.]

> I ne told no deyntee of her love.

Chaucer.

2. That which is delicious or delicate; a delicacy.

> That precious nectar may the taste renew
> Of Eden's dainties, by our parents lost.

Beau. & Fl.

3. A term of fondness. [Poetic] B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Dainty, Delicacy. These words are here compared as denoting articles of food. The term delicacy as applied to a nice article of any kind, and hence to articles of food which are particularly attractive. Dainty is stronger, and denotes some exquisite article of cookery. A hotel may be provided with all the delicacies of the season, and its table richly covered with dainties.

> These delicacies
> I mean of taste, sight, smell, herbs, fruits, and flowers,
> Walks and the melody of birds.

Milton.

> [A table] furnished plenteously with bread,
> And dainties, remnants of the last regale.

Cowper.

Dain"ty, a. [Compar. Daintier (?); superl. Daintiest.] 1. Rare; valuable; costly. [Obs.]

> Full many a deynté horse had he in stable.

Chaucer.

Hence the proverb "dainty maketh dearth," i. e., rarity makes a thing dear or precious.

2. Delicious to the palate; toothsome.

> Dainty bits
> Make rich the ribs.

Shak.

3. Nice; delicate; elegant, in form, manner, or breeding; well-formed; neat; tender.

> Those dainty limbs which nature lent
> For gentle usage and soft delicacy.

Milton.

> I would be the girdle.
> About her dainty, dainty waist.

Tennyson.

4. Requiring dainties. Hence: Overnice; hard to please; fastidious; squeamish; scrupulous; ceremonious.

> Thew were a fine and dainty people.

Bacon.

> And let us not be dainty of leave-taking,
> But shift away.

Shak.

To make dainty, to assume or affect delicacy or fastidiousness. [Obs.]

> Ah ha, my mistresses! which of you all
> Will now deny to dance? She that makes dainty,
> She, I'll swear, hath corns.

Shak.

Dai"ry (d"r), n.; pl. Dairies (-rz). [OE. deierie, from deie, daie, maid; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. deigja maid, dairymaid, Sw. deja, orig., a baking maid, fr. Icel. deig. √66. See Dough.] 1. The place, room, or house where milk is kept, and converted into butter or cheese.

> What stores my dairies and my folds contain.

Dryden.

2. That department of farming which is concerned in the production of milk, and its conversion into butter and cheese.

> Grounds were turned much in England either to feeding or dairy; and this advanced the trade of English butter.

Temple.

3. A dairy farm. [R.]

Dairy is much used adjectively or in combination; as, dairy farm, dairy countries, dairy house or dairyhouse, dairyroom, dairywork, etc.

Dai"ry*ing, n. The business of conducting a dairy.

Dai"ry*maid` (?), n. A female servant whose business is the care of the dairy.

Dai"ry*man (?), n.; pl. Dairymen (&?;). A man who keeps or takes care of a dairy.

Dai"ry*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Dairywomen (&?;). A woman who attends to a dairy.

Da"is (d"s), n. [OE. deis, des, table, dais, OF. deis table, F. dais a canopy, L. discus a quoit, a dish (from the shape), LL., table, fr. Gr. &?; a quoit, a dish. See Dish.] 1. The high or principal table, at the end of a hall, at which the chief guests were seated; also, the chief seat at the high table. [Obs.]

2. A platform slightly raised above the floor of a hall or large room, giving distinction to the table and seats placed upon it for the chief guests.

3. A canopy over the seat of a person of dignity. [Obs.] Shiply.

Dai"sied (?), a. Full of daisies; adorned with daisies. "The daisied green." Langhorne.

> The grass all deep and daisied.

G. Eliot.

Dai"sy (-z), n.; pl. Daisies (-zz). [OE. dayesye, AS. dæges-eáge day's eye, daisy. See Day, and Eye.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of low herbs (Bellis), belonging to the family Compositæ. The common English and classical daisy is B. perennis, which has a yellow disk and white or pinkish rays. (b) The whiteweed (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum), the plant commonly called daisy in North America; -- called also oxeye daisy. See Whiteweed.

The word daisy is also used for composite plants of other genera, as Erigeron, or fleabane.

Michaelmas daisy (Bot.), any plant of the genus Aster, of which there are many species. -- Oxeye daisy (Bot.), the whiteweed. See Daisy (b).

Dak (dk or däk), n. [Hind. k.] Post; mail; also, the mail or postal arrangements; -- spelt also dawk, and dauk. [India]

Dak boat, a mail boat. Percy Smith. -- Dak bungalow, a traveler's rest- house at the end of a dak stage. -- To travel by dak, to travel by relays of palanquins or other carriage, as fast as the post along a road.

{ Da"ker (?), Da"kir (?), } n. [See Dicker.] (O. Eng. & Scots Law) A measure of certain commodities by number, usually ten or twelve, but sometimes twenty; as, a daker of hides consisted of ten skins; a daker of gloves of ten pairs. Burrill.

Da"ker hen` (?). [Perh. fr. W. crecial the daker hen; crec a sharp noise (creg harsh, hoarse, crechian to scream) + iar hen; or cf. D. duiken to dive, plunge.] (Zoöl.) The corncrake or land rail.

Da*koit", n., Da*koit"y, n. See Dacoit, Dacoity.

Da*ko"ta group` (?). (Geol.) A subdivision at the base of the cretaceous formation in Western North America; -- so named from the region where the strata were first studied.

Da*ko"tas (?), n. pl.; sing. Dacota (&?;). (Ethnol.) An extensive race or stock of Indians, including many tribes, mostly dwelling west of the Mississippi River; -- also, in part, called Sioux. [Written also Dacotahs.]

||Dal (?), n. [Hind.] Split pulse, esp. of Cajanus Indicus. [East Indies]

Dale (?), n. [AS. dæl; akin to LG., D., Sw., Dan., OS., & Goth. dal, Icel. dalr, OHG. tal, G. thal, and perh. to Gr. qo`los a rotunda, Skr. dhra depth. Cf. Dell.] 1. A low place between hills; a vale or valley.

> Where mountaines rise, umbrageous dales descend.

Thomson.

2. A trough or spout to carry off water, as from a pump. Knight.

Dales"man (?), n.; pl. Dalesmen (&?;). One living in a dale; -- a term applied particularly to the inhabitants of the valleys in the north of England, Norway, etc. Macaulay.

Dalf (?), imp. of Delve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dal"li*ance (?), n. [From Dally.] 1. The act of dallying, trifling, or fondling; interchange of caresses; wanton play.

> Look thou be true, do not give dalliance
> Too much the rein.

Shak.

> O, the dalliance and the wit,
> The flattery and the strife!

Tennyson.

2. Delay or procrastination. Shak.

3. Entertaining discourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

<! p. 366 !>

Dal"li*er (?), n. One who fondles; a trifler; as, dalliers with pleasant words. Asham.

Dal"lop (dl"lp), n. [Etymol. unknown.] A tuft or clump. [Obs.] Tusser.

Dal"ly (-l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dallied (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Dallying.] [OE. dalien, dailien; cf. Icel. pylja to talk, G. dallen, dalen, dahlen, to trifle, talk nonsense, OSw. tule a droll or funny man; or AS. dol foolish, E. dull.] 1. To waste time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in idleness; to fool away time; to delay unnecessarily; to tarry; to trifle.

> We have trifled too long already; it is madness to dally any longer.

Calamy.

> We have put off God, and dallied with his grace.

Barrow.

2. To interchange caresses, especially with one of the opposite sex; to use fondling; to wanton; to sport.

> Not dallying with a brace of courtesans.

Shak.

> Our aerie . . . dallies with the wind.

Shak.

Dal"ly, v. t. To delay unnecessarily; to while away.

> Dallying off the time with often skirmishes.

Knolles.

||Dal*ma"ni*a (?), n. [From Dalman, the geologist.] (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites, of many species, common in the Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks.

||Dal`ma*ni"tes (?), n. Same as Dalmania.

Dal*ma"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Dalmatia.

Dalmatian dog (Zoöl.), a carriage dog, shaped like a pointer, and having black or bluish spots on a white ground; the coach dog.

Dal*mat"i*ca (?), n., Dal*mat"ic (&?;), n. [LL. dalmatica: cf. F. dalmatique.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A vestment with wide sleeves, and with two stripes, worn at Mass by deacons, and by bishops at pontifical Mass; -- imitated from a dress originally worn in Dalmatia.

2. A robe worn on state ocasions, as by English kings at their coronation.

||Dal` se"gno (?). [It., from the sign.] (Mus.) A direction to go back to the sign &?; and repeat from thence to the close. See Segno.

Dal*to"ni*an (?), n. One afflicted with color blindness.

Dal"ton*ism (?), n. Inability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, esp. red; color blindness. It has various forms and degrees. So called from the chemist Dalton, who had this infirmity. Nichol.

Dam (dm), n. [OE. dame mistress, lady; also, mother, dam. See Dame.] 1. A female parent; -- used of beasts, especially of quadrupeds; sometimes applied in contempt to a human mother.

> Our sire and dam, now confined to horses, are a relic of this age (13th century) . . . .Dame is used of a hen; we now make a great difference between dame and dam.

T. L. K. Oliphant.

> The dam runs lowing up and down,
> Looking the way her harmless young one went.

Shak.

2. A king or crowned piece in the game of draughts.

Dam, n. [Akin to OLG., D., & Dan. dam, G. & Sw. damm, Icel. dammr, and AS. fordemman to stop up, Goth. Faúrdammjan.] 1. A barrier to prevent the flow of a liquid; esp., a bank of earth, or wall of any kind, as of masonry or wood, built across a water course, to confine and keep back flowing water.

2. (Metal.) A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace.

Dam plate (Blast Furnace), an iron plate in front of the dam, to strengthen it.

Dam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dammed (dmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Damming.] 1. To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a dam; to confine by constructing a dam, as a stream of water; -- generally used with in or up.

> I'll have the current in this place dammed up.

Shak.

> A weight of earth that dams in the water.

Mortimer.

2. To shut up; to stop up; to close; to restrain.

> The strait pass was dammed
> With dead men hurt behind, and cowards.

Shak.

To dam out, to keep out by means of a dam.

Dam"age (dm"j; 48), n. [OF. damage, domage, F. dommage, fr. assumed LL. damnaticum, from L. damnum damage. See Damn.] 1. Injury or harm to person, property, or reputation; an inflicted loss of value; detriment; hurt; mischief.

> He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet and drinketh damage.

Prov. xxvi. 6.

> Great errors and absurdities many commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune.

Bacon.

2. pl. (Law) The estimated reparation in money for detriment or injury sustained; a compensation, recompense, or satisfaction to one party, for a wrong or injury actually done to him by another.

In common-law actions, the jury are the proper judges of damages.

Consequential damage. See under Consequential. -- Exemplary damages (Law), damages imposed by way of example to others. - - Nominal damages (Law), those given for a violation of a right where no actual loss has accrued. -- Vindictive damages, those given specially for the punishment of the wrongdoer.

Syn. -- Mischief; injury; harm; hurt; detriment; evil; ill. See Mischief.

Dam"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Damaging (?).] [Cf. OF. damagier, domagier. See Damage, n.] To occasion damage to the soundness, goodness, or value of; to hurt; to injure; to impair.

> He . . . came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside, with which he killed many of his men and damaged the ship.

Clarendon.

Dam"age (dm"j), v. i. To receive damage or harm; to be injured or impaired in soundness or value; as, some colors in cloth damage in sunlight.

Dam"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. damageable, F. dommageable for sense 2.] 1. Capable of being injured or impaired; liable to, or susceptible of, damage; as, a damageable cargo.

2. Hurtful; pernicious. [R.]

> That it be not damageable unto your royal majesty.

Hakluyt.

Dam"age fea`sant (?). [OF. damage + F. faisant doing, p. pr. See Feasible.] (Law) Doing injury; trespassing, as cattle. Blackstone.

Da"man (dä"mn), n. (Zoöl.) A small herbivorous mammal of the genus Hyrax. The species found in Palestine and Syria is Hyrax Syriacus; that of Northern Africa is H. Brucei; -- called also ashkoko, dassy, and rock rabbit. See Cony, and Hyrax.

Dam"ar (?), n. See Dammar.

Dam"as*cene (dm"as*sn), a. [L. Damascenus of Damascus, fr. Damascus the city, Gr. Damasko`s. See Damask, and cf. Damaskeen, Damaskin, Damson.] Of or relating to Damascus.

Dam"as*cene (dm"as*sn), n. A kind of plum, now called damson. See Damson.

Dam`as*cene" (dm`as*sn"), v. t. Same as Damask, or Damaskeen, v. t. "Damascened armor." Beaconsfield. "Cast and damascened steel." Ure.

Da*mas"cus (?), n. [L.] A city of Syria.

Damascus blade, a sword or scimiter, made chiefly at Damascus, having a variegated appearance of watering, and proverbial for excellence. -- Damascus iron, or Damascus twist, metal formed of thin bars or wires of iron and steel elaborately twisted and welded together; used for making gun barrels, etc., of high quality, in which the surface, when polished and acted upon by acid, has a damask appearance. -- Damascus steel. See Damask steel, under Damask, a.

Dam"ask (dm"ask), n. [From the city Damascus, L. Damascus, Gr. Damasko`s, Heb. Dammesq, Ar. Daemeshq; cf. Heb. d'meseq damask; cf. It. damasco, Sp. damasco, F. damas. Cf. Damascene, DamassÉ.] 1. Damask silk; silk woven with an elaborate pattern of flowers and the like. "A bed of ancient damask." W. Irving.

2. Linen so woven that a pattern in produced by the different directions of the thread, without contrast of color.

3. A heavy woolen or worsted stuff with a pattern woven in the same way as the linen damask; -- made for furniture covering and hangings.

4. Damask or Damascus steel; also, the peculiar markings or "water" of such steel.

5. A deep pink or rose color. Fairfax.

Dam"ask, a. 1. Pertaining to, or originating at, the city of Damascus; resembling the products or manufactures of Damascus.

2. Having the color of the damask rose.

> But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud,
> Feed on her damask cheek.

Shak.

Damask color, a deep rose-color like that of the damask rose. -- Damask plum, a small dark-colored plum, generally called damson. -- Damask rose (Bot.), a large, pink, hardy, and very fragrant variety of rose (Rosa damascena) from Damascus. "Damask roses have not been known in England above one hundred years." Bacon. -- Damask steel, or Damascus steel, steel of the kind originally made at Damascus, famous for its hardness, and its beautiful texture, ornamented with waving lines; especially, that which is inlaid with damaskeening; -- formerly much valued for sword blades, from its great flexibility and tenacity.

Dam"ask, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damasked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Damasking.] To decorate in a way peculiar to Damascus or attributed to Damascus; particularly: (a) with flowers and rich designs, as silk; (b) with inlaid lines of gold, etc., or with a peculiar marking or "water," as metal. See Damaskeen.

> Mingled metal damasked o'er with gold.

Dryde&?;.

> On the soft, downy bank, damasked with flowers.

Milton.

{ Dam"as*keen` (?), Dam"as*ken (?), } v. t. [F. damaschinare. See Damascene, v.] To decorate, as iron, steel, etc., with a peculiar marking or "water" produced in the process of manufacture, or with designs produced by inlaying or incrusting with another metal, as silver or gold, or by etching, etc., to damask.

> Damaskeening is is partly mosaic work, partly engraving, and partly carving.

Ure.

Dam"as*kin (?), n. [Cf. F. damasquin, adj., It. damaschino, Sp. damasquino. See Damaskeen.] A sword of Damask steel.

> No old Toledo blades or damaskins.

Howell (1641).

Da*mas*sé" (?), a. [F. damassé, fr. damas. See Damask.] Woven like damask. -- n. A damassé fabric, esp. one of linen.

Dam"as*sin (dm"as*sn), n. [F., fr. damas. See Damask.] A kind of modified damask or brocade.

Dam"bo*nite (-b*nt), n. [Cf. F. dambonite.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, sugary substance obtained from an African caoutchouc.

Dam"bose (dm"bs), n. (Chem.) A crystalline variety of fruit sugar obtained from dambonite.

Dame (dm), n. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam a mother, Dan, Danger, Dungeon, Dominie, Don, n., Duenna.] 1. A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a woman in authority; especially, a lady.

> Then shall these lords do vex me half so much,
> As that proud dame, the lord protector's wife.

Shak.

2. The mistress of a family in common life, or the mistress of a common school; as, a dame's school.

> In the dame's classes at the village school.

Emerson.

3. A woman in general, esp. an elderly woman.

4. A mother; -- applied to human beings and quadrupeds. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dame"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A cruciferrous plant (Hesperis matronalis), remarkable for its fragrance, especially toward the close of the day; -- called also rocket and dame's violet. Loudon.

Da`mi*a"na (?), n. [NL.; of uncertain origin.] (Med.) A Mexican drug, used as an aphrodisiac.

There are several varieties derived from different plants, esp. from a species of Turnera and from Bigelovia veneta. Wood & Bache.

Da"mi*an*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Damian, patriarch of Alexandria in the 6th century, who held heretical opinions on the doctrine of the Holy Trinity.

{ Dam"mar (?), Dam"ma*ra (?), } n. [Jav. & Malay. damar.] An oleoresin used in making varnishes; dammar gum; dammara resin. It is obtained from certain resin trees indigenous to the East Indies, esp. Shorea robusta and the dammar pine.

Dammar pine, (Bot.), a tree of the Moluccas (Agathis orientalis, or Dammara orientalis), yielding dammar.

Dam"ma*ra, n. (Bot.) A large tree of the order Coniferæ, indigenous to the East Indies and Australasia; -- called also Agathis. There are several species.

Damn (dm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Damned (dmd or dm"nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Damning (dm"ng or dm"nng).] [OE. damnen dampnen (with excrescent p), OF. damner, dampner, F. damner, fr. L. damnare, damnatum, to condemn, fr. damnum damage, a fine, penalty. Cf. Condemn, Damage.] 1. To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censure.

> He shall not live; look, with a spot I damn him.

Shak.

2. (Theol.) To doom to punishment in the future world; to consign to perdition; to curse.

3. To condemn as bad or displeasing, by open expression, as by denuciation, hissing, hooting, etc.

> You are not so arrant a critic as to damn them [the works of modern poets] . . . without hearing.

Pope.

> Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer,
> And without sneering teach the rest to sneer.

Pope.

Damn is sometimes used interjectionally, imperatively, and intensively.

Damn, v. i. To invoke damnation; to curse. "While I inwardly damn." Goldsmith.

Dam`na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being damnable; damnableness. Sir T. More.

Dam"na*ble (?), a. [L. damnabilis, fr. damnare: cf. F. damnable. See Damn.] 1. Liable to damnation; deserving, or for which one deserves, to be damned; of a damning nature.

> A creature unprepared unmeet for death,
> And to transport him in the mind he is,
> Were damnable.

Shak.

2. Odious; pernicious; detestable.

> Begin, murderer; . . . leave thy damnable faces.

Shak.

Dam"na*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of deserving damnation; execrableness.

> The damnableness of this most execrable impiety.

Prynne.

Dam"na*bly, adv. 1. In a manner to incur severe censure, condemnation, or punishment.

2. Odiously; detestably; excessively. [Low]

Dam*na"tion (?), n. [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See Damn.] 1. The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation.

2. (Theol.) Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or the punishment itself.

> How can ye escape the damnation of hell?

Matt. xxiii. 33.

> Wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation.

Shak.

3. A sin deserving of everlasting punishment. [R.]

> The deep damnation of his taking- off.

Shak.

Dam"na*to*ry (dm"n*t*r), a. [L. damnatorius, fr. damnator a condemner.] Dooming to damnation; condemnatory. "Damnatory invectives." Hallam.

Damned (?), a. 1. Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.

2. Hateful; detestable; abominable.

> But, O, what damned minutes tells he o'er
> Who doats, yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves.

Shak.

Dam*nif"ic (?), a. [L. damnificus; damnum damage, loss + facere to make. See Damn.] Procuring or causing loss; mischievous; injurious.

Dam`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. damnificatio.] That which causes damage or loss.

Dam"ni*fy (dm"n*f), v. t. [LL. damnificare, fr. L. damnificus: cf. OF. damnefier. See Damnific.] To cause loss or damage to; to injure; to impair. [R.]

> This work will ask as many more officials to make expurgations and expunctions, that the commonwealth of learning be not damnified.

Milton.

Damn"ing (?), a. That damns; damnable; as, damning evidence of guilt.

Damn"ing*ness, n. Tendency to bring damnation. "The damningness of them [sins]." Hammond.

||dam"num (?), n. [L.] (law) Harm; detriment, either to character or property.

<! p. 367 !>

{ Dam"o*sel (dm"*zl), Dam`o*sel"la (-zl"l), ||Da`moi`selle" (d`mwä`zl") }, n. See Damsel. [Archaic]

Dam"our*ite (dm"*t), n. [Ater the French chemist Damour.] (Min.) A kind of Muscovite, or potash mica, containing water.

Damp (dmp), n. [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. damp vapor, steam, fog, G. dampf, Icel. dampi, Sw. damb dust, and to MNG. dimpfen to smoke, imp. dampf.] 1. Moisture; humidity; fog; fogginess; vapor.

> Night . . . with black air
> Accompanied, with damps and dreadful gloom.

Milton.

2. Dejection; depression; cloud of the mind.

> Even now, while thus I stand blest in thy presence,
> A secret damp of grief comes o'er my soul.

Addison.

> It must have thrown a damp over your autumn excursion.

J. D. Forbes.

3. (Mining) A gaseous product, formed in coal mines, old wells, pints, etc.

Choke damp, a damp consisting principally of carbonic acid gas; -- so called from its extinguishing flame and animal life. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Damp sheet, a curtain in a mine gallery to direct air currents and prevent accumulation of gas. -- Fire damp, a damp consisting chiefly of light carbureted hydrogen; -- so called from its tendence to explode when mixed with atmospheric air and brought into contact with flame.

Damp (?), a. [Compar. Damper (?); superl. Dampest.] 1. Being in a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist; humid.

> O'erspread with a damp sweat and holy fear.

Dryden.

2. Dejected; depressed; sunk. [R.]

> All these and more came flocking, but with looks
> Downcast and damp.

Milton.

Damp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Damped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Damping.] [OE. dampen to choke, suffocate. See Damp, n.] 1. To render damp; to moisten; to make humid, or moderately wet; to dampen; as, to damp cloth.

2. To put out, as fire; to depress or deject; to deaden; to cloud; to check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make dull; to weaken; to discourage. "To damp your tender hopes." Akenside.

> Usury dulls and damps all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring if it were not for this slug.

Bacon.

> How many a day has been damped and darkened by an angry word!

Sir J. Lubbock.

> The failure of his enterprise damped the spirit of the soldiers.

Macaulay.

Damp"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dampened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dampening.] 1. To make damp or moist; to make slightly wet.

2. To depress; to check; to make dull; to lessen.

> In a way that considerably dampened our enthusiasm.

The Century.

Damp"en, v. i. To become damp; to deaden. Byron.

Damp"er (?), n. That which damps or checks; as: (a) A valve or movable plate in the flue or other part of a stove, furnace, etc., used to check or regulate the draught of air. (b) A contrivance, as in a pianoforte, to deaden vibrations; or, as in other pieces of mechanism, to check some action at a particular time.

> Nor did Sabrina's presence seem to act as any damper at the modest little festivities.

W. Black.

Damp"ish (?), a. Moderately damp or moist.

-- Damp"ish*ly, adv. -- Damp"ish*ness, n.

Damp"ne (?), v. t. To damn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Damp"ness, n. Moderate humidity; moisture; fogginess; moistness.

Damp" off` (?). To decay and perish through excessive moisture.

Damp"y (?), a. 1. Somewhat damp. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. Dejected; gloomy; sorrowful. [Obs.] "Dispel dampy throughts." Haywards.

Dam"sel (?), n. [OE. damosel, damesel, damisel, damsel, fr. OF. damoisele, damisele, gentlewoman, F. demoiselle young lady; cf. OF. damoisel young nobleman, F. damoiseau; fr. LL. domicella, dominicella, fem., domicellus, dominicellus, masc., dim. fr. L. domina, dominus. See Dame, and cf. Demoiselle, Doncella.] 1. A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle extraction; as, Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, Prince of Wales. [Obs.]

2. A young unmarried woman; a girl; a maiden.

> With her train of damsels she was gone,
> In shady walks the scorching heat to shun.

Dryden.

> Sometimes a troop of damsels glad, . . .
> Goes by to towered Camelot.

Tennyson.

3. (Milling) An attachment to a millstone spindle for shaking the hopper.

Dam"son (dm"z'n), n. [OE. damasin the Damascus plum, fr. L. Damascenus. See Damascene.] A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica; -- called also damask plum.

Dan (?), n. [OE. dan, danz, OF. danz (prop. only nom.), dan, master, fr. L. dominus. See Dame.] A title of honor equivalent to master, or sir. [Obs.]

> Old Dan Geoffry, in gently spright
> The pure wellhead of poetry did dwell.

Spenser.

> What time Dan Abraham left the Chaldee land.

Thomson.

Dan, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining) A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.

Da"na*ide (?), n. [From the mythical Danaides, who were condemned to fill with water a vessel full of holes.] (Mach.) A water wheel having a vertical axis, and an inner and outer tapering shell, between which are vanes or floats attached usually to both shells, but sometimes only to one.

Da"na*ite (?), n. [Named after J. Freeman Dana.] (Min.) A cobaltiferous variety of arsenopyrite.

Da"na*lite (?), n. [Named after James Dwight Dana.] (Min.) A mineral occuring in octahedral crystals, also massive, of a reddish color. It is a silicate of iron, zinc manganese, and glucinum, containing sulphur.

Dan"bu*rite (?), n. (Min.) A borosilicate of lime, first found at Danbury, Conn. It is near the topaz in form. Dana.

Dance (dns), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Danced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dancing.] [F. danser, fr. OHG. dansn to draw; akin to dinsan to draw, Goth. apinsan, and prob. from the same root (meaning to stretch) as E. thin. See Thin.] 1. To move with measured steps, or to a musical accompaniment; to go through, either alone or in company with others, with a regulated succession of movements, (commonly) to the sound of music; to trip or leap rhythmically.

> Jack shall pipe and Gill shall dance.

Wither.

> Good shepherd, what fair swain is this
> Which dances with your daughter?

Shak.

2. To move nimbly or merrily; to express pleasure by motion; to caper; to frisk; to skip about.

> Then, 'tis time to dance off.

Thackeray.

> More dances my rapt heart
> Than when I first my wedded mistress saw.

Shak.

> Shadows in the glassy waters dance.

Byron.

> Where rivulets dance their wayward round.

Wordsworth.

To dance on a rope, or To dance on nothing, to be hanged.

Dance (?), v. t. To cause to dance, or move nimbly or merrily about, or up and down; to dandle.

> To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind.

Shak.

> Thy grandsire loved thee well;
> Many a time he danced thee on his knee.

Shak.

To dance attendance, to come and go obsequiously; to be or remain in waiting, at the beck and call of another, with a view to please or gain favor.

> A man of his place, and so near our favor,
> To dance attendance on their lordships' pleasure.

Shak.

Dance, n. [F. danse, of German origin. See Dance, v. i.] 1. The leaping, tripping, or measured stepping of one who dances; an amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by art, in figures and in accord with music.

2. (Mus.) A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, etc.

The word dance was used ironically, by the older writers, of many proceedings besides dancing.

> Of remedies of love she knew parchance
> For of that art she couth the olde dance.

Chaucer.

Dance of Death (Art), an allegorical representation of the power of death over all, -- the old, the young, the high, and the low, being led by a dancing skeleton. -- Morris dance. See Morris. -- To lead one a dance, to cause one to go through a series of movements or experiences as if guided by a partner in a dance not understood.

Dan"cer (?), n. One who dances or who practices dancing.

The merry dancers, beams of the northern lights when they rise and fall alternately without any considerable change of length. See Aurora borealis, under Aurora.

Dan"cer*ess, n. A female dancer. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Dan`cet`té" (?), a. [Cf. F. danché dancetté, dent tooth.] (Her.) Deeply indented; having large teeth; thus, a fess dancetté has only three teeth in the whole width of the escutcheon.

Dan"cing (?), p. a. & vb. n. from Dance.

Dancing girl, one of the women in the East Indies whose profession is to dance in the temples, or for the amusement of spectators. There are various classes of dancing girls. -- Dancing master, a teacher of dancing. -- Dancing school, a school or place where dancing is taught.

Dan"cy (?), a. (Her.) Same as Dancetté.

Dan"de*li`on (?), n. [F. dent de lion lion's tooth, fr. L. dens tooth + leo lion. See Tooth, n., and Lion.] (Bot.) A well-known plant of the genus Taraxacum (T. officinale, formerly called T. Dens-leonis and Leontodos Taraxacum) bearing large, yellow, compound flowers, and deeply notched leaves.

Dan"der (?), n. [Corrupted from dandruff.] 1. Dandruff or scurf on the head.

2. Anger or vexation; rage. [Low] Halliwell.

Dan"der, v. i. [See Dandle.] To wander about; to saunter; to talk incoherently. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Dan"di (?), n. [Hind. ni, fr. n an oar.] A boatman; an oarsman. [India]

Dan"die (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small terriers; -- called also Dandie Dinmont.

Dan"di*fied (?), a. Made up like a dandy; having the dress or manners of a dandy; buckish.

Dan"di*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dandified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dandifying.] [Dandy + -fy.] To cause to resemble a dandy; to make dandyish.

Dan"di*prat (?), n. [Dandy + brat child.] 1. A little fellow; -- in sport or contempt. "A dandiprat hop-thumb." Stanyhurst.

2. A small coin.

> Henry VII. stamped a small coin called dandiprats.

Camden.

Dan"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dandled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dandling (?).] [Cf. G. dändeln to trifly, dandle, OD. & Prov. G. danten, G. tand trifly, prattle; Scot. dandill, dander, to go about idly, to trifly.] 1. To move up and down on one's knee or in one's arms, in affectionate play, as an infant.

> Ye shall be dandled . . . upon her knees.

Is.&?;

2. To treat with fondness, as if a child; to fondle; to toy with; to pet.

> They have put me in a silk gown and gaudy fool's cap; I as ashamed to be dandled thus.

Addison.

> The book, thus dandled into popularity by bishops and good ladies, contained many pieces of nursery eloquence.

Jeffrey.

3. To play with; to put off or delay by trifles; to wheedle. [Obs.]

> Captains do so dandle their doings, and dally in the service, as it they would not have the enemy subdued.

Spenser.

Dan"dler (dn"dlr), n. One who dandles or fondles.

Dan"driff (dn"drf), n. See Dandruff. Swift.

Dandruff (dn"drf), n. [Prob. from W. toncrust, peel, skin + AS. drf dirty, draffy, or W. drwg bad: cf. AS. tan a letter, an eruption. √240.] A scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or particles. [Written also dandriff.]

Dan"dy (dn"d), n.; pl. Dandies (-dz). [Cf. F. dandin, ninny, silly fellow, dandiner to waddle, to play the fool; prob. allied to E. dandle. Senses 2 & 3 are of uncertain etymol.] 1. One who affects special finery or gives undue attention to dress; a fop; a coxcomb.

2. (Naut.) (a) A sloop or cutter with a jigger on which a lugsail is set. (b) A small sail carried at or near the stern of small boats; -- called also jigger, and mizzen.

3. A dandy roller. See below.

Dandy brush, a yard whalebone brush. -- Dandy fever. See Dengue. -- Dandy line, a kind of fishing line to which are attached several crosspieces of whalebone which carry a hook at each end. -- Dandy roller, a roller sieve used in machines for making paper, to press out water from the pulp, and set the paper.

Dan"dy-cock` (&?;), n. masc., Dan"dy-hen` (&?;), n. fem. [See Dandy.] A bantam fowl.

Dan"dy*ish, a. Like a dandy.

Dan"dy*ism (?), n. The manners and dress of a dandy; foppishness. Byron.

Dan"dy*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make, or to act, like a dandy; to dandify.

Dan"dy*ling (?), n. [Dandy + -ling.] A little or insignificant dandy; a contemptible fop.

Dane (?), n. [LL. Dani: cf. AS. Dene.] A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark.

Great Dane. (Zoöl.) See Danish dog, under Danish.

{ Dane"geld` (?), Dane"gelt` (?) }, n. [AS. danegeld. See Dane, and Geld, n.] (Eng. Hist.) An annual tax formerly laid on the English nation to buy off the ravages of Danish invaders, or to maintain forces to oppose them. It afterward became a permanent tax, raised by an assessment, at first of one shilling, afterward of two shillings, upon every hide of land throughout the realm. Wharton's Law Dict. Tomlins.

Dane"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A fetid European species of elder (Sambucus Ebulus); dwarf elder; wallwort; elderwort; -- called also Daneweed, Dane's weed, and Dane's-blood. [Said to grow on spots where battles were fought against the Danes.]

Dang (?), imp. of Ding. [Obs.]

Dang, v. t. [Cf. Ding.] To dash. [Obs.]

> Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage,
> Danged down to hell her loathsome carriage.

Marlowe.

Dan"ger (?), n. [OE. danger, daunger, power, arrogance, refusal, difficulty, fr. OF. dagier, dongier (with same meaning), F. danger danger, fr. an assumed LL. dominiarium power, authority, from L. dominium power, property. See Dungeon, Domain, Dame.] 1. Authority; jurisdiction; control. [Obs.]

> In dangerhad he . . . the young girls.

Chaucer.

2. Power to harm; subjection or liability to penalty. [Obs.] See In one's danger, below.

> You stand within his danger, do you not?

Shak.

> Covetousness of gains hath brought [them] in dangerof this statute.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, or other evil; peril; risk; insecurity.

4. Difficulty; sparingness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Coyness; disdainful behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In one's danger, in one's power; liable to a penalty to be inflicted by him. [Obs.] This sense is retained in the proverb, "Out of debt out of danger."

> Those rich man in whose debt and danger they be not.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

-- To do danger, to cause danger. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy. -- Danger, Peril, Hazard, Risk, Jeopardy. Danger is the generic term, and implies some contingent evil in prospect. Peril is instant or impending danger; as, in peril of one's life. Hazard arises from something fortuitous or beyond our control; as, the hazard of the seas. Risk is doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred voluntarily; as, to risk an engagement. Jeopardy is extreme danger. Danger of a contagious disease; the perils of shipwreck; the hazards of speculation; the risk of daring enterprises; a life brought into jeopardy.

Dan"ger, v. t. To endanger. [Obs.] Shak.

Dan"ger*ful (?), a. Full of danger; dangerous. [Obs.] -- Dan"ger*ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] Udall.

Dan"ger*less, a. Free from danger. [R.]

Dan"ger*ous (?), a. [OE., haughty, difficult, dangerous, fr. OF. dangereus, F. dangereux. See Danger.] 1. Attended or beset with danger; full of risk; perilous; hazardous; unsafe.

> Our troops set forth to-morrow; stay with us;
> The ways are dangerous.

Shak.

> It is dangerous to assert a negative.

Macaulay.

2. Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury.

> If they incline to think you dangerous
> To less than gods.

Milton.

3. In a condition of danger, as from illness; threatened with death. [Colloq.] Forby. Bartlett.

4. Hard to suit; difficult to please. [Obs.]

> My wages ben full strait, and eke full small;
> My lord to me is hard and dangerous.

Chaucer.

5. Reserved; not affable. [Obs.] "Of his speech dangerous." Chaucer.

-- Dan"ger*ous*ly, adv. -- Dan"ger*ous*ness, n.

<! p. 368 !>

Dan"gle (d"g'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dangling (?).] [Akin to Dan. dangle, dial. Sw. dangla, Dan. dingle, Sw. dingla, Icel. dingla; perh. from E. ding.] To hang loosely, or with a swinging or jerking motion.

> He'd rather on a gibbet dangle
> Than miss his dear delight, to wrangle.

Hudibras.

> From her lifted hand
> Dangled a length of ribbon.

Tennyson.

To dangle about or after, to hang upon importunately; to court the favor of; to beset.

> The Presbyterians, and other fanatics that dangle after them,
> are well inclined to pull down the present establishment.

Swift.

Dan"gle (?), v. t. To cause to dangle; to swing, as something suspended loosely; as, to dangle the feet.

> And the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume.

Sir W. Scott.

Dan"gle*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A dark blue, edible berry with a white bloom, and its shrub (Gaylussacia frondosa) closely allied to the common huckleberry. The bush is also called blue tangle, and is found from New England to Kentucky, and southward.

Dan"gler (?), n. One who dangles about or after others, especially after women; a trifler. " Danglers at toilets." Burke.

Dan"i*el (?), n. A Hebrew prophet distinguished for sagacity and ripeness of judgment in youth; hence, a sagacious and upright judge.

> A Daniel come to judgment.

Shak.

Dan"ish (?), a. [See Dane.] Belonging to the Danes, or to their language or country. - - n. The language of the Danes.

Danish dog (Zoöl.), one of a large and powerful breed of dogs reared in Denmark; -- called also great Dane. See Illustration in Appendix.

Dan"ite (?), n. 1. A descendant of Dan; an Israelite of the tribe of Dan. Judges xiii. 2.

2. [So called in remembrance of the prophecy in Gen. xlix. 17, "Dan shall be a serpent by the way," etc.] One of a secret association of Mormons, bound by an oath to obey the heads of the church in all things. [U. S.]

Dank (?), a. [Cf. dial, Sw. dank a moist place in a field, Icel. dökk pit, pool; possibly akin to E. damp or to daggle dew.] Damp; moist; humid; wet.

> Now that the fields are dank and ways are mire.

Milton.

> Cheerless watches on the cold, dank ground.

Trench.

Dank, n. Moisture; humidity; water. [Obs.]

Dank, n. A small silver coin current in Persia.

Dank"ish, a. Somewhat dank. -- Dank"ish*ness, n.

> In a dark and dankish vault at home.

Shak.

Dan"ne*brog (?), n. The ancient battle standard of Denmark, bearing figures of cross and crown.

Order of Dannebrog, an ancient Danish order of knighthood.

||Dan`seuse" (?), n. [F., fr. danser to dance.] A professional female dancer; a woman who dances at a public exhibition as in a ballet.

Dansk (?), a. [Dan.] Danish. [Obs.]

Dansk"er (?), n. A Dane. [Obs.]

> Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris.

Shak.

Dan*te"an (?), a. Relating to, emanating from or resembling, the poet Dante or his writings.

Dan*tesque" (?), a. [Cf. It. Dantesco.] Dantelike; Dantean. Earle.

Da*nu"bi*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or bordering on, the river Danube.

Dap (dp), v. i. [Cf. Dip.] (Angling) To drop the bait gently on the surface of the water.

> To catch a club by dapping with a grasshoper.

Walton.

Da*pat"ic*al (?), a. [L. dapaticus, fr. daps feast.] Sumptuous in cheer. [Obs.] Bailey.

Daph"ne (?), n. [L., a laurel tree, from Gr. da`fnh.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of diminutive Shrubs, mostly evergreen, and with fragrant blossoms.

2. (Myth.) A nymph of Diana, fabled to have been changed into a laurel tree.

Daph"ne*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C9H6O4, extracted from daphnin.

||Daph"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of the genus Daphnia.

Daph"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. daphnine.] (Chem.) (a) A dark green bitter resin extracted from the mezereon (Daphne mezereum) and regarded as the essential principle of the plant. [R.] (b) A white, crystalline, bitter substance, regarded as a glucoside, and extracted from Daphne mezereum and D. alpina.

Daph"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. da`fnh the laurel + -mancy.] Divination by means of the laurel.

||Dap"i*fer (?), n. [L., daps a feast + ferre to bear.] One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a nobleman's household.

Dap"per (?), a. [OE. daper; prob. fr. D. dapper brave, valiant; akin to G. tapfer brave, OHG. taphar heavy, weighty, OSlav. dobr good, Russ. dobrui. Cf. Deft.] Little and active; spruce; trim; smart; neat in dress or appearance; lively.

> He wondered how so many provinces could be held in subjection by such a dapper little man.

Milton.

> The dapper ditties that I wont devise.

Spenser.

> Sharp-nosed, dapper steam yachts.

Julian Hawthorne.

Dap"per*ling (?), n. A dwarf; a dandiprat. [r.]

Dap"ple (?), n. [Cf. Icel. depill a spot, a dot, a dog with spots over the eyes, dapi a pool, and E. dimple.] One of the spots on a dappled animal.

> He has . . . as many eyes on his body as my gray mare hath dapples.

Sir P. Sidney.

{ Dap"ple (?), Dap"pled (?) }, a. Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; as, a dapple horse.

> Some dapple mists still floated along the peaks.

Sir W. Scott.

The word is used in composition to denote that some color is variegated or marked with spots; as, dapple-bay; dapple-gray.

> His steed was all dapple-gray.

Chaucer.

> O, swiftly can speed my dapple-gray steed.

Sir W. Scott.

Dap"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dappling.] To variegate with spots; to spot.

> The gentle day, . . .
> Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray.

Shak.

> The dappled pink and blushing rose.

Prior.

Dar"bies (?), n. pl. Manacles; handcuffs. [Cant]

> Jem Clink will fetch you the darbies.

Sir W. Scott.

In "The Steel Glass" by Gascoigne, printed in 1576, occurs the line "To binde such babes in father Derbies bands."

Dar"by (?), n. A plasterer's float, having two handles; -- used in smoothing ceilings, etc.

Dar"by*ite (?), n. One of the Plymouth Brethren, or of a sect among them; -- so called from John N. Darby, one of the leaders of the Brethren.

Dar*da"ni*an (?), a. & n.[From L. Dardania, poetic name of Troy.] Trojan.

Dare (?), v. i. [imp. Durst (?) or Dared (&?;); p. p. Dared; p. pr. & vb. n. Daring.] [OE. I dar, dear, I dare, imp. dorste, durste, AS. ic dear I dare, imp. dorste. inf. durran; akin to OS. gidar, gidorsta, gidurran, OHG. tar, torsta, turran, Goth. gadar, gadaúrsta, Gr. tharsei^n, tharrei^n, to be bold, tharsy`s bold, Skr. Dhrsh to be bold. √70.] To have adequate or sufficient courage for any purpose; to be bold or venturesome; not to be afraid; to venture.

> I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none.

Shak.

> Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Bacause they durst not, because they could not.

Macaulay.

> Who dared to sully her sweet love with suspicion.

Thackeray.

> The tie of party was stronger than the tie of blood, because a partisan was more ready to dare without asking why.

Jowett (Thu&?;yd.).

The present tense, I dare, is really an old past tense, so that the third person is he dare, but the form he dares is now often used, and will probably displace the obsolescent he dare, through grammatically as incorrect as he shalls or he cans. Skeat.

> The pore dar plede (the poor man dare plead).

P. Plowman.

> You know one dare not discover you.

Dryden.

> The fellow dares not deceive me.

Shak.

> Here boldly spread thy hands, no venom'd weed
> Dares blister them, no slimy snail dare creep.

Beau. & Fl.

Formerly durst was also used as the present. Sometimes the old form dare is found for durst or dared.

Dare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dared; p. pr. & vb. n. Daring.] 1. To have courage for; to attempt courageously; to venture to do or to undertake.

> What high concentration of steady feeling makes men dare every thing and do anything?

Bagehot.

> To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes.

The Century.

2. To challenge; to provoke; to defy.

> Time, I dare thee to discover
> Such a youth and such a lover.

Dryden.

Dare, n. 1. The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness; dash. [R.]

> It lends a luster . . .
> A large dare to our great enterprise.

Shak.

2. Defiance; challenge.

> Childish, unworthy dares
> Are not enought to part our powers.

Chapman.

> Sextus Pompeius
> Hath given the dare to Cæsar.

Shak.

Dare, v. i. [OE. darien, to lie hidden, be timid.] To lurk; to lie hid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dare, v. t. To terrify; to daunt. [Obs.]

> For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs,
> Would dare a woman.

Beau. & Fl.

To dare larks, to catch them by producing terror through to use of mirrors, scarlet cloth, a hawk, etc., so that they lie still till a net is thrown over them. Nares.

Dare, n. [See Dace.] (Zoöl.) A small fish; the dace.

Dare"-dev`il (?), n. A reckless fellow. Also used adjectively; as, dare-devil excitement.

> A humorous dare-devil -- the very man
> To suit my prpose.

Ld. Lytton.

Dare"-dev`il*try (?), n; pl. Dare-deviltries (&?;). Reckless mischief; the action of a dare-devil.

Dare"ful (?), a. Full of daring or of defiance; adventurous. [R.] Shak.

Dar"er (?), n. One who dares or defies.

{ Darg, Dargue (?) }, n. [Scot., contr. fr. day work.] A day's work; also, a fixed amount of work, whether more or less than that of a day. [Local, Eng. & Scot.]

Dar"ic (dr"k), n. [Gr. dareiko`s, of Persian origin.] 1. (Antiq.) (a) A gold coin of ancient Persia, weighing usually a little more than 128 grains, and bearing on one side the figure of an archer. (b) A silver coin of about 86 grains, having the figure of an archer, and hence, in modern times, called a daric.

2. Any very pure gold coin.

Dar"ing (?), n. Boldness; fearlessness; adventurousness; also, a daring act.

Dar"ing, a. Bold; fearless; adventurous; as, daring spirits. -- Dar"ing*ly, adv. -- Dar"ing*ness, n.

Dark (därk), a. [OE. dark, derk, deork, AS. dearc, deorc; cf. Gael. & Ir. dorch, dorcha, dark, black, dusky.] 1. Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving, reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some deep shade of color; not light-colored; as, a dark room; a dark day; dark cloth; dark paint; a dark complexion.

> O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon,
> Irrecoverably dark, total eclipse
> Without all hope of day!

Milton.

> In the dark and silent grave.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Not clear to the understanding; not easily seen through; obscure; mysterious; hidden.

> The dark problems of existence.

Shairp.

> What may seem dark at the first, will afterward be found more plain.

Hooker.

> What's your dark meaning, mouse, of this light word?

Shak.

3. Destitute of knowledge and culture; in moral or intellectual darkness; unrefined; ignorant.

> The age wherein he lived was dark, but he
> Could not want light who taught the world to see.

Denhan.

> The tenth century used to be reckoned by mediæval historians as the darkest part of this intellectual night.

Hallam.

4. Evincing black or foul traits of character; vile; wicked; atrocious; as, a dark villain; a dark deed.

> Left him at large to his own dark designs.

Milton.

5. Foreboding evil; gloomy; jealous; suspicious.

> More dark and dark our woes.

Shak.

> A deep melancholy took possesion of him, and gave a dark tinge to all his views of human nature.

Macaulay.

> There is, in every true woman-s heart, a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity.

W. Irving.

6. Deprived of sight; blind. [Obs.]

> He was, I think, at this time quite dark, and so had been for some years.

Evelyn.

Dark is sometimes used to qualify another adjective; as, dark blue, dark green, and sometimes it forms the first part of a compound; as, dark-haired, dark-eyed, dark-colored, dark-seated, dark-working.

A dark horse, in racing or politics, a horse or a candidate whose chances of success are not known, and whose capabilities have not been made the subject of general comment or of wagers. [Colloq.] -- Dark house, Dark room, a house or room in which madmen were confined. [Obs.] Shak. -- Dark lantern. See Lantern. -- The Dark Ages, a period of stagnation and obscurity in literature and art, lasting, according to Hallam, nearly 1000 years, from about 500 to about 1500 A. D.. See Middle Ages, under Middle. -- The Dark and Bloody Ground, a phrase applied to the State of Kentucky, and said to be the significance of its name, in allusion to the frequent wars that were waged there between Indians. -- The dark day, a day (May 19, 1780) when a remarkable and unexplained darkness extended over all New England. -- To keep dark, to reveal nothing. [Low]

Dark (?), n. 1. Absence of light; darkness; obscurity; a place where there is little or no light.

> Here stood he in the dark, his sharp sword out.

Shak.

2. The condition of ignorance; gloom; secrecy.

> Look, what you do, you do it still i' th' dark.

Shak.

> Till we perceive by our own understandings, we are as much in the dark, and as void of knowledge, as before.

Locke.

3. (Fine Arts) A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the like; as, the light and darks are well contrasted.

> The lights may serve for a repose to the darks, and the darks to the lights.

Dryden.

Dark, v. t. To darken; to obscure. [Obs.] Milton.

Dark"en (därk"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Darkened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Darkening (-n*ng).] [AS. deorcian. See Dark, a.] 1. To make dark or black; to deprive of light; to obscure; as, a darkened room.

> They [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened.

Ex. x. 15.

> So spake the Sovran Voice; and clouds began
> To darken all the hill.

Milton.

2. To render dim; to deprive of vision.

> Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see.

Rom. xi. 10.

3. To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible.

> Such was his wisdom that his confidence did seldom darkenhis foresight.

Bacon.

> Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?

Job. xxxviii. 2.

4. To cast a gloom upon.

> With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not
> The mirth of the feast.

Shak.

5. To make foul; to sully; to tarnish.

> I must not think there are
> Evils enough to darken all his goodness.

Shak.

Dark"en, v. i. To grow or darker.

Dark"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, darkens.

Dark"en*ing, n. Twilight; gloaming. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright.

Dark"ful (?), a. Full of darkness. [Obs.]

Dark"ish (?), a. Somewhat dark; dusky.

Dar"kle (?), v. i. [Freq. of dark.] To grow dark; to show indistinctly. Thackeray.

Dark"ling (?), adv. [Dark + the adverbial suffix -ling.] In the dark. [Poetic]

> So, out went the candle, and we were left darkling.

Shak.

> As the wakeful bird
> Sings darkling.

Milton.

Dark"ling, p. pr. & a. 1. Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.

> His honest brows darkling as he looked towards me.

Thackeray.

2. Dark; gloomy. "The darkling precipice." Moore.

Dark"ly, adv. 1. With imperfect light, clearness, or knowledge; obscurely; dimly; blindly; uncertainly.

> What fame to future times conveys but darkly down.

Dryden.

> so softly dark and darkly pure.

Byron.

2. With a dark, gloomy, cruel, or menacing look.

> Looking darkly at the clerguman.

Hawthorne.

Dark"ness, n. 1. The absence of light; blackness; obscurity; gloom.

> And darkness was upon the face of the deep.

Gen. i. 2.

2. A state of privacy; secrecy.

> What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light.

Matt. x. 27.

3. A state of ignorance or error, especially on moral or religious subjects; hence, wickedness; impurity.

> Men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.

John. iii. 19.

> Pursue these sons of darkness: drive them out
> From all heaven's bounds.

Milton.

4. Want of clearness or perspicuity; obscurity; as, the darkness of a subject, or of a discussion.

5. A state of distress or trouble.

> A day of clouds and of thick darkness.

Joel. ii. 2.

<! p. 369 !>

Prince of darkness, the Devil; Satan. "In the power of the Prince of darkness." Locke.

Syn. -- Darkness, Dimness, Obscurity, Gloom. Darkness arises from a total, and dimness from a partial, want of light. A thing is obscure when so overclouded or covered as not to be easily perceived. As tha shade or obscurity increases, it deepens into gloom. What is dark is hidden from view; what is obscure is difficult to perceive or penetrate; the eye becomes dim with age; an impending storm fills the atmosphere with gloom. When taken figuratively, these words have a like use; as, the darkness of ignorance; dimness of discernment; obscurity of reasoning; gloom of superstition.

Dark"some (?), a. Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless. [Poetic]

> He brought him through a darksome narrow pass
> To a broad gate, all built of beaten gold.

Spenser.

Dark"y (?), n. A negro. [Sleng]

Dar"ling (?), n. [OE. derling, deorling, AS. deórling; deóre dear + -ling. See Dear, and -ling.] One dearly beloved; a favorite.

> And can do naught but wail her darling's loss.

Shak.

Dar"ling, a. Dearly beloved; regarded with especial kindness and tenderness; favorite. "Some darling science." I. Watts. "Darling sin." Macaulay.

||Dar`ling*to"ni*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Dr. William Darlington, a botanist of West Chester, Penn.] (Bot.) A genus of California pitcher plants consisting of a single species. The long tubular leaves are hooded at the top, and frequently contain many insects drowned in the secretion of the leaves.

Darn (därn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Darned (därnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Darning.] [OE. derne, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. darnio to piece, break in pieces, W. & Arm. to E. tear. Cf. Tear, v. t.] To mend as a rent or hole, with interlacing stitches of yarn or thread by means of a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread.

> He spent every day ten hours in his closet, in darning his stockings.

Swift.

Darning last. See under Last. -- Darning needle. (a) A long, strong needle for mending holes or rents, especially in stockings. (b) (Zoöl.) Any species of dragon fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle. These flies are harmless and without stings. [In this sense, usually written with a hyphen.] Called also devil's darning- needle.

Darn, n. A place mended by darning.

Darn, v. t. A colloquial euphemism for Damn.

Dar"nel (?), n. [OE. darnel, dernel, of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F. darnelle, Sw. dår-repe; perh. named from a supposed intoxicating quality of the plant, and akin to Sw. dåra to infatuate, OD. door foolish, G. thor fool, and Ee. dizzy.] (Bot.) Any grass of the genus Lolium, esp. the Lolium temulentum (bearded darnel), the grains of which have been reputed poisonous. Other species, as Lolium perenne (rye grass or ray grass), and its variety L. Italicum (Italian rye grass), are highly esteemed for pasture and for making hay.

Under darnel our early herbalists comprehended all kinds of cornfield weeds. Dr. Prior.

Darn"er (?), n. One who mends by darning.

{ Dar"nex (?), Dar"nic (?), } n. Same as Dornick.

||Da*roo" (d*r"), n. (Bot.) The Egyptian sycamore (Ficus Sycamorus). See Sycamore.

Darr (dr), n. (Zoöl.) The European black tern.

{ Dar"raign, Dar"rain, } (?), v. t. [OF. deraisnier to explain, defend, to maintain in legal action by proof and reasonings, LL. derationare; de- + rationare to discourse, contend in law, fr. L. ratio reason, in LL., legal cause. Cf. Arraign, and see Reason.] 1. To make ready to fight; to array. [Obs.]

> Darrain your battle, for they are at hand.

Shak.

2. To fight out; to contest; to decide by combat. [Obs.] "To darrain the battle." Chaucer .

Dar"rein, a. [OF. darrein, darrain, fr. an assumed LL. deretranus; L. de + retro back, backward.] (Law) Last; as, darrein continuance, the last continuance.

Dart (?), n. [OF. dart, of German origin; cf. OHG. tart javelin, dart, AS. dara&?;, daro&?;, Sw. dart dagger, Icel. darra&?;r dart.] 1. A pointed missile weapon, intended to be thrown by the hand; a short lance; a javelin; hence, any sharp-pointed missile weapon, as an arrow.

> And he [Joab] took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom.

2 Sa. xviii. 14.

2. Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a dart.

> The artful inquiry, whose venomed dart
> Scarce wounds the hearing while it stabs the heart.

Hannan More.

3. A spear set as a prize in running. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Zoöl.) A fish; the dace. See Dace.

Dart sac (Zoöl.), a sac connected with the reproductive organs of land snails, which contains a dart, or arrowlike structure.

Dart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Darted; p. pr. & vb. n. Darting.] 1. To throw with a sudden effort or thrust, as a dart or other missile weapon; to hurl or launch.

2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send forth; to emit; to shoot; as, the sun darts forth his beams.

> Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart?

Pope.

Dart, v. i. 1. To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart.

2. To start and run with velocity; to shoot rapidly along; as, the deer darted from the thicket.

Dar"tars (?), n. [F. dartre eruption, dandruff. √240.] A kind of scab or ulceration on the skin of lambs.

Dart"er (?), n. 1. One who darts, or who throw darts; that which darts.

2. (Zoöl.) The snakebird, a water bird of the genus Plotus; -- so called because it darts out its long, snakelike neck at its prey. See Snakebird.

3. (Zoöl.) A small fresh-water etheostomoid fish. The group includes numerous genera and species, all of them American. See Etheostomoid.

Dart"ing*ly (?), adv. Like a dart; rapidly.

Dar"tle (?), v. t. & i. To pierce or shoot through; to dart repeatedly: -- frequentative of dart.

> My star that dartles the red and the blue.

R. Browning.

Dar*to"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the dartos.

Dar"toid (?), a. [Dartos + - oid.] (Anat.) Like the dartos; dartoic; as, dartoid tissue.

||Dar"tos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; flayed.] (Anat.) A thin layer of peculiar contractile tissue directly beneath the skin of the scrotum.

Dar"trous (?), a. [F. dartreux. See Dartars.] (Med.) Relating to, or partaking of the nature of, the disease called tetter; herpetic.

Dartrous diathesis, A morbid condition of the system predisposing to the development of certain skin diseases, such as eczema, psoriasis, and pityriasis. Also called rheumic diathesis, and herpetism. Piffard.

Dar*win"i*an (?), a. [From the name of Charles Darwin, an English scientist.] Pertaining to Darwin; as, the Darwinian theory, a theory of the manner and cause of the supposed development of living things from certain original forms or elements.

This theory was put forth by Darwin in 1859 in a work entitled "The Origin of species by Means of Natural Selection." The author argues that, in the struggle for existence, those plants and creatures best fitted to the requirements of the situation in which they are placed are the ones that will live; in other words, that Nature selects those which are to survive. This is the theory of natural selection or the survival of the fittest. He also argues that natural selection is capable of modifying and producing organisms fit for their circumstances. See Development theory, under Development.

Dar*win"i*an, n. An advocate of Darwinism.

Dar*win"i*an*ism (?), n. Darwinism.

Dar"win*ism (?), n. (Biol.) The theory or doctrines put forth by Darwin. See above. Huxley.

Dase (dz), v. t. See Daze. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dase"we (?), v. i. [OE. dasewen, daswen; cf. AS. dysegian to be foolish.] To become dim-sighted; to become dazed or dazzled. [Obs.] Chauscer.

Dash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dashing.] [Of. Scand. origin; cf. Dan daske to beat, strike, Sw. & Icel. daska, Dan. & Sw. dask blow.] 1. To throw with violence or haste; to cause to strike violently or hastily; -- often used with against.

> If you dash a stone against a stone in the botton of the water, it maketh a sound.

Bacon.

2. To break, as by throwing or by collision; to shatter; to crust; to frustrate; to ruin.

> Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.

Ps. ii. 9.

> A brave vessel, . . .
> Dashed all to pieces.

Shak.

> To perplex and dash
> Maturest counsels.

Milton.

3. To put to shame; to confound; to confuse; to abash; to depress. South.

> Dash the proud gamester in his gilded car.

Pope.

4. To throw in or on in a rapid, careless manner; to mix, reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality; to overspread partially; to bespatter; to touch here and there; as, to dash wine with water; to dash paint upon a picture.

> I take care to dash the character with such particular circumstance as may prevent ill-natured applications.

Addison.

> The very source and fount of day
> Is dashed with wandering isles of night.

Tennyson.

5. To form or sketch rapidly or carelessly; to execute rapidly, or with careless haste; -- with off; as, to dash off a review or sermon.

6. To erase by a stroke; to strike out; knock out; -- with out; as, to dash out a word.

Dash, v. i. To rush with violence; to move impetuously; to strike violently; as, the waves dash upon rocks.

> [He] dashed through thick and thin.

Dryden.

> On each hand the gushing waters play,
> And down the rough cascade all dashing fall.

Thomson.

Dash, n. 1. Violent striking together of two bodies; collision; crash.

2. A sudden check; abashment; frustration; ruin; as, his hopes received a dash.

3. A slight admixture, infusion, or adulteration; a partial overspreading; as, wine with a dash of water; red with a dash of purple.

> Innocence when it has in it a dash of folly.

Addison.

4. A rapid movement, esp. one of short duration; a quick stroke or blow; a sudden onset or rush; as, a bold dash at the enemy; a dash of rain.

> She takes upon her bravely at first dash.

Shak.

5. Energy in style or action; animation; spirit.

6. A vain show; a blustering parade; a flourish; as, to make or cut a great dash. [Low]

7. (Punctuation) A mark or line [--], in writing or printing, denoting a sudden break, stop, or transition in a sentence, or an abrupt change in its construction, a long or significant pause, or an unexpected or epigrammatic turn of sentiment. Dashes are also sometimes used instead of marks or parenthesis. John Wilson.

8. (Mus.) (a) The sign of staccato, a small mark [&?;] denoting that the note over which it is placed is to be performed in a short, distinct manner. (b) The line drawn through a figure in the thorough bass, as a direction to raise the interval a semitone.

9. (Racing) A short, spirited effort or trial of speed upon a race course; -- used in horse racing, when a single trial constitutes the race.

Dash"board` (dsh"brd`), n. 1. A board placed on the fore part of a carriage, sleigh, or other vehicle, to intercept water, mud, or snow, thrown up by the heels of the horses; -- in England commonly called splashboard.

2. (Naut.) (a) The float of a paddle wheel. (b) A screen at the bow af a steam launch to keep off the spray; -- called also sprayboard.

Dash"er (dsh"r), n. 1. That which dashes or agitates; as, the dasher of a churn.

2. A dashboard or splashboard. [U. S.]

3. One who makes an ostentatious parade. [Low]

Dash"ing, a. Bold; spirited; showy.

> The dashing and daring spirit is preferable to the listless.

T. Campbell.

Dash"ing*ly, adv. Conspicuously; showily. [Colloq.]

> A dashingly dressed gentleman.

Hawthorne.

Dash"ism (-z'm), n. The character of making ostentatious or blustering parade or show. [R. & Colloq.]

> He must fight a duel before his claim to . . . dashism can be universally allowed.

V. Knox.

Dash"pot` (?), n. (Mach.) A pneumatic or hydraulic cushion for a falling weight, as in the valve gear of a steam engine, to prevent shock.

It consists of a chamber, containing air or a liquid, in which a piston (a), attached to the weight, falls freely until it enters a space (as below the openings, b) from which the air or liquid can escape but slowly (as through cock c), when its fall is gradually checked.

A cataract of an engine is sometimes called a dashpot.

Dash"y (?), a. [From Dash.] Calculated to arrest attention; ostentatiously fashionable; showy. [Colloq.]

Das"tard (?), n. [Prob. from Icel. dæstr exhausted. breathless, p. p. of dæsa to groan, lose one's breath; cf. dasask to become exhausted, and E. daze.] One who meanly shrinks from danger; an arrant coward; a poltroon.

> You are all recreants and dashtards, and delight to live in slavery to the nobility.

Shak.

Das"tard, a. Meanly shrinking from danger; cowardly; dastardly. "Their dastard souls." Addison.

Das"tard, v. t. To dastardize. [R.] Dryden.

Das"tard*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dastardized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dastardizing.] To make cowardly; to intimidate; to dispirit; as, to dastardize my courage. Dryden.

Das"tard*li*ness (?), n. The quality of being dastardly; cowardice; base fear.

Das"tard*ly, a. Meanly timid; cowardly; base; as, a dastardly outrage.

Das"tard*ness, n. Dastardliness.

Das"tard*y (?), n. Base timidity; cowardliness.

Das"we (?), v. i. See Dasewe [Obs.] Chaucer.

Da*sym"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. dasy`s rough, thick + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for testing the density of gases, consisting of a thin glass globe, which is weighed in the gas or gases, and then in an atmosphere of known density.

Das`y*pæ"dal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Dasypædic.

||Das`y*pæ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. dasy`s hairy, shaggy + &?;, &?;, a child.] (Zoöl.) Those birds whose young are covered with down when hatched.

Das`y*pæ"dic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Dasypædes; ptilopædic.

Das"y*ure (ds"*r), n. [Gr. dasy`s thick, shaggy + o'yra` tail: cf. F. dasyure.] (Zoöl.) A carnivorous marsupial quadruped of Australia, belonging to the genus Dasyurus. There are several species.

Das`y*u"rine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or like, the dasyures.

||Da"ta (?), n. pl. [L. pl. of datum.] See Datum.

Dat"a*ble (?), a. That may be dated; having a known or ascertainable date. "Datable almost to a year." The Century.

||Da*ta"ri*a (?), n. [LL., fr. L. datum given.] (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, a part of the Roman chancery; now, a separate office from which are sent graces or favors, cognizable in foro externo, such as appointments to benefices. The name is derived from the word datum, given or dated (with the indications of the time and place of granting the gift or favor).

Da"ta*ry (?), n. [LL. datarius. See Dataria.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) An officer in the pope's court, having charge of the Dataria.

2. The office or employment of a datary.

Date, n.[F. datte, L. dactylus, fr. Gr. &?;, prob. not the same word as da`ktylos finger, but of Semitic origin.] (Bot.) The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself.

This fruit is somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft pulp, sweet, esculent, and wholesome, and inclosing a hard kernel.

Date palm, or Date tree (Bot.), the genus of palms which bear dates, of which common species is Phœnix dactylifera. See Illust. -- Date plum (Bot.), the fruit of several species of Diospyros, including the American and Japanese persimmons, and the European lotus (D. Lotus). -- Date shell, or Date fish (Zoöl.), a bivalve shell, or its inhabitant, of the genus Pholas, and allied genera. See Pholas.

<! p. 370 !>

Date (?), n. [F. date, LL. data, fr. L. datus given, p. p. of dare to give; akin to Gr. &?;, OSlaw. dati, Skr. d. Cf. Datum, Dose, Dato, Die.] 1. That addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (as day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, or executed, or made; as, the date of a letter, of a will, of a deed, of a coin. etc.

> And bonds without a date, they say, are void.

Dryden.

2. The point of time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time; epoch; as, the date of a battle.

> He at once,
> Down the long series of eventful time,
> So fixed the dates of being, so disposed
> To every living soul of every kind
> The field of motion, and the hour of rest.

Akenside.

3. Assigned end; conclusion. [R.]

> What Time would spare, from Steel receives its date.

Pope.

4. Given or assigned length of life; dyration. [Obs.]

> Good luck prolonged hath thy date.

Spenser.

> Through his life's whole date.

Chapman.

To bear date, to have the date named on the face of it; -- said of a writing.

Date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dating.] [Cf. F. dater. See 2d Date.] 1. To note the time of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution; as, to date a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter.

2. To note or fix the time of, as of an event; to give the date of; as, to date the building of the pyramids.

We may say dated at or from a place.

> The letter is dated at Philadephia.

G. T. Curtis.

> You will be suprised, I don't question, to find among your correspondencies in foreign parts, a letter dated from Blois.

Addison.

> In the countries of his jornal seems to have been written; parts of it are dated from them.

M. Arnold.

Date, v. i. To have beginning; to begin; to be dated or reckoned; -- with from.

> The Batavian republic dates from the successes of the French arms.

E. Everett.

Date"less, a. Without date; having no fixed time.

Dat"er (?), n. One who dates.

Da*tis"cin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline glucoside extracted from the bastard hemp (Datisca cannabina).

Da"tive (?), a. [L. dativus appropriate to giving, fr. dare to give. See 2d Date.] 1. (Gram.) Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter object, and is generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective.

2. (Law) (a) In one's gift; capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure, as an office. (b) Removable, as distinguished from perpetual; -- said of an officer. (c) Given by a magistrate, as distinguished from being cast upon a party by the law. Burril. Bouvier.

Dative executor, one appointed by the judge of probate, his office answering to that of an administrator.

Da"tive, n. [L. dativus.] The dative case. See Dative, a., 1.

Da"tive*ly, adv. As a gift. [R.]

Dat"o*lite (?), n. [From. Gr. &?; to divide + -lite; in allusion to the granular structure of a massive variety.] (Min.) A borosilicate of lime commonly occuring in glassy,, greenish crystals. [Written also datholite.]

||Da"tum (?), n.; pl. Data (#). [L. See 2d Date.] 1. Something given or admitted; a fact or principle granted; that upon which an inference or an argument is based; -- used chiefly in the plural.

> Any writer, therefore, who . . . furnishes us with data sufficient to determine the time in which he wrote.

Priestley.

2. pl. (Math.) The quantities or relations which are assumed to be given in any problem.

Datum line (Surv.), the horizontal or base line, from which the heights of points are reckoned or measured, as in the plan of a railway, etc.

||Da*tu"ra (?), n. [NL.; cf. Skr. dhattra, Per. & Ar. tatra, Tatla.] (Bot.) A genus of solanaceous plants, with large funnel-shaped flowers and a four-celled, capsular fruit.

The commonest species are the thorn apple (D. stramonium), with a prickly capsule (see Illust. of capsule), white flowers and green stem, and D. tatula, with a purplish tinge of the stem and flowers. Both are narcotic and dangerously poisonous.

Da*tu"rine (?), n. [From Datura.] (Chem.) Atropine; -- called also daturia and daturina.

Daub (db), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daubed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Daubing.] [OE. dauben to smear, OF. dauber to plaster, fr. L. dealbare to whitewash, plaster; de- + albare to whiten, fr. albus white, perh. also confused with W. dwb plaster, dwbio to plaster, Ir. & OGael. dob plaster. See Alb, and cf. Dealbate.] 1. To smear with soft, adhesive matter, as pitch, slime, mud, etc.; to plaster; to bedaub; to besmear.

> She took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch.

Ex. ii. 3.

2. To paint in a coarse or unskillful manner.

> If a picture is daubed with many bright and glaring colors, the vulgar admire it is an excellent piece.

I. Watts.

> A lame, imperfect piece, rudely daubed over.

Dryden.

3. To cover with a specious or deceitful exterior; to disguise; to conceal.

> So smooth he daubed his vice with show of virtue.

Shak.

4. To flatter excessively or glossy. [R.]

> I can safely say, however, that, without any daubing at all,
> I am very sincerely your very affectionate, humble servant.

Smollett.

5. To put on without taste; to deck gaudily. [R.]

> Let him be daubed with lace.

Dryden.

Daub (?), v. i. To smear; to play the flatterer.

> His conscience . . . will not daub nor flatter.

South.

Daub, n. 1. A viscous, sticky application; a spot smeared or daubed; a smear.

2. (Paint.) A picture coarsely executed.

> Did you . . . take a look at the grand picture? . . . 'T is a melancholy daub, my lord.

Sterne.

Daub"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful painter.

2. (Copperplate Print.) A pad or ball of rags, covered over with canvas, for inking plates; a dabber.

3. A low and gross flatterer.

4. (Zoöl.) The mud wasp; the mud dauber.

{ Daub"er*y (?), or Daub"ry (?) }, n. A daubing; specious coloring; false pretenses.

> She works by charms, by spells, by the figure, and such daubery as this is.

Shak.

Daub"ing, n. 1. The act of one who daubs; that which is daubed.

2. A rough coat of mortar put upon a wall to give it the appearance of stone; rough-cast.

3. In currying, a mixture of fish oil and tallow worked into leather; -- called also dubbing. Knight.

Dau"bree*lite (?), n. [From Daubrée, a French mineralogist.] (Min.) A sulphide of chromium observed in some meteoric irons.

Daub"y (?), a. Smeary; viscous; glutinous; adhesive. "Dauby wax."

Daugh"ter (?), n.; pl. Daughters (#); obs. pl. Daughtren (#). [OE. doughter, doghter, dohter, AS. dohtor, dohter; akin to OS. dohtar, D. dochter, G. tochter, Icel. dttir, Sw. dotter, Dan. dotter, datter, Goth. daúhtar,, OSlav. dshti, Russ. doche, Lith. dukt, Gr. qyga`thr, Zend. dughdhar, Skr. duhit; possibly originally, the milker, cf. Skr. duh to milk. √68, 245.] 1. The female offspring of the human species; a female child of any age; -- applied also to the lower animals.

2. A female descendant; a woman.

> This woman, being a daughter of Abraham.

Luke xiii. 16.

> Dinah, the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughter of the land.

Gen. xxxiv. 1.

3. A son's wife; a daughter-in-law.

> And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters.

Ruth. i. 11.

4. A term of address indicating parental interest.

> Daughter, be of good comfort.

Matt. ix. 22.

Daughter cell (Biol.), one of the cells formed by cell division. See Cell division, under Division.

Daugh"ter-in-law` (?), n.; pl. Daughters-in-law. The wife of one's son.

Daugh"ter*li*ness (?), n. The state of a daughter, or the conduct becoming a daughter.

Daugh"ter*ly, a. Becoming a daughter; filial.

> Sir Thomas liked her natural and dear daughterly affection towards him.

Cavendish.

Dauk (?), v. t. See Dawk, v. t., to cut or gush.

Daun (?), n. A variant of Dan, a title of honor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Daunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Daunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Daunting.] [OF. danter, F. dompter to tame, subdue, fr. L. domitare, v. intens. of domare to tame. See Tame.] 1. To overcome; to conquer. [Obs.]

2. To repress or subdue the courage of; to check by fear of danger; to cow; to intimidate; to dishearten.

> Some presences daunt and discourage us.

Glanvill.

Syn. -- To dismay; appall. See Dismay.

Daunt"er (?), n. One who daunts.

Daunt"less, a. Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.

> Dauntless he rose, and to the fight returned.

Dryden.

-- Daunt"less*ly, adv. -- Daunt"less*ness, n.

Dau"phin (?), n. [F. dauphin, prop., a dolphin, from L. delphinus. See Dolphin. The name was given, for some reason unexplained, to Guigo, count of Vienne, in the 12th century, and was borne by succeeding counts of Vienne. In 1349, Dauphiny was bequeathed to Philippe de Valois, king of France, on condition that the heir of the crown should always hold the title of Dauphin de Viennois.] The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been discontinued.

{ Dau"phin*ess (?), or Dau"phine (?) }, n. The title of the wife of the dauphin.

||Dauw (?), n. [D.] (Zoöl.) The striped quagga, or Burchell's zebra, of South Africa (Asinus Burchellii); -- called also peechi, or peetsi.

Dav"en*port (?), n. [From the name of the original maker. Encyc. Dict.] A kind of small writing table, generally somewhat ornamental, and forming a piece of furniture for the parlor or boudoir.

> A much battered davenport in one of the windows, at which sat a lady writing.

A. B. Edwards.

Da*vid"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to David, the king and psalmist of Israel, or to his family.

Dav"it (?), n. [Cf. F. davier forceps, davit, cooper's instrument, G. david davit; all probably from the proper name David.] (Naut.) (a) A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; -- called also the fish davit. (b) pl. Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side of stern, having tackle to raise or lower a boat, swing it in on deck, rig it out for lowering, etc.; -- called also boat davits. Totten.

Da"vy Jones" (?). The spirit of the sea; sea devil; -- a term used by sailors.

> This same Davy Jones, according to the mythology of sailors, is the fiend that presides over all the evil spirits of the deep, and is seen in various shapes warning the devoted wretch of death and woe.

Smollett.

Davy Jones's Locker, the ocean, or bottom of the ocean. -- Gone to Davy Jones's Locker, dead, and buried in the sea; thrown overboard.

Da"vy lamp` (?). See Safety lamp, under Lamp.

Da"vyne (?), n. [See Davyum.] (Min.) A variety of nephelite from Vesuvius.

Da"vy*um (?), n. [Named after Sir Humphry Davy, the English chemist.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element found in platinum ore. It is a white malleable substance. Symbol Da. Atomic weight 154.

Daw (d), n. [OE. dawe; akin to OHG. tha, MHG. the, thele, G. dohle. Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.) A European bird of the Crow family (Corvus monedula), often nesting in church towers and ruins; a jackdaw.

> The loud daw, his throat
> displaying, draws
> The whole assembly of his fellow daws.

Waller.

The daw was reckoned as a silly bird, and a daw meant a simpleton. See in Shakespeare: -- "Then thou dwellest with daws too." (Coriolanus iv. 5, 1. 47.) Skeat.

Daw, v. i. [OE. dawen. See Dawn.] To dawn. [Obs.] See Dawn. Drayton.

Daw, v. t. [Contr. fr. Adaw.] 1. To rouse. [Obs.]

2. To daunt; to terrify. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Daw"dle (d"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dawdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dawdling (?).] [Cf. Daddle.] To waste time in trifling employment; to trifle; to saunter.

> Come some evening and dawdle over a dish of tea with me.

Johnson.

> We . . . dawdle up and down Pall Mall.

Thackeray.

Daw"dle, v. t. To waste by trifling; as, to dawdle away a whole morning.

Daw"dle, n. A dawdler. Colman & Carrick.

Daw"dler (?), n. One who wastes time in trifling employments; an idler; a trifler.

Dawe (?), n. [See Day.] Day. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Daw"ish (?), a. Like a daw.

||Dawk (?), n. See Dak.

Dawk, v. t. [Prov. E. dauk to cut or pierce with a jerk; cf. OE. dalk a dimple. Cf. Ir. tolch, tollachd, tolladh, a hole, crevice, toll to bore, pierce, W. tyllu.] To cut or mark with an incision; to gash. Moxon.

Dawk, n. A hollow, crack, or cut, in timber. Moxon.

Dawn (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dawning.] [OE. dawnen, dawen, dagen, daien, AS. dagian to become day, to dawn, fr. dæg day; akin to D. dagen, G. tagen, Icel. daga, Dan. dages, Sw. dagas. See Day. √71.] 1. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to break, or begin to appear; as, the day dawns; the morning dawns.

> In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene . . . to see the sepulcher.

Matt. xxviii. 1.

2. To began to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand. "In dawning youth." Dryden.

> When life awakes, and dawns at every line.

Pope.

> Dawn on our darkness and lend us thine aid.

Heber,

Dawn, n. 1. The break of day; the first appearance of light in the morning; show of approaching sunrise.

> And oft at dawn, deep noon, or falling eve.

Thomson.

> No sun, no moon, no morn, no noon,
> No dawn, no dusk, no proper time of day.

Hood.

2. First opening or expansion; first appearance; beginning; rise. "The dawn of time." Thomson.

> These tender circumstances diffuse a dawn of serenity over the soul.

Pope.

Daw"son*ite (?), n. [Named after J. W. Dawson of Montreal.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of alumina and soda, occuring in white, bladed crustals.

Day (?), n. [OE. day, dai,, dei, AS. dæg; akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. dag, G, tag, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags; cf. Skr. dah (for dhagh ?) to burn. √69. Cf. Dawn.] 1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to darkness; hence, the light; sunshine.

2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. -- ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured by the interval between two successive transits of a celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day, below.

3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by usage or law for work.

4. A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time.

> A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

> If my debtors do not keep their day, . . .
> I must with patience all the terms attend.

Dryden.

5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of contest, some anniversary, etc.

> The field of Agincourt,
> Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus.

Shak.

> His name struck fear, his conduct won the day.

Roscommon.

Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as, daybreak, daylight, workday, etc.

<! p. 371 !>

Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n. -- Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day, as that most used by astronomers. -- Born days. See under Born. -- Canicular days. See Dog day. -- Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight. -- Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia. -- Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day; continually; without intermission of a day. See under By. "Day by day we magnify thee." Book of Common Prayer. -- Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench, or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. Burrill. - - Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a suit. -- Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. Shipley. -- Days of grace. See Grace. -- Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. Shipley. -- Day owl, (Zoöl.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl. -- Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished) allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go beyond the prison limits for a single day. -- Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in distinction from a boarding school. -- Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia. -- Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon. -- From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as, he improves from day to day. -- Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset. -- Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the apparent solar days of the year. -- One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well, niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband." Shak. -- Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance; temporarily. Bacon. -- Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time. -- To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. S. Butler. -- Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day. -- Working day. (a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction from Sundays and legal holidays. (b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom, during which a workman, hired at a stated price per day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.

Day"aks (d"ks), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Dyaks.

Day"book` (d"bk`), n. A journal of accounts; a primary record book in which are recorded the debts and credits, or accounts of the day, in their order, and from which they are transferred to the journal.

Day"break` (d"brk`), n. The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.

Day"-coal` (d"kl`), n. (Mining) The upper stratum of coal, as nearest the light or surface.

Day"dream` (-drm`), n. A vain fancy speculation; a reverie; a castle in the air; unfounded hope.

> Mrs. Lambert's little daydream was over.

Thackeray.

Day"dream`er (?), n. One given to daydreams.

Day"flow`er (-flou`r), n. (Bot.) A genus consisting mostly of tropical perennial herbs (Commelina), having ephemeral flowers.

Day"fly` (d"fl`), n. (Zoöl.) A neuropterous insect of the genus Ephemera and related genera, of many species, and inhabiting fresh water in the larval state; the ephemeral fly; -- so called because it commonly lives but one day in the winged or adult state. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.

Day"-la`bor (?), n. Labor hired or performed by the day. Milton.

Day"-la`bor*er (?), n. One who works by the day; -- usually applied to a farm laborer, or to a workman who does not work at any particular trade. Goldsmith.

Day"light` (-lt), n. 1. The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.

2. pl. The eyes. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Day" lil`y (ll`). (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants (Hemerocallis) closely resembling true lilies, but having tuberous rootstocks instead of bulbs. The common species have long narrow leaves and either yellow or tawny-orange flowers. (b) A genus of plants (Funkia) differing from the last in having ovate veiny leaves, and large white or blue flowers.

Day"maid` (-md`), n. A dairymaid. [Obs.]

Day"mare` (d"mâr`), n. [Day + mare incubus.] (Med.) A kind of incubus which occurs during wakefulness, attended by the peculiar pressure on the chest which characterizes nightmare. Dunglison.

Day"-net` (-nt`), n. A net for catching small birds.

Day"-peep` (-pp`), n. The dawn. [Poetic] Milton.

Days"man (dz"mn), n. [From day in the sense of day fixed for trial.] An umpire or arbiter; a mediator.

> Neither is there any daysman betwixt us.

Job ix. 33.

Day"spring` (d"sprng`), n. The beginning of the day, or first appearance of light; the dawn; hence, the beginning. Milton.

> The tender mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us.

Luke i. 78.

Day"-star` (-stär`), n. 1. The morning star; the star which ushers in the day.

> A dark place, until the day dawn, and the day- star arise in your hearts.

2 Peter i. 19.

2. The sun, as the orb of day. [Poetic]

> So sinks the day-star in the ocean bed,
> And yet anon repairs his drooping head,
> And tricks his beams, and with new-spangled ore
> Flames in the forehead of the morning sky.

Milton.

Day"time` (-tm`), n. The time during which there is daylight, as distinguished from the night.

Day"wom`an (-wm`an), n. A dairymaid. [Obs.]

Daze (dz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dazed (dzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dazing.] [OE. dasen, prob. from Icel. dasask to become weary, a reflexive verb; cf. Sw. dasa to lie idle, and OD. daesen to be foolish, insane, daes, dwaes, D. dwaas, foolish, insane, AS. dws, dysig, stupid. √71. Cf. Dizzy, Doze.] To stupefy with excess of light; with a blow, with cold, or with fear; to confuse; to benumb.

> While flashing beams do daze his feeble eyen.

Spenser.

> Such souls,
> Whose sudden visitations daze the world.

Sir H. Taylor.

> He comes out of the room in a dazed state, that is an odd though a sufficient substitute for interest.

Dickens.

Daze, n. 1. The state of being dazed; as, he was in a daze. [Colloq.]

2. (Mining) A glittering stone.

Daz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dazzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dazzling (?).] [Freq. of daze.] 1. To overpower with light; to confuse the sight of by brilliance of light.

> Those heavenly shapes
> Will dazzle now the earthly, with their blaze
> Insufferably bright.

Milton.

> An unreflected light did never yet
> Dazzle the vision feminine.

Sir H. Taylor.

2. To bewilder or surprise with brilliancy or display of any kind. "Dazzled and drove back his enemies." Shak.

Daz"zle, v. i. 1. To be overpoweringly or intensely bright; to excite admiration by brilliancy.

> Ah, friend! to dazzle, let the vain design.

Pope.

2. To be overpowered by light; to be confused by excess of brightness.

> An overlight maketh the eyes dazzle.

Bacon.

> I dare not trust these eyes;
> They dance in mists, and dazzle with surprise.

Dryden.

Daz"zle, n. A light of dazzling brilliancy.

Daz"zle*ment (?), n. Dazzling flash, glare, or burst of light. Donne.

Daz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a dazzling manner.

De- (?). A prefix from Latin de down, from, away; as in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. In words from the French it is equivalent to Latin dis- apart, away; or sometimes to de. Cf. Dis-. It is negative and opposite in derange, deform, destroy, etc. It is intensive in deprave, despoil, declare, desolate, etc.

Dea"con (d"k'n), n. [OE. diakne, deakne, deken, AS. diacon, deacon, L. diaconus, fr. Gr. &?; a servant or minister, a minister of the church; of uncertain origin. In sense 2 prob. confused with dean.] 1. (Eccl.) An officer in Christian churches appointed to perform certain subordinate duties varying in different communions. In the Roman Catholic and Episcopal churches, a person admitted to the lowest order in the ministry, subordinate to the bishops and priests. In Presbyterian churches, he is subordinate to the minister and elders, and has charge of certain duties connected with the communion service and the care of the poor. In Congregational churches, he is subordinate to the pastor, and has duties as in the Presbyterian church.

2. The chairman of an incorporated company. [Scot.]

Dea"con (?), v. t. To read aloud each line of (a psalm or hymn) before singing it, -- usually with off. [Colloq. New. Eng.] See Line, v. t.

The expression is derived from a former custom in the Congregational churches of New England. It was part of the office of a deacon to read aloud the psalm given out, one line at a time, the congregation singing each line as soon as read; -- called, also, lining out the psalm.

Dea"con*ess (?), n. (Eccl.) A female deacon; as: (a) (Primitive Ch.) One of an order of women whose duties resembled those of deacons. (b) (Ch. of Eng. and Prot. Epis. Ch.) A woman set apart for church work by a bishop. (c) A woman chosen as a helper in church work, as among the Congregationalists.

Dea"con*hood (?), n. The state of being a deacon; office of a deacon; deaconship.

Dea"con*ry (?), n. See Deaconship.

Dea"con*ship, n. The office or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.

Dead (dd), a. [OE. ded, dead, deed, AS. deád; akin to OS. dd, D. dood, G. todt, tot, Icel. dauðr, Sw. & Dan. död, Goth. daubs; prop. p. p. of an old verb meaning to die. See Die, and cf. Death.] 1. Deprived of life; -- opposed to alive and living; reduced to that state of a being in which the organs of motion and life have irrevocably ceased to perform their functions; as, a dead tree; a dead man. "The queen, my lord, is dead." Shak.

> The crew, all except himself, were dead of hunger.

Arbuthnot.

> Seek him with candle, bring him dead or living.

Shak.

2. Destitute of life; inanimate; as, dead matter.

3. Resembling death in appearance or quality; without show of life; deathlike; as, a dead sleep.

4. Still as death; motionless; inactive; useless; as, dead calm; a dead load or weight.

5. So constructed as not to transmit sound; soundless; as, a dead floor.

6. Unproductive; bringing no gain; unprofitable; as, dead capital; dead stock in trade.

7. Lacking spirit; dull; lusterless; cheerless; as, dead eye; dead fire; dead color, etc.

8. Monotonous or unvaried; as, a dead level or pain; a dead wall. "The ground is a dead flat." C. Reade.

9. Sure as death; unerring; fixed; complete; as, a dead shot; a dead certainty.

> I had them a dead bargain.

Goldsmith. 10. Bringing death; deadly. Shak. 11. Wanting in religious spirit and vitality; as, dead faith; dead works. "Dead in trespasses." Eph. ii. 1. 12. (Paint.) (a) Flat; without gloss; -- said of painting which has been applied purposely to have this effect. (b) Not brilliant; not rich; thus, brown is a dead color, as compared with crimson. 13. (Law) Cut off from the rights of a citizen; deprived of the power of enjoying the rights of property; as, one banished or becoming a monk is civilly dead. 14. (Mach.) Not imparting motion or power; as, the dead spindle of a lathe, etc. See Spindle.

Dead ahead (Naut.), directly ahead; - - said of a ship or any object, esp. of the wind when blowing from that point toward which a vessel would go. -- Dead angle (Mil.), an angle or space which can not be seen or defended from behind the parapet. -- Dead block, either of two wooden or iron blocks intended to serve instead of buffers at the end of a freight car. -- Dead calm (Naut.), no wind at all. -- Dead center, or Dead point (Mach.), either of two points in the orbit of a crank, at which the crank and connecting rod lie a straight line. It corresponds to the end of a stroke; as, A and B are dead centers of the crank mechanism in which the crank C drives, or is driven by, the lever L. -- Dead color (Paint.), a color which has no gloss upon it. -- Dead coloring (Oil paint.), the layer of colors, the preparation for what is to follow. In modern painting this is usually in monochrome. -- Dead door (Shipbuilding), a storm shutter fitted to the outside of the quarter-gallery door. -- Dead flat (Naut.), the widest or midship frame. -- Dead freight (Mar. Law), a sum of money paid by a person who charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full cargo. The payment is made for the unoccupied capacity. Abbott. -- Dead ground (Mining), the portion of a vein in which there is no ore. -- Dead hand, a hand that can not alienate, as of a person civilly dead. "Serfs held in dead hand." Morley. See Mortmain. -- Dead head (Naut.), a rough block of wood used as an anchor buoy. -- Dead heat, a heat or course between two or more race horses, boats, etc., in which they come out exactly equal, so that neither wins. -- Dead horse, an expression applied to a debt for wages paid in advance. [Law] -- Dead language, a language which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, and is known only in writings, as the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. -- Dead letter. (a) A letter which, after lying for a certain fixed time uncalled for at the post office to which it was directed, is then sent to the general post office to be opened. (b) That which has lost its force or authority; as, the law has become a dead letter. -- Dead-letter office, a department of the general post office where dead letters are examined and disposed of. -- Dead level, a term applied to a flat country. -- Dead lift, a direct lift, without assistance from mechanical advantage, as from levers, pulleys, etc.; hence, an extreme emergency. "(As we say) at a dead lift." Robynson (More's Utopia). -- Dead line (Mil.), a line drawn within or around a military prison, to cross which involves for a prisoner the penalty of being instantly shot. -- Dead load (Civil Engin.), a constant, motionless load, as the weight of a structure, in distinction from a moving load, as a train of cars, or a variable pressure, as of wind. -- Dead march (Mus.), a piece of solemn music intended to be played as an accompaniment to a funeral procession. -- Dead nettle (Bot.), a harmless plant with leaves like a nettle (Lamium album). -- Dead oil (Chem.), the heavy oil obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and containing phenol, naphthalus, etc. -- Dead plate (Mach.), a solid covering over a part of a fire grate, to prevent the entrance of air through that part. -- Dead pledge, a mortgage. See Mortgage. -- Dead point. (Mach.) See Dead center. -- Dead reckoning (Naut.), the method of determining the place of a ship from a record kept of the courses sailed as given by compass, and the distance made on each course as found by log, with allowance for leeway, etc., without the aid of celestial observations. -- Dead rise, the transverse upward curvature of a vessel's floor. -- Dead rising, an elliptical line drawn on the sheer plan to determine the sweep of the floorheads throughout the ship's length. -- Dead-Sea apple. See under Apple. -- Dead set. See under Set. -- Dead shot. (a) An unerring marksman. (b) A shot certain to be made. -- Dead smooth, the finest cut made; -- said of files. -- Dead wall (Arch.), a blank wall unbroken by windows or other openings. -- Dead water (Naut.), the eddy water closing in under a ship's stern when sailing. -- Dead weight. (a) A heavy or oppressive burden. Dryden. (b) (Shipping) A ship's lading, when it consists of heavy goods; or, the heaviest part of a ship's cargo. (c) (Railroad) The weight of rolling stock, the live weight being the load. Knight. -- Dead wind (Naut.), a wind directly ahead, or opposed to the ship's course. -- To be dead, to die. [Obs.]

> I deme thee, thou must algate be dead.

Chaucer.

Syn. -- Inanimate; deceased; extinct. See Lifeless.

Dead (?), adv. To a degree resembling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly. [Colloq.]

> I was tired of reading, and dead sleepy.

Dickens.

Dead drunk, so drunk as to be unconscious.

Dead (dd), n. 1. The most quiet or deathlike time; the period of profoundest repose, inertness, or gloom; as, the dead of winter.

> When the drum beat at dead of night.

Campbell.

2. One who is dead; -- commonly used collectively.

> And Abraham stood up from before his dead.

Gen. xxiii. 3.

Dead, v. t. To make dead; to deaden; to deprive of life, force, or vigor. [Obs.]

> Heaven's stern decree,
> With many an ill, hath numbed and deaded me.

Chapman.

Dead, v. i. To die; to lose life or force. [Obs.]

> So iron, as soon as it is out of the fire, deadeth straightway.

Bacon.

Dead` beat" (?). See Beat, n., 7. [Low, U.S.]

Dead"beat` (?), a. (Physics) Making a beat without recoil; giving indications by a single beat or excursion; -- said of galvanometers and other instruments in which the needle or index moves to the extent of its deflection and stops with little or no further oscillation.

Deadbeat escapement. See under Escapement.

Dead"born` (?), a. Stillborn. Pope.

Dead"en (dd"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deadened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Deadening.] [From Dead; cf. AS. d&?;dan to kill, put to death. See Dead, a.] 1. To make as dead; to impair in vigor, force, activity, or sensation; to lessen the force or acuteness of; to blunt; as, to deaden the natural powers or feelings; to deaden a sound.

<! p. 372 !>

> As harper lays his open palm
> Upon his harp, to deaden its vibrations.

Longfellow.

2. To lessen the velocity or momentum of; to retard; as, to deaden a ship's headway.

3. To make vapid or spiritless; as, to deaden wine.

4. To deprive of gloss or brilliancy; to obscure; as, to deaden gilding by a coat of size.

Dead"en*er (dd"'n*r), n. One who, or that which, deadens or checks.

Dead"-eye` (dd"`), n. (Naut.) A round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an iron band, and pierced with three holes to receive the lanyard; -- used to extend the shrouds and stays, and for other purposes. Called also deadman's eye. Totten.

Dead"head` (?), n. 1. One who receives free tickets for theaters, public conveyances, etc. [Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Naut.) A buoy. See under Dead, a.

Dead"-heart`ed (?), a. Having a dull, faint heart; spiritless; listless. -- Dead"- heart`ed*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

Dead"house` (?), n. A morgue; a place for the temporary reception and exposure of dead bodies.

Dead"ish, a. Somewhat dead, dull, or lifeless; deathlike.

> The lips put on a deadish paleness.

A. Stafford.

Dead"latch` (?), n. A kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked by a detent that it can not be opened from the inside by the handle, or from the outside by the latch key. Knight.

Dead"light` (?), n. (Naut.) A strong shutter, made to fit open ports and keep out water in a storm.

Dead"li*hood (?), n. State of the dead. [Obs.]

Dead"li*ness, n. The quality of being deadly.

Dead"lock` (?), n. 1. A lock which is not self-latching, but requires a key to throw the bolt forward.

2. A counteraction of things, which produces an entire stoppage; a complete obstruction of action.

> Things are at a deadlock.

London Times.

> The Board is much more likely to be at a deadlock of two to two.

The Century.

Dead"ly (?), a. 1. Capable of causing death; mortal; fatal; destructive; certain or likely to cause death; as, a deadly blow or wound.

2. Aiming or willing to destroy; implacable; desperately hostile; flagitious; as, deadly enemies.

> Thy assailant is quick, skillful, and deadly.

Shak.

3. Subject to death; mortal. [Obs.]

> The image of a deadly man.

Wyclif (Rom. i. 23).

Deadly nightshade (Bot.), a poisonous plant; belladonna. See under Nightshade.

Dead"ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling, or as if produced by, death. "Deadly pale." Shak.

2. In a manner to occasion death; mortally.

> The groanings of a deadly wounded man.

Ezek. xxx. 24.

3. In an implacable manner; destructively.

4. Extremely. [Obs.] "Deadly weary." Orrery. "So deadly cunning a man." Arbuthnot.

Dead"ness, n. The state of being destitute of life, vigor, spirit, activity, etc.; dullness; inertness; languor; coldness; vapidness; indifference; as, the deadness of a limb, a body, or a tree; the deadness of an eye; deadness of the affections; the deadness of beer or cider; deadness to the world, and the like.

Dead"-pay` (?), n. Pay drawn for soldiers, or others, really dead, whose names are kept on the rolls.

> O you commanders,
> That, like me, have no dead-pays.

Massinger.

Dead"-reck`on*ing (?), n. (Naut.) See under Dead, a.

Deads (?), n. pl. (Mining) The substances which inclose the ore on every side.

Dead"-stroke` (?), a. (Mech.) Making a stroke without recoil; deadbeat.

Dead-stroke hammer (Mach.), a power hammer having a spring interposed between the driving mechanism and the hammer head, or helve, to lessen the recoil of the hammer and reduce the shock upon the mechanism.

Dead"wood` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A mass of timbers built into the bow and stern of a vessel to give solidity.

2. Dead trees or branches; useless material.

Dead"works` (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The parts of a ship above the water when she is laden.

Deaf (?; 277), a. [OE. def, deaf, deef, AS. deáf; akin to D. doof, G. taub, Icel. daufr, Dan. döv, Sw. döf, Goth. daubs, and prob. to E. dumb (the original sense being, dull as applied to one of the senses), and perh. to Gr. &?; (for &?;) blind, &?; smoke, vapor, folly, and to G. toben to rage. Cf. Dumb.] 1. Wanting the sense of hearing, either wholly or in part; unable to perceive sounds; hard of hearing; as, a deaf man.

> Come on my right hand, for this ear is deaf.

Shak.

2. Unwilling to hear or listen; determinedly inattentive; regardless; not to be persuaded as to facts, argument, or exhortation; -- with to; as, deaf to reason.

> O, that men's ears should be
> To counsel deaf, but not to flattery!

Shak.

3. Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened.

> Deaf with the noise, I took my hasty flight.

Dryden.

4. Obscurely heard; stifled; deadened. [R.]

> A deaf murmur through the squadron went.

Dryden.

5. Decayed; tasteless; dead; as, a deaf nut; deaf corn. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

> If the season be unkindly and intemperate, they [peppers] will catch a blast; and then the seeds will be deaf, void, light, and naught.

Holland.

Deaf and dumb, without the sense of hearing or the faculty of speech. See Deaf-mute.

Deaf (?; 277), v. t. To deafen. [Obs.] Dryden.

Deaf"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deafened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deafening.] [From Deaf.] 1. To make deaf; to deprive of the power of hearing; to render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly.

> Deafened and stunned with their promiscuous cries.

Addison.

2. (Arch.) To render impervious to sound, as a partition or floor, by filling the space within with mortar, by lining with paper, etc.

Deaf"en*ing, n. The act or process of rendering impervious to sound, as a floor or wall; also, the material with which the spaces are filled in this process; pugging.

Deaf"ly, adv. Without sense of sounds; obscurely.

Deaf"ly, a. Lonely; solitary. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Deaf"-mute` (?), n. A person who is deaf and dumb; one who, through deprivation or defect of hearing, has either failed the acquire the power of speech, or has lost it. [See Illust. of Dactylology.]

> Deaf-mutes are still so called, even when, by artificial methods, they have been taught to speak imperfectly.

Deaf"-mut`ism (?), n. The condition of being a deaf-mute.

Deaf"ness (?), n. 1. Incapacity of perceiving sounds; the state of the organs which prevents the impression which constitute hearing; want of the sense of hearing.

2. Unwillingness to hear; voluntary rejection of what is addressed to the understanding.

Nervous deafness, a variety of deafness dependent upon morbid change in some portion of the nervous system, especially the auditory nerve.

Deal (dl), n. [OE. del, deel, part, AS. dl; akin to OS. dl, D. & Dan. deel, G. theil, teil, Icel. deild, Sw. del, Goth. dails. √65. Cf. 3d Dole.] 1. A part or portion; a share; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent, degree, or extent; as, a deal of time and trouble; a deal of cold.

> Three tenth deals [parts of an ephah] of flour.

Num. xv. 9.

> As an object of science it [the Celtic genius] may count for a good deal . . . as a spiritual power.

M. Arnold.

> She was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect.

W. Black.

It was formerly limited by some, every, never a, a thousand, etc.; as, some deal; but these are now obsolete or vulgar. In general, we now qualify the word with great or good, and often use it adverbially, by being understood; as, a great deal of time and pains; a great (or good) deal better or worse; that is, better by a great deal, or by a great part or difference.

2. The process of dealing cards to the players; also, the portion disturbed.

> The deal, the shuffle, and the cut.

Swift.

3. Distribution; apportionment. [Colloq.]

4. An arrangement to attain a desired result by a combination of interested parties; -- applied to stock speculations and political bargains. [Slang]

5. [Prob. from D. deel a plank, threshing floor. See Thill.] The division of a piece of timber made by sawing; a board or plank; particularly, a board or plank of fir or pine above seven inches in width, and exceeding six feet in length. If narrower than this, it is called a batten; if shorter, a deal end.

Whole deal is a general term for planking one and one half inches thick.

6. Wood of the pine or fir; as, a floor of deal.

Deal tree, a fir tree. Dr. Prior.

Deal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dealt (dlt); p. pr. & vb. n. Dealing.] [OE. delen, AS. dlan, fr. dl share; akin to OS. dlian, D. deelen, G. theilen, teilen, Icel. deila, Sw. dela, Dan. dele, Goth. dailjan. See Deal, n.] 1. To divide; to separate in portions; hence, to give in portions; to distribute; to bestow successively; -- sometimes with out.

> Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry?

Is. lviii. 7.

> And Rome deals out her blessings and her gold.

Tickell.

> The nightly mallet deals resounding blows.

Gay.

> Hissing through the skies, the feathery deaths were dealt.

Dryden.

2. Specifically: To distribute, as cards, to the players at the commencement of a game; as, to deal the cards; to deal one a jack.

Deal, v. i. 1. To make distribution; to share out in portions, as cards to the players.

2. To do a distributing or retailing business, as distinguished from that of a manufacturer or producer; to traffic; to trade; to do business; as, he deals in flour.

> They buy and sell, they deal and traffic.

South.

> This is to drive to wholesale trade, when all other petty merchants deal but for parcels.

Dr. H. More.

3. To act as an intermediary in business or any affairs; to manage; to make arrangements; -- followed by between or with.

> Sometimes he that deals between man and man, raiseth his own credit with both, by pretending greater interest than he hath in either.

Bacon.

4. To conduct one's self; to behave or act in any affair or towards any one; to treat.

> If he will deal clearly and impartially, . . . he will acknowledge all this to be true.

Tillotson.

5. To contend (with); to treat (with), by way of opposition, check, or correction; as, he has turbulent passions to deal with.

To deal by, to treat, either well or ill; as, to deal well by servants. "Such an one deals not fairly by his own mind." Locke. -- To deal in. (a) To have to do with; to be engaged in; to practice; as, they deal in political matters. (b) To buy and sell; to furnish, as a retailer or wholesaler; as, they deal in fish. -- To deal with. (a) To treat in any manner; to use, whether well or ill; to have to do with; specifically, to trade with. "Dealing with witches." Shak. (b) To reprove solemnly; to expostulate with.

> The deacons of his church, who, to use their own phrase, "dealt with him" on the sin of rejecting the aid which Providence so manifestly held out.

Hawthorne.

> Return . . . and I will deal well with thee.

Gen. xxxii. 9.

De*al"bate (?), v. t. [L. dealbatus, p. p. of dealbare. See Daub.] To whiten. [Obs.] Cockeram.

De`al*ba"tion (?), n. [L. dealbatio: cf. F. déalbation.] Act of bleaching; a whitening. [Obs.]

Deal"er (?), n. 1. One who deals; one who has to do, or has concern, with others; esp., a trader, a trafficker, a shopkeeper, a broker, or a merchant; as, a dealer in dry goods; a dealer in stocks; a retail dealer.

2. One who distributes cards to the players.

Deal"fish` (?), n. [From deal a long, narrow plank.] (Zoöl.) A long, thin fish of the arctic seas (Trachypterus arcticus).

Deal"ing, n. The act of one who deals; distribution of anything, as of cards to the players; method of business; traffic; intercourse; transaction; as, to have dealings with a person.

Double dealing, insincere, treacherous dealing; duplicity. -- Plain dealing, fair, sincere, honorable dealing; honest, outspoken expression of opinion.

Dealth (?), n. Share dealt. [Obs.]

De*am"bu*late (?), v. i. [L. deambulare, deambulatum; de- + ambulare to walk.] To walk abroad. [Obs.] Cockeram.

De*am`bu*la"tion (?), n. [L. deambulatio.] A walking abroad; a promenading. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

De*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. deambulator a traveler.] Going about from place to place; wandering; of or pertaining to a deambulatory. [Obs.] "Deambulatory actors." Bp. Morton.

De*am"bu*la*to*ry, n. [L. deambulatorium.] A covered place in which to walk; an ambulatory.

Dean (?), n. [OE. dene, deene, OF. deien, dien, F. doyen, eldest of a corporation, a dean, L. decanus the chief of ten, one set over ten persons, e. g., over soldiers or over monks, from decem ten. See Ten, and cf. Decemvir.] 1. A dignitary or presiding officer in certain ecclesiastical and lay bodies; esp., an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop.

Dean of cathedral church, the chief officer of a chapter; he is an ecclesiastical magistrate next in degree to bishop, and has immediate charge of the cathedral and its estates. -- Dean of peculiars, a dean holding a preferment which has some peculiarity relative to spiritual superiors and the jurisdiction exercised in it. [Eng.] -- Rural dean, one having, under the bishop, the especial care and inspection of the clergy within certain parishes or districts of the diocese.

2. The collegiate officer in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, England, who, besides other duties, has regard to the moral condition of the college. Shipley.

3. The head or presiding officer in the faculty of some colleges or universities.

4. A registrar or secretary of the faculty in a department of a college, as in a medical, or theological, or scientific department. [U.S.]

5. The chief or senior of a company on occasion of ceremony; as, the dean of the diplomatic corps; -- so called by courtesy.

Cardinal dean, the senior cardinal bishop of the college of cardinals at Rome. Shipley. -- Dean and chapter, the legal corporation and governing body of a cathedral. It consists of the dean, who is chief, and his canons or prebendaries. -- Dean of arches, the lay judge of the court of arches. -- Dean of faculty, the president of an incorporation or barristers; specifically, the president of the incorporation of advocates in Edinburgh. -- Dean of guild, a magistrate of Scotch burghs, formerly, and still, in some burghs, chosen by the Guildry, whose duty is to superintend the erection of new buildings and see that they conform to the law. -- Dean of a monastery, Monastic dean, a monastic superior over ten monks. -- Dean's stall. See Decanal stall, under Decanal.

Dean"er*y (?), n.; pl. Deaneries (&?;). 1. The office or the revenue of a dean. See the Note under Benefice, n., 3.

2. The residence of a dean. Shak.

3. The territorial jurisdiction of a dean.

> Each archdeaconry is divided into rural deaneries, and each deanery is divided into parishes.

Blackstone.

Dean"ship, n. The office of a dean.

> I dont't value your deanship a straw.

Swift.

Dear (dr), a. [Compar. Dearer (-r); superl. Dearest (-st).] [OE. dere, deore, AS. deóre; akin to OS. diuri, D. duur, OHG. tiuri, G. theuer, teuer, Icel. drr, Dan. & Sw. dyr. Cf. Darling, Dearth.] 1. Bearing a high price; high-priced; costly; expensive.

> The cheapest of us is ten groats too dear.

Shak.

2. Marked by scarcity or dearth, and exorbitance of price; as, a dear year.

3. Highly valued; greatly beloved; cherished; precious. "Hear me, dear lady." Shak.

> Neither count I my life dear unto myself.

Acts xx. 24.

> And the last joy was dearer than the rest.

Pope.

> Dear as remember'd kisses after death.

Tennyson.

4. Hence, close to the heart; heartfelt; present in mind; engaging the attention. (a) Of agreeable things and interests.

> [I'll] leave you to attend him: some dear cause
> Will in concealment wrap me up awhile.

Shak.

> His dearest wish was to escape from the bustle and glitter of Whitehall.

Macaulay.

(b) Of disagreeable things and antipathies.

> In our dear peril.

Shak.

> Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven
> Or ever I had seen that day.

Shak.

Dear, n. A dear one; lover; sweetheart.

> That kiss I carried from thee, dear.

Shak.

Dear, adv. Dearly; at a high price.

> If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear.

Shak.

Dear, v. t. To endear. [Obs.] Shelton.

Dear"born (?), n. A four-wheeled carriage, with curtained sides.

Dear"-bought` (?), a. Bought at a high price; as, dear-bought experience.

<! p. 373 !>

Deare (?), variant of Dere, v. t. & n. [Obs.]

Dear"ie (?), n. Same as Deary. Dickens.

Dear"ling (?), n. A darling. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dear"-loved` (?), a. Greatly beloved. Shak.

Dear"ly, adv. 1. In a dear manner; with affection; heartily; earnestly; as, to love one dearly.

2. At a high rate or price; grievously.

> He buys his mistress dearly with his throne.

Dryden.

3. Exquisitely. [Obs.] Shak.

Dearn (?), a. [AS. derne, dyrne, dierne, hidden, secret. Cf. Derne.] Secret; lonely; solitary; dreadful. [Obs.] Shak. -- Dearn"ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dearn, v. t. Same as Darn. [Obs.]

Dear"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being dear; costliness; excess of price.

> The dearness of corn.

Swift.

2. Fondness; preciousness; love; tenderness.

> The dearness of friendship.

Bacon.

Dearth (?), n. [OE. derthe, fr. dere. See Dear.] Scarcity which renders dear; want; lack; specifically, lack of food on account of failure of crops; famine.

> There came a dearth over all the land of Egypt.

Acts vii. 11.

> He with her press'd, she faint with dearth.

Shak.

> Dearth of plot, and narrowness of imagination.

Dryden.

De`ar*tic"u*late (?), v. t. To disjoint.

Dear"worth` (?), a. [See Derworth.] Precious. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Dear"y (?), n. A dear; a darling. [Familiar]

De"as (?), n. See Dais. [Scot.]

Death (dth), n. [OE. deth, deað, AS. deáð; akin to OS. dð, D. dood, G. tod, Icel. dauði, Sw. & Dan. död, Goth. dauþus; from a verb meaning to die. See Die, v. i., and cf. Dead.] 1. The cessation of all vital phenomena without capability of resuscitation, either in animals or plants.

Local death is going on at all times and in all parts of the living body, in which individual cells and elements are being cast off and replaced by new; a process essential to life. General death is of two kinds; death of the body as a whole (somatic or systemic death), and death of the tissues. By the former is implied the absolute cessation of the functions of the brain, the circulatory and the respiratory organs; by the latter the entire disappearance of the vital actions of the ultimate structural constituents of the body. When death takes place, the body as a whole dies first, the death of the tissues sometimes not occurring until after a considerable interval. Huxley.

2. Total privation or loss; extinction; cessation; as, the death of memory.

> The death of a language can not be exactly compared with the death of a plant.

J. Peile.

3. Manner of dying; act or state of passing from life.

> A death that I abhor.

Shak.

> Let me die the death of the righteous.

Num. xxiii. 10.

4. Cause of loss of life.

> Swiftly flies the feathered death.

Dryden.

> He caught his death the last county sessions.

Addison.

5. Personified: The destroyer of life, -- conventionally represented as a skeleton with a scythe.

> Death! great proprietor of all.

Young.

> And I looked, and behold a pale horse; and his name that sat on him was Death.

Rev. vi. 8.

6. Danger of death. "In deaths oft." 2 Cor. xi. 23.

7. Murder; murderous character.

> Not to suffer a man of death to live.

Bacon.

8. (Theol.) Loss of spiritual life.

> To be carnally minded is death.

Rom. viii. 6.

9. Anything so dreadful as to be like death.

> It was death to them to think of entertaining such doctrines.

Atterbury.

> And urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death.

Judg. xvi. 16.

Death is much used adjectively and as the first part of a compound, meaning, in general, of or pertaining to death, causing or presaging death; as, deathbed or death bed; deathblow or death blow, etc.

Black death. See Black death, in the Vocabulary. -- Civil death, the separation of a man from civil society, or the debarring him from the enjoyment of civil rights, as by banishment, attainder, abjuration of the realm, entering a monastery, etc. Blackstone. -- Death adder. (Zoöl.) (a) A kind of viper found in South Africa (Acanthophis tortor); -- so called from the virulence of its venom. (b) A venomous Australian snake of the family Elapidæ, of several species, as the Hoplocephalus superbus and Acanthopis antarctica. -- Death bell, a bell that announces a death.

> The death bell thrice was heard to ring.

Mickle.

-- Death candle, a light like that of a candle, viewed by the superstitious as presaging death. -- Death damp, a cold sweat at the coming on of death. -- Death fire, a kind of ignis fatuus supposed to forebode death.

> And round about in reel and rout,
> The death fires danced at night.

Coleridge.

-- Death grapple, a grapple or struggle for life. -- Death in life, a condition but little removed from death; a living death. [Poetic] "Lay lingering out a five years' death in life." Tennyson. - - Death knell, a stroke or tolling of a bell, announcing a death. -- Death rate, the relation or ratio of the number of deaths to the population.

> At all ages the death rate is higher in towns than in rural districts.

Darwin.

-- Death rattle, a rattling or gurgling in the throat of a dying person. -- Death's door, the boundary of life; the partition dividing life from death. -- Death stroke, a stroke causing death. -- Death throe, the spasm of death. -- Death token, the signal of approaching death. -- Death warrant. (a) (Law) An order from the proper authority for the execution of a criminal. (b) That which puts an end to expectation, hope, or joy. -- Death wound. (a) A fatal wound or injury. (b) (Naut.) The springing of a fatal leak. -- Spiritual death (Scripture), the corruption and perversion of the soul by sin, with the loss of the favor of God. -- The gates of death, the grave.

> Have the gates of death been opened unto thee?

Job xxxviii. 17.

-- The second death, condemnation to eternal separation from God. Rev. ii. 11. -- To be the death of, to be the cause of death to; to make die. "It was one who should be the death of both his parents." Milton.

Syn. -- Death, Decease, Demise, Departure, Release. Death applies to the termination of every form of existence, both animal and vegetable; the other words only to the human race. Decease is the term used in law for the removal of a human being out of life in the ordinary course of nature. Demise was formerly confined to decease of princes, but is now sometimes used of distinguished men in general; as, the demise of Mr. Pitt. Departure and release are peculiarly terms of Christian affection and hope. A violent death is not usually called a decease. Departure implies a friendly taking leave of life. Release implies a deliverance from a life of suffering or sorrow.

Death"bed (?), n. The bed in which a person dies; hence, the closing hours of life of one who dies by sickness or the like; the last sickness.

> That often-quoted passage from Lord Hervey in which the Queen's deathbed is described.

Thackeray.

Death"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Tengmalm's or Richardson's owl (Nyctale Tengmalmi); -- so called from a superstition of the North American Indians that its note presages death.

Death"blow` (?), n. A mortal or crushing blow; a stroke or event which kills or destroys.

> The deathblow of my hope.

Byron.

Death"ful (?), a. 1. Full of death or slaughter; murderous; destructive; bloody.

> These eyes behold
> The deathful scene.

Pope.

2. Liable to undergo death; mortal.

> The deathless gods and deathful earth.

Chapman.

Death"ful*ness, n. Appearance of death. Jer. Taylor.

Death"less, a. Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.

Death"like` (?), a. 1. Resembling death.

> A deathlike slumber, and a dead repose.

Pope.

2. Deadly. [Obs.] "Deathlike dragons." Shak.

Death"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being deathly; deadliness. Southey.

Death"ly, a. Deadly; fatal; mortal; destructive.

Death"ly, adv. Deadly; as, deathly pale or sick.

Death's"-head` (?), n. A naked human skull as the emblem of death; the head of the conventional personification of death.

> I had rather be married to a death's-head with a bone in his mouth.

Shak.

Death's-head moth (Zoöl.), a very large European moth (Acherontia atropos), so called from a figure resembling a human skull on the back of the thorax; -- called also death's-head sphinx.

Death's"-herb` (?), n. The deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). Dr. Prior.

Deaths"man (?), n. An executioner; a headsman or hangman. [Obs.] Shak.

Death"ward (?), adv. Toward death.

Death"watch` (?; 224), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A small beetle (Anobium tessellatum and other allied species). By forcibly striking its head against woodwork it makes a ticking sound, which is a call of the sexes to each other, but has been imagined by superstitious people to presage death. (b) A small wingless insect, of the family Psocidæ, which makes a similar but fainter sound; -- called also deathtick.

> She is always seeing apparitions and hearing deathwatches.

Addison.

> I did not hear the dog howl, mother, or the deathwatch beat.

Tennyson.

2. The guard set over a criminal before his execution.

De*au"rate (?), a. [L. deauratus, p. p. of deaurare to gild; de- + aurum gold.] Gilded. [Obs.]

De*au"rate (?), v. t. To gild. [Obs.] Bailey.

De`au*ra"tion (?), n. Act of gilding. [Obs.]

Deave (?), v. t. [See Deafen.] To stun or stupefy with noise; to deafen. [Scot.]

De*bac"chate (?), v. i. [L. debacchatus, p. p. of debacchari to rage; de- + bacchari to rage like a bacchant.] To rave as a bacchanal. [R.] Cockeram.

De`bac*cha"tion (?), n. [L. debacchatio.] Wild raving or debauchery. [R.] Prynne.

De*ba"cle (?), n. [F. débâcle, fr. débâcler to unbar, break loose; pref. dé- (prob. = L. dis) + bâcler to bolt, fr. L. baculum a stick.] (Geol.) A breaking or bursting forth; a violent rush or flood of waters which breaks down opposing barriers, and hurls forward and disperses blocks of stone and other débris.

De*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Debarring.] [Pref. de- + bar.] To cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier; to preclude; to hinder from approach, entry, or enjoyment; to shut out or exclude; to deny or refuse; -- with from, and sometimes with of.

> Yet not so strictly hath our Lord imposed
> Labor, as to debar us when we need
> Refreshment.

Milton.

> Their wages were so low as to debar them, not only from the comforts but from the common decencies of civilized life.

Buckle.

De*barb" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + L. barba beard.] To deprive of the beard. [Obs.] Bailey.

De"bark" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Debarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Debarking.] [F. débarquer; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + barque. See Bark the vessel, and cf. Disbark.] To go ashore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to put ashore.

De`bar*ka"tion (?), n. Disembarkation.

> The debarkation, therefore, had to take place by small steamers.

U. S. Grant.

De*bar"ment (?), n. Hindrance from approach; exclusion.

De*bar"rass (?), v. t. [Cf. F. débarrasser. See Embarrass.] To disembarrass; to relieve. [R.]

De*base" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Debasing.] [Pref. de- + base. See Base, a., and cf. Abase.] To reduce from a higher to a lower state or grade of worth, dignity, purity, station, etc.; to degrade; to lower; to deteriorate; to abase; as, to debase the character by crime; to debase the mind by frivolity; to debase style by vulgar words.

> The coin which was adulterated and debased.

Hale.

> It is a kind of taking God's name in vain to debase religion with such frivolous disputes.

Hooker.

> And to debase the sons, exalts the sires.

Pope.

Syn. -- To abase; degrade. See Abase.

De*based" (?), a. (Her.) Turned upside down from its proper position; inverted; reversed.

De*base"ment (?), n. The act of debasing or the state of being debased. Milton.

De*bas"er (?), n. One who, or that which, debases.

De*bas"ing*ly, adv. In a manner to debase.

De*bat"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. debatable. See Debate.] Liable to be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or contention; open to question or dispute; as, a debatable question.

The Debatable Land or Ground, a tract of land between the Esk and the Sark, claimed by both England and Scotland; the Batable Ground.

De*bate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debated; p. pr. & vb. n. Debating.] [OF. debatre, F. débattre; L. de + batuere to beat. See Batter, v. t., and cf. Abate.] 1. To engage in combat for; to strive for.

> Volunteers . . . thronged to serve under his banner, and the cause of religion was debated with the same ardor in Spain as on the plains of Palestine.

Prescott.

2. To contend for in words or arguments; to strive to maintain by reasoning; to dispute; to contest; to discuss; to argue for and against.

> A wise council . . . that did debate this business.

Shak.

> Debate thy cause with thy neighbor himself.

Prov. xxv. 9.

Syn. -- To argue; discuss; dispute; controvert. See Argue, and Discuss.

De*bate", v. i. 1. To engage in strife or combat; to fight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

> Well could he tourney and in lists debate.

Spenser.

2. To contend in words; to dispute; hence, to deliberate; to consider; to discuss or examine different arguments in the mind; -- often followed by on or upon.

> He presents that great soul debating upon the subject of life and death with his intimate friends.

Tatler.

De*bate", n. [F. débat, fr. débattre. See Debate, v. t.] 1. A fight or fighting; contest; strife. [Archaic]

> On the day of the Trinity next ensuing was a great debate . . . and in that murder there were slain . . . fourscore.

R. of Gloucester.

> But question fierce and proud reply
> Gave signal soon of dire debate.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Contention in words or arguments; discussion for the purpose of elucidating truth or influencing action; strife in argument; controversy; as, the debates in Parliament or in Congress.

> Heard, noted, answer'd, as in full debate.

Pope.

3. Subject of discussion. [R.]

> Statutes and edicts concerning this debate.

Milton.

De*bate"ful (?), a. Full of contention; contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*bate"ful*ly, adv. With contention. [Obs.]

De*bate"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. debatement a beating.] Controversy; deliberation; debate. [R.]

> A serious question and debatement with myself.

Milton.

De*bat"er (?), n. One who debates; one given to argument; a disputant; a controvertist.

> Debate where leisure serves with dull debaters.

Shak.

De*bat"ing, n. The act of discussing or arguing; discussion.

Debating society or club, a society or club for the purpose of debate and improvement in extemporaneous speaking.

De*bat"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a debate.

De*bauch" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Debauched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Debauching.] [F. débaucher, prob. originally, to entice away from the workshop; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + OF. bauche, bauge, hut, cf. F. bauge lair of a wild boar; prob. from G. or Icel., cf. Icel. blkr. See Balk, n.] To lead away from purity or excellence; to corrupt in character or principles; to mar; to vitiate; to pollute; to seduce; as, to debauch one's self by intemperance; to debauch a woman; to debauch an army.

> Learning not debauched by ambition.

Burke.

> A man must have got his conscience thoroughly debauched and hardened before he can arrive to the height of sin.

South.

> Her pride debauched her judgment and her eyes.

Cowley.

De*bauch", n. [Cf. F. débauche.] 1. Excess in eating or drinking; intemperance; drunkenness; lewdness; debauchery.

> The first physicians by debauch were made.

Dryden.

2. An act or occasion of debauchery.

> Silenus, from his night's debauch,
> Fatigued and sick.

Cowley.

De*bauched" (?), a. Dissolute; dissipated. "A coarse and debauched look." Ld. Lytton.

De*bauch"ed*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner.

De*bauch"ed*ness, n. The state of being debauched; intemperance. Bp. Hall.

Deb`au*chee" (?), n. [F. débauché, n., properly p. p. of débaucher. See Debauch, v. t.] One who is given to intemperance or bacchanalian excesses; a man habitually lewd; a libertine.

De*bauch"er (?), n. One who debauches or corrupts others; especially, a seducer to lewdness.

<! p. 374 !>

De*bauch"er*y (?), n.; pl. Debaucheries (&?;). 1. Corruption of fidelity; seduction from virtue, duty, or allegiance.

> The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the debauchery of the army.

Burke.

2. Excessive indulgence of the appetites; especially, excessive indulgence of lust; intemperance; sensuality; habitual lewdness.

> Oppose . . . debauchery by temperance.

Sprat.

De*bauch"ment (?), n. The act of corrupting; the act of seducing from virtue or duty.

De*bauch"ness, n. Debauchedness. [Obs.]

De*beige" (?), n. [F. de of + beige the natural color of wool.] A kind of woolen or mixed dress goods. [Written also debage.]

De*bel" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. débeller. See Debellate.] To conquer. [Obs.] Milton.

De*bel"late (?), v. t. [L. debellatus, p. p. of debellare to subdue; de- + bellum war.] To subdue; to conquer in war. [Obs.] Speed.

Deb`el*la"tion (?), n. [LL. debellatio.] The act of conquering or subduing. [Obs.]

||De be"ne es"se (?). [L.] (Law) Of well being; of formal sufficiency for the time; conditionally; provisionally. Abbott.

De*ben"ture (?; 135), n. [L. debentur they are due, fr. debere to owe; cf. F. debentur. So called because these receipts began with the words Debentur mihi.] 1. A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person; the sum thus due.

2. A customhouse certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback of duties paid on their importation. Burrill.

It is applied in England to deeds of mortgage given by railway companies for borrowed money; also to municipal and other bonds and securities for money loaned.

De*ben"tured (?; 135), a. Entitled to drawback or debenture; as, debentured goods.

Deb"ile (?), a. [L. debilis: cf. F. débile. See Debility.] Weak. [Obs.] Shak.

De*bil"i*tant (?), a. [L. debilitants, p. pr.] (Med.) Diminishing the energy of organs; reducing excitement; as, a debilitant drug.

De*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debilitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Debilitating.] [L. debilitatus, p. p. of debilitare to debilitate, fr. debilis. See Debility.] To impair the strength of; to weaken; to enfeeble; as, to debilitate the body by intemperance.

> Various ails debilitate the mind.

Jenyns.

> The debilitated frame of Mr. Bertram was exhausted by this last effort.

Sir W. Scott.

De*bil`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. debilitatio: cf. F. débilitation.] The act or process of debilitating, or the condition of one who is debilitated; weakness.

De*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. debilitas, fr. debilis weak, prob. fr. de- + habilis able: cf. F. débilité. See Able, a.] The state of being weak; weakness; feebleness; languor.

> The inconveniences of too strong a perspiration, which are debility, faintness, and sometimes sudden death.

Arbuthnot.

Syn. -- Debility, Infirmity, Imbecility. An infirmity belongs, for the most part, to particular members, and is often temporary, as of the eyes, etc. Debility is more general, and while it lasts impairs the ordinary functions of nature. Imbecility attaches to the whole frame, and renders it more or less powerless. Debility may be constitutional or may be the result or superinduced causes; Imbecility is always constitutional; infirmity is accidental, and results from sickness or a decay of the frame. These words, in their figurative uses, have the same distinctions; we speak of infirmity of will, debility of body, and an Imbecility which affects the whole man; but Imbecility is often used with specific reference to feebleness of mind.

Deb"it (?), n. [L. debitum what is due, debt, from debere to owe: cf. F. débit. See Debt.] A debt; an entry on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; -- mostly used adjectively; as, the debit side of an account.

Deb"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Debited; p. pr. & vb. n. Debiting.] 1. To charge with debt; -- the opposite of, and correlative to, credit; as, to debit a purchaser for the goods sold.

2. (Bookkeeping) To enter on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; as, to debit the amount of goods sold.

Deb"it*or (?), n. [L. See Debtor.] A debtor. [Obs.] Shak.

De`bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of depriving of bitumen.

De`bi*tu"mi*nize (?), v. t. To deprive of bitumen.

||Dé`blai" (?), n. [F.] (Fort.) The cavity from which the earth for parapets, etc. (remblai), is taken.

Deb`o*nair" (?), a. [OE. debonere, OF. de bon aire, debonaire, of good descent or lineage, excellent, debonair, F. débonnaire debonair; de of (L. de) + bon good (L. bonus) + aire. See Air, and Bounty, and cf. Bonair.] Characterized by courteousness, affability, or gentleness; of good appearance and manners; graceful; complaisant.

> Was never prince so meek and debonair.

Spenser.

Deb`o*nair"i*ty (?), n. [OF. debonaireté, F. débonnaireté.] Debonairness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Deb`o*nair"ly, adv. Courteously; elegantly.

Deb`o*nair"ness, n. The quality of being debonair; good humor; gentleness; courtesy. Sterne.

De*bosh" (?), v. t. [Old form of debauch.] To debauch. [Obs.] "A deboshed lady." Beau. & Fl.

De*bosh"ment (?), n. Debauchment. [Obs.]

De*bouch" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Debouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Debouching.] [F. déboucher; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + boucher to stop up, fr. bouche mouth, fr. L. bucca the cheek. Cf. Disembogue.] To march out from a wood, defile, or other confined spot, into open ground; to issue.

> Battalions debouching on the plain.

Prescott.

||Dé`bou`ché" (?), n. [F.] A place for exit; an outlet; hence, a market for goods.

> The débouchés were ordered widened to afford easy egress.

The Century.

||Dé`bou`chure" (?), n. [F.] The outward opening of a river, of a valley, or of a strait.

||Dé`bris" (?), n. [F., fr. pref. dé- (L. dis) + briser to break, shatter; perh. of Celtic origin.] 1. (Geol.) Broken and detached fragments, taken collectively; especially, fragments detached from a rock or mountain, and piled up at the base.

2. Rubbish, especially such as results from the destruction of anything; remains; ruins.

De*bruised" (?), a. [Cf. OF. debruisier to shatter, break. Cf. Bruise.] (Her.) Surmounted by an ordinary; as, a lion is debruised when a bend or other ordinary is placed over it, as in the cut.

> The lion of England and the lilies of France without the baton sinister, under which, according to the laws of heraldry, they where debruised in token of his illegitimate birth.

Macaulay.

Debt (?), n. [OE. dette, F. dette, LL. debita, fr. L. debitus owed, p. p. of debere to owe, prop., to have on loan; de- + habere to have. See Habit, and cf. Debit, Due.] 1. That which is due from one person to another, whether money, goods, or services; that which one person is bound to pay to another, or to perform for his benefit; thing owed; obligation; liability.

> Your son, my lord, has paid a soldier's debt.

Shak.

> When you run in debt, you give to another power over your liberty.

Franklin.

2. A duty neglected or violated; a fault; a sin; a trespass. "Forgive us our debts." Matt. vi. 12.

3. (Law) An action at law to recover a certain specified sum of money alleged to be due. Burrill.

Bond debt, Book debt, etc. See under Bond, Book, etc. -- Debt of nature, death.

Debt"ed, p. a. Indebted; obliged to. [R.]

> I stand debted to this gentleman.

Shak.

Debt*ee" (?), n. (Law) One to whom a debt is due; creditor; -- correlative to debtor. Blackstone.

Debt"less (?), a. Free from debt. Chaucer.

Debt"or (?), n. [OE. dettur, dettour, OF. detor, detur, detour, F. débiteur, fr. L. debitor, fr. debere to owe. See Debt.] One who owes a debt; one who is indebted; -- correlative to creditor.

> [I 'll] bring your latter hazard back again,
> And thankfully rest debtor for the first.

Shak.

> In Athens an insolvent debtor became slave to his creditor.

Mitford.

> Debtors for our lives to you.

Tennyson.

De*bul"li*ate (?), v. i. [Pref. dé- + L. bullire to boil.] To boil over. [Obs.]

Deb`ul*li"tion (?), n. [See Debulliate.] A bubbling or boiling over. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*burse" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. de + L. bursa purse.] To disburse. [Obs.] Ludlow.

De"bu*scope (?), n. [From the inventor, Debus, a French optician + -scope.] (Opt.) A modification of the kaleidoscope; -- used to reflect images so as to form beautiful designs.

||Dé`but" (?), n. [F. début, prop., the first cast or throw at play, fr. but aim, mark. See Butt an end.] A beginning or first attempt; hence, a first appearance before the public, as of an actor or public speaker.

||Dé`bu`tant" (?), n.; fem. Dé`bu`tante" (&?;). [F., p. pr. of débuter to have the first throw, to make one's début. See Début.] A person who makes his (or her) first appearance before the public.

Dec"a- (?). [Cf. Ten.] A prefix, from Gr. de`ka, signifying ten; specifically (Metric System), a prefix signifying the weight or measure that is ten times the principal unit.

||De*cac`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ka ten + ke`ras a horn.] (Zoöl.) The division of Cephalopoda which includes the squids, cuttlefishes, and others having ten arms or tentacles; -- called also Decapoda. [Written also Decacera.] See Dibranchiata.

{ Dec"a*chord (?), Dec`a*chor"don (?), } n. [Gr. deka`chordos tenstringed; de`ka ten + chordj` a string.] 1. An ancient Greek musical instrument of ten strings, resembling the harp.

2. Something consisting of ten parts. W. Watson.

Dec`a*cu"mi*na`ted (?), a. [L. decacuminare to cut off the top. See Cacuminate.] Having the point or top cut off. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dec"ad (?), n. A decade.

> Averill was a decad and a half his elder.

Tennyson.

Dec"a*dal (?), a. Pertaining to ten; consisting of tens.

Dec"ade (?), n. [F. décade, L. decas, -adis, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. de`ka ten. See Ten.] A group or division of ten; esp., a period of ten years; a decennium; as, a decade of years or days; a decade of soldiers; the second decade of Livy. [Written also decad.]

> During this notable decade of years.

Gladstone.

{ De*ca"dence (?), De*ca"den*cy (?), } n. [LL. decadentia; L. de- + cadere to fall: cf. F. décadence. See Decay.] A falling away; decay; deterioration; declension. "The old castle, where the family lived in their decadence." Sir W. Scott.

De*ca"dent (?), a. Decaying; deteriorating.

Dec"a*dist (?), n. A writer of a book divided into decades; as, Livy was a decadist. [R.]

Dec"a*gon (?), n. [Pref. deca- + Gr. &?; a corner or angle: cf. F. décagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having ten sides and ten angles; any figure having ten angles. A regular decagon is one that has all its sides and angles equal.

De*cag"o*nal (?), a. Pertaining to a decagon; having ten sides.

{ Dec"a*gram, Dec"a*gramme } (?), n. [F. décagramme; Gr. de`ka ten + F. gramme. See Gram.] A weight of the metric system; ten grams, equal to about 154.32 grains avoirdupois.

||Dec`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ka ten + &?; a woman, a female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants characterized by having ten styles.

{ Dec`a*gyn"i*an (?), Dec*cag"y*nous (?), } a. [Cf. F. décagyne.] (Bot.) Belonging to the Decagynia; having ten styles.

Dec`a*he"dral (?), a. Having ten sides.

Dec`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Decahedrons (#), L. Decahedra (#). [Pref. deca- + Gr. 'e`dra a seat, a base, fr. 'e`zesthai to sit: cf. F. décaèdre.] (Geom.) A solid figure or body inclosed by ten plane surfaces. [Written also, less correctly, decaedron.]

De*cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The removal of calcareous matter.

De*cal"ci*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decalcified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decalcifying.] To deprive of calcareous matter; thus, to decalcify bones is to remove the stony part, and leave only the gelatin.

{ De*cal`co*ma"ni*a (?), De*cal`co*ma"nie (?), } n. [F. décalcomanie.] The art or process of transferring pictures and designs to china, glass, marble, etc., and permanently fixing them thereto.

{ Dec"a*li`ter, Dec"a*li`tre } (?), n. [F. décalitre; Gr. de`ka ten + F. litre. See Liter.] A measure of capacity in the metric system; a cubic volume of ten liters, equal to about 610.24 cubic inches, that is, 2.642 wine gallons.

Dec"a*log (?; 115), n. Decalogue.

De*cal"o*gist (?), n. One who explains the decalogue. J. Gregory.

Dec"a*logue (?; 115), n. [F. décalogue, L. decalogus, fr. Gr. &?;; de`ka ten + &?; speech, &?; to speak, to say. See Ten.] The Ten Commandments or precepts given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and originally written on two tables of stone.

De*cam"e*ron (?), n. [It. decamerone, fr. Gr. de`ka ten + &?; part; though quite generally supposed to be derived from &?; day: cf. F. décaméron.] A celebrated collection of tales, supposed to be related in ten days; -- written in the 14th century, by Boccaccio, an Italian.

{ Dec"a*me`ter, Dec"a*me`tre } (?), n. [F. décamètre; Gr. de`ka ten + mètre. See Meter.] A measure of length in the metric system; ten meters, equal to about 393.7 inches.

De*camp" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decamped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Decamping.] [F. décamper; pref. dé- (L. dis) + camp camp. See Camp.] 1. To break up a camp; to move away from a camping ground, usually by night or secretly. Macaulay.

2. Hence, to depart suddenly; to run away; -- generally used disparagingly.

> The fathers were ordered to decamp, and the house was once again converted into a tavern.

Goldsmith.

De*camp"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. décampement.] Departure from a camp; a marching off.

Dec"a*nal (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. décanal. See Dean.] Pertaining to a dean or deanery.

> His rectorial as well as decanal residence.

Churton.

Decanal side, the side of the choir on which the dean's tall is placed. -- Decanal stall, the stall allotted to the dean in the choir, on the right or south side of the chancel. Shipley.

||De*can"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ka ten + &?;, &?;, a man.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants characterized by having ten stamens.

{ De*can"dri*an (?), De*can"drous (?), } a. [Cf. F. décandre.] (Bot.) Belonging to the Decandria; having ten stamens.

Dec"ane (?), n. [See Deca-.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H22, of the paraffin series, including several isomeric modifications.

Dec*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Pref. deca- + angular.] Having ten angles.

||De*ca"ni (?), a. [L., lit., of the dean.] Used of the side of the choir on which the dean's stall is placed; decanal; -- correlative to cantoris; as, the decanal, or decani, side.

De*cant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Decanting.] [F. décanter (cf. It. decantare), prop., to pour off from the edge of a vessel; pref. dé- (L. de) + OF. cant (It. canto) edge, border, end. See Cant an edge.] To pour off gently, as liquor, so as not to disturb the sediment; or to pour from one vessel into another; as, to decant wine.

De*can"tate (?), v. t. To decant. [Obs.]

De`can*ta"tion (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. décantation.] The act of pouring off a clear liquor gently from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another.

De*cant"er (?), n. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or for receiving decanted liquors; a kind of glass bottle used for holding wine or other liquors, from which drinking glasses are filled.

2. One who decants liquors.

De*caph"yl*lous (?), a. [Pref. deca- + Gr. &?; leaf: cf. F. décaphylle.] (Bot.) Having ten leaves.

De*cap"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decapitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Decapitating.] [LL. decapitatus, p. p. of decapitare; L. de- + caput head. See Chief.] 1. To cut off the head of; to behead.

2. To remove summarily from office. [Colloq. U. S.]

De*cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. decapitatio: cf. F. décapitation.] The act of beheading; beheading.

Dec"a*pod (dk"*pd), n. [Cf. F. décapode.] (Zoöl.) A crustacean with ten feet or legs, as a crab; one of the Decapoda. Also used adjectively.

<! p. 375 !>

||De*cap"o*da (d*kp"*d), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ka ten + poy`s, podo`s, foot.] 1. (Zoöl.) The order of Crustacea which includes the shrimps, lobsters, crabs, etc.

They have a carapace, covering and uniting the somites of the head and thorax and inclosing a gill chamber on each side, and usually have five (rarely six) pairs of legs. They are divided into two principal groups: Brachyura and Macrura. Some writers recognize a third (Anomura) intermediate between the others.

2. (Zoöl.) A division of the dibranchiate cephalopods including the cuttlefishes and squids. See Decacera.

{ De*cap"o*dal (?), De*cap"o*dous (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the decapods; having ten feet; ten-footed.

De*car"bon*ate (?), v. t. To deprive of carbonic acid.

De*car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. The action or process of depriving a substance of carbon.

De*car"bon*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decarbonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decarbonizing.] To deprive of carbon; as, to decarbonize steel; to decarbonize the blood.

Decarbonized iron. See Malleable iron. -- Decarbonized steel, homogenous wrought iron made by a steel process, as that of Bessemer; ingot iron.

De*car"bon*i`zer (?), n. He who, or that which, decarbonizes a substance.

De*car`bu*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act, process, or result of decarburizing.

De*car"bu*rize (?), v. t. To deprive of carbon; to remove the carbon from.

De*card" (?), v. t. To discard. [Obs.]

> You have cast those by, decarded them.

J. Fletcher.

De*car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To depose from the rank of cardinal.

Dec"a*stere (?), n. [L. décastère; Gr. de`ka ten + F. stère a stere.] (Metric System) A measure of capacity, equal to ten steres, or ten cubic meters.

Dec"a*stich (?), n. [Pref. deca- + Gr. sti`chos a row, a line of writing, a verse.] A poem consisting of ten lines.

Dec"a*style (?), a. [Gr. &?;; de`ka ten + sty`los a column.] (Arch.) Having ten columns in front; -- said of a portico, temple, etc. -- n. A portico having ten pillars or columns in front.

Dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [Pref. deca- + syllabic: cf. F. décasyllabique, décasyllable.] Having, or consisting of, ten syllables.

Dec`a*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, decane.

De*cay" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decaying.] [OF. decaeir, dechaer, decheoir, F. déchoir, to decline, fall, become less; L. de- + cadere to fall. See Chance.] To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot; to perish; as, a tree decays; fortunes decay; hopes decay.

> Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
> Where wealth accumulates and men decay.

Goldsmith.

De*cay", v. t. 1. To cause to decay; to impair. [R.]

> Infirmity, that decays the wise.

Shak.

2. To destroy. [Obs.] Shak.

De*cay", n. 1. Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or of any species of excellence or perfection; tendency toward dissolution or extinction; corruption; rottenness; decline; deterioration; as, the decay of the body; the decay of virtue; the decay of the Roman empire; a castle in decay.

> Perhaps my God, though he be far before,
> May turn, and take me by the hand, and more -
> May strengthen my decays.

Herbert.

> His [Johnson's] failure was not to be ascribed to intellectual decay.

Macaulay.

> Which has caused the decay of the consonants to follow somewhat different laws.

James Byrne.

2. Destruction; death. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Cause of decay. [R.]

> He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the decay of the whole age.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Decline; consumption. See Decline.

De*cayed" (?), a. Fallen, as to physical or social condition; affected with decay; rotten; as, decayed vegetation or vegetables; a decayed fortune or gentleman. -- De*cay"ed*ness (#), n.

De*cay"er (?), n. A causer of decay. [R.]

De*cease" (?), n. [OE. deses, deces, F. décès, fr. L. decessus departure, death, fr. decedere to depart, die; de- + cedere to withdraw. See Cease, Cede.] Departure, especially departure from this life; death.

> His decease, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem.

Luke ix. 31.

> And I, the whilst you mourn for his decease,
> Will with my mourning plaints your plaint increase.

Spenser.

Syn. -- Death; departure; dissolution; demise; release. See Death.

De*cease", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deceased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deceasing.] To depart from this life; to die; to pass away.

> She's dead, deceased, she's dead.

Shak.

> When our summers have deceased.

Tennyson.

> Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature.

Emerson.

De*ceased" (?), a. Passed away; dead; gone.

The deceased, the dead person.

De*cede" (?), v. i. [L. decedere. See Decease, n.] To withdraw. [Obs.] Fuller.

De*ce"dent (?), a. [L. decedens, p. pr. of decedere.] Removing; departing. Ash.

De*ce"dent, n. A deceased person. Bouvier.

De*ceit" (?), n. [OF. deceit, desçait, decept (cf. deceite, deçoite), fr. L. deceptus deception, fr. decipere. See Deceive.] 1. An attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any declaration, artifice, or practice, which misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false; a contrivance to entrap; deception; a wily device; fraud.

> Making the ephah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit.

Amos viii. 5.

> Friendly to man, far from deceit or guile.

Milton.

> Yet still we hug the dear deceit.

N. Cotton.

2. (Law) Any trick, collusion, contrivance, false representation, or underhand practice, used to defraud another. When injury is thereby effected, an action of deceit, as it called, lies for compensation.

Syn. -- Deception; fraud; imposition; duplicity; trickery; guile; falsifying; double-dealing; stratagem. See Deception.

De*ceit"ful (?), a. Full of, or characterized by, deceit; serving to mislead or insnare; trickish; fraudulent; cheating; insincere.

> Harboring foul deceitful thoughts.

Shak.

De*ceit"ful*ly, adv. With intent to deceive.

De*ceit"ful*ness, n. 1. The disposition to deceive; as, a man's deceitfulness may be habitual.

2. The quality of being deceitful; as, the deceitfulness of a man's practices.

3. Tendency to mislead or deceive. "The deceitfulness of riches." Matt. xiii. 22.

De*ceit"less, a. Free from deceit. Bp. Hall.

De*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [F. décevable.] 1. Fitted to deceive; deceitful. [Obs.]

> The fraud of deceivable traditions.

Milton.

2. Subject to deceit; capable of being misled.

> Blind, and thereby deceivable.

Milton.

De*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. 1. Capability of deceiving.

> With all deceivableness of unrighteousness.

2 Thess. ii. 10.

2. Liability to be deceived or misled; as, the deceivableness of a child.

De*ceiv"a*bly, adv. In a deceivable manner.

De*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deceiving.] [OE. deceveir, F. décevoir, fr. L. decipere to catch, insnare, deceive; de- + capere to take, catch. See Capable, and cf. Deceit, Deception.] 1. To lead into error; to cause to believe what is false, or disbelieve what is true; to impose upon; to mislead; to cheat; to disappoint; to delude; to insnare.

> Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.

2 Tim. iii. 13.

> Nimble jugglers that deceive the eye.

Shak.

> What can 'scape the eye
> Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart?

Milton.

2. To beguile; to amuse, so as to divert the attention; to while away; to take away as if by deception.

> These occupations oftentimes deceived
> The listless hour.

Wordsworth.

3. To deprive by fraud or stealth; to defraud. [Obs.]

> Plant fruit trees in large borders, and set therein fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Deceive, Delude, Mislead. Deceive is a general word applicable to any kind of misrepresentation affecting faith or life. To delude, primarily, is to make sport of, by deceiving, and is accomplished by playing upon one's imagination or credulity, as by exciting false hopes, causing him to undertake or expect what is impracticable, and making his failure ridiculous. It implies some infirmity of judgment in the victim, and intention to deceive in the deluder. But it is often used reflexively, indicating that a person's own weakness has made him the sport of others or of fortune; as, he deluded himself with a belief that luck would always favor him. To mislead is to lead, guide, or direct in a wrong way, either willfully or ignorantly.

De*ceiv"er (?), n. One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an impostor.

> The deceived and the deceiver are his.

Job xii. 16.

Syn. -- Deceiver, Impostor. A deceiver operates by stealth and in private upon individuals; an impostor practices his arts on the community at large. The one succeeds by artful falsehoods, the other by bold assumption. The faithless friend and the fickle lover are deceivers; the false prophet and the pretended prince are impostors.

De*cem"ber (d*sm"br), n. [F. décembre, from L. December, fr. decem ten; this being the tenth month among the early Romans, who began the year in March. See Ten.] 1. The twelfth and last month of the year, containing thirty-one days. During this month occurs the winter solstice.

2. Fig.: With reference to the end of the year and to the winter season; as, the December of his life.

De`cem*den"tate (?), a. [L. decem ten + E. dentate.] Having ten points or teeth.

De*cem"fid (d*sm"fd), a. [L. decem ten + root of findere to cleave.] (Bot.) Cleft into ten parts.

De`cem*loc"u*lar (?), a. [L. decem ten + E. locular.] (Bot.) Having ten cells for seeds.

De*cem"pe*dal (d*sm"p*dal), a. [L. decem ten + E. pedal.] 1. Ten feet in length.

2. (Zoöl.) Having ten feet; decapodal. [R.] Bailey.

De*cem"vir (?), n.; pl. E. Decemvirs (#), L. Decemviri (#). [L., fr. decem ten + vir a man.] 1. One of a body of ten magistrates in ancient Rome.

The title of decemvirs was given to various bodies of Roman magistrates. The most celebrated decemvirs framed "the laws of the Twelve Tables," about 450 B. C., and had absolute authority for three years.

2. A member of any body of ten men in authority.

De*cem"vi*ral (?), a. [L. decemviralis.] Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome.

De*cem"vi*rate (?), n. [L. decemviratus.] 1. The office or term of office of the decemvirs in Rome.

2. A body of ten men in authority.

De*cem"vir*ship (?), n. The office of a decemvir. Holland.

De"cence (?), n. Decency. [Obs.] Dryden.

De"cen*cy (?), n.; pl. Decencies (#). [L. decentia, fr. decens: cf. F. décence. See Decent.] 1. The quality or state of being decent, suitable, or becoming, in words or behavior; propriety of form in social intercourse, in actions, or in discourse; proper formality; becoming ceremony; seemliness; hence, freedom from obscenity or indecorum; modesty.

> Observances of time, place, and of decency in general.

Burke.

> Immodest words admit of no defense,
> For want of decency is want of sense.

Roscommon.

2. That which is proper or becoming.

> The external decencies of worship.

Atterbury.

> Those thousand decencies, that daily flow
> From all her words and actions.

Milton.

De"cene (?), n. [L. decem ten.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H20, of the ethylene series.

De*cen"na*ry (?), n.; pl. Decennaries (#). [L. decennium a period of ten years; decem ten + annus a year.] 1. A period of ten years.

2. (O. Eng. Law) A tithing consisting of ten neighboring families. Burrill.

De*cen"ni*al (?), a. [See Decennary.] Consisting of ten years; happening every ten years; as, a decennial period; decennial games. Hallam.

De*cen"ni*al, n. A tenth year or tenth anniversary.

||De*cen"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Decenniums (#), L. Decennia (#). [L.] A period of ten years. "The present decennium." Hallam. "The last decennium of Chaucer's life." A. W. Ward.

{ De*cen"no*val (?), De*cen"no*va*ry (?), } a. [L. decem ten + novem nine.] Pertaining to the number nineteen; of nineteen years. [R.] Holder.

De"cent (d"sent), a. [L. decens, decentis, p. pr. of decere to be fitting or becoming; akin to decus glory, honor, ornament, Gr. dokei^n to seem good, to seem, think; cf. Skr. dç to grant, to give; and perh. akin to E. attire, tire: cf. F. décent. Cf. Decorate, Decorum, Deign.] 1. Suitable in words, behavior, dress, or ceremony; becoming; fit; decorous; proper; seemly; as, decent conduct; decent language. Shak.

> Before his decent steps.

Milton.

2. Free from immodesty or obscenity; modest.

3. Comely; shapely; well-formed. [Archaic]

> A sable stole of cyprus lawn
> Over thy decent shoulders drawn.

Milton.

> By foreign hands thy decent limbs composed.

Pope.

4. Moderate, but competent; sufficient; hence, respectable; fairly good; reasonably comfortable or satisfying; as, a decent fortune; a decent person.

> A decent retreat in the mutability of human affairs.

Burke.

-- De"cent*ly, adv. -- De"cent*ness, n.

De*cen`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. The action of decentralizing, or the state of being decentralized. "The decentralization of France." J. P. Peters.

De*cen"tral*ize (?), v. t. To prevent from centralizing; to cause to withdraw from the center or place of concentration; to divide and distribute (what has been united or concentrated); -- esp. said of authority, or the administration of public affairs.

De*cep"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being deceived; deceivable. Sir T. Browne. -- De*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (&?;), n.

De*cep"tion (?), n. [F. déception, L. deceptio, fr. decipere, deceptum. See Deceive.] 1. The act of deceiving or misleading. South.

2. The state of being deceived or misled.

> There is one thing relating either to the action or enjoyments of man in which he is not liable to deception.

South.

3. That which deceives or is intended to deceive; false representation; artifice; cheat; fraud.

> There was of course room for vast deception.

Motley.

Syn. -- Deception, Deceit, Fraud, Imposition. Deception usually refers to the act, and deceit to the habit of the mind; hence we speak of a person as skilled in deception and addicted to deceit. The practice of deceit springs altogether from design, and that of the worst kind; but a deception does not always imply aim and intention. It may be undesigned or accidental. An imposition is an act of deception practiced upon some one to his annoyance or injury; a fraud implies the use of stratagem, with a view to some unlawful gain or advantage.

De*cep"tious (?), a. [LL. deceptiosus.] Tending deceive; delusive. [R.]

> As if those organs had deceptious functions.

Shak.

De*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. déceptif. See Deceive.] Tending to deceive; having power to mislead, or impress with false opinions; as, a deceptive countenance or appearance.

> Language altogether deceptive, and hiding the deeper reality from our eyes.

Trench.

Deceptive cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the subdominant, or in some foreign key, postponing the final close.

De*cep"tive*ly, adv. In a manner to deceive.

De*cep"tive*ness, n. The power or habit of deceiving; tendency or aptness to deceive.

De`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Deceptiveness; a deception; a sham. [R.] Carlyle.

De*cep"to*ry (?), a. [L. deceptorius, from decipere.] Deceptive. [R.]

De*cern" (?), v. t. [L. decernere. See Decree.] 1. To perceive, discern, or decide. [Obs.] Granmer.

2. (Scots Law) To decree; to adjudge.

<! p. 376 !>

De*cern"i*ture (?; 135), n. (Scots Law) A decree or sentence of a court. Stormonth.

De*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. decerpere; de- + carpere to pluck.] To pluck off; to crop; to gather. [Obs.]

De*cerpt" (?), a. [L. decerptus, p. p. of decerpere.] Plucked off or away. [Obs.]

De*cerp"ti*ble (?), a. That may be plucked off, cropped, or torn away. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*cerp"tion (?), n. 1. The act of plucking off; a cropping.

2. That which is plucked off or rent away; a fragment; a piece. Glanvill.

De`cer*ta"tion (?), n. [L. decertatio, fr. decertare, decertatum; de- + certare to contend.] Contest for mastery; contention; strife. [R.] Arnway.

De*ces"sion (?), n. [L. decessio, fr. decedere to depart. See Decease, n.] Departure; decrease; -- opposed to accesion. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

De*charm" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. décharmer. See Charm.] To free from a charm; to disenchant.

De*chris"tian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dechristianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dechristianizing.] To turn from, or divest of, Christianity.

De*cid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being decided; determinable.

De*cide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decided; p. pr. & vb. n. Deciding.] [L. decdere; de- + caedere to cut, cut off; prob. akin to E. shed, v.: cf. F. décider. Cf. Decision.] 1. To cut off; to separate. [Obs.]

> Our seat denies us traffic here;
> The sea, too near, decides us from the rest.

Fuller.

2. To bring to a termination, as a question, controversy, struggle, by giving the victory to one side or party; to render judgment concerning; to determine; to settle.

> So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast decided it.

1 Kings xx. 40.

> The quarrel toucheth none but us alone;
> Betwixt ourselves let us decide it then.

Shak.

De*cide", v. i. To determine; to form a definite opinion; to come to a conclusion; to give decision; as, the court decided in favor of the defendant.

> Who shall decide, when doctors disagree?

Pope.

De*cid"ed (?), a. 1. Free from ambiguity; unequivocal; unmistakable; unquestionable; clear; evident; as, a decided advantage. "A more decided taste for science." Prescott.

2. Free from doubt or wavering; determined; of fixed purpose; fully settled; positive; resolute; as, a decided opinion or purpose.

Syn. -- Decided, Decisive. We call a thing decisive when it has the power or quality of deciding; as, a decisive battle; we speak of it as decided when it is so fully settled as to leave no room for doubt; as, a decided preference, a decided aversion. Hence, a decided victory is one about which there is no question; a decisive victory is one which ends the contest. Decisive is applied only to things; as, a decisive sentence, a decisive decree, a decisive judgment. Decided is applied equally to persons and things. Thus we speak of a man as decided in his whole of conduct; and as having a decided disgust, or a decided reluctance, to certain measures. "A politic caution, a guarded circumspection, were among the ruling principles of our forefathers in their most decided conduct." Burke. "The sentences of superior judges are final, decisive, and irrevocable. Blackstone.

De*cid"ed*ly, adv. In a decided manner; indisputably; clearly; thoroughly.

De*cide"ment (?), n. Means of forming a decision. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Dec"i*dence (?), n. [L. decidens falling off.] A falling off. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

De*cid"er (?), n. One who decides.

||De*cid"u*a (?; 135), n. [NL., fr. L. deciduus. See Deciduous.] (Anat.) The inner layer of the wall of the uterus, which envelops the embryo, forms a part of the placenta, and is discharged with it.

||De*cid`u*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of Mammalia in which a decidua is thrown off with, or after, the fetus, as in the human species.

De*cid"u*ate (?; 135), a. (Anat.) Possessed of, or characterized by, a decidua.

Dec`i*du"i*ty (?), n. Deciduousness. [R.]

De*cid"u*ous (?; 135), a. [L. deciduus, fr. dec&?;dere to fall off; de- + cadere to fall. See Chance.] (Biol.) Falling off, or subject to fall or be shed, at a certain season, or a certain stage or interval of growth, as leaves (except of evergreens) in autumn, or as parts of animals, such as hair, teeth, antlers, etc.; also, shedding leaves or parts at certain seasons, stages, or intervals; as, deciduous trees; the deciduous membrane.

De*cid"u*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being deciduous.

{ Dec"i*gram, Dec"i*gramme } (?), n. [F. décigramme; pref. déci- tenth (fr. L. decimus) + gramme.] A weight in the metric system; one tenth of a gram, equal to 1.5432 grains avoirdupois.

{ Dec"il, Dec"ile } (?), n. [F. décil, fr. L. decem ten&?; cf. It. decile.] (Astrol.) An aspect or position of two planets, when they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zodiac, or 36°.

{ Dec"i*li`ter, Dec"i*li`tre } (?), n. [F. décilitre; pref. déci- tenth (L. decimus) + litre. See Liter.] A measure of capacity or volume in the metric system; one tenth of a liter, equal to 6.1022 cubic inches, or 3.38 fluid ounces.

De*cil"lion (?), n. [L. decem ten + the ending of million.] According to the English notation, a million involved to the tenth power, or a unit with sixty ciphers annexed; according to the French and American notation, a thousand involved to the eleventh power, or a unit with thirty-three ciphers annexed. [See the Note under Numeration.]

De*cil"lionth (?), a. Pertaining to a decillion, or to the quotient of unity divided by a decillion.

De*cil"lionth (?), n. (a) The quotient of unity divided by a decillion. (b) One of a decillion equal parts.

Dec"i*mal (?), a. [F. décimal (cf. LL. decimalis), fr. L. decimus tenth, fr. decem ten. See Ten, and cf. Dime.] Of or pertaining to decimals; numbered or proceeding by tens; having a tenfold increase or decrease, each unit being ten times the unit next smaller; as, decimal notation; a decimal coinage.

Decimal arithmetic, the common arithmetic, in which numeration proceeds by tens. -- Decimal fraction, a fraction in which the denominator is some power of 10, as , , and is usually not expressed, but is signified by a point placed at the left hand of the numerator, as .2, .25. -- Decimal point, a dot or full stop at the left of a decimal fraction. The figures at the left of the point represent units or whole numbers, as 1.05.

Dec"i*mal, n. A number expressed in the scale of tens; specifically, and almost exclusively, used as synonymous with a decimal fraction.

Circulating, or Circulatory, decimal, a decimal fraction in which the same figure, or set of figures, is constantly repeated; as, 0.354354354; - - called also recurring decimal, repeating decimal, and repetend.

Dec"i*mal*ism (?), n. The system of a decimal currency, decimal weights, measures, etc.

Dec"i*mal*ize (?), v. t. To reduce to a decimal system; as, to decimalize the currency. -- Dec`i*mal*i*za"tion (#), n.

Dec"i*mal*ly, adv. By tens; by means of decimals.

Dec"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decimating (?).] [L. decimatus, p. p. of decimare to decimate (in senses 1 & 2), fr. decimus tenth. See Decimal.] 1. To take the tenth part of; to tithe. Johnson.

2. To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man of; as, to decimate a regiment as a punishment for mutiny. Macaulay.

3. To destroy a considerable part of; as, to decimate an army in battle; to decimate a people by disease.

Dec`i*ma"tion (?), n. [L. decimatio: cf. F. décimation.] 1. A tithing. [Obs.] State Trials (1630).

2. A selection of every tenth person by lot, as for punishment. Shak.

3. The destruction of any large proportion, as of people by pestilence or war. Milman.

Dec"i*ma`tor (?), n. [Cf. LL. decimator.] One who decimates. South.

||Dé`cime" (?), n. [F.] A French coin, the tenth part of a franc, equal to about two cents.

{ Dec"i*me`ter, Dec"i*me`tre } (?), n. [F. décimètre; pref. déci- tenth (fr. L. decimus) + mètre. See Meter.] A measure of length in the metric system; one tenth of a meter, equal to 3.937 inches.

Dec`i*mo*sex"to (?), n. [Prop., in sixteenth; fr. L. decimus tenth + sextus sixth.] A book consisting of sheets, each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; - - usually written 16mo or 16°.

Dec`i*mo*sex"to, a. Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; as, a decimosexto form, book, leaf, size.

De"cine (?; 104), n. [From L. decem ten.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H15, of the acetylene series; -- called also decenylene.

De*ci"pher (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deciphered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deciphering.] [Pref. de- + cipher. Formed in imitation of F. déchiffrer. See Cipher.] 1. To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible terms; as, to decipher a letter written in secret characters.

2. To find out, so as to be able to make known the meaning of; to make out or read, as words badly written or partly obliterated; to detect; to reveal; to unfold.

3. To stamp; to detect; to discover. [R.]

> You are both deciphered, . . .
> For villains.

Shak.

De*ci"pher*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deciphered; as, old writings not decipherable.

De*ci"pher*er (?), n. One who deciphers.

De*ci"pher*ess (?), n. A woman who deciphers.

De*ci"pher*ment (?), n. The act of deciphering.

De*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. decipiens, p. pr. of decipere. See Deceive.] State of being deceived; hallucination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

De*cip"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. decipere to deceive.] (Chem.) A supposed rare element, said to be associated with cerium, yttrium, etc., in the mineral samarskite, and more recently called samarium. Symbol Dp. See Samarium.

De*ci"sion (?), n. [L. decisio, fr. decdere, decisum: cf. F. décision. See Decide.] 1. Cutting off; division; detachment of a part. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

2. The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue; determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.

> The decision of some dispute.

Atterbury.

3. An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.

4. The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.

Syn. -- Decision, Determination, Resolution. Each of these words has two meanings, one implying the act of deciding, determining, or resolving; and the other a habit of mind as to doing. It is in the last sense that the words are here compared. Decision is a cutting short. It implies that several courses of action have been presented to the mind, and that the choice is now finally made. It supposes, therefore, a union of promptitude and energy. Determination is the natural consequence of decision. It is the settling of a thing with a fixed purpose to adhere. Resolution is the necessary result in a mind which is characterized by firmness. It is a spirit which scatters (resolves) all doubt, and is ready to face danger or suffering in carrying out one's determinations. Martin Luther was equally distinguished for his prompt decision, his steadfast determination, and his inflexible resolution.

De*ci*sive (?), a. [Cf. F. décisif. See Decision.] 1. Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive. "A decisive, irrevocable doom." Bates. "Decisive campaign." Macaulay. "Decisive proof." Hallam.

2. Marked by promptness and decision.

> A noble instance of this attribute of the decisive character.

J. Foster.

Syn. -- Decided; positive; conclusive. See Decided.

-- De*ci"sive*ly, adv. -- De*ci"sive*ness, n.

De*ci"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. décisoire. See Decision.] Able to decide or determine; having a tendency to decide. [R.]

Dec"i*stere (?), n. [F. décistère; pref. déci- tenth (fr. L. decimus) + stère a stere.] (Metric System) The tenth part of the stere or cubic meter, equal to 3.531 cubic feet. See Stere.

De*cit"i*zen*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of the rights of citizenship. [R.]

> We have no law -- as the French have -- to decitizenize a citizen.

Edw. Bates.

De*civ"i*lize (?), v. t. To reduce from civilization to a savage state. [R.] Blackwood's Mag.

Deck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decking.] [D. dekken to cover; akin to E. thatch. See Thatch.] 1. To cover; to overspread.

> To deck with clouds the uncolored sky.

Milton.

2. To dress, as the person; to clothe; especially, to clothe with more than ordinary elegance; to array; to adorn; to embellish.

> Deck thyself now with majesty and excellency.

Job xl. 10.

> And deck my body in gay ornaments.

Shak.

> The dew with spangles decked the ground.

Dryden.

3. To furnish with a deck, as a vessel.

Deck, n. [D. dek. See Deck, v.] 1. The floorlike covering of the horizontal sections, or compartments, of a ship. Small vessels have only one deck; larger ships have two or three decks.

The following are the more common names of the decks of vessels having more than one.

Berth deck (Navy), a deck next below the gun deck, where the hammocks of the crew are swung. -- Boiler deck (River Steamers), the deck on which the boilers are placed. -- Flush deck, any continuous, unbroken deck from stem to stern. -- Gun deck (Navy), a deck below the spar deck, on which the ship's guns are carried. If there are two gun decks, the upper one is called the main deck, the lower, the lower gun deck; if there are three, one is called the middle gun deck. -- Half-deck, that portion of the deck next below the spar deck which is between the mainmast and the cabin. -- Hurricane deck (River Steamers, etc.), the upper deck, usually a light deck, erected above the frame of the hull. -- Orlop deck, the deck or part of a deck where the cables are stowed, usually below the water line. -- Poop deck, the deck forming the roof of a poop or poop cabin, built on the upper deck and extending from the mizzenmast aft. -- Quarter-deck, the part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one. -- Spar deck. (a) Same as the upper deck. (b) Sometimes a light deck fitted over the upper deck. -- Upper deck, the highest deck of the hull, extending from stem to stern.

2. (arch.) The upper part or top of a mansard roof or curb roof when made nearly flat.

3. (Railroad) The roof of a passenger car.

4. A pack or set of playing cards.

> The king was slyly fingered from the deck.

Shak.

5. A heap or store. [Obs.]

> Who . . . hath such trinkets
> Ready in the deck.

Massinger.

Between decks. See under Between. -- Deck bridge (Railroad Engineering), a bridge which carries the track upon the upper chords; -- distinguished from a through bridge, which carries the track upon the lower chords, between the girders. -- Deck curb (Arch.), a curb supporting a deck in roof construction. -- Deck floor (Arch.), a floor which serves also as a roof, as of a belfry or balcony. -- Deck hand, a sailor hired to help on the vessel's deck, but not expected to go aloft. -- Deck molding (Arch.), the molded finish of the edge of a deck, making the junction with the lower slope of the roof. -- Deck roof (Arch.), a nearly flat roof which is not surmounted by parapet walls. -- Deck transom (Shipbuilding), the transom into which the deck is framed. -- To clear the decks (Naut.), to remove every unnecessary incumbrance in preparation for battle; to prepare for action. -- To sweep the deck (Card Playing), to clear off all the stakes on the table by winning them.

Deck"el (?), n. (Paper Making) Same as Deckle.

Deck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, decks or adorns; a coverer; as, a table decker.

2. A vessel which has a deck or decks; -- used esp. in composition; as, a single-decker; a three- decker.

Dec"kle (dk"k'l), n. [Cf. G. deckel cover, lid.] (Paper Making) A separate thin wooden frame used to form the border of a hand mold, or a curb of India rubber or other material which rests on, and forms the edge of, the mold in a paper machine and determines the width of the paper. [Spelt also deckel, and dekle.]

De*claim" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Declaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Declaiming.] [L. declamare; de- + clamare to cry out: cf. F. déclamer. See Claim.] 1. To speak rhetorically; to make a formal speech or oration; to harangue; specifically, to recite a speech, poem, etc., in public as a rhetorical exercise; to practice public speaking; as, the students declaim twice a week.

2. To speak for rhetorical display; to speak pompously, noisily, or theatrically; to make an empty speech; to rehearse trite arguments in debate; to rant.

> Grenville seized the opportunity to declaim on the repeal of the stamp act.

Bancroft.

<! p. 377 !>

De*claim" (?), v. t. 1. To utter in public; to deliver in a rhetorical or set manner.

2. To defend by declamation; to advocate loudly. [Obs.] "Declaims his cause." South.

De*claim"ant (?), n. A declaimer. [R.]

De*claim"er (?), n. One who declaims; an haranguer.

Dec`la*ma"tion (?), n. [L. declamatio, from declamare: cf. F. déclamation. See Declaim.] 1. The act or art of declaiming; rhetorical delivery; haranguing; loud speaking in public; especially, the public recitation of speeches as an exercise in schools and colleges; as, the practice declamation by students.

> The public listened with little emotion, but with much civility, to five acts of monotonous declamation.

Macaulay.

2. A set or harangue; declamatory discourse.

3. Pretentious rhetorical display, with more sound than sense; as, mere declamation.

Dec"la*ma`tor (?), n. [L.] A declaimer. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

De*clam"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. declamatorius: cf. F. déclamatoire.] 1. Pertaining to declamation; treated in the manner of a rhetorician; as, a declamatory theme.

2. Characterized by rhetorical display; pretentiously rhetorical; without solid sense or argument; bombastic; noisy; as, a declamatory way or style.

De*clar"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being declared. Sir T. Browne.

De*clar"ant (?), n. [Cf. F. déclarant, p. pr. of déclarer.] (Law) One who declares. Abbott.

Dec`la*ra"tion (?), n. [F. déclaration, fr. L. declaratio, fr. declarare. See Declare.] 1. The act of declaring, or publicly announcing; explicit asserting; undisguised token of a ground or side taken on any subject; proclamation; exposition; as, the declaration of an opinion; a declaration of war, etc.

2. That which is declared or proclaimed; announcement; distinct statement; formal expression; avowal.

> Declarations of mercy and love . . . in the Gospel.

Tillotson.

3. The document or instrument containing such statement or proclamation; as, the Declaration of Independence (now preserved in Washington).

> In 1776 the Americans laid before Europe that noble Declaration, which ought to be hung up in the nursery of every king, and blazoned on the porch of every royal palace.

Buckle.

4. (Law) That part of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth in order and at large his cause of complaint; the narration of the plaintiff's case containing the count, or counts. See Count, n., 3.

Declaration of Independence. (Amer. Hist.) See under Independence. -- Declaration of rights. (Eng. Hist) See Bill of rights, under Bill. -- Declaration of trust (Law), a paper subscribed by a grantee of property, acknowledging that he holds it in trust for the purposes and upon the terms set forth. Abbott.

De*clar"a*tive (?), a. [L. declarativus, fr. declarare: cf. F. déclaratif.] Making declaration, proclamation, or publication; explanatory; assertive; declaratory. "Declarative laws." Baker.

> The "vox populi," so declarative on the same side.

Swift.

De*clar"a*tive*ly, adv. By distinct assertion; not impliedly; in the form of a declaration.

> The priest shall expiate it, that is, declaratively.

Bates.

Dec"la*ra`tor (?), n. [L., an announcer.] (Scots Law) A form of action by which some right or interest is sought to be judicially declared.

De*clar"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a declaratory manner.

De*clar"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. déclaratoire.] Making declaration, explanation, or exhibition; making clear or manifest; affirmative; expressive; as, a clause declaratory of the will of the legislature.

Declaratory act (Law), an act or statute which sets forth more clearly, and declares what is, the existing law.

De*clare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Declared (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Declaring.] [F. déclarer, from L. declarare; de + clarare to make clear, clarus, clear, bright. See Clear.] 1. To make clear; to free from obscurity. [Obs.] "To declare this a little." Boyle.

2. To make known by language; to communicate or manifest explicitly and plainly in any way; to exhibit; to publish; to proclaim; to announce.

> This day I have begot whom I declare
> My only Son.

Milton.

> The heavens declare the glory of God.

Ps. xix. 1.

3. To make declaration of; to assert; to affirm; to set forth; to avow; as, he declares the story to be false.

> I the Lord . . . declare things that are right.

Isa. xlv. 19.

4. (Com.) To make full statement of, as goods, etc., for the purpose of paying taxes, duties, etc.

To declare off, to recede from an agreement, undertaking, contract, etc.; to renounce. -- To declare one's self, to avow one's opinion; to show openly what one thinks, or which side he espouses.

De*clare", v. i. 1. To make a declaration, or an open and explicit avowal; to proclaim one's self; -- often with for or against; as, victory declares against the allies.

> Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait,
> And then come smiling, and declare for fate.

Dryden.

2. (Law) To state the plaintiff's cause of action at law in a legal form; as, the plaintiff declares in trespass.

De*clar"ed*ly (?), adv. Avowedly; explicitly.

De*clar"ed*ness, n. The state of being declared.

De*clare"ment (?), n. Declaration. [Obs.]

De*clar"er (?), n. One who makes known or proclaims; that which exhibits. Udall.

De*clen"sion (?), n. [Apparently corrupted fr. F. déclinaison, fr. L. declinatio, fr. declinare. See Decline, and cf. Declination.] 1. The act or the state of declining; declination; descent; slope.

> The declension of the land from that place to the sea.

T. Burnet.

2. A falling off towards a worse state; a downward tendency; deterioration; decay; as, the declension of virtue, of science, of a state, etc.

> Seduced the pitch and height of all his thoughts
> To base declension.

Shak.

3. Act of courteously refusing; act of declining; a declinature; refusal; as, the declension of a nomination.

4. (Gram.) (a) Inflection of nouns, adjectives, etc., according to the grammatical cases. (b) The form of the inflection of a word declined by cases; as, the first or the second declension of nouns, adjectives, etc. (c) Rehearsing a word as declined.

The nominative was held to be the primary and original form, and was likened to a perpendicular line; the variations, or oblique cases, were regarded as fallings (hence called casus, cases, or fallings) from the nominative or perpendicular; and an enumerating of the various forms, being a sort of progressive descent from the noun's upright form, was called a declension. Harris.

Declension of the needle, declination of the needle.

De*clen"sion*al (?), a. Belonging to declension.

> Declensional and syntactical forms.

M. Arnold.

De*clin"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déclinable. See Decline.] Capable of being declined; admitting of declension or inflection; as, declinable parts of speech.

De*clin"al (?), a. Declining; sloping.

Dec"li*nate (?), a. [L. declinatus, p. p. of declinare. See Decline.] Bent downward or aside; (Bot.) bending downward in a curve; declined.

Dec`li*na"tion (?), n. [L. declinatio a bending aside, an avoiding: cf. F. déclination a decadence. See Declension.] 1. The act or state of bending downward; inclination; as, declination of the head.

2. The act or state of falling off or declining from excellence or perfection; deterioration; decay; decline. "The declination of monarchy." Bacon.

> Summer . . . is not looked on as a time
> Of declination or decay.

Waller.

3. The act of deviating or turning aside; oblique motion; obliquity; withdrawal.

> The declination of atoms in their descent.

Bentley.

> Every declination and violation of the rules.

South.

4. The act or state of declining or refusing; withdrawal; refusal; averseness.

> The queen's declination from marriage.

Stow.

5. (Astron.) The angular distance of any object from the celestial equator, either northward or southward.

6. (Dialing) The arc of the horizon, contained between the vertical plane and the prime vertical circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the meridian and the plane, reckoned from the north or south.

7. (Gram.) The act of inflecting a word; declension. See Decline, v. t., 4.

Angle of declination, the angle made by a descending line, or plane, with a horizontal plane. -- Circle of declination, a circle parallel to the celestial equator. -- Declination compass (Physics), a compass arranged for finding the declination of the magnetic needle. -- Declination of the compass or needle, the horizontal angle which the magnetic needle makes with the true north-and-south line.

Dec"li*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. déclinateur. See Decline.] 1. An instrument for taking the declination or angle which a plane makes with the horizontal plane.

2. A dissentient. [R.] Bp. Hacket.

De*clin"a*to*ry (?; 277), a. [LL. declinatorius, fr. L. declinare: cf. F. déclinatoire.] Containing or involving a declination or refusal, as of submission to a charge or sentence. Blackstone.

Declinatory plea (O. Eng. Law), the plea of sanctuary or of benefit of clergy, before trial or conviction; -- now abolished.

De*clin"a*ture (?; 135), n. The act of declining or refusing; as, the declinature of an office.

De*cline" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Declined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Declining.] [OE. declinen to bend down, lower, sink, decline (a noun), F. décliner to decline, refuse, fr. L. declinare to turn aside, inflect (a part of speech), avoid; de- + clinare to incline; akin to E. lean. See Lean, v. i.] 1. To bend, or lean downward; to take a downward direction; to bend over or hang down, as from weakness, weariness, despondency, etc.; to condescend. "With declining head." Shak.

> He . . . would decline even to the lowest of his family.

Lady Hutchinson.

> Disdaining to decline,
> Slowly he falls, amidst triumphant cries.

Byron.

> The ground at length became broken and declined rapidly.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To tend or draw towards a close, decay, or extinction; to tend to a less perfect state; to become diminished or impaired; to fail; to sink; to diminish; to lessen; as, the day declines; virtue declines; religion declines; business declines.

> That empire must decline
> Whose chief support and sinews are of coin.

Waller.

> And presume to know . . .
> Who thrives, and who declines.

Shak.

3. To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw; as, a line that declines from straightness; conduct that declines from sound morals.

> Yet do I not decline from thy testimonies.

Ps. cxix. 157.

4. To turn away; to shun; to refuse; -- the opposite of accept or consent; as, he declined, upon principle.

De*cline", v. t. 1. To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall.

> In melancholy deep, with head declined.

Thomson.

> And now fair Phoebus gan decline in haste
> His weary wagon to the western vale.

Spenser.

2. To cause to decrease or diminish. [Obs.] "You have declined his means." Beau. & Fl.

> He knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it.

Burton.

3. To put or turn aside; to turn off or away from; to refuse to undertake or comply with; reject; to shun; to avoid; as, to decline an offer; to decline a contest; he declined any participation with them.

> Could I
> Decline this dreadful hour?

Massinger.

4. (Gram.) To inflect, or rehearse in order the changes of grammatical form of; as, to decline a noun or an adjective.

Now restricted to such words as have case inflections; but formerly it was applied both to declension and conjugation.

> After the first declining of a noun and a verb.

Ascham.

5. To run through from first to last; to repeat like a schoolboy declining a noun. [R.] Shak.

De*cline" (?), n. [F. déclin. See Decline, v. i.] 1. A falling off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or decay; deterioration; also, the period when a thing is tending toward extinction or a less perfect state; as, the decline of life; the decline of strength; the decline of virtue and religion.

> Their fathers lived in the decline of literature.

Swift.

2. (Med.) That period of a disorder or paroxysm when the symptoms begin to abate in violence; as, the decline of a fever.

3. A gradual sinking and wasting away of the physical faculties; any wasting disease, esp. pulmonary consumption; as, to die of a decline. Dunglison.

Syn. -- Decline, Decay, Consumption. Decline marks the first stage in a downward progress; decay indicates the second stage, and denotes a tendency to ultimate destruction; consumption marks a steady decay from an internal exhaustion of strength. The health may experience a decline from various causes at any period of life; it is naturally subject to decay with the advance of old age; consumption may take place at almost any period of life, from disease which wears out the constitution. In popular language decline is often used as synonymous with consumption. By a gradual decline, states and communities lose their strength and vigor; by progressive decay, they are stripped of their honor, stability, and greatness; by a consumption of their resources and vital energy, they are led rapidly on to a completion of their existence.

De*clined" (?), a. Declinate.

De*clin"er (?), n. He who declines or rejects.

> A studious decliner of honors.

Evelyn.

Dec`li*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Decline + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the declination of the magnetic needle.

De*clin"ous (?), a. Declinate.

{ De*cliv"i*tous (?), De*cli"vous (?), } a. Descending gradually; moderately steep; sloping; downhill.

De*cliv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Declivities (#). [L. declivitas, fr. declivis sloping, downhill; de + clivus a slope, a hill; akin to clinare to incline: cf. F. déclivité. See Decline.] 1. Deviation from a horizontal line; gradual descent of surface; inclination downward; slope; -- opposed to acclivity, or ascent; the same slope, considered as descending, being a declivity, which, considered as ascending, is an acclivity.

2. A descending surface; a sloping place.

> Commodious declivities and channels for the passage of the waters.

Derham.

De*coct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decocted; p. pr. & vb. n. Decocting.] [L. decoctus, p. p. of decoquere to boil down; de- + coquere to cook, boil. See Cook to decoct.] 1. To prepare by boiling; to digest in hot or boiling water; to extract the strength or flavor of by boiling; to make an infusion of.

2. To prepare by the heat of the stomach for assimilation; to digest; to concoct.

3. To warm, strengthen, or invigorate, as if by boiling. [R.] "Decoct their cold blood." Shak.

De*coct"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being boiled or digested.

De*coc"tion (?), n. [F. décoction, L. decoctio.] 1. The act or process of boiling anything in a watery fluid to extract its virtues.

> In decoction . . . it either purgeth at the top or settleth at the bottom.

Bacon.

2. An extract got from a body by boiling it in water.

> If the plant be boiled in water, the strained liquor is called the decoction of the plant.

Arbuthnot.

> In pharmacy decoction is opposed to infusion, where there is merely steeping.

Latham.

De*coc"ture (?; 135), n. A decoction. [R.]

De*col"late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decollated; p. pr. & vb. n. Decollating.] [L. decollatus, p. p. of decollare to behead; de- + collum neck.] To sever from the neck; to behead; to decapitate.

> The decollated head of St. John the Baptist.

Burke.

De*col"la*ted (?), a. (Zoöl.) Decapitated; worn or cast off in the process of growth, as the apex of certain univalve shells.

De`col*la"tion (?), n. [L. decollatio: cf. F. décollation.] 1. The act of beheading or state of one beheaded; -- especially used of the execution of St. John the Baptist.

2. A painting representing the beheading of a saint or martyr, esp. of St. John the Baptist.

||Dé`col`le*té" (?), a. [F., p. p. of décolleter to bare the neck and shoulders; dé- + collet collar, fr. L. collum neck.] Leaving the neck and shoulders uncovered; cut low in the neck, or low-necked, as a dress.

De*col"ling (?), n. Beheading. [R.]

> By a speedy dethroning and decolling of the king.

Parliamentary History (1648).

De*col"or (?), v. t. [Cf. F. décolorer, L. decolorare. Cf. Discolor.] To deprive of color; to bleach.

De*col"or*ant (?), n. [Cf. F. décolorant, p. pr.] A substance which removes color, or bleaches.

De*col"or*ate (?), a. [L. decoloratus, p. p. of decolorare.] Deprived of color.

De*col"or*ate (?), v. t. To decolor.

<! p. 378 !>

De*col`or*a"tion (?), n. [L. decoloratio: cf. F. décoloration.] The removal or absence of color. Ferrand.

De*col"or*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of color; to whiten. Turner. -- De*col`or*i*za"tion (#), n.

De"com*plex` (?), a. [Pref. de- (intens.) + complex.] Repeatedly compound; made up of complex constituents.

De`com*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being resolved into constituent elements.

De`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decomposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decomposing.] [Cf. F. décomposer. Cf. Discompose.] To separate the constituent parts of; to resolve into original elements; to set free from previously existing forms of chemical combination; to bring to dissolution; to rot or decay.

De`com*pose", v. i. To become resolved or returned from existing combinations; to undergo dissolution; to decay; to rot.

De`com*posed" (?), a. (Zoöl.) Separated or broken up; -- said of the crest of birds when the feathers are divergent.

De`com*pos"ite (?), a. [Pref. de- (intens.) + composite.] 1. Compounded more than once; compounded with things already composite.

2. (Bot.) See Decompound, a., 2.

De`com*pos"ite, n. Anything decompounded.

> Decomposites of three metals or more.

Bacon.

De*com`po*si"tion (?), n. [Pref. de- (in sense 3 intensive) + composition: cf. F. décomposition. Cf. Decomposition.] 1. The act or process of resolving the constituent parts of a compound body or substance into its elementary parts; separation into constituent part; analysis; the decay or dissolution consequent on the removal or alteration of some of the ingredients of a compound; disintegration; as, the decomposition of wood, rocks, etc.

2. The state of being reduced into original elements.

3. Repeated composition; a combination of compounds. [Obs.]

Decomposition of forces. Same as Resolution of forces, under Resolution. -- Decomposition of light, the division of light into the prismatic colors.

De`com*pound" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decompounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Decompounding.] [Pref. de- (intens. in sense 1) + compound, v. t.] 1. To compound or mix with that is already compound; to compound a second time.

2. To reduce to constituent parts; to decompose.

> It divides and decompounds objects into . . . parts.

Hazlitt.

De`com*pound", a. [Pref. de- (intens.) + compound, a.] 1. Compound of what is already compounded; compounded a second time.

2. (Bot.) Several times compounded or divided, as a leaf or stem; decomposite.

De`com*pound", n. A decomposite.

De`com*pound"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being decompounded.

De`con*cen"trate (?), v. t. To withdraw from concentration; to decentralize. [R.]

De*con`cen*tra"tion (?), n. Act of deconcentrating. [R.]

De`con*coct" (?), v. t. To decompose. [R.] Fuller.

De*con"se*crate (?), v. t. To deprive of sacredness; to secularize. -- De*con`se*cra"tion (#), n.

Dec"o*ra*ment (?), n. [L. decoramentum. See Decorate, v. t.] Ornament. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dec"o*rate (dk"*rt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decorated (dk"*r`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Decorating (-r`tng).] [L. decoratus, p. p. of decorare, fr. decus ornament; akin to decere to be becoming. See Decent.] To deck with that which is becoming, ornamental, or honorary; to adorn; to beautify; to embellish; as, to decorate the person; to decorate an edifice; to decorate a lawn with flowers; to decorate the mind with moral beauties; to decorate a hero with honors.

> Her fat neck was ornamented with jewels, rich bracelets decorated her arms.

Thackeray.

Syn. -- To adorn; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace. See Adorn.

Decorated style (Arch.), a name given by some writers to the perfected English Gothic architecture; it may be considered as having flourished from about a. d. 1300 to a. d. 1375.

Dec`o*ra"tion (dk`*r"shn), n. [LL. decoratio: cf. F. décoration.] 1. The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.

2. That which adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment; ornament.

> The hall was celebrated for . . . the richness of its decoration.

Motley.

3. Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.

Decoration Day, a day, May 30, appointed for decorating with flowers the graves of the Union soldiers and sailors, who fell in the Civil War in the United States; Memorial Day. [U.S.]

Dec"o*ra*tive (dk"*r*tv or -r*tv), a. [Cf. F. décoratif.] Suited to decorate or embellish; adorning. -- Dec"o*ra*tive*ness, n.

Decorative art, fine art which has for its end ornamentation, rather than the representation of objects or events.

Dec"o*ra`tor (-r"tr), n. [Cf. F. décorateur.] One who decorates, adorns, or embellishes; specifically, an artisan whose business is the decoration of houses, esp. their interior decoration.

De*core" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. décorer. See Decorate.] To decorate; to beautify. [Obs.]

> To decore and beautify the house of God.

E. Hall.

De*core"ment (?), n. Ornament. [Obs.]

De*co"rous (?; 277), a. [L. decrus, fr. decor comeliness, beauty; akin to decere. See Decent, and cf. Decorum.] Suitable to a character, or to the time, place, and occasion; marked with decorum; becoming; proper; seemly; befitting; as, a decorous speech; decorous behavior; a decorous dress for a judge.

> A decorous pretext the war.

Motley.

-- De*co"rous*ly, adv. -- De*co"rous*ness, n.

De*cor"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decorticated; p. pr. & vb. n. Decorticating.] [L. decorticatus, p. p. of decorticare to bark; de- + cortex bark.] To divest of the bark, husk, or exterior coating; to husk; to peel; to hull. "Great barley dried and decorticated." Arbuthnot.

De*cor`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [L. decorticatio: cf. F. décortication.] The act of stripping off the bark, rind, hull, or outer coat.

De*cor"ti*ca`tor (?), n. A machine for decorticating wood, hulling grain, etc.; also, an instrument for removing surplus bark or moss from fruit trees.

De*cor"um (?), n. [L. decrum, fr. decrus. See Decorous.] Propriety of manner or conduct; grace arising from suitableness of speech and behavior to one's own character, or to the place and occasion; decency of conduct; seemliness; that which is seemly or suitable.

> Negligent of the duties and decorums of his station.

Hallam.

> If your master
> Would have a queen his beggar, you must tell him,
> That majesty, to keep decorum, must
> No less beg than a kingdom.

Shak.

Syn. -- Decorum, Dignity. Decorum, in accordance with its etymology, is that which is becoming in outward act or appearance; as, the decorum of a public assembly. Dignity springs from an inward elevation of soul producing a corresponding effect on the manners; as, dignity of personal appearance.

De*coy" (d*koi"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decoyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decoying.] [Pref. de- + coy; orig., to quiet, soothe, caress, entice. See Coy.] To lead into danger by artifice; to lure into a net or snare; to entrap; to insnare; to allure; to entice; as, to decoy troops into an ambush; to decoy ducks into a net.

> Did to a lonely cot his steps decoy.

Thomson.

> E'en while fashion's brightest arts decoy,
> The heart, distrusting, asks if this be joy.

Goldsmith.

Syn. -- To entice; tempt; allure; lure. See Allure.

De*coy", n. 1. Anything intended to lead into a snare; a lure that deceives and misleads into danger, or into the power of an enemy; a bait.

2. A fowl, or the likeness of one, used by sportsmen to entice other fowl into a net or within shot.

3. A place into which wild fowl, esp. ducks, are enticed in order to take or shoot them.

4. A person employed by officers of justice, or parties exposed to injury, to induce a suspected person to commit an offense under circumstances that will lead to his detection.

De*coy"-duck` (?), n. A duck used to lure wild ducks into a decoy; hence, a person employed to lure others into danger. Beau. & Fl.

De*coy"er (?), n. One who decoys another.

De*coy"-man` (?), n.; pl. Decoy-men (&?;). A man employed in decoying wild fowl.

De*crease" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Decreased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decreasing.] [OE. decrecen, fr. OF. decreistre, F. décroître, or from the OF. noun (see Decrease, n.), fr. L. decrescere to grow less; de + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Increase.] To grow less, -- opposed to increase; to be diminished gradually, in size, degree, number, duration, etc., or in strength, quality, or excellence; as, they days decrease in length from June to December.

> He must increase, but I must decrease.

John iii. 30.

Syn. -- To Decrease, Diminish. Things usually decrease or fall off by degrees, and from within, or through some cause which is imperceptible; as, the flood decreases; the cold decreases; their affection has decreased. Things commonly diminish by an influence from without, or one which is apparent; as, the army was diminished by disease; his property is diminishing through extravagance; their affection has diminished since their separation their separation. The turn of thought, however, is often such that these words may be interchanged.

> The olive leaf, which certainly them told
> The flood decreased.

Drayton.

> Crete's ample fields diminish to our eye;
> Before the Boreal blasts the vessels fly.

Pope.

De*crease", v. t. To cause to grow less; to diminish gradually; as, extravagance decreases one's means.

> That might decrease their present store.

Prior.

De*crease", n. [OE. decrees, OF. decreis, fr. decreistre. See Decrease, v.] 1. A becoming less; gradual diminution; decay; as, a decrease of revenue or of strength.

2. The wane of the moon. Bacon.

De*crease"less, a. Suffering no decrease. [R.]

> It [the river] flows and flows, and yet will flow,
> Volume decreaseless to the final hour.

A. Seward.

De*creas"ing, a. Becoming less and less; diminishing. -- De*creas"ing*ly, adv.

Decreasing series (Math.), a series in which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding term.

De`cre*a"tion (?), n. Destruction; -- opposed to creation. [R.] Cudworth.

De*cree" (?), n. [OE. decre, F. décret, fr. L. decretum, neut. decretus, p. p. of decernere to decide; de- + cernere to decide. See Certain, and cf. Decreet, Decretal.] 1. An order from one having authority, deciding what is to be done by a subordinate; also, a determination by one having power, deciding what is to be done or to take place; edict, law; authoritative ru&?;&?; decision. "The decrees of Venice." Sh&?;&?;&?;.

> There went out a decree from Cæsar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.

Luke ii. 1.

> Poor hand, why quiverest thou at this decree?

Shak.

2. (Law) (a) A decision, order, or sentence, given in a cause by a court of equity or admiralty. (b) A determination or judgment of an umpire on a case submitted to him. Brande.

3. (Eccl.) An edict or law made by a council for regulating any business within their jurisdiction; as, the decrees of ecclesiastical councils.

Syn. -- Law; regulation; edict; ordinance. See Law.

De*cree" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decreed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decreeing.] 1. To determine judicially by authority, or by decree; to constitute by edict; to appoint by decree or law; to determine; to order; to ordain; as, a court decrees a restoration of property.

> Thou shalt also decree a thing, and it shall be established unto thee.

Job xxii. 28.

2. To ordain by fate.

De*cree", v. i. To make decrees; - - used absolutely.

> Father eternal! thine is to decree;
> Mine, both in heaven and earth to do thy will.

Milton.

De*cree"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being decreed.

De*cre"er (?), n. One who decrees. J. Goodwin.

De*creet" (?), n. [Cf. Decree.] (Scots Law) The final judgment of the Court of Session, or of an inferior court, by which the question at issue is decided.

Dec"re*ment (?), n. [L. decrementum, fr. decrescere. See Decrease.] 1. The state of becoming gradually less; decrease; diminution; waste; loss.

> Twit me with the decrements of my pendants.

Ford.

> Rocks, mountains, and the other elevations of the earth suffer a continual decrement.

Woodward.

2. The quantity lost by gradual diminution or waste; -- opposed to increment.

3. (Crystallog.) A name given by Haüy to the successive diminution of the layers of molecules, applied to the faces of the primitive form, by which he supposed the secondary forms to be produced.

4. (Math.) The quantity by which a variable is diminished.

Equal decrement of life. (a) The decrease of life in a group of persons in which the assumed law of mortality is such that of a given large number of persons, all being now of the same age, an equal number shall die each consecutive year. (b) The decrease of life in a group of persons in which the assumed law of mortality is such that the ratio of those dying in a year to those living through the year is constant, being independent of the age of the persons.

De*crep"it (?), a. [L. decrepitus, perhaps orig., noised out, noiseless, applied to old people, who creep about quietly; de- + crepare to make a noise, rattle: cf. F. décrépit. See Crepitate.] Broken down with age; wasted and enfeebled by the infirmities of old age; feeble; worn out. "Beggary or decrepit age." Milton.

> Already decrepit with premature old age.

Motley.

Sometimes incorrectly written decrepid.

De*crep"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decrepitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Decrepitating.] [Cf. F. décrépiter.] To roast or calcine so as to cause a crackling noise; as, to decrepitate salt.

De*crep"i*tate, v. i. To crackle, as salt in roasting.

De*crep`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. décrépitation.] The act of decrepitating; a crackling noise, such as salt makes when roasting.

De*crep"it*ness (?), n. Decrepitude. [R.] Barrow.

De*crep"i*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. décrépitude.] The broken state produced by decay and the infirmities of age; infirm old age.

||De`cres*cen"do (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) With decreasing volume of sound; -- a direction to performers, either written upon the staff (abbreviated Dec., or Decresc.), or indicated by the sign.

De*cres"cent (?), a. [L. decrescens, p. pr. of decrescere. See Decrease.] Becoming less by gradual diminution; decreasing; as, a decrescent moon.

De*cres"cent, n. (Her.) A crescent with the horns directed towards the sinister. Cussans.

De*cre"tal (?), a. [L. decretalis, fr. decretum. See Decree.] Appertaining to a decree; containing a decree; as, a decretal epistle. Ayliffe.

De*cre"tal, n. [LL. decretale, neut. of L. decretalis. See Decretal, a.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) An authoritative order or decree; especially, a letter of the pope, determining some point or question in ecclesiastical law. The decretals form the second part of the canon law.

2. (Canon Law) The collection of ecclesiastical decrees and decisions made, by order of Gregory IX., in 1234, by St. Raymond of Pennafort.

De*crete" (?), n. [L. decretum. See Decree.] A decree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*cre"tion (?), n. [From L. decrescere, decretum. See Decrease.] A decrease. [Obs.] Pearson.

De*cre"tist (?), n. [LL. decretista, fr. decretum: cf. F. décrétiste. See Decree, n.] One who studies, or professes the knowledge of, the decretals.

De*cre"tive (?), a. [From L. decretum. See Decree, n.] Having the force of a decree; determining.

> The will of God is either decretive or perceptive.

Bates.

Dec`re*to"ri*al (?), a. Decretory; authoritative. Sir T. Browne.

Dec"re*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a decretory or definitive manner; by decree.

Dec"re*to*ry (?), a. [L. decretorius, from decretum. See Decree.] 1. Established by a decree; definitive; settled.

> The decretory rigors of a condemning sentence.

South.

2. Serving to determine; critical. "The critical or decretory days." Sir T. Browne.

<! p. 379 !>

De*crew" (?), v. i. [F. décrue, n., decrease, and décru, p. p. of décroître. See Decrease, and cf. Accrue.] To decrease. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*cri"al (?), n. [See Decry.] A crying down; a clamorous censure; condemnation by censure.

De*cri"er (?), n. One who decries.

De*crown" (?), v. t. To deprive of a crown; to discrown. [R.] Hakewill.

De`crus*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. décrustation.] The removal of a crust.

De*cry" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decrying.] [F. décrier, OF. descrier; pref. des- (L. dis-) + crier to cry. See Cry, and cf. Descry.] To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless; to clamor against; to blame clamorously; to discredit; to disparage.

> For small errors they whole plays decry.

Dryden.

> Measures which are extolled by one half of the kingdom are naturally decried by the other.

Addison.

Syn. -- To Decry, Depreciate, Detract, Disparage. Decry and depreciate refer to the estimation of a thing, the former seeking to lower its value by clamorous censure, the latter by representing it as of little worth. Detract and disparage also refer to merit or value, which the former assails with caviling, insinuation, etc., while the latter willfully underrates and seeks to degrade it. Men decry their rivals and depreciate their measures. The envious detract from the merit of a good action, and disparage the motives of him who performs it.

Dec`u*ba"tion (?), n. [From L. decubare; de- + cubare. See Decumbent.] Act of lying down; decumbence. [Obs.] Evelyn.

||De*cu"bi*tus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. de- + cubare, to lie down: cf. F. décubitus.] (Med.) An attitude assumed in lying down; as, the dorsal decubitus.

Dec"u*man (?), a. [L. decumanus of the tenth, and by metonymy, large, fr. decem ten.] Large; chief; -- applied to an extraordinary billow, supposed by some to be every tenth in order. [R.] Also used substantively. "Such decuman billows." Gauden. "The baffled decuman." Lowell.

{ De*cum"bence (?), De*cum"ben*cy (?), } n. The act or posture of lying down.

> The ancient manner of decumbency.

Sir T. Browne.

De*cum"bent (?), a. [L. decumbens, -entis, p. pr. of decumbere; de- + cumbere (only in comp.), cubare to lie down.] 1. Lying down; prostrate; recumbent.

> The decumbent portraiture of a woman.

Ashmole.

2. (Bot.) Reclining on the ground, as if too weak to stand, and tending to rise at the summit or apex; as, a decumbent stem. Gray.

De*cum"bent*ly, adv. In a decumbent posture.

De*cum"bi*ture (?; 135), n. 1. Confinement to a sick bed, or time of taking to one's bed from sickness. Boyle.

2. (Astrol.) Aspect of the heavens at the time of taking to one's sick bed, by which the prognostics of recovery or death were made.

Dec"u*ple (?), a. [F. décuple, L. decuplus, fr. decem ten.] Tenfold. [R.]

Dec"u*ple, n. A number ten times repeated. [R.]

Dec"u*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decupling (?).] To make tenfold; to multiply by ten. [R.]

De*cu"ri*on (?), n. [L. decurio, decurionis, fr. decuria a squad of ten, fr. decem ten.] (Rom. Antiq.) A head or chief over ten; especially, an officer who commanded a division of ten soldiers.

De*cu"ri*on*ate (?), n. [L. decurionatus, fr. decurio.] The office of a decurion.

De*cur"rence (?), n. The act of running down; a lapse. [R.] Gauden.

De*cur"rent (?), a. [L. decurrens, -entis, p. pr. of decurrere to run down; de- + currere to run: cf. F. décurrent.] (Bot.) Extending downward; -- said of a leaf whose base extends downward and forms a wing along the stem. -- De*cur"rent*ly, adv.

De*cur"sion (?), n. [L. decursio, fr. decurrere. See Decurrent.] A flowing; also, a hostile incursion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

De*cur"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. décursif. See Decurrent.] Running down; decurrent.

De*cur"sive*ly, adv. In a decursive manner.

Decursively pinnate (Bot.), having the leaflets decurrent, or running along the petiole; -- said of a leaf.

De*curt" (?), v. t. [L. decurtare; de- + curtare.] To cut short; to curtail. [Obs.] Bale.

De`cur*ta"tion (?), n. [L. decurtatio.] Act of cutting short. [Obs.]

Dec"u*ry (?), n.; pl. Decuries (#). [L. decuria, fr. decem ten.] A set or squad of ten men under a decurion. Sir W. Raleigh.

De*cus"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decussated; p. pr. & vb. n. Decussating.] [L. decussatus, p. p. of decussare to cross like an X, fr. decussis (orig. equiv. to decem asses) the number ten, which the Romans represented by X.] To cross at an acute angle; to cut or divide in the form of X; to intersect; -- said of lines in geometrical figures, rays of light, nerves, etc.

{ De*cus"sate (?), De*cus"sa*ted (?), } a. 1. Crossed; intersected.

2. (Bot.) Growing in pairs, each of which is at right angles to the next pair above or below; as, decussated leaves or branches.

3. (Rhet.) Consisting of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in alternate opposition to each other; as, a decussated period.

De*cus"sate*ly (?), adv. In a decussate manner.

De`cus*sa"tion (?), n. [L. decussatio.] Act of crossing at an acute angle, or state of being thus crossed; an intersection in the form of an X; as, the decussation of lines, nerves, etc.

De*cus"sa*tive (?), a. Intersecting at acute angles. Sir T. Browne.

De*cus"sa*tive*ly, adv. Crosswise; in the form of an X. "Anointed decussatively." Sir T. Browne.

De"cyl (?), n. [L. decem ten + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, C10H21, never existing alone, but regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of compounds of the paraffin series.

De*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Allied to, or containing, the radical decyl.

De*dal"ian (?), a. See Dædalian.

Ded"a*lous (?), a. See Dædalous.

||De*dans" (?), n. [F.] (Court Tennis) A division, at one end of a tennis court, for spectators.

Dede (?), a. Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*dec"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. dedecoratus, p. p. of dedecorare to disgrace. See Decorate.] To bring to shame; to disgrace. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*dec`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. dedecoratio.] Disgrace; dishonor. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*dec"o*rous (?), a. [L. dedecorus. See Decorous.] Disgraceful; unbecoming. [R.] Bailey.

De`den*ti"tion (?), n. The shedding of teeth. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ded"i*cate (?), p. a. [L. dedicatus, p. p. of dedicare to affirm, to dedicate; de- + dicare to declare, dedicate; akin to dicere to say. See Diction.] Dedicated; set apart; devoted; consecrated. "Dedicate to nothing temporal." Shak.

Syn. -- Devoted; consecrated; addicted.

Ded"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dedicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dedicating.] 1. To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for sacred uses; to devote formally and solemnly; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures, a temple, or a church, to a religious use.

> Vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, . . . which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord.

2 Sam. viii. 10, 11.

> We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. . . . But in a larger sense we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.

A. Lincoln.

2. To devote, set apart, or give up, as one's self, to a duty or service.

> The profession of a soldier, to which he had dedicated himself.

Clarendon.

3. To inscribe or address, as to a patron.

> He complied ten elegant books, and dedicated them to the Lord Burghley.

Peacham.

Syn. -- See Addict.

Ded`i*ca*tee" (?), n. One to whom a thing is dedicated; -- correlative to dedicator.

Ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. dedicatio.] 1. The act of setting apart or consecrating to a divine Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities; solemn appropriation; as, the dedication of Solomon's temple.

2. A devoting or setting aside for any particular purpose; as, a dedication of lands to public use.

3. An address to a patron or friend, prefixed to a book, testifying respect, and often recommending the work to his special protection and favor.

Ded"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. dédicateur.] One who dedicates; more especially, one who inscribes a book to the favor of a patron, or to one whom he desires to compliment.

Ded`i*ca*to"ri*al (?), a. Dedicatory.

Ded"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dédicatoire.] Constituting or serving as a dedication; complimental. "An epistle dedicatory." Dryden.

Ded"i*ca*to*ry, n. Dedication. [R.] Milton.

||Ded"i*mus (?), n. [L. dedimus we have given, fr. dare to give. So called because the writ began, Dedimus potestatem, etc.] (Law) A writ to commission private persons to do some act in place of a judge, as to examine a witness, etc. Bouvier.

De*di"tion (?), n. [L. deditio, fr. dedere to give away, surrender; de- + dare to give.] The act of yielding; surrender. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Ded"o*lent (?), a. [L. dedolens, p. pr. of dedolere to give over grieving; de- + dolere to grieve.] Feeling no compunction; apathetic. [R.] Hallywell.

De*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deducing.] [L. deducere; de- + ducere to lead, draw. See Duke, and cf. Deduct.] 1. To lead forth. [A Latinism]

> He should hither deduce a colony.

Selden.

2. To take away; to deduct; to subtract; as, to deduce a part from the whole. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. To derive or draw; to derive by logical process; to obtain or arrive at as the result of reasoning; to gather, as a truth or opinion, from what precedes or from premises; to infer; -- with from or out of.

> O goddess, say, shall I deduce my rhymes
> From the dire nation in its early times?

Pope.

> Reasoning is nothing but the faculty of deducing unknown truths from principles already known.

Locke.

> See what regard will be paid to the pedigree which deduces your descent from kings and conquerors.

Sir W. Scott.

De*duce"ment (?), n. Inference; deduction; thing deduced. [R.] Dryden.

De*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. Deducibleness.

De*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being deduced or inferred; derivable by reasoning, as a result or consequence.

> All properties of a triangle depend on, and are deducible from, the complex idea of three lines including a space.

Locke.

2. Capable of being brought down. [Obs.]

> As if God [were] deducible to human imbecility.

State Trials (1649).

De*du"ci*ble*ness, n. The quality of being deducible; deducibility.

De*du"ci*bly (?), adv. By deduction.

De*du"cive (?), a. That deduces; inferential.

De*duct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deducting.] [L. deductus, p. p. of deducere to deduct. See Deduce.] 1. To lead forth or out. [Obs.]

> A people deducted out of the city of Philippos.

Udall.

2. To take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; to subtract; -- often with from or out of.

> Deduct what is but vanity, or dress.

Pope.

> Two and a half per cent should be deducted out of the pay of the foreign troops.

Bp. Burnet.

> We deduct from the computation of our years that part of our time which is spent in . . . infancy.

Norris.

3. To reduce; to diminish. [Obs.] "Do not deduct it to days." Massinger.

De*duct"i*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being deducted, taken away, or withdrawn.

> Not one found honestly deductible
> From any use that pleased him.

Mrs. Browning.

2. Deducible; consequential.

De*duc"tion (?), n. [L. deductio: cf. F. déduction.] 1. Act or process of deducing or inferring.

> The deduction of one language from another.

Johnson.

> This process, by which from two statements we deduce a third, is called deduction.

J. R. Seely.

2. Act of deducting or taking away; subtraction; as, the deduction of the subtrahend from the minuend.

3. That which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.

> Make fair deductions; see to what they mount.

Pope.

4. That which is deducted; the part taken away; abatement; as, a deduction from the yearly rent.

Syn. -- See Induction.

De*duct"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. deductivus derivative.] Of or pertaining to deduction; capable of being deduced from premises; deducible.

> All knowledge of causes is deductive.

Glanvill.

> Notions and ideas . . . used in a deductive process.

Whewell.

De*duct"ive*ly, adv. By deduction; by way of inference; by consequence. Sir T. Browne.

||De*duc"tor (?), n. [L., a guide. See Deduce.] (Zoöl.) The pilot whale or blackfish.

De*duit" (?), n. [F. déduit. Cf. Deduct.] Delight; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*du`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. de- + duplication.] (Biol.) The division of that which is morphologically one organ into two or more, as the division of an organ of a plant into a pair or cluster.

Deed (?), a. Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Deed, n. [AS. d&?;d; akin to OS. dd, D. & Dan. daad, G. thai, Sw. dåd, Goth. d&?;ds; fr. the root of do. See Do, v. t.] 1. That which is done or effected by a responsible agent; an act; an action; a thing done; -- a word of extensive application, including, whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.

> And Joseph said to them, What deed is this which ye have done?

Gen. xliv. 15.

> We receive the due reward of our deeds.

Luke xxiii. 41.

> Would serve his kind in deed and word.

Tennyson.

2. Illustrious act; achievement; exploit. "Knightly deeds." Spenser.

> Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn.

Dryden.

3. Power of action; agency; efficiency. [Obs.]

> To be, both will and deed, created free.

Milton.

4. Fact; reality; -- whence we have indeed.

5. (Law) A sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment, duly executed and delivered, containing some transfer, bargain, or contract.

The term is generally applied to conveyances of real estate, and it is the prevailing doctrine that a deed must be signed as well as sealed, though at common law signing was formerly not necessary.

Blank deed, a printed form containing the customary legal phraseology, with blank spaces for writing in names, dates, boundaries, etc.

6. Performance; -- followed by of. [Obs.] Shak.

In deed, in fact; in truth; verily. See Indeed.

Deed, v. t. To convey or transfer by deed; as, he deeded all his estate to his eldest son. [Colloq. U. S.]

Deed"ful (?), a. Full of deeds or exploits; active; stirring. [R.] "A deedful life." Tennyson.

Deed"less, a. Not performing, or not having performed, deeds or exploits; inactive.

> Deedless in his tongue.

Shak.

Deed" poll` (?). (Law) A deed of one part, or executed by only one party, and distinguished from an indenture by having the edge of the parchment or paper cut even, or polled as it was anciently termed, instead of being indented. Burrill.

Deed"y (?), a. Industrious; active. [R.] Cowper.

Deem (dm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deemed (dmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Deeming.] [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. dman, fr. dm doom; akin to OFries. dma, OS. admian, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. dmjan. See Doom, n., and cf. Doom, v.] 1. To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [Obs.]

> Claudius . . . Was demed for to hang upon a tree.

Chaucer.

2. To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to regard.

> For never can I deem him less him less than god.

Dryden.

Deem, v. i. 1. To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose.

> And deemest thou as those who pore,
> With aged eyes, short way before?

Emerson.

2. To pass judgment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Deem, n. Opinion; judgment. [Obs.] Shak.

<! p. 380 !>

Deem"ster (dm"str), n. [Deem + -ster; i. e., doomster. Cf. Dempster.] A judge in the Isle of Man who decides controversies without process. Cowell.

Deep (dp), a. [Compar. Deeper (?); superl. Deepest (?).] [OE. dep, deop, AS. deóp; akin to D. diep, G. tief, Icel. djpr, Sw. diup, Dan. dyb, Goth. diups; fr. the root of E. dip, dive. See Dip, Dive.] 1. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; as, a deep sea.

> The water where the brook is deep.

Shak.

2. Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep.

> Shadowing squadrons deep.

Milton.

> Safely in harbor
> Is the king's ship in the deep nook.

Shak.

3. Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; as, a deep valley.

4. Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to shallow or superficial; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; as, a deep subject or plot.

> Speculations high or deep.

Milton.

> A question deep almost as the mystery of life.

De Quincey.

> O Lord, . . . thy thoughts are very deep.

Ps. xcii. 5.

5. Of penetrating or far-reaching intellect; not superficial; thoroughly skilled; sagacious; cunning.

> Deep clerks she dumbs.

Shak.

6. Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt; as, deep distress; deep melancholy; deep horror. "Deep despair." Milton. "Deep silence." Milton. "Deep sleep." Gen. ii. 21. "Deeper darkness." >Hoole. "Their deep poverty." 2 Cor. viii. 2.

> An attitude of deep respect.

Motley.

7. Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; as, deep blue or crimson.

8. Of low tone; full-toned; not high or sharp; grave; heavy. "The deep thunder." Byron.

> The bass of heaven's deep organ.

Milton.

9. Muddy; boggy; sandy; -- said of roads. Chaucer.

> The ways in that vale were very deep.

Clarendon.

A deep line of operations (Military), a long line. -- Deep mourning (Costume), mourning complete and strongly marked, the garments being not only all black, but also composed of lusterless materials and of such fashion as is identified with mourning garments.

Deep, adv. To a great depth; with depth; far down; profoundly; deeply.

> Deep-versed in books, and shallow in himself.

Milton.

> Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.

Pope.

Deep, in its usual adverbial senses, is often prefixed to an adjective; as, deep-chested, deep-cut, deep-seated, deep-toned, deep-voiced, "deep-uddered kine."

Deep, n. 1. That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an abyss; a great depth.

> Courage from the deeps of knowledge springs.

Cowley.

> The hollow deep of hell resounded.

Milton.

> Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing deeps resound.

Pope.

2. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible; a moral or spiritual depth or abyss.

> Thy judgments are a great deep.

Ps. xxxvi. 6.

Deep of night, the most quiet or profound part of night; dead of night.

> The deep of night is crept upon our talk.

Shak.

Deep"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deepened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deepening.] 1. To make deep or deeper; to increase the depth of; to sink lower; as, to deepen a well or a channel.

> It would . . . deepen the bed of the Tiber.

Addison.

2. To make darker or more intense; to darken; as, the event deepened the prevailing gloom.

> You must deepen your colors.

Peacham.

3. To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree; as, to deepen grief or sorrow.

4. To make more grave or low in tone; as, to deepen the tones of an organ.

> Deepens the murmur of the falling floods.

Pope.

Deep"en, v. i. To become deeper; as, the water deepens at every cast of the lead; the plot deepens.

> His blood-red tresses deepening in the sun.

Byron.

Deep"-fet` (?), a. Deeply fetched or drawn. [Obs.] "Deep-fet groans." Shak.

Deep"-laid` (?), a. Laid deeply; formed with cunning and sagacity; as, deep-laid plans.

Deep"ly, adv. 1. At or to a great depth; far below the surface; as, to sink deeply.

2. Profoundly; thoroughly; not superficially; in a high degree; intensely; as, deeply skilled in ethics.

> He had deeply offended both his nobles and people.

Bacon.

> He sighed deeply in his spirit.

Mark viii. 12.

3. Very; with a tendency to darkness of color.

> The deeply red juice of buckthorn berries.

Boyle.

4. Gravely; with low or deep tone; as, a deeply toned instrument.

5. With profound skill; with art or intricacy; as, a deeply laid plot or intrigue.

Deep"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a loud and sonorous voice. "Deep-mouthed dogs." Dryden.

Deep"ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being deep, profound, mysterious, secretive, etc.; depth; profundity; -- opposed to shallowness.

> Because they had no deepness of earth.

Matt. xiii. 5.

2. Craft; insidiousness. [R.] J. Gregory.

Deep"-read` (?), a. Profoundly book- learned. "Great writers and deep-read men." L'Estrange.

Deep"-sea` (?), a. Of or pertaining to the deeper parts of the sea; as, a deep-sea line (i. e., a line to take soundings at a great depth); deep- sea lead; deep-sea soundings, explorations, etc.

Deep"-waist`ed (?), a. (Naut.) Having a deep waist, as when, in a ship, the poop and forecastle are much elevated above the deck.

Deer (dr), n. sing. & pl. [OE. der, deor, animal, wild animal, AS. deór; akin to D. dier, OFries. diar, G. thier, tier, Icel. dr, Dan. dyr, Sw. djur, Goth. dius; of unknown origin. √71.] 1. Any animal; especially, a wild animal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

> Mice and rats, and such small deer.

Shak.

> The camel, that great deer.

Lindisfarne MS.

2. (Zoöl.) A ruminant of the genus Cervus, of many species, and of related genera of the family Cervidæ. The males, and in some species the females, have solid antlers, often much branched, which are shed annually. Their flesh, for which they are hunted, is called venison.

The deer hunted in England is Cervus elaphus, called also stag or red deer; the fallow deer is C. dama; the common American deer is C. Virginianus; the blacktailed deer of Western North America is C. Columbianus; and the mule deer of the same region is C. macrotis. See Axis, Fallow deer, Mule deer, Reindeer.

Deer is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, deerkiller, deerslayer, deerslaying, deer hunting, deer stealing, deerlike, etc.

Deer mouse (Zoöl.), the white- footed mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) of America. -- Small deer, petty game, not worth pursuing; -- used metaphorically. (See citation from Shakespeare under the first definition, above.) "Minor critics . . . can find leisure for the chase of such small deer." G. P. Marsh.

Deer"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub of the blueberry group (Vaccinium stamineum); also, its bitter, greenish white berry; -- called also squaw huckleberry.

Deer"grass` (?), n. (Bot.) An American genus (Rhexia) of perennial herbs, with opposite leaves, and showy flowers (usually bright purple), with four petals and eight stamens, -- the only genus of the order Melastomaceæ inhabiting a temperate clime.

Deer"hound` (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of a large and fleet breed of hounds used in hunting deer; a staghound.

Deer"let (?), n. [Deer + - let.] (Zoöl.) A chevrotain. See Kanchil, and Napu.

Deer"-neck` (?), n. A deerlike, or thin, ill-formed neck, as of a horse.

Deer"skin` (?), n. The skin of a deer, or the leather which is made from it. Hakluyt. Longfellow.

Deer"stalk`er (?), n. One who practices deerstalking.

Deer"stalk`ing, n. The hunting of deer on foot, by stealing upon them unawares.

Deer's"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Liatris odoratissima) whose fleshy leaves give out a fragrance compared to vanilla. Wood.

Dees (?), n. pl. Dice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dees, n. A dais. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||De*e"sis (d*"ss), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de`hsis supplication.] (Rhet.) An invocation of, or address to, the Supreme Being.

De"ess (d"s), n. [F. déesse, fem. of dieu god.] A goddess. [Obs.] Croft.

||Deev (?), n. (Hind. & Pers. Myth.) See Dev.

De*face" (d*fs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defaced (-fst"); p. pr. & vb. n. Defacing.] [OE. defacen to disfigure, efface, OF. desfacier; L. dis- + facies face. See Face, and cf. Efface.] 1. To destroy or mar the face or external appearance of; to disfigure; to injure, spoil, or mar, by effacing or obliterating important features or portions of; as, to deface a monument; to deface an edifice; to deface writing; to deface a note, deed, or bond; to deface a record. "This high face defaced." Emerson.

> So by false learning is good sense defaced.

Pope.

2. [Cf. F. défaire.] To destroy; to make null. [Obs.]

> [Profane scoffing] doth . . . deface the reverence of religion.

Bacon.

> For all his power was utterly defaste [defaced].

Spenser.

Syn. -- See Efface.

De*face"ment (?), n. 1. The act of defacing, or the condition of being defaced; injury to the surface or exterior; obliteration.

2. That which mars or disfigures. Bacon.

De*fa"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, defaces or disfigures.

||De` fac"to (?). [L.] Actually; in fact; in reality; as, a king de facto, -- distinguished from a king de jure, or by right.

De*fail" (?), v. t. [F. défaillir to fail; pref. dé- (L. de) + faillir. See Fail, and cf. Default.] To cause to fail. [Obs.]

De*fail"ance (?), n. [F. défaillance.] Failure; miscarriage. [Obs.]

> Possibility of defailance in degree or continuance.

Comber.

De*fail"ure (?), n. Failure. [Obs.] Barrow.

De*fal"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defalcated; p. pr. & vb. n. Defalcating.] [LL. defalcatus, p. p. of defalcare to deduct, orig., to cut off with a sickle; L. de- + falx, falcis, a sickle. See Falchion.] To cut off; to take away or deduct a part of; -- used chiefly of money, accounts, rents, income, etc.

> To show what may be practicably and safely defalcated from them [the estimates].

Burke.

De*fal"cate, v. i. To commit defalcation; to embezzle money held in trust. "Some partner defalcating, or the like." Carlyle.

De`fal*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. defalcatio: cf. F. défalcation.] 1. A lopping off; a diminution; abatement; deficit. Specifically: Reduction of a claim by deducting a counterclaim; set- off. Abbott.

2. That which is lopped off, diminished, or abated.

3. An abstraction of money, etc., by an officer or agent having it in trust; an embezzlement.

Def"al*ca`tor (?), n. A defaulter or embezzler. [Modern]

De*falk" (?), v. t. [F. défalquer. See Defalcate.] To lop off; to abate. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Def`a*ma"tion (?), n. [OE. diffamacioun, F. diffamation. See Defame.] Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion.

In modern usage, written defamation bears the title of libel, and oral defamation that of slander. Burrill.

De*fam"a*to*ry (?), a. Containing defamation; injurious to reputation; calumnious; slanderous; as, defamatory words; defamatory writings.

De*fame" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Defaming.] [OE. defamen, diffamen, from F. diffamer, or OF. perh. defamer, fr. L. diffamare (cf. defamatus infamous); dis- (in this word confused with de) + fama a report. See Fame.] 1. To harm or destroy the good fame or reputation of; to disgrace; especially, to speak evil of maliciously; to dishonor by slanderous reports; to calumniate; to asperse.

2. To render infamous; to bring into disrepute.

> My guilt thy growing virtues did defame;
> My blackness blotted thy unblemish'd name.

Dryden.

3. To charge; to accuse. [R.]

> Rebecca is . . . defamed of sorcery practiced on the person of a noble knight.

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To asperse; slander; calumniate; vilify. See Asperse.

De*fame", n. Dishonor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*fam"er (?), n. One who defames; a slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator.

De*fam"ing*ly, adv. In a defamatory manner.

Def"a*mous (?), a. Defamatory. [Obs.]

De*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [See Defatigate.] Capable of being wearied or tired out. [R.] Glanvill.

De*fat"i*gate (?), v. t. [L. defatigatus, p. p. of defatigare; de- + fatigare to weary. See Fatigue.] To weary or tire out; to fatigue. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

De*fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. defatigatio.] Weariness; fatigue. [R.] Bacon.

De*fault" (?), n. [OE. defaute, OF. defaute, defalte, fem., F. défaut, masc., LL. defalta, fr. a verb meaning, to be deficient, to want, fail, fr. L. de- + fallere to deceive. See Fault.] 1. A failing or failure; omission of that which ought to be done; neglect to do what duty or law requires; as, this evil has happened through the governor's default.

2. Fault; offense; ill deed; wrong act; failure in virtue or wisdom.

> And pardon craved for his so rash default.

Spenser.

> Regardless of our merit or default.

Pope.

3. (Law) A neglect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to secure the benefit of law, as a failure to appear in court at a day assigned, especially of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer; also of jurors, witnesses, etc.

In default of, in case of failure or lack of.

> Cooks could make artificial birds and fishes in default of the real ones.

Arbuthnot.

-- To suffer a default (Law), to permit an action to be called without appearing to answer.

De*fault", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Defaulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Defaulting.] 1. To fail in duty; to offend.

> That he gainst courtesy so foully did default.

Spenser.

2. To fail in fulfilling a contract, agreement, or duty.

3. To fail to appear in court; to let a case go by default.

De*fault", v. t. 1. To fail to perform or pay; to be guilty of neglect of; to omit; as, to default a dividend.

> What they have defaulted towards him as no king.

Milton.

2. (Law) To call a defendant or other party whose duty it is to be present in court, and make entry of his default, if he fails to appear; to enter a default against.

3. To leave out of account; to omit. [Obs.]

> Defaulting unnecessary and partial discourses.

Hales.

De*fault"er (?), n. 1. One who makes default; one who fails to appear in court when court when called.

2. One who fails to perform a duty; a delinquent; particularly, one who fails to account for public money intrusted to his care; a peculator; a defalcator.

De*fea"sance (?), n. [OF. defesance, fr. defesant, F. défaisant, p. pr. of defaire, F. défaire, to undo. See Defeat.] 1. A defeat; an overthrow. [Obs.]

> After his foes' defeasance.

Spenser.

2. A rendering null or void.

3. (Law) A condition, relating to a deed, which being performed, the deed is defeated or rendered void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time with a feoffment, or other conveyance, containing conditions, on the performance of which the estate then created may be defeated.

<! p. 381 !>

Mortgages were usually made in this manner in former times, but the modern practice is to include the conveyance and the defeasance in the same deed.

De*fea"sanced (?), a. (Law) Liable to defeasance; capable of being made void or forfeited.

De*fea"si*ble (?), a. [See Defeasance.] Capable of being annulled or made void; as, a defeasible title. -- De*fea"si*ble*ness, n.

De*feat" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defeated; p. pr. & vb. n. Defeating.] [From F. défait, OF. desfait, p. p. ofe défaire, OF. desfaire, to undo; L. dis- + facere to do. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Disfashion.] 1. To undo; to disfigure; to destroy. [Obs.]

> His unkindness may defeat my life.

Shak.

2. To render null and void, as a title; to frustrate, as hope; to deprive, as of an estate.

> He finds himself naturally to dread a superior Being that can defeat all his designs, and disappoint all his hopes.

Tillotson.

> The escheators . . . defeated the right heir of his succession.

Hallam.

> In one instance he defeated his own purpose.

A. W. Ward.

3. To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse, or ruin by victory; to overthrow.

4. To resist with success; as, to defeat an assault.

> Sharp reasons to defeat the law.

Shak.

Syn. -- To baffle; disappoint; frustrate.

De*feat", n. [Cf. F. défaite, fr. défaire. See Defeat, v.] 1. An undoing or annulling; destruction. [Obs.]

> Upon whose property and most dear life
> A damned defeat was made.

Shak.

2. Frustration by rendering null and void, or by prevention of success; as, the defeat of a plan or design.

3. An overthrow, as of an army in battle; loss of a battle; repulse suffered; discomfiture; -- opposed to victory.

De*fea"ture (?; 135), n. [OF. desfaiture a killing, disguising, prop., an undoing. See Defeat, and cf. Disfeature.] 1. Overthrow; defeat. [Obs.] "Nothing but loss in their defeature." Beau. & Fl.

2. Disfigurement; deformity. [Obs.] "Strange defeatures in my face." Shak.

De*fea"tured (?; 135), p. p. Changed in features; deformed. [R.]

> Features when defeatured in the . . . way I have described.

De Quincey.

Def"e*cate (?), a. [L. defaecatus, p. p. of defaecare to defecate; de- + faex, faecis, dregs, lees.] Freed from anything that can pollute, as dregs, lees, etc.; refined; purified.

> Till the soul be defecate from the dregs of sense.

Bates.

Def"e*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defecated; p. pr. & vb. n. Defecating.] 1. To clear from impurities, as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify; to purify; to refine.

> To defecate the dark and muddy oil of amber.

Boyle.

2. To free from extraneous or polluting matter; to clear; to purify, as from that which materializes.

> We defecate the notion from materiality.

Glanvill.

> Defecated from all the impurities of sense.

Bp. Warburton.

Def"e*cate (?), v. i. 1. To become clear, pure, or free. Goldsmith.

2. To void excrement.

Def`e*ca"tion (?), n. [L. defaecatio: cf. F. défécation.] 1. The act of separating from impurities, as lees or dregs; purification.

2. (Physiol.) The act or process of voiding excrement.

Def"e*ca`tor (?), n. That which cleanses or purifies; esp., an apparatus for removing the feculencies of juices and sirups. Knight.

De*fect" (?), n. [L. defectus, fr. deficere, defectum, to desert, fail, be wanting; de- + facere to make, do. See Fact, Feat, and cf. Deficit.] 1. Want or absence of something necessary for completeness or perfection; deficiency; -- opposed to superfluity.

> Errors have been corrected, and defects supplied.

Davies.

2. Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral; blemish; as, a defect in the ear or eye; a defect in timber or iron; a defect of memory or judgment.

> Trust not yourself; but, your defects to know,
> Make use of every friend -- and every foe.

Pope.

> Among boys little tenderness is shown to personal defects.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Deficiency; imperfection; blemish. See Fault.

De*fect", v. i. To fail; to become deficient. [Obs.] "Defected honor." Warner.

De*fect", v. t. To injure; to damage. "None can my life defect." [R.] Troubles of Q. Elizabeth (1639).

De*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Deficiency; imperfection. [R.] Ld. Digby. Jer. Taylor.

De*fect"i*ble (?), a. Liable to defect; imperfect. [R.] "A defectible understanding." Jer. Taylor.

De*fec"tion (?), n. [L. defectio: cf. F. défection. See Defect.] Act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself; desertion; failure in duty; a falling away; apostasy; backsliding. "Defection and falling away from God." Sir W. Raleigh.

> The general defection of the whole realm.

Sir J. Davies.

De*fec"tion*ist, n. One who advocates or encourages defection.

De*fec"tious (?), a. Having defects; imperfect. [Obs.] "Some one defectious piece." Sir P. Sidney.

De*fect"ive (?), a. [L. defectivus: cf. F. défectif. See Defect.] 1. Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part; deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural or moral qualities; as, a defective limb; defective timber; a defective copy or account; a defective character; defective rules.

2. (Gram.) Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or conjugation; as, a defective noun or verb. -- De*fect"ive*ly, adv. -- De*fect"ive*ness, n.

De*fec`tu*os"i*ty (?; 135), n. [Cf. F. défectuosité.] Great imperfection. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

De*fec"tu*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. défectueux.] Full of defects; imperfect. [Obs.] Barrow.

Def`e*da"tion (?), n. [L. defoedare, defoedatum, to defile; de- + foedare to foul, foedus foul.] The act of making foul; pollution. [Obs.]

De*fence" (d*fns"), n. & v. t. See Defense.

De*fend" (d*fnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defended; p. pr. & vb. n. Defending.] [F. défendre, L. defendere; de- + fendere (only in comp.) to strike; perh. akin to Gr. qei`nein to strike, and E. dint. Cf. Dint, Defense, Fend.] 1. To ward or fend off; to drive back or away; to repel. [A Latinism & Obs.]

> Th' other strove for to defend
> The force of Vulcan with his might and main.

Spenser.

2. To prohibit; to forbid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

> Which God defend that I should wring from him.

Shak.

3. To repel danger or harm from; to protect; to secure against attack; to maintain against force or argument; to uphold; to guard; as, to defend a town; to defend a cause; to defend character; to defend the absent; -- sometimes followed by from or against; as, to defend one's self from, or against, one's enemies.

> The lord mayor craves aid . . . to defend the city.

Shak.

> God defend the right!

Shak.

> A village near it was defended by the river.

Clarendon.

4. (Law.) To deny the right of the plaintiff in regard to (the suit, or the wrong charged); to oppose or resist, as a claim at law; to contest, as a suit. Burrill.

Syn. -- To Defend, Protect. To defend is literally to ward off; to protect is to cover so as to secure against approaching danger. We defend those who are attacked; we protect those who are liable to injury or invasion. A fortress is defended by its guns, and protected by its wall.

> As birds flying, so will the Lord of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it.

Is. xxxi. 5.

> Leave not the faithful side
> That gave thee being, still shades thee and protects.

Milton.

De*fend"a*ble (d*fnd"*b'l), a. [Cf. F. défendable.] Capable of being defended; defensible. [R.]

De*fend"ant (aant), a. [F. défendant, p. pr. of défendre. See Defend.] 1. Serving, or suitable, for defense; defensive. [Obs.]

> With men of courage and with means defendant.

Shak.

2. Making defense.

De*fend"ant, n. 1. One who defends; a defender.

> The rampiers and ditches which the defendants had cast up.

Spotswood.

2. (Law) A person required to make answer in an action or suit; -- opposed to plaintiff. Abbott.

The term is applied to any party of whom a demand is made in court, whether the party denies and defends the claim, or admits it, and suffers a default; also to a party charged with a criminal offense.

De`fen*dee" (d`fn*d" or d*fnd"`), n. One who is defended. [R. & Ludicrous]

De*fend"er (d*fnd"r), n. [Cf. Fender.] One who defends; one who maintains, supports, protects, or vindicates; a champion; an advocate; a vindicator.

> Provinces . . . left without their ancient and puissant defenders.

Motley.

De*fend"ress (?), n. A female defender. [R.]

> Defendress of the faith.

Stow.

De*fen"sa*tive (?), n. [L. defensare, defensatum, to defend diligently, intens. of defendere. See Defend.] That which serves to protect or defend.

{ De*fense", De*fence" } (?), n. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. LL. defensum), from defendere. See Defend, and cf. Fence.] 1. The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger.

> In cases of defense 't is best to weigh
> The enemy more mighty than he seems.

Shak.

2. That which defends or protects; anything employed to oppose attack, ward off violence or danger, or maintain security; a guard; a protection.

> War would arise in defense of the right.

Tennyson.

> God, the widow's champion and defense.

Shak.

3. Protecting plea; vindication; justification.

> Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defense.

Acts xxii. 1.

4. (Law) The defendant's answer or plea; an opposing or denial of the truth or validity of the plaintiff's or prosecutor's case; the method of proceeding adopted by the defendant to protect himself against the plaintiff's action.

5. Act or skill in making defense; defensive plan or policy; practice in self defense, as in fencing, boxing, etc.

> A man of great defense.

Spenser.

> By how much defense is better than no skill.

Shak.

6. Prohibition; a prohibitory ordinance. [Obs.]

> Severe defenses . . . against wearing any linen under a certain breadth.

Sir W. Temple.

De*fense", v. t. To furnish with defenses; to fortify. [Obs.] [Written also defence.]

> Better manned and more strongly defensed.

Hales.

De*fense"less, a. Destitute of defense; unprepared to resist attack; unable to oppose; unprotected. -- De*fense"less*ly, adv. -- De*fense"less*ness, n.

De*fens"er (?), n. [Cf. F. défenseur, L. defensor. Cf. Defensor.] Defender. [Obs.] Foxe.

De*fen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being defended.

De*fen"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. défensable, LL. defensabilis, defensibilis. See Defense, and cf. Defendable.] 1. Capable of being defended; as, a defensible city, or a defensible cause.

2. Capable of offering defense. [Obs.] Shak.

De*fen"si*ble*ness (?), n. Capability of being defended; defensibility. Priestley.

De*fen"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. défensif.] 1. Serving to defend or protect; proper for defense; opposed to offensive; as, defensive armor.

> A moat defensive to a house.

Shak.

2. Carried on by resisting attack or aggression; -- opposed to offensive; as, defensive war.

3. In a state or posture of defense. Milton.

De*fen"sive, n. That which defends; a safeguard.

> Wars preventive, upon just fears, are true defensives.

Bacon.

To be on the defensive, To stand on the defensive, to be or stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in opposition to aggression or attack.

De*fen"sive*ly, adv. On the defensive.

De*fen"sor (?), n. [L. See Defenser.] 1. A defender. Fabyan.

2. (Law) A defender or an advocate in court; a guardian or protector.

3. (Eccl.) The patron of a church; an officer having charge of the temporal affairs of a church.

De*fen"so*ry (?), a. [L. defensorius.] Tending to defend; defensive; as, defensory preparations.

De*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deferring.] [OE. differren, F. différer, fr. L. differre to delay, bear different ways; dis- + ferre to bear. See Bear to support, and cf. Differ, Defer to offer.] To put off; to postpone to a future time; to delay the execution of; to delay; to withhold.

> Defer the spoil of the city until night.

Shak.

> God . . . will not long defer
> To vindicate the glory of his name.

Milton.

De*fer", v. i. To put off; to delay to act; to wait.

> Pius was able to defer and temporize at leisure.

J. A. Symonds.

De*fer", v. t. [F. déférer to pay deference, to yield, to bring before a judge, fr. L. deferre to bring down; de- + ferre to bear. See Bear to support, and cf. Defer to delay, Delate.] 1. To render or offer. [Obs.]

> Worship deferred to the Virgin.

Brevint.

2. To lay before; to submit in a respectful manner; to refer; -- with to.

> Hereupon the commissioners . . . deferred the matter to the Earl of Northumberland.

Bacon.

De*fer", v. i. To yield deference to the wishes of another; to submit to the opinion of another, or to authority; -- with to.

> The house, deferring to legal right, acquiesced.

Bancroft.

Def"er*ence (?), n. [F. déférence. See 3d Defer.] A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.

> Deference to the authority of thoughtful and sagacious men.

Whewell.

> Deference is the most complicate, the most indirect, and the most elegant of all compliments.

Shenstone.

Syn. -- Deference, Reverence, Respect. Deference marks an inclination to yield one's opinion, and to acquiesce in the sentiments of another in preference to one's own. Respect marks the estimation that we have for another, which makes us look to him as worthy of high confidence for the qualities of his mind and heart. Reverence denotes a mingling of fear with a high degree of respect and esteem. Age, rank, dignity, and personal merit call for deference; respect should be paid to the wise and good; reverence is due to God, to the authors of our being, and to the sanctity of the laws.

Def"er*ent (?), a. [L. deferens, p. pr. of deferre. See 3d Defer.] Serving to carry; bearing. [R.] "Bodies deferent." Bacon.

Def"er*ent, n. 1. That which carries or conveys.

> Though air be the most favorable deferent of sounds.

Bacon.

2. (Ptolemaic Astron.) An imaginary circle surrounding the earth, in whose periphery either the heavenly body or the center of the heavenly body's epicycle was supposed to be carried round.

Def`er*en"tial (?), a. [See Deference.] Expressing deference; accustomed to defer.

Def`er*en"tial*ly, adv. With deference.

De*fer"ment (?), n. [See 1st Defer.] The act of delaying; postponement. [R.]

> My grief, joined with the instant business,
> Begs a deferment.

Suckling.

De*fer"rer (?), n. One who defers or puts off.

{ De`fer*ves"cence (?), De`fer*ves"cency (?), } n. [L. defervescere to grow cool.] 1. A subsiding from a state of ebullition; loss of heat; lukewarmness.

> A defervescency in holy actions.

Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.) The subsidence of a febrile process; as, the stage of defervescence in pneumonia.

De*feu"dal*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of the feudal character or form.

De*fi"ance (?), n. [OF. defiance, desfiance, challenge, fr. desfier to challenge, F. défier. See Defy.] 1. The act of defying, putting in opposition, or provoking to combat; a challenge; a provocation; a summons to combat.

> A war without a just defiance made.

Dryden.

> Stood for her cause, and flung defiance down.

Tennyson.

2. A state of opposition; willingness to flight; disposition to resist; contempt of opposition.

> He breathed defiance to my ears.

Shak.

3. A casting aside; renunciation; rejection. [Obs.] "Defiance to thy kindness." Ford.

To bid defiance, To set at defiance, to defy; to disregard recklessly or contemptuously. Locke.

De*fi"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. défiant, p. pr. of défier. See Defy.] Full of defiance; bold; insolent; as, a defiant spirit or act.

> In attitude stern and defiant.

Longfellow.

-- De*fi"ant*ly, adv. -- De*fi"ant*ness, n.

<! p. 382 !>

De*fi"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Defy.] Bidding or manifesting defiance. [Obs.] Shelford.

De*fi"bri*nate (?), v. t. To deprive of fibrin, as fresh blood or lymph by stirring with twigs.

De*fi`bri*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of depriving of fibrin.

De*fi"bri*nize (?), v. t. To defibrinate.

De*fi"cience (?), n. Same as Deficiency.

> Thou in thyself art perfect, and in thee
> Is no deficience found.

Milton.

De*fi"cien*cy (?), n.; pl. Deficiencies (#). [See Deficient.] The state of being deficient; inadequacy; want; failure; imperfection; shortcoming; defect. "A deficiency of blood." Arbuthnot.

> [Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made him the ridicule of his contemporaries.

Buckle.

Deficiency of a curve (Geom.), the amount by which the number of double points on a curve is short of the maximum for curves of the same degree.

De*fi"cient (?), a. [L. deficiens, -entis, p. pr. of deficere to be wanting. See Defect.] Wanting, to make up completeness; wanting, as regards a requirement; not sufficient; inadequate; defective; imperfect; incomplete; lacking; as, deficient parts; deficient estate; deficient strength; deficient in judgment.

> The style was indeed deficient in ease and variety.

Macaulay.

Deficient number. (Arith.) See under Abundant.

-- De*fi"cient-ly, adv.

Def"i*cit (?), n. [Lit., it is wanting, 3d person pres. indic. of L. deficere, cf. F. déficit. See Defect.] Deficiency in amount or quality; a falling short; lack; as, a deficit in taxes, revenue, etc. Addison.

De*fi"er (?), n. [See Defy.] One who dares and defies; a contemner; as, a defier of the laws.

De*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. Disfiguration; mutilation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

De*fig"ure (?), v. t. [Pref. de- (intens.) + figure.] To delineate. [Obs.]

> These two stones as they are here defigured.

Weever.

De`fi*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defiladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Defilading.] [Cf. F. défiler to defile, and défilade act of defiling. See 1st Defile.] (Mil.) To raise, as a rampart, so as to shelter interior works commanded from some higher point.

De`fi*lad"ing, n. (Mil.) The art or act of determining the directions and heights of the lines of rampart with reference to the protection of the interior from exposure to an enemy's fire from any point within range, or from any works which may be erected. Farrow.

De*file" (d*fl"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Defiled (-fld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Defiling.] [F. défiler; pref. dé-, for des- (L. dis-) + file a row or line. See File a row.] To march off in a line, file by file; to file off.

De*file", v. t. (Mil.) Same as Defilade.

De*file" (d*fl" or d"fl; 277), n. [Cf. F. défilé, fr. défiler to defile.] 1. Any narrow passage or gorge in which troops can march only in a file, or with a narrow front; a long, narrow pass between hills, rocks, etc.

2. (Mil.) The act of defilading a fortress, or of raising the exterior works in order to protect the interior. See Defilade.

De*file" (d*fl"), v. t. [OE. defoulen, -foilen, to tread down, OF. defouler; de- + fouler to trample (see Full, v. t.), and OE. defoulen to foul (influenced in form by the older verb defoilen). See File to defile, Foul, Defoul.] 1. To make foul or impure; to make filthy; to dirty; to befoul; to pollute.

> They that touch pitch will be defiled.

Shak.

2. To soil or sully; to tarnish, as reputation; to taint.

> He is . . . among the greatest prelates of this age, however his character may be defiled by . . . dirty hands.

Swift.

3. To injure in purity of character; to corrupt.

> Defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt.

Ezek. xx. 7.

4. To corrupt the chastity of; to debauch; to violate.

> The husband murder'd and the wife defiled.

Prior.

5. To make ceremonially unclean; to pollute.

> That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile therewith.

Lev. xxii. 8.

De*file"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. défilement. See Defile] (Mil.) The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from an enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the exposed side.

De*file"ment, n. [From 3d Defile.] The act of defiling, or state of being defiled, whether physically or morally; pollution; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness.

> Defilements of the flesh.

Hopkins.

> The chaste can not rake into such filth without danger of defilement.

Addison.

De*fil"er (?), n. One who defiles; one who corrupts or violates; that which pollutes.

De*fil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. de- + filius son.] Abstraction of a child from its parents. Lamb.

De*fin"a*ble (?), a. [From Define.] Capable of being defined, limited, or explained; determinable; describable by definition; ascertainable; as, definable limits; definable distinctions or regulations; definable words. -- De*fin"a*bly, adv.

De*fine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Defining.] [OE. definer, usually, to end, to finish, F. définir to define, L. definire to limit, define; de- + finire to limit, end, finis boundary, limit, end. See Final, Finish.] 1. To fix the bounds of; to bring to a termination; to end. "To define controversies." Barrow.

2. To determine or clearly exhibit the boundaries of; to mark the limits of; as, to define the extent of a kingdom or country.

3. To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly; as, the defining power of an optical instrument.

> Rings . . . very distinct and well defined.

Sir I. Newton.

4. To determine the precise signification of; to fix the meaning of; to describe accurately; to explain; to expound or interpret; as, to define a word, a phrase, or a scientific term.

> They define virtue to be life ordered according to nature.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

De*fine" (?), v. i. To determine; to decide. [Obs.]

De*fine"ment (?), n. The act of defining; definition; description. [Obs.] Shak.

De*fin"er (?), n. One who defines or explains.

Def"i*nite (?), a. [L. definitis, p. p. of definire: cf. F. défini. See Define.] 1. Having certain or distinct; determinate in extent or greatness; limited; fixed; as, definite dimensions; a definite measure; a definite period or interval.

> Elements combine in definite proportions.

Whewell.

2. Having certain limits in signification; determinate; certain; precise; fixed; exact; clear; as, a definite word, term, or expression.

3. Determined; resolved. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Serving to define or restrict; limiting; determining; as, the definite article.

Definite article (Gram.), the article the, which is used to designate a particular person or thing, or a particular class of persons or things; -- also called a definitive. See Definitive, n. - - Definite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Determinate inflorescence, under Determinate. -- Law of definite proportions (Chem.), the essential law of chemical combination that every definite compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by weight; and, if two or more elements form more than one compound with each other, the relative proportions of each are fixed. Compare Law of multiple proportions, under Multiple.

Def"i*nite, n. A thing defined or determined. [Obs.]

Def"i*nite*ly, adv. In a definite manner; with precision; precisely; determinately.

Def"i*nite*ness, n. The state of being definite; determinateness; precision; certainty.

Def`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. definitio: cf. F. définition.] 1. The act of defining; determination of the limits; as, a telescope accurate in definition.

2. Act of ascertaining and explaining the signification; a description of a thing by its properties; an explanation of the meaning of a word or term; as, the definition of "circle;" the definition of "wit;" an exact definition; a loose definition.

> Definition being nothing but making another understand by words what the term defined stands for.

Locke.

3. Description; sort. [R.] "A new creature of another definition." Jer. Taylor.

4. (Logic) An exact enunciation of the constituents which make up the logical essence.

5. (Opt.) Distinctness or clearness, as of an image formed by an optical instrument; precision in detail.

Syn. -- Definition, Explanation, Description. A definition is designed to settle a thing in its compass and extent; an explanation is intended to remove some obscurity or misunderstanding, and is therefore more extended and minute; a description enters into striking particulars with a view to interest or impress by graphic effect. It is not therefore true, though often said, that description is only an extended definition. "Logicians distinguish definitions into essential and accidental. An essential definition states what are regarded as the constituent parts of the essence of that which is to be defined; and an accidental definition lays down what are regarded as circumstances belonging to it, viz., properties or accidents, such as causes, effects, etc." Whately.

Def`i*ni"tion*al (?), a. Relating to definition; of the nature of a definition; employed in defining.

De*fin"i*tive (?), a. [L. definitivus: cf. F. définitif.] 1. Determinate; positive; final; conclusive; unconditional; express.

> A strict and definitive truth.

Sir T. Browne.

> Some definitive . . . scheme of reconciliation.

Prescott.

2. Limiting; determining; as, a definitive word.

3. Determined; resolved. [Obs.] Shak.

De*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.) A word used to define or limit the extent of the signification of a common noun, such as the definite article, and some pronouns.

Definitives . . . are commonly called by grammarians articles. . . . They are of two kinds, either those properly and strictly so called, or else pronominal articles, such as this, that, any, other, some, all, no, none, etc. Harris (Hermes).

De*fin"i*tive*ly, adv. In a definitive manner.

De*fin"i*tive*ness, n. The quality of being definitive.

De*fin"i*tude (?), n. Definiteness. [R.]

> Definitude . . . is a knowledge of minute differences.

Sir W. Hamilton.

De*fix" (?), v. t. [L. defixus, p. p. of defigere to fix; de- + figere to fix.] To fix; to fasten; to establish. [Obs.] "To defix their princely seat . . . in that extreme province." Hakluyt.

Def`la*gra*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Chem.) The state or quality of being deflagrable.

> The ready deflagrability . . . of saltpeter.

Boyle.

De*fla"gra*ble (?; 277), a. [See Deflagrate.] (Chem.) Burning with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; hence, slightly explosive; liable to snap and crackle when heated, as salt.

Def"la*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deflagrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deflagrating.] [L. deflagratus, p. p. of deflagrare to burn up; de- + flagrare to flame, burn.] (Chem.) To burn with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; also, to snap and crackle with slight explosions when heated, as salt.

Def"la*grate, v. t. (Chem.) To cause to burn with sudden and sparkling combustion, as by the action of intense heat; to burn or vaporize suddenly; as, to deflagrate refractory metals in the oxyhydrogen flame.

Def`la*gra"tion (?), n. [L. deflagratio: cf. F. déflagration.] 1. A burning up; conflagration. "Innumerable deluges and deflagrations." Bp. Pearson.

2. (Chem.) The act or process of deflagrating.

Def"la*gra`tor (?), n. (Chem.) A form of the voltaic battery having large plates, used for producing rapid and powerful combustion.

De*flate" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- down + L. flare, flatus to blow.] To reduce from an inflated condition.

De*flect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Deflecting.] [L. deflectere; de- + flectere to bend or turn. See Flexible.] To cause to turn aside; to bend; as, rays of light are often deflected.

> Sitting with their knees deflected under them.

Lord (1630).

De*flect", v. i. To turn aside; to deviate from a right or a horizontal line, or from a proper position, course or direction; to swerve.

> At some part of the Azores, the needle deflecteth not, but lieth in the true meridian.

Sir T. Browne.

> To deflect from the line of truth and reason.

Warburton.

De*flect"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deflected.

De*flect"ed, a. 1. Turned aside; deviating from a direct line or course.

2. Bent downward; deflexed.

De*flec"tion (?), n. [L. deflexio, fr. deflectere: cf. F. déflexion.] 1. The act of turning aside, or state of being turned aside; a turning from a right line or proper course; a bending, esp. downward; deviation.

> The other leads to the same point, through certain deflections.

Lowth.

2. (Gunnery) The deviation of a shot or ball from its true course.

3. (Opt.) A deviation of the rays of light toward the surface of an opaque body; inflection; diffraction.

4. (Engin.) The bending which a beam or girder undergoes from its own weight or by reason of a load.

De*flec`tion*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of freeing from inflections. Earle.

De*flec"tion*ize (?), v. t. To free from inflections.

> Deflectionized languages are said to be analytic.

Earle.

De*flect"ive (?), a. Causing deflection.

Deflective forces, forces that cause a body to deviate from its course.

De*flect"or (?), n. (Mech.) That which deflects, as a diaphragm in a furnace, or a cone in a lamp (to deflect and mingle air and gases and help combustion).

De*flexed" (?), a. Bent abruptly downward.

De*flex"ion (?), n. See Deflection.

De*flex"ure (?), n. [From L. deflectere, deflexum. See Deflect.] A bending or turning aside; deflection. Bailey.

De*flo"rate (?), a. [LL. defloratus, p. p. of deflorare. See Deflour.] (Bot.) Past the flowering state; having shed its pollen. Gray.

Def`lo*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. defloratio: cf. F. défloration.] 1. The act of deflouring; as, the defloration of a virgin. Johnson.

2. That which is chosen as the flower or choicest part; careful culling or selection. [R.]

> The laws of Normandy are, in a great measure, the defloration of the English laws.

Sir M. Hale.

De*flour" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defloured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deflouring.] [F. déflorer, LL. deflorare; L. de- + flos, floris, flower. See Flower, and cf. Deflorate.] 1. To deprive of flowers.

2. To take away the prime beauty and grace of; to rob of the choicest ornament.

> He died innocent and before the sweetness of his soul was defloured and ravished from him.

Jer. Taylor.

3. To deprive of virginity, as a woman; to violate; to ravish; also, to seduce.

De*flour"er (?), n. One who deflours; a ravisher.

De*flow" (?), v. i. [Pref. de- + flow: cf. L. defluere.] To flow down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

De*flow"er (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + flower.] Same as Deflour.

> An earthquake . . . deflowering the gardens.

W. Montagu.

> If a man had deflowered a virgin.

Milton.

De*flow"er*er (?), n. See Deflourer. Milton.

Def"lu*ous (?), a. [L. defluus, fr. defluere to flow down; de- + fluere to flow.] Flowing down; falling off. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*flux" (?), n. [L. defluxus, fr. defluere, defluxum.] Downward flow. [Obs.] Bacon.

De*flux"ion (?), n. [L. defluxio.] (Med.) A discharge or flowing of humors or fluid matter, as from the nose in catarrh; -- sometimes used synonymously with inflammation. Dunglison.

Def"ly (?), adv. Deftly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Def`œ*da"tion (?), n. Defedation. [Obs.]

{ De*fo"li*ate (?), De*fo"li*a`ted (?). } a. Deprived of leaves, as by their natural fall.

De*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [LL. defoliare, defoliatum, to shed leaves; L. de- + folium leaf: cf. F. défoliation.] The separation of ripened leaves from a branch or stem; the falling or shedding of the leaves.

De*force" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deforcing.] [OF. deforcier; de- or des- (L. de or dis-) + forcier, F. forcer. See Force, v.] (Law) (a) To keep from the rightful owner; to withhold wrongfully the possession of, as of lands or a freehold. (b) (Scots Law) To resist the execution of the law; to oppose by force, as an officer in the execution of his duty. Burrill.

De*force"ment (?), n. [OF.] (Law) (a) A keeping out by force or wrong; a wrongful withholding, as of lands or tenements, to which another has a right. (b) (Scots Law) Resistance to an officer in the execution of law. Burrill.

De*force"or (?), n. Same as Deforciant. [Obs.]

De*for"ciant (?), n. [OF. deforciant, p. pr. of deforcier. See Deforce.] (Eng. Law) (a) One who keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate. (b) One against whom a fictitious action of fine was brought. [Obs.] Burrill.

De*for`ci*a"tion (?), n. (Law) Same as Deforcement, n.

<! p. 383 !>

De*for"est (?), v. t. To clear of forests; to disforest. U. S. Agric. Reports.

De*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deforming.] [L. deformare; de- + formare to form, shape, fr. forma: cf. F. déformer. See Form.] 1. To spoil the form of; to mar in form; to misshape; to disfigure.

> Deformed, unfinished, sent before my time
> Into this breathing world.

Shak.

2. To render displeasing; to deprive of comeliness, grace, or perfection; to dishonor.

> Above those passions that this world deform.

Thomson.

De*form", a. [L. deformis; de- + forma form: cf. OF. deforme, F. difforme. Cf. Difform.] Deformed; misshapen; shapeless; horrid. [Obs.]

> Sight so deform what heart of rock could long
> Dry-eyed behold?

Milton.

Def`or*ma"tion (?), n. [L. deformatio: cf. F. déformation.] 1. The act of deforming, or state of anything deformed. Bp. Hall.

2. Transformation; change of shape.

De*formed" (?), a. Unnatural or distorted in form; having a deformity; misshapen; disfigured; as, a deformed person; a deformed head. -- De*form"ed*ly (#), adv. -- De*form"ed*ness, n.

De*form"er (?), n. One who deforms.

De*form"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Deformities (#). [L. deformitas, fr. deformis: cf. OF. deformeté, deformité, F. difformité. See Deform, v. & a., and cf. Disformity.] 1. The state of being deformed; want of proper form or symmetry; any unnatural form or shape; distortion; irregularity of shape or features; ugliness.

> To make an envious mountain on my back,
> Where sits deformity to mock my body.

Shak.

2. Anything that destroys beauty, grace, or propriety; irregularity; absurdity; gross deviation from order or the established laws of propriety; as, deformity in an edifice; deformity of character.

> Confounded, that her Maker's eyes
> Should look so near upon her foul deformities.

Milton.

De*fors"er (?), n. [From Deforce.] [Written also deforsor.] A deforciant. [Obs.] Blount.

De*foul" (?), v. t. [See Defile, v. t.] 1. To tread down. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To make foul; to defile. [Obs.] Wyclif.

De*fraud" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defrauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Defrauding.] [L. defraudare; de- + fraudare to cheat, fr. fraus, fraudis, fraud: cf. OF. defrauder. See Fraud.] To deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device; to withhold from wrongfully; to injure by embezzlement; to cheat; to overreach; as, to defraud a servant, or a creditor, or the state; -- with of before the thing taken or withheld.

> We have defrauded no man.

2 Cor. vii. 2.

> Churches seem injured and defrauded of their rights.

Hooker.

De`frau*da"tion (?), n. [L. defraudatio: cf. F. défraudation.] The act of defrauding; a taking by fraud. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

De*fraud"er (?), n. One who defrauds; a cheat; an embezzler; a peculator.

De*fraud"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. defraudement.] Privation by fraud; defrauding. [Obs.] Milton.

De*fray" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defrayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Defraying.] [F. défrayer; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + frais expense, fr. LL. fredum, fridum, expense, fine by which an offender obtained peace from his sovereign, or more likely, atoned for an offense against the public peace, fr. OHG. fridu peace, G. friede. See Affray.] 1. To pay or discharge; to serve in payment of; to provide for, as a charge, debt, expenses, costs, etc.

> For the discharge of his expenses, and defraying his cost, he allowed him . . . four times as much.

Usher.

2. To avert or appease, as by paying off; to satisfy; as, to defray wrath. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*fray"al (?), n. The act of defraying; payment; as, the defrayal of necessary costs.

De*fray"er (?), n. One who pays off expenses.

De*fray"ment (?), n. Payment of charges.

Deft (?), a. [OE. daft, deft, becoming, mild, gentle, stupid (cf. OE. daffe, deffe, fool, coward), AS. dæft (in derivatives only) mild, gentle, fitting, seasonable; akin to dafen, gedafen, becoming, fit, Goth. gadaban to be fit. Cf. Daft, Daff, Dapper.] Apt; fit; dexterous; clever; handy; spruce; neat. [Archaic or Poetic] "The deftest way." Shak. "Deftest feats." Gay.

> The limping god, so deft at his new ministry.

Dryden.

> Let me be deft and debonair.

Byron.

Deft"ly, adv. [Cf. Defly.] Aptly; fitly; dexterously; neatly. "Deftly dancing." Drayton.

> Thyself and office deftly show.

Shak.

Deft"ness, n. The quality of being deft. Drayton.

De*funct" (?). a. [L. defunctus, p. p. of defungi to acquit one's self of, to perform, finish, depart, die; de + fungi to perform, discharge: cf. F. défunt. See Function.] Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased. "Defunct organs." Shak.

> The boar, defunct, lay tripped up, near.

Byron.

De*funct", n. A dead person; one deceased.

De*func"tion (?), n. [L. defunctio performance, death.] Death. [Obs.]

> After defunction of King Pharamond.

Shak.

De*func"tive (?), a. Funereal. [Obs.] "Defunctive music." Shak.

De*fuse" (?), v. t. [Cf. Diffuse.] To disorder; to make shapeless. [Obs.] Shak.

De*fy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Defying.] [F. défier, OF. deffier, desfier, LL. disfidare to disown faith or fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal and his lord; hence, to challenge, defy; fr. L. dis- + fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Diffident, Affiance.] 1. To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce. [Obs.]

> I defy the surety and the bond.

Chaucer.

> For thee I have defied my constant mistress.

Beau. & Fl.

2. To provoke to combat or strife; to call out to combat; to challenge; to dare; to brave; to set at defiance; to treat with contempt; as, to defy an enemy; to defy the power of a magistrate; to defy the arguments of an opponent; to defy public opinion.

> I once again
> Defy thee to the trial of mortal fight.

Milton.

> I defy the enemies of our constitution to show the contrary.

Burke.

De*fy" (?), n. A challenge. [Obs.] Dryden.

De*gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Degarnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Degarnishing.] [F. dégarnir; pref. dé- , des- (L. dis-) + garnir to furnish. See Garnish, and cf. Disgarnish.] 1. To strip or deprive of entirely, as of furniture, ornaments, etc.; to disgarnish; as, to degarnish a house, etc. [R.]

2. To deprive of a garrison, or of troops necessary for defense; as, to degarnish a city or fort. [R.] Washington.

De*gar"nish*ment (?), n. The act of depriving, as of furniture, apparatus, or a garrison. [R.]

{ De*gen"der (?), De*gen"er (?), } v. i. [See Degenerate.] To degenerate. [Obs.] "Degendering to hate." Spenser.

> He degenereth into beastliness.

Joye.

De*gen"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Degenerate, a.] 1. The act of becoming degenerate; a growing worse.

> Willful degeneracy from goodness.

Tillotson.

2. The state of having become degenerate; decline in good qualities; deterioration; meanness.

> Degeneracy of spirit in a state of slavery.

Addison.

> To recover mankind out of their universal corruption and degeneracy.

S. Clarke.

De*gen"er*ate (?), a. [L. degeneratus, p. p. of degenerare to degenerate, cause to degenerate, fr. degener base, degenerate, that departs from its race or kind; de- + genus race, kind. See Kin relationship.] Having become worse than one's kind, or one's former state; having declined in worth; having lost in goodness; deteriorated; degraded; unworthy; base; low.

> Faint-hearted and degenerate king.

Shak.

> A degenerate and degraded state.

Milton.

> Degenerate from their ancient blood.

Swift.

> These degenerate days.

Pope.

> I had planted thee a noble vine . . . : how then art thou turned into the degenerate plant of a strange vine unto me?

Jer. ii. 21.

De*gen"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Degenerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Degenerating.] 1. To be or grow worse than one's kind, or than one was originally; hence, to be inferior; to grow poorer, meaner, or more vicious; to decline in good qualities; to deteriorate.

> When wit transgresseth decency, it degenerates into insolence and impiety.

Tillotson.

2. (Biol.) To fall off from the normal quality or the healthy structure of its kind; to become of a lower type.

De*gen"er*ate*ly (?), adv. In a degenerate manner; unworthily.

De*gen"er*ate*ness, n. Degeneracy.

De*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dégénération.] 1. The act or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse; decline; degradation; debasement; degeneracy; deterioration.

> Our degeneration and apostasy.

Bates.

2. (Physiol.) That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure; as, fatty degeneration of the liver.

3. (Biol.) A gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular organ or organs; hereditary degradation of type.

4. The thing degenerated. [R.]

> Cockle, aracus, . . . and other degenerations.

Sir T. Browne.

Amyloid degeneration, Caseous degeneration, etc. See under Amyloid, Caseous, etc.

De*gen`er*a"tion*ist, n. (Biol.) A believer in the theory of degeneration, or hereditary degradation of type; as, the degenerationists hold that savagery is the result of degeneration from a superior state.

De*gen"er*a*tive (?), a. Undergoing or producing degeneration; tending to degenerate.

De*gen"er*ous (?), a. [L. degener. See Degenerate.] Degenerate; base. [Obs.] "Degenerous passions." Dryden. "Degenerous practices." South.

De*gen"er*ous*ly, adv. Basely. [Obs.]

De*glaz"ing (?), n. The process of giving a dull or ground surface to glass by acid or by mechanical means. Knight.

De*glo"ried (?), a. Deprived of glory; dishonored. [Obs.] "With thorns degloried." G. Fletcher.

De*glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deglutinated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deglutinating.] [L. deglutinatus, p. p. of deglutinare to deglutinate; de- + glutinare to glue, gluten glue.] To loosen or separate by dissolving the glue which unties; to unglue.

De*glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. The act of ungluing.

Deg`lu*ti"tion (?), n. [L. deglutire to swallow down; de- + glutire to swallow: cf. F. déglutition. See Glut.] The act or process of swallowing food; the power of swallowing.

> The muscles employed in the act of deglutition.

Paley.

Deg`lu*ti"tious (?), a. Pertaining to deglutition. [R.]

De*glu"ti*to*ry (?), a. Serving for, or aiding in, deglutition.

Deg`ra*da"tion (?), n. [LL. degradatio, from degradare: cf. F. dégradation. See Degrade.] 1. The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society; diminution; as, the degradation of a peer, a knight, a general, or a bishop.

> He saw many removes and degradations in all the other offices of which he had been possessed.

Clarendon.

2. The state of being reduced in rank, character, or reputation; baseness; moral, physical, or intellectual degeneracy; disgrace; abasement; debasement.

> The . . . degradation of a needy man of letters.

Macaulay.

> Deplorable is the degradation of our nature.

South.

> Moments there frequently must be, when a sinner is sensible of the degradation of his state.

Blair.

3. Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, or value; degeneration; deterioration.

> The development and degradation of the alphabetic forms can be traced.

I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

4. (Geol.) A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, frost etc.

5. (Biol.) The state or condition of a species or group which exhibits degraded forms; degeneration.

> The degradation of the species man is observed in some of its varieties.

Dana.

6. (Physiol.) Arrest of development, or degeneration of any organ, or of the body as a whole.

Degradation of energy, or Dissipation of energy (Physics), the transformation of energy into some form in which it is less available for doing work.

Syn. -- Abasement; debasement; reduction; decline.

De*grade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Degraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Degrading.] [F. dégrader, LL. degradare, fr. L. de- + gradus step, degree. See Grade, and cf. Degree.] 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to lower in rank; to deprive of office or dignity; to strip of honors; as, to degrade a nobleman, or a general officer.

> Prynne was sentenced by the Star Chamber Court to be degraded from the bar.

Palfrey.

2. To reduce in estimation, character, or reputation; to lessen the value of; to lower the physical, moral, or intellectual character of; to debase; to bring shame or contempt upon; to disgrace; as, vice degrades a man.

> O miserable mankind, to what fall
> Degraded, to what wretched state reserved!

Milton.

> Yet time ennobles or degrades each line.

Pope.

> Her pride . . . struggled hard against this degrading passion.

Macaulay.

3. (Geol.) To reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to wear down.

Syn. -- To abase; demean; lower; reduce. See Abase.

De*grade", v. i. (Biol.) To degenerate; to pass from a higher to a lower type of structure; as, a family of plants or animals degrades through this or that genus or group of genera.

De*grad"ed (?), a. 1. Reduced in rank, character, or reputation; debased; sunken; low; base.

> The Netherlands . . . were reduced practically to a very degraded condition.

Motley.

2. (Biol.) Having the typical characters or organs in a partially developed condition, or lacking certain parts.

> Some families of plants are degraded dicotyledons.

Dana.

3. [Cf. F. degré step.] (Her.) Having steps; -- said of a cross each of whose extremities finishes in steps growing larger as they leave the center; -- termed also on degrees.

De*grade"ment (?), n. Deprivation of rank or office; degradation. [R.] Milton.

De*grad"ing*ly, adv. In a degrading manner.

Deg`ra*va"tion (?), n. [L. degravare, degravatum, to make heavy. See Grave, a.] The act of making heavy. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*gree" (?), n. [F. degré, OF. degret, fr. LL. degradare. See Degrade.] 1. A step, stair, or staircase. [Obs.]

> By ladders, or else by degree.

Rom. of R.

2. One of a series of progressive steps upward or downward, in quality, rank, acquirement, and the like; a stage in progression; grade; gradation; as, degrees of vice and virtue; to advance by slow degrees; degree of comparison.

3. The point or step of progression to which a person has arrived; rank or station in life; position. "A dame of high degree." Dryden. "A knight is your degree." Shak. "Lord or lady of high degree." Lowell.

4. Measure of advancement; quality; extent; as, tastes differ in kind as well as in degree.

> The degree of excellence which proclaims genius, is different in different times and different places.

Sir. J. Reynolds.

5. Grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college or university, in recognition of their attainments; as, the degree of bachelor of arts, master, doctor, etc.

In the United States diplomas are usually given as the evidence of a degree conferred. In the humanities the first degree is that of bachelor of arts (B. A. or A. B.); the second that of master of arts (M. A. or A. M.). The degree of bachelor (of arts, science, divinity, law, etc.) is conferred upon those who complete a prescribed course of undergraduate study. The first degree in medicine is that of doctor of medicine (M. D.). The degrees of master and doctor are sometimes conferred, in course, upon those who have completed certain prescribed postgraduate studies, as doctor of philosophy (Ph. D.); but more frequently the degree of doctor is conferred as a complimentary recognition of eminent services in science or letters, or for public services or distinction (as doctor of laws (LL. D.) or doctor of divinity (D. D.), when they are called honorary degrees.

> The youth attained his bachelor's degree, and left the university.

Macaulay.

6. (Genealogy) A certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood; one remove in the chain of relationship; as, a relation in the third or fourth degree.

> In the 11th century an opinion began to gain ground in Italy, that third cousins might marry, being in the seventh degree according to the civil law.

Hallam.

<! p. 384 !>

7. (Arith.) Three figures taken together in numeration; thus, 140 is one degree, 222,140 two degrees.

8. (Algebra) State as indicated by sum of exponents; more particularly, the degree of a term is indicated by the sum of the exponents of its literal factors; thus, a2b3c is a term of the sixth degree. The degree of a power, or radical, is denoted by its index, that of an equation by the greatest sum of the exponents of the unknown quantities in any term; thus, ax4 + bx2 = c, and mx2y2 + nyx = p, are both equations of the fourth degree.

9. (Trig.) A 360th part of the circumference of a circle, which part is taken as the principal unit of measure for arcs and angles. The degree is divided into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds.

10. A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument, as on a thermometer. 11. (Mus.) A line or space of the staff.

The short lines and their spaces are added degrees.

Accumulation of degrees. (Eng. Univ.) See under Accumulation. -- By degrees, step by step; by little and little; by moderate advances. "I'll leave it by degrees." Shak. -- Degree of a curve or surface (Geom.), the number which expresses the degree of the equation of the curve or surface in rectilinear coördinates. A straight line will, in general, meet the curve or surface in a number of points equal to the degree of the curve or surface and no more. -- Degree of latitude (Geog.), on the earth, the distance on a meridian between two parallels of latitude whose latitudes differ from each other by one degree. This distance is not the same on different parts of a meridian, on account of the flattened figure of the earth, being 68.702 statute miles at the equator, and 69.396 at the poles. -- Degree of longitude, the distance on a parallel of latitude between two meridians that make an angle of one degree with each other at the poles -- a distance which varies as the cosine of the latitude, being at the equator 69.16 statute miles. -- To a degree, to an extreme; exceedingly; as, mendacious to a degree.

> It has been said that Scotsmen . . . are . . . grave to a degree on occasions when races more favored by nature are gladsome to excess.

Prof. Wilson.

||De"gu (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A small South American rodent (Octodon Cumingii), of the family Octodontidæ.

De*gust" (?), v. t. [L. degustare: cf. F. déguster. See Gust to taste.] To taste. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Deg`us*ta"tion (?), n. [L. degustatio: cf. F. dégustation.] (Physiol.) Tasting; the appreciation of sapid qualities by the taste organs. Bp. Hall.

De*hisce" (?), v. i. [L. dehiscere; de- + hiscere to gape.] To gape; to open by dehiscence.

De*his"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. déhiscence.] 1. The act of gaping.

2. (Biol.) A gaping or bursting open along a definite line of attachment or suture, without tearing, as in the opening of pods, or the bursting of capsules at maturity so as to emit seeds, etc.; also, the bursting open of follicles, as in the ovaries of animals, for the expulsion of their contents.

De*his"cent (?), a. [L. dehiscens, -entis, p. pr. Cf. F. déhiscent.] Characterized by dehiscence; opening in some definite way, as the capsule of a plant.

De`ho*nes"tate (?), v. t. [L. dehonestatus, p. p. of dehonestare to dishonor; de- + honestare to make honorable. Cf. Dishonest, and see Honest.] To disparage. [Obs.]

De*hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. dehonestatio.] A dishonoring; disgracing. [Obs.] Gauden.

De*horn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dehorned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dehorning.] To deprive of horns; to prevent the growth of the horns of (cattle) by burning their ends soon after they start. See Dishorn. "Dehorning cattle." Farm Journal (1886).

||De*hors" (?), prep. [F., outside.] (Law) Out of; without; foreign to; out of the agreement, record, will, or other instrument.

||De*hors", n. (Mil.) All sorts of outworks in general, at a distance from the main works; any advanced works for protection or cover. Farrow.

De*hort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dehorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dehorting.] [L. dehortari; de- + hortari to urge, exhort.] To urge to abstain or refrain; to dissuade. [Obs.]

> The apostles vehemently dehort us from unbelief.

Bp. Ward.

> "Exhort" remains, but dehort, a word whose place neither "dissuade" nor any other exactly supplies, has escaped us.

Trench.

De`hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. dehortatio.] Dissuasion; advice against something. [R.]

De*hort"a*tive (?), a. Dissuasive. [R.]

De*hort"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. dehortatorius.] Fitted or designed to dehort or dissuade. Bp. Hall.

De*hort"er (?), n. A dissuader; an adviser to the contrary. [Obs.]

De*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. To divest of human qualities, such as pity, tenderness, etc.; as, dehumanizing influences.

De*husk" (?), v. t. To remove the husk from. [Obs.] "Wheat dehusked upon the floor." Drant.

De*hy"drate (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deprive of water; to render free from water; as, to dehydrate alcohol.

De`hy*dra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of freeing from water; also, the condition of a body from which the water has been removed.

De*hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deprive of, or free from, hydrogen.

De*hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of freeing from hydrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of hydrogen.

De"i*cide (?), n. [L. deicida a deicide (in sense 2); deus god + cædere to cut, kill: cf. F. déicide.] 1. The act of killing a being of a divine nature; particularly, the putting to death of Jesus Christ. [R.]

> Earth profaned, yet blessed, with deicide.

Prior.

2. One concerned in putting Christ to death.

Deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. deiktiko`s serving to show or point out, fr. deikny`nai to show.] (Logic) Direct; proving directly; -- applied to reasoning, and opposed to elenchtic or refutative.

Deic"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a manner to show or point out; directly; absolutely; definitely.

> When Christ spake it deictically.

Hammond.

{ De*if"ic (?), De*if"ic*al (?), } a. [L. deificus; deus god + facere to make: cf. F. déifique.] Making divine; producing a likeness to God; god-making. "A deifical communion." Homilies.

De`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. deificare to deify: cf. F. déification. See Deify.] The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis; excessive praise.

De"i*fied (?), a. Honored or worshiped as a deity; treated with supreme regard; godlike.

De"i*fi`er (?), n. One who deifies.

De"i*form (?), a. [L. deus a god + -form.] 1. Godlike, or of a godlike form. Dr. H. More.

2. Conformable to the will of God. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

De`i*for"mi*ty (?), n. Likeness to deity. [Obs.]

De"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deifying.] [F. déifier, LL. deificare, fr. L. deificus. See Deific, Deity, -fy.] 1. To make a god of; to exalt to the rank of a deity; to enroll among the deities; to apotheosize; as, Julius Cæsar was deified.

2. To praise or revere as a deity; to treat as an object of supreme regard; as, to deify money.

> He did again so extol and deify the pope.

Bacon.

3. To render godlike.

> By our own spirits are we deified.

Wordsworth.

Deign (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deigning.] [OE. deinen, deignen, OF. degner, deigner, daigner, F. daigner, fr. L. dignari to deem worthy, deign, fr. dignus worthy; akin to decere to be fitting. See Decent, and cf. Dainty, Dignity, Condign, Disdain.] 1. To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; - - opposed to disdain. [Obs.]

> I fear my Julia would not deign my lines.

Shak.

2. To condescend to give or bestow; to stoop to furnish; to vouchsafe; to allow; to grant.

> Nor would we deign him burial of his men.

Shak.

Deign, v. i. To think worthy; to vouchsafe; to condescend; - - followed by an infinitive.

> O deign to visit our forsaken seats.

Pope.

> Yet not Lord Cranstone deigned she greet.

Sir W. Scott.

> Round turned he, as not deigning
> Those craven ranks to see.

Macaulay.

In early English deign was often used impersonally.

> Him deyneth not to set his foot to ground.

Chaucer.

Deign"ous (?), a. [For disdeignous, OF. desdeignos, desdaigneus, F. dédaigneux. See Disdain.] Haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Deil (dl), n. Devil; -- spelt also deel. [Scot.]

Deil's buckie. See under Buckie.

||Dei*noc"e*ras (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) See Dinoceras.

||Dei*nor"nis (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) See Dinornis.

||Dei"no*saur (d"n*sr), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) See Dinosaur.

||Dei`no*the"ri*um (d`n*th"r*m), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) See Dinotherium.

De*in"te*grate (?), v. t. [L. deintegrare to impair; de- + integrare to make whole.] To disintegrate. [Obs.]

{ Dein"te*ous (?), Dein"te*vous (?) }, a. Rare; excellent; costly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*ip"a*rous (d*p"*rs), a. [L. deus a god + parere to bring forth.] Bearing or bringing forth a god; -- said of the Virgin Mary. [Obs.] Bailey.

Deip*nos"o*phist (dp*ns"*fst), n. [Gr. deipnosofisth`s; dei^pnon a meal + sofisth`s a wise man, sophist.] One of an ancient sect of philosophers, who cultivated learned conversation at meals.

De"is (d"s), n. See Dais.

De"ism (d"z'm), n. [L. deus god: cf. F. déisme. See Deity.] The doctrine or creed of a deist; the belief or system of those who acknowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation.

Deism is the belief in natural religion only, or those truths, in doctrine and practice, which man is to discover by the light of reason, independent of any revelation from God. Hence, deism implies infidelity, or a disbelief in the divine origin of the Scriptures.

De"ist (d"st), n. [L. deus god: cf. F. déiste. See Deity.] One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; a freethinker.

A deist, as denying a revelation, is opposed to a Christian; as, opposed to the denier of a God, whether atheist or pantheist, a deist is generally denominated theist. Latham.

Syn. -- See Infidel.

{ De*is"tic (d*s"tk), De*is"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, savoring of, or consisting in, deism; as, a deistic writer; a deistical book.

> The deistical or antichristian scheme.

I. Watts.

De*is"tic*al*ly, adv. After the manner of deists.

De*is"tic*al*ness, n. State of being deistical.

De"i*tate (d"*tt), a. Deified. [Obs.] Cranmer.

De"i*ty (d"*t), n.; pl. Deities (- tz). [OE. deite, F. déité, fr. L. deitas, fr. deus a god; akin to divus divine, Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jupiter, dies day, Gr. di^os divine, Zey`s, gen. Dio`s, Zeus, Skr. dva divine, as a noun, god, daiva divine, dy sky, day, hence, the sky personified as a god, and to the first syllable of E. Tuesday, Gael. & Ir. dia God, W. duw. Cf. Divine, Journey, Journal, Tuesday.] 1. The collection of attributes which make up the nature of a god; divinity; godhead; as, the deity of the Supreme Being is seen in his works.

> They declared with emphasis the perfect deity and the perfect manhood of Christ.

Milman.

2. A god or goddess; a heathen god.

> To worship calves, the deities
> Of Egypt.

Milton.

The Deity, God, the Supreme Being.

> This great poet and philosopher [Simonides], the more he contemplated the nature of the Deity, found that he waded but the more out of his depth.

Addison.

De*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Dejecting.] [L. dejectus, p. p. of dejicere to throw down; de- + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To cast down. [Obs. or Archaic]

> Christ dejected himself even unto the hells.

Udall.

> Sometimes she dejects her eyes in a seeming civility; and many mistake in her a cunning for a modest look.

Fuller.

2. To cast down the spirits of; to dispirit; to discourage; to dishearten.

> Nor think, to die dejects my lofty mind.

Pope.

De*ject", a. [L. dejectus, p. p.] Dejected. [Obs.]

||De*jec"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. dejectus, p. p.] Excrements; as, the dejecta of the sick.

De*ject"ed, a. Cast down; afflicted; low-spirited; sad; as, a dejected look or countenance. -- De*ject"ed*ly, adv. -- De*ject"ed*ness, n.

De*ject"er (?), n. One who casts down, or dejects.

De*jec"tion (?), n. [L. dejectio a casting down: cf. F. déjection.] 1. A casting down; depression. [Obs. or Archaic] Hallywell.

2. The act of humbling or abasing one's self.

> Adoration implies submission and dejection.

Bp. Pearson.

3. Lowness of spirits occasioned by grief or misfortune; mental depression; melancholy.

> What besides,
> Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair,
> Our frailty can sustain, thy tidings bring.

Milton.

4. A low condition; weakness; inability. [R.]

> A dejection of appetite.

Arbuthnot.

5. (Physiol.) (a) The discharge of excrement. (b) Fæces; excrement. Ray.

De*ject"ly (?), adv. Dejectedly. [Obs.]

De*jec"to*ry (?), a. [L. dejector a dejecter.] 1. Having power, or tending, to cast down.

2. Promoting evacuations by stool. Ferrand.

De*jec"ture (?; 135), n. That which is voided; excrements. Arbuthnot.

Dej"er*ate (?), v. i. [L. dejeratus, p. p. of dejerare to swear; de- + jurare to swear.] To swear solemnly; to take an oath. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Dej`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. dejeratio.] The act of swearing solemnly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

||Dé`jeu`né" (?), n. [F.] A déjeuner.

> Take a déjeuné of muskadel and eggs.

B. Jonson.

||Dé`jeu`ner" (?), n. [F. déjeuner breakfast, as a verb, to breakfast. Cf. Dinner.] A breakfast; sometimes, also, a lunch or collation.

||De` ju"re (?). [L.] By right; of right; by law; -- often opposed to de facto.

Dek"a- (?). (Metric System) A prefix signifying ten. See Deca-.

Dek"a*gram (?), n. Same as Decagram.

Dek"a*li`ter (?), n. Same as Decaliter.

Dek"a*me`ter (?), n. Same as Decameter.

Dek"a*stere` (?), n. Same as Decastere.

De"kle (?), n. (Paper Making) See Deckle.

Del (?), n. [See Deal, n.] Share; portion; part. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*lac`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. delacerare, delaceratum, to tear in pieces. See Lacerate.] A tearing in pieces. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*lac`ry*ma"tion (?), n. [L. delacrimatio, fr. delacrimare to weep. See Lachrymation.] An involuntary discharge of watery humors from the eyes; wateriness of the eyes. [Obs.] Bailey.

De`lac*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. de- + L. lactare to suck milk, from lac milk.] The act of weaning. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*laine" (?), n. [See Muslin delaine, under Muslin.] A kind of fabric for women's dresses.

De*lam`i*na"tion (?), n. (Biol.) Formation and separation of laminæ or layers; one of the methods by which the various blastodermic layers of the ovum are differentiated.

This process consists of a concentric splitting of the cells of the blastosphere into an outer layer (epiblast) and an inner layer (hypoblast). By the perforation of the resultant two-walled vesicle, a gastrula results similar to that formed by the process of invagination.

De`lap*sa"tion (?), n. See Delapsion. Ray.

De*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Delapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Delapsing.] [L. delapsus, p. p. of delabi to fall down; de- + labi to fall or side.] To pass down by inheritance; to lapse. [Obs.]

> Which Anne derived alone the right, before all other,
> Of the delapsed crown from Philip.

Drayton.

<! p. 385 !>

De*lap"sion (?), n. A falling down, or out of place; prolapsion.

De`las*sa"tion (?), n. [L. delassare, delassatum, to tire out; de- + lassare to tire.] Fatigue.

> Able to continue without delassation.

Ray.

De*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delated; p. pr. & vb. n. Delating.] [L. delatus, used as p. p. of deferre. See Tolerate, and cf. 3d Defer, Delay, v.] [Obs. or Archaic] 1. To carry; to convey.

> Try exactly the time wherein sound is delated.

Bacon.

2. To carry abroad; to spread; to make public.

> When the crime is delated or notorious.

Jer. Taylor.

3. To carry or bring against, as a charge; to inform against; to accuse; to denounce.

> As men were delated, they were marked down for such a fine.

Bp. Burnet.

4. To carry on; to conduct. Warner.

De*late", v. i. To dilate. [Obs.] Goodwin.

De*la"tion (?), n. [L. delatio accusation: cf. F. délation.] 1. Conveyance. [Obs. or Archaic]

> In delation of sounds, the inclosure of them preserveth them.

Bacon.

2. (Law) Accusation by an informer. Milman.

De*la"tor (?), n. [L.] An accuser; an informer. [R.] Howell.

Del"a*ware (?), n. (Bot.) An American grape, with compact bunches of small, amber-colored berries, sweet and of a good flavor.

Del"a*wares (?), n. pl.; sing. Delaware. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the valley of the Delaware River, but now mostly located in the Indian Territory.

De*lay" (?), n.; pl. Delays (#). [F. délai, fr. OF. deleer to delay, or fr. L. dilatum, which, though really from a different root, is used in Latin only as a p. p. neut. of differre to carry apart, defer, delay. See Tolerate, and cf. Differ, Delay, v.] A putting off or deferring; procrastination; lingering inactivity; stop; detention; hindrance.

> Without any delay, on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat.

Acts xxv. 17.

> The government ought to be settled without the delay of a day.

Macaulay.

De*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Delaying.] [OF. deleer, delaier, fr. the noun délai, or directly fr. L. dilatare to enlarge, dilate, in LL., to put off. See Delay, n., and cf. Delate, 1st Defer, Dilate.] 1. To put off; to defer; to procrastinate; to prolong the time of or before.

> My lord delayeth his coming.

Matt. xxiv. 48.

2. To retard; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time; to retard the motion, or time of arrival, of; as, the mail is delayed by a heavy fall of snow.

> Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed
> The huddling brook to hear his madrigal.

Milton.

3. To allay; to temper. [Obs.]

> The watery showers delay the raging wind.

Surrey.

De*lay", v. i. To move slowly; to stop for a time; to linger; to tarry.

> There seem to be certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of those ideas, . . . beyond which they can neither delay nor hasten.

Locke.

De*lay"er (?), n. One who delays; one who lingers.

De*lay"ing*ly, adv. By delays. [R.] Tennyson.

De*lay"ment (?), n. Hindrance. [Obs.] Gower.

||Del` cred"er*e (?). [It., of belief or trust.] (Mercantile Law) An agreement by which an agent or factor, in consideration of an additional premium or commission (called a del credere commission), engages, when he sells goods on credit, to insure, warrant, or guarantee to his principal the solvency of the purchaser, the engagement of the factor being to pay the debt himself if it is not punctually discharged by the buyer when it becomes due.

De"le (?), imperative sing. of L. delere to destroy. [Cf. Delete.] (Print.) Erase; remove; -- a direction to cancel something which has been put in type; usually expressed by a peculiar form of d, thus: .

De"le, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deleing.] [From the preceding word.] (Print.) To erase; to cancel; to delete; to mark for omission.

Dele (?), v. t. [See Deal.] To deal; to divide; to distribute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Del"e*ble (?; 277), a. [L. delebilis. See 1st Dele.] Capable of being blotted out or erased. "An impression easily deleble." Fuller.

De*lec"ta*ble (?), a. [OF. delitable, OF. delitable, F. délectable, fr. L. delectabilis, fr. delectare to delight. See Delight.] Highly pleasing; delightful.

> Delectable both to behold and taste.

Milton.

-- De*lec"ta*ble*ness, n. -- De*lec"ta*bly, adv.

De*lec"tate (?), v. t. [L. delectatus, p. p. of delectare. See Delight.] To delight; to charm. [R.]

De`lec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. delectatio: cf. F. délectation.] Great pleasure; delight.

||De*lec"tus (?), n. [L., selection, from deligere, delectum, to select.] A name given to an elementary book for learners of Latin or Greek. G. Eliot.

Del`e*ga*cy (?), n. [From Delegate, a.] 1. The act of delegating, or state of being delegated; deputed power. [Obs.]

> By way of delegacy or grand commission.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A body of delegates or commissioners; a delegation. [Obs.] Burton.

Del"e*gate (?), n. [L. delegatus, p. p. of delegare to send, delegate; de- + legare to send with a commission, to depute. See Legate.] 1. Any one sent and empowered to act for another; one deputed to represent; a chosen deputy; a representative; a commissioner; a vicar.

2. (a) One elected by the people of a territory to represent them in Congress, where he has the right of debating, but not of voting. (b) One sent by any constituency to act as its representative in a convention; as, a delegate to a convention for nominating officers, or for forming or altering a constitution. [U.S.]

Court of delegates, formerly, the great court of appeal from the archbishops' courts and also from the court of admiralty. It is now abolished, and the privy council is the immediate court of appeal in such cases. [Eng.]

Del"e*gate (?), a. [L. delegatus, p. p.] Sent to act for or represent another; deputed; as, a delegate judge. "Delegate power." Strype.

Del"e*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delegated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Delegating (?).] 1. To send as one's representative; to empower as an ambassador; to send with power to transact business; to commission; to depute; to authorize.

2. To intrust to the care or management of another; to transfer; to assign; to commit.

> The delegated administration of the law.

Locke.

> Delegated executive power.

Bancroft.

> The power exercised by the legislature is the people's power, delegated by the people to the legislative.

J. B. Finch.

Del`e*ga"tion (?), n. [L. delegatio: cf. F. délégation.] 1. The act of delegating, or investing with authority to act for another; the appointment of a delegate or delegates.

2. One or more persons appointed or chosen, and commissioned to represent others, as in a convention, in Congress, etc.; the collective body of delegates; as, the delegation from Massachusetts; a deputation.

3. (Rom. Law) A kind of novation by which a debtor, to be liberated from his creditor, gives him a third person, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor, or to the person appointed by him. Pothier.

Del"e*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. delegatorius pert. to an assignment.] Holding a delegated position. Nash.

||De*len"da (?), n. pl. [L., fr. delere to destroy.] Things to be erased or blotted out.

Del`e*nif"ic*al (?), a. [L. delenificus; delenire to soothe + facere to make. See Lenient.] Assuaging pain. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*lete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deleting.] [L. deletus, p. p. of delere to destroy. Cf. 1st Dele.] To blot out; to erase; to expunge; to dele; to omit.

> I have, therefore, . . . inserted eleven stanzas which do not appear in Sir Walter Scott's version, and have deleted eight.

Aytoun.

Del`e*te"ri*ous (?), a. [LL. deleterius noxious, Gr. dhlhth`rios, fr. dhlei^sqai to hurt, damage; prob. akin to L. delere to destroy.] Hurtful; noxious; destructive; pernicious; as, a deleterious plant or quality; a deleterious example. -- Del`e*te"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Del`e*te"ri*ous*ness, n.

Del"e*ter*y (?), a. [LL. deleterius: cf. F. délétère.] Destructive; poisonous. [Obs.] "Deletery medicines." Hudibras.

Del"e*ter*y, n. That which destroys. [Obs.]

> They [the Scriptures] are the only deletery of heresies.

Jer. Taylor.

De*le"tion (?), n. [L. deletio, fr. delere. See Delete.] Act of deleting, blotting out, or erasing; destruction. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

> A total deletion of every person of the opposing party.

Sir M. Hale.

Del`e*ti"tious (?), a. [L. deleticius.] Of such a nature that anything may be erased from it; -- said of paper.

Del"e*tive (?), a. Adapted to destroy or obliterate. [R.] Evelyn.

Del"e*to*ry (?), n. [See Delete.] That which blots out. [Obs.] "A deletory of sin." Jer. Taylor.

Delf (?), n. [AS. delf a delving, digging. See Delve.] A mine; a quarry; a pit dug; a ditch. [Written also delft, and delve.] [Obs.]

> The delfts would be so flown with waters, that no gins or machines could . . . keep them dry.

Ray.

Delf, n. Same as Delftware.

Delft (?), n. Same as Delftware.

Delft"ware` (?), n. (a) Pottery made at the city of Delft in Holland; hence: (b) Earthenware made in imitation of the above; any glazed earthenware made for table use, and the like.

Del"i*bate (?), v. t. [L. delibatus, p. p. of delibare to taste; de- + libare to taste.] To taste; to take a sip of; to dabble in. [Obs.]

Del`i*ba"tion (?), n. [L. delibatio: cf. F. délibation.] Act of tasting; a slight trial. [Obs.] Berkeley.

Del"i*ber (?), v. t. & i. To deliberate. [Obs.]

De*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. deliberatus, p. p. of deliberare to deliberate; de- + librare to weigh. See Librate.] 1. Weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; circumspect; slow in determining; -- applied to persons; as, a deliberate judge or counselor. "These deliberate fools." Shak.

2. Formed with deliberation; well-advised; carefully considered; not sudden or rash; as, a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure or result.

> Settled visage and deliberate word.

Shak.

3. Not hasty or sudden; slow. Hooker.

> His enunciation was so deliberate.

W. Wirt.

De*lib"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deliberated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deliberating.] To weigh in the mind; to consider the reasons for and against; to consider maturely; to reflect upon; to ponder; as, to deliberate a question.

De*lib"er*ate, v. i. To take counsel with one's self; to weigh the arguments for and against a proposed course of action; to reflect; to consider; to hesitate in deciding; -- sometimes with on, upon, about, concerning.

> The woman that deliberates is lost.

Addison.

De*lib"er*ate*ly (?), adv. With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly; warily; not hastily or rashly; slowly; as, a purpose deliberately formed.

De*lib"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being deliberate; calm consideration; circumspection.

De*lib`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. deliberatio: cf. F. délibération.] 1. The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.

> Choosing the fairest way with a calm deliberation.

W. Montagu.

2. Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; as, the deliberations of a legislative body or council.

De*lib"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. deliberativus: cf. F. délibératif.] Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by deliberation, or by discussion and examination; deliberating; as, a deliberative body.

> A consummate work of deliberative wisdom.

Bancroft.

> The court of jurisdiction is to be distinguished from the deliberative body, the advisers of the crown.

Hallam.

De*lib"er*a*tive, n. 1. A discourse in which a question is discussed, or weighed and examined. Bacon.

2. A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.

De*lib"er*a*tive*ly, adv. In a deliberative manner; circumspectly; considerately.

De*lib"er*a`tor (?), n. One who deliberates.

Del"i*brate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delibrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Delibrating.] [L. delibratus, p. p. of delibrare to delibrate; de from + liber bark.] To strip off the bark; to peel. [Obs.] Ash.

Del`i*bra"tion (?), n. The act of stripping off the bark. [Obs.] Ash.

Del"i*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Delicacies (#). [From Delicate, a.] 1. The state or condition of being delicate; agreeableness to the senses; delightfulness; as, delicacy of flavor, of odor, and the like.

> What choice to choose for delicacy best.

Milton.

2. Nicety or fineness of form, texture, or constitution; softness; elegance; smoothness; tenderness; and hence, frailty or weakness; as, the delicacy of a fiber or a thread; delicacy of a hand or of the human form; delicacy of the skin; delicacy of frame.

3. Nice propriety of manners or conduct; susceptibility or tenderness of feeling; refinement; fastidiousness; and hence, in an exaggerated sense, effeminacy; as, great delicacy of behavior; delicacy in doing a kindness; delicacy of character that unfits for earnest action.

> You know your mother's delicacy in this point.

Cowper.

4. Addiction to pleasure; luxury; daintiness; indulgence; luxurious or voluptuous treatment.

> And to those dainty limbs which Nature lent
> For gentle usage and soft delicacy?

Milton.

5. Nice and refined perception and discrimination; critical niceness; fastidious accuracy.

> That Augustan delicacy of taste which is the boast of the great public schools of England.

Macaulay.

6. The state of being affected by slight causes; sensitiveness; as, the delicacy of a chemist's balance.

7. That which is alluring, delicate, or refined; a luxury or pleasure; something pleasant to the senses, especially to the sense of taste; a dainty; as, delicacies of the table.

> The merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.

Rev. xviii. 3.

8. Pleasure; gratification; delight. [Obs.]

> He Rome brent for his delicacie.

Chaucer.

Syn. -- See Dainty.

Del"i*cate (?), a. [L. delicatus pleasing the senses, voluptuous, soft and tender; akin to deliciae delight: cf. F. délicat. See Delight.] 1. Addicted to pleasure; luxurious; voluptuous; alluring. [R.]

> Dives, for his delicate life, to the devil went.

Piers Plowman.

> Haarlem is a very delicate town.

Evelyn.

2. Pleasing to the senses; refinedly agreeable; hence, adapted to please a nice or cultivated taste; nice; fine; elegant; as, a delicate dish; delicate flavor.

3. Slight and shapely; lovely; graceful; as, "a delicate creature." Shak.

4. Fine or slender; minute; not coarse; -- said of a thread, or the like; as, delicate cotton.

5. Slight or smooth; light and yielding; -- said of texture; as, delicate lace or silk.

6. Soft and fair; -- said of the skin or a surface; as, a delicate cheek; a delicate complexion.

7. Light, or softly tinted; -- said of a color; as, a delicate blue.

8. Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; -- said of manners, conduct, or feelings; as, delicate behavior; delicate attentions; delicate thoughtfulness.

9. Tender; not able to endure hardship; feeble; frail; effeminate; -- said of constitution, health, etc.; as, a delicate child; delicate health.

> A delicate and tender prince.

Shak.

10. Requiring careful handling; not to be rudely or hastily dealt with; nice; critical; as, a delicate subject or question.

> There are some things too delicate and too sacred to be handled rudely without injury to truth.

F. W. Robertson.

11. Of exacting tastes and habits; dainty; fastidious.

12. Nicely discriminating or perceptive; refinedly critical; sensitive; exquisite; as, a delicate taste; a delicate ear for music.

13. Affected by slight causes; showing slight changes; as, a delicate thermometer.

Del"i*cate, n. 1. A choice dainty; a delicacy. [R.]

> With abstinence all delicates he sees.

Dryden.

<! p. 386 !>

2. A delicate, luxurious, or effeminate person.

> All the vessels, then, which our delicates have, -- those I mean that would seem to be more fine in their houses than their neighbors, -- are only of the Corinth metal.

Holland.

Del"i*cate*ly (?), adv. In a delicate manner.

Del"i*cate*ness, n. The quality of being delicate.

Del"i*ces (?), n. pl. [F. délices, fr. L. deliciae.] Delicacies; delights. [Obs.] "Dainty delices." Spenser.

De*li"ci*ate (?), v. t. To delight one's self; to indulge in feasting; to revel. [Obs.]

De*li"cious (?), a. [OF. delicieus, F. délicieux, L. deliciosus, fr. deliciae delight, fr. delicere to allure. See Delight.] 1. Affording exquisite pleasure; delightful; most sweet or grateful to the senses, especially to the taste; charming.

> Some delicious landscape.

Coleridge.

> One draught of spring's delicious air.

Keble.

> Were not his words delicious?

Tennyson.

2. Addicted to pleasure; seeking enjoyment; luxurious; effeminate. [Obs.]

> Others, lastly, of a more delicious and airy spirit, retire themselves to the enjoyments of ease and luxury.

Milton.

Syn. -- Delicious, Delightful. Delicious refers to the pleasure derived from certain of the senses, particularly the taste and smell; as, delicious food; a delicious fragrance. Delightful may also refer to most of the senses (as, delightful music; a delightful prospect; delightful sensations), but has a higher application to matters of taste, feeling, and sentiment; as, a delightful abode, conversation, employment; delightful scenes, etc.

> Like the rich fruit he sings, delicious in decay.

Smith.

> No spring, nor summer, on the mountain seen,
> Smiles with gay fruits or with delightful green.

Addison.

De*li"cious*ly, adv. Delightfully; as, to feed deliciously; to be deliciously entertained.

De*li"cious*ness, n. 1. The quality of being delicious; as, the deliciousness of a repast.

2. Luxury. "To drive away all superfluity and deliciousness." Sir T. North.

De*lict" (?), n. [L. delictum fault.] (Law) An offense or transgression against law; (Scots Law) an offense of a lesser degree; a misdemeanor.

> Every regulation of the civil code necessarily implies a delict in the event of its violation.

Jeffrey.

Del"i*gate (?), v. t. [L. deligatus, p. p. of deligare to bind up; de- + ligare to bind.] (Surg.) To bind up; to bandage.

Del`i*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déligation.] (Surg.) A binding up; a bandaging. Wiseman.

De*light" (?), n. [OE. delit, OF. delit, deleit, fr. delitier, to delight. See Delight, v. t.] 1. A high degree of gratification of mind; a high- wrought state of pleasurable feeling; lively pleasure; extreme satisfaction; joy.

> Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not.

Shak.

> A fool hath no delight in understanding.

Prov. xviii. 2.

2. That which gives great pleasure or delight.

> Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight.

Milton.

3. Licentious pleasure; lust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*light", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Delighting.] [OE. deliten, OF. delitier, deleitier, F. délecter, fr. L. delectare to entice away, to delight (sc. by attracting or alluring), intens. of delicere to allure, delight; de- + lacere to entice, allure; cf. laqueus a snare. Cf. Delectate, Delicate, Delicious, Dilettante, Elicit, Lace.] To give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please highly; as, a beautiful landscape delights the eye; harmony delights the ear.

> Inventions to delight the taste.

Shak.

> Delight our souls with talk of knightly deeds.

Tennyson.

De*light", v. i. To have or take great delight or pleasure; to be greatly pleased or rejoiced; -- followed by an infinitive, or by in.

> Love delights in praises.

Shak.

> I delight to do thy will, O my God.

Ps. xl. 8.

De*light"a*ble (?), a. [See Delectable.] Capable of delighting; delightful. [Obs.]

> Many a spice delightable.

Rom. of R.

De*light"ed, a. Endowed with delight.

> If virtue no delighted beauty lack.

Shak.

Syn. -- Glad; pleased; gratified. See Glad.

De*light"ed*ly, adv. With delight; gladly.

De*light"er (?), n. One who gives or takes delight.

De*light"ful (?), a. Highly pleasing; affording great pleasure and satisfaction. "Delightful bowers." Spenser. "Delightful fruit.>" Milton.

Syn. -- Delicious; charming. See Delicious.

-- De*light"ful*ly, adv. -- De*light"ful*ness, n.

De*light"ing, a. Giving delight; gladdening. -- De*light"ing*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.

De*light"less, a. Void of delight. Thomson.

De*light"ous (?) a. [OF. delitos.] Delightful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

De*light"some (?), a. Very pleasing; delightful. "Delightsome vigor." Grew.

> Ye shall be a delightsome land, . . . saith the Lord.

Mal. iii. 12.

-- De*light"some*ly, adv. -- De*light"some*ness, n.

De*li"lah (?), n. The mistress of Samson, who betrayed him (Judges xvi.); hence, a harlot; a temptress.

> Other Delilahs on a smaller scale Burns met with during his Dumfries sojourn.

J. C. Shairp.

De*lim"it (?), v. t. [L. delimitare: cf. F. délimiter.] To fix the limits of; to demarcate; to bound.

De*lim`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. delimitatio: cf. F. délimitation.] The act or process of fixing limits or boundaries; limitation. Gladstone.

De*line" (d*ln"), v. t. 1. To delineate. [Obs.]

2. To mark out. [Obs.] R. North.

De*lin"e*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, delineated. Feltham.

De*lin"e*a*ment (?), &?;. [See Delineate.] Delineation; sketch. Dr. H. More.

De*lin"e*ate (?), a. [L. delineatus, p. p. of delineare to delineate; de- + lineare to draw, fr. linea line. See Line.] Delineated; portrayed. [R.]

De*lin"e*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delineated; p. pr. & vb. n. Delineating.] 1. To indicate by lines drawn in the form or figure of; to represent by sketch, design, or diagram; to sketch out; to portray; to picture; in drawing and engraving, to represent in lines, as with the pen, pencil, or graver; hence, to represent with accuracy and minuteness. See Delineation.

> Adventurous to delineate nature's form.

Akenside.

2. To portray to the mind or understanding by words; to set forth; to describe.

> Customs or habits delineated with great accuracy.

Walpole.

De*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L. delineatio: cf. F. délinéation.] 1. The act of representing, portraying, or describing, as by lines, diagrams, sketches, etc.; drawing an outline; as, the delineation of a scene or face; in drawing and engraving, representation by means of lines, as distinguished from representation by means of tints and shades; accurate and minute representation, as distinguished from art that is careless of details, or subordinates them excessively.

2. A delineated picture; representation; sketch; description in words.

> Their softest delineations of female beauty.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- Sketch; portrait; outline. See Sketch.

De*lin"e*a`tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, delineates; a sketcher.

2. (Surv.) A perambulator which records distances and delineates a profile, as of a road.

De*lin"e*a*to*ry (?), a. That delineates; descriptive; drawing the outline; delineating.

De*lin"e*a*ture (?; 135), n. Delineation. [Obs.]

Del`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. delinere to smear. See Liniment.] A smearing. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

De*lin"quen*cy (?), n.; pl. Delinquencies (#). [L. delinquentia, fr. delinquens.] Failure or omission of duty; a fault; a misdeed; an offense; a misdemeanor; a crime.

> The delinquencies of the little commonwealth would be represented in the most glaring colors.

Motley.

De*lin"quent (?) a. [L. delinquens, -entis, p. pr. of delinquere to fail, be wanting in one's duty, do wrong; de- + linquere to leave. See Loan, n.] Failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty.

De*lin"quent, n. One who fails or neglects to perform his duty; an offender or transgressor; one who commits a fault or a crime; a culprit.

> A delinquent ought to be cited in the place or jurisdiction where the delinquency was committed.

Ayliffe.

De*lin"quent*ly, adv. So as to fail in duty.

Del"i*quate (?), v. i. [L. deliquatus, p. p. of deliquare to clear off, de- + liquare to make liquid, melt, dissolve.] To melt or be dissolved; to deliquesce. [Obs.] Boyle.

Del"i*quate, v. t. To cause to melt away; to dissolve; to consume; to waste. [Obs.]

> Dilapidating, or rather deliquating, his bishopric.

Fuller.

Del`i*qua"tion (?), n. A melting. [Obs.]

Del`i*quesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deliquesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deliquescing.] [L. deliquescere to melt, dissolve; de- + liquescere to become fluid, melt, fr. liquere to be fluid. See Liquid.] (Chem.) To dissolve gradually and become liquid by attracting and absorbing moisture from the air, as certain salts, acids, and alkalies.

> In very moist air crystals of strontites deliquesce.

Black.

Del`i*ques"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. déliquescence.] The act of deliquescing or liquefying; process by which anything deliquesces; tendency to melt.

Del`i*ques"cent (?), a. [L. deliquescens, -entis, p. pr. of deliquescere: cf. F. déliquescent.] 1. Dissolving; liquefying by contact with the air; capable of attracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid; as, deliquescent salts.

2. (Bot.) Branching so that the stem is lost in branches, as in most deciduous trees. Gray.

De*liq"ui*ate (?), v. i. [L. deliquia a flowing off, a gutter, deliquium a flowing down, fr. deliquare. See Deliquate.] To melt and become liquid by absorbing water from the air; to deliquesce. Fourcroy.

De*liq`ui*a"tion (?), n. The act of deliquiating.

||De*liq"ui*um (?), n. [L. See Deliquiate.] 1. (Chem.) A melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place; a liquid condition; as, a salt falls into a deliquium. [R.]

2. A sinking away; a swooning. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. A melting or maudlin mood. Carlyle.

De*lir"a*cy (?), n. [See Delirate.] Delirium. [Obs.]

De*lir"a*ment (?), n. [L. deliramentum, fr. delirare. See Delirium.] A wandering of the mind; a crazy fancy. [Obs.] Heywood.

De*lir"an*cy (?), n. Delirium. [Obs.] Gauden.

De*lir"ant (?), a. [L. delirans, - antis, p. pr. of delirare. See Delirium.] Delirious. [Obs.] Owen.

De*lir"ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. deliratus, p. p. of delirare. See Delirium.] To madden; to rave. [Obs.]

> An infatuating and delirating spirit in it.

Holland.

Del`i*ra"tion (?), n. [L. deliratio.] Aberration of mind; delirium. J. Morley.

> Deliration or alienation of the understanding.

Mede.

De*lir"i*ant (?), n. [See Delirium.] (Med.) A poison which occasions a persistent delirium, or mental aberration (as belladonna).

De*lir`i*fa"cient (?), a. [Delirium + L. faciens, -entis, p. pr. of facere to make.] (Med.) Producing, or tending to produce, delirium. -- n. Any substance which tends to cause delirium.

De*lir"i*ous (?), a. [From Delirium.] Having a delirium; wandering in mind; light- headed; insane; raving; wild; as, a delirious patient; delirious fancies. -- De*lir"i*ous*ly, adv. -- De*lir"i*ous*ness, n.

De*lir"i*um (?), n. [L., fr. delirare to rave, to wander in mind, prop., to go out of the furrow in plowing; de- + lira furrow, track; perh. akin to G. geleise track, rut, and E. last to endure.] 1. (Med.) A state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are wild, irregular, and incoherent; mental aberration; a roving or wandering of the mind, -- usually dependent on a fever or some other disease, and so distinguished from mania, or madness.

2. Strong excitement; wild enthusiasm; madness.

> The popular delirium [of the French Revolution] at first caught his enthusiastic mind.

W. Irving.

> The delirium of the preceding session (of Parliament).

Morley.

Delirium tremens (&?;). [L., trembling delirium] (Med.), a violent delirium induced by the excessive and prolonged use of intoxicating liquors. -- Traumatic delirium (Med.), a variety of delirium following injury.

Syn. -- Insanity; frenzy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; lunacy; fury. See Insanity.

De*lit" (?), n. Delight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*lit"a*ble (?), a. Delightful; delectable. [Obs.]

Del`i*tes"cence (?), n. [See Delitescent.] 1. Concealment; seclusion; retirement.

> The delitescence of mental activities.

Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Med.) The sudden disappearance of inflammation.

Del`i*tes"cen*cy (?), n. Concealment; seclusion.

> The mental organization of the novelist must be characterized, to speak craniologically, by an extraordinary development of the passion for delitescency.

Sir W. Scott.

Del`i*tes"cent (?), a. [L. delitescens, -entis, p. pr. of delitescere to lie hid.] Lying hid; concealed.

De*lit"i*gate (?), v. i. [L. delitigare to rail. See Litigate.] To chide; to rail heartily. [Obs.]

De*lit`i*ga"tion (?), n. Chiding; brawl. [Obs.]

De*liv"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delivered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Delivering.] [F. délivrer, LL. deliberare to liberate, give over, fr. L. de + liberare to set free. See Liberate.] 1. To set free from restraint; to set at liberty; to release; to liberate, as from control; to give up; to free; to save; to rescue from evil actual or feared; -- often with from or out of; as, to deliver one from captivity, or from fear of death.

> He that taketh warning shall deliver his soul.

Ezek. xxxiii. 5.

> Promise was that I
> Should Israel from Philistian yoke deliver.

Milton.

2. To give or transfer; to yield possession or control of; to part with (to); to make over; to commit; to surrender; to resign; -- often with up or over, to or into.

> Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

Gen. xl. 13.

> The constables have delivered her over.

Shak.

> The exalted mind
> All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

Pope.

3. To make over to the knowledge of another; to communicate; to utter; to speak; to impart.

> Till he these words to him deliver might.

Spenser.

> Whereof the former delivers the precepts of the art, and the latter the perfection.

Bacon.

4. To give forth in action or exercise; to discharge; as, to deliver a blow; to deliver a broadside, or a ball.

> Shaking his head and delivering some show of tears.

Sidney.

> An uninstructed bowler . . . thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it.

Sir W. Scott.

5. To free from, or disburden of, young; to relieve of a child in childbirth; to bring forth; -- often with of.

> She was delivered safe and soon.

Gower.

> Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a few verses, and those poor ones.

Peacham.

6. To discover; to show. [Poetic]

> I 'll deliver
> Myself your loyal servant.

Shak.

7. To deliberate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. To admit; to allow to pass. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn. -- To Deliver, Give Forth, Discharge, Liberate, Pronounce, Utter. Deliver denotes, literally, to set free. Hence the term is extensively applied to cases where a thing is made to pass from a confined state to one of greater freedom or openness. Hence it may, in certain connections, be used as synonymous with any or all of the above-mentioned words, as will be seen from the following examples: One who delivers a package gives it forth; one who delivers a cargo discharges it; one who delivers a captive liberates him; one who delivers a message or a discourse utters or pronounces it; when soldiers deliver their fire, they set it free or give it forth.

De*liv"er, a. [OF. delivre free, unfettered. See Deliver, v. t.] Free; nimble; sprightly; active. [Obs.]

> Wonderly deliver and great of strength.

Chaucer.

De*liv"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or about to be, delivered; necessary to be delivered. Hale.

De*liv"er*ance (?), n. [F. délivrance, fr. délivrer.] 1. The act of delivering or freeing from restraint, captivity, peril, and the like; rescue; as, the deliverance of a captive.

> He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives.

Luke iv. 18.

> One death or one deliverance we will share.

Dryden.

2. Act of bringing forth children. [Archaic] Shak.

3. Act of speaking; utterance. [Archaic] Shak.

In this and in the preceding sense delivery is the word more commonly used.

4. The state of being delivered, or freed from restraint.

> I do desire deliverance from these officers.

Shak.

5. Anything delivered or communicated; esp., an opinion or decision expressed publicly. [Scot.]

6. (Metaph.) Any fact or truth which is decisively attested or intuitively known as a psychological or philosophical datum; as, the deliverance of consciousness.

De*liv"er*er (?), n. 1. One who delivers or rescues; a preserver.

2. One who relates or communicates.

<! p. 387 !>

De*liv"er*ess (?), n. A female deliverer. [R.] Evelyn.

De*liv"er*ly, adv. Actively; quickly; nimbly. [Obs.]

> Swim with your bodies,
> And carry it sweetly and deliverly.

Beau. & Fl.

De*liv"er*ness, n. Nimbleness; agility. [Obs.]

De*liv"er*y, n.; pl. Deliveries (&?;). 1. The act of delivering from restraint; rescue; release; liberation; as, the delivery of a captive from his dungeon.

2. The act of delivering up or over; surrender; transfer of the body or substance of a thing; distribution; as, the delivery of a fort, of hostages, of a criminal, of goods, of letters.

3. The act or style of utterance; manner of speaking; as, a good delivery; a clear delivery.

4. The act of giving birth; parturition; the expulsion or extraction of a fetus and its membranes.

5. The act of exerting one's strength or limbs.

> Neater limbs and freer delivery.

Sir H. Wotton.

6. The act or manner of delivering a ball; as, the pitcher has a swift delivery.

Dell (?), n. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.] 1. A small, retired valley; a ravine.

> In dells and dales, concealed from human sight.

Tickell.

2. A young woman; a wench. [Obs.]

> Sweet doxies and dells.

B. Jonson.

||Del"la Crus"ca (?). A shortened form of Accademia della Crusca, an academy in Florence, Italy, founded in the 16th century, especially for conserving the purity of the Italian language.

The Accademia della Crusca (literally, academy of the bran or chaff) was so called in allusion to its chief object of bolting or purifying the national language.

Del`la*crus"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Accademia della Crusca in Florence.

The Dellacruscan School, a name given in satire to a class of affected English writers, most of whom lived in Florence, about a. d. 1785.

||De"loo (d"l), n. (Zoöl.) The duykerbok.

||De*loul" (d*ll"), n. [Prob. of Arabic or Bedouin origin.] (Zoöl.) A special breed of the dromedary used for rapid traveling; the swift camel; -- called also herire, and maharik.

Delph (?), n. Delftware.

> Five nothings in five plates of delph.

Swift.

Delph, n. (Hydraul. Engin.) The drain on the land side of a sea embankment. Knight.

Del"phi*an (?), a. Delphic.

Del"phic (?), a. [L. Delphicus, fr. Gr. Delfiko`s, fr. Delfoi`, L. Delphi, a town of Phocis, in Greece, now Kastri.] (Gr. Antiq.) 1. Of or relating to Delphi, or to the famous oracle of that place.

2. Ambiguous; mysterious. "If he is silent or delphic." New York Times.

{ Del"phin, Del"phine } (?), a. [See Dauphin.] Pertaining to the dauphin of France; as, the Delphin classics, an edition of the Latin classics, prepared in the reign of Louis XIV., for the use of the dauphin (in usum Delphini).

Del"phin, n. [L. delphinus a dolphin.] (Chem.) A fatty substance contained in the oil of the dolphin and the porpoise; -- called also phocenin.

Del"phine (?), a. [L. delphinus a dolphin, Gr. delfi`s, delfi`n.] Pertaining to the dolphin, a genus of fishes.

Del*phin"ic (?), a. [See Delphin, n.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the dolphin; phocenic.

Delphinic acid. (Chem.) See Valeric acid, under Valeric. [Obs.]

Del*phin"ic, a. [From NL. Delphinium, the name of the genus.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the larkspur; specifically, relating to the stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria).

Del"phi*nine (?; 104), n. [Cf. F. delphinine.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid extracted from the stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria), as a colorless amorphous powder.

Del"phi*noid (?), a. [L. delphinus a dolphin + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the dolphin.

||Del`phi*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The division of Cetacea which comprises the dolphins, porpoises, and related forms.

||Del*phi"nus (?), n. [L., a dolphin, fr. Gr. delfi`s, delfi`n.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of Cetacea, including the dolphin. See Dolphin, 1.

2. (Astron.) The Dolphin, a constellation near the equator and east of Aquila.

Del"ta (?), n.; pl. Deltas (#). [Gr. de`lta, the name of the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (the capital form of which is , Eng. D), from the Phœnician name of the corresponding letter. The Greeks called the alluvial deposit at the mouth of the Nile, from its shape, the Delta of the Nile.] A tract of land shaped like the letter delta (), especially when the land is alluvial and inclosed between two or more mouths of a river; as, the delta of the Ganges, of the Nile, or of the Mississippi.

Del`ta*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Delta + L. facere to make.] The formation of a delta or of deltas. [R.]

Del*ta"ic (?), a. Relating to, or like, a delta.

||Del*thy"ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de`lta the name of the letter + thy`ra door.] (Zoöl.) A name formerly given to certain Silurian brachiopod shells of the genus Spirifer.

Delthyris limestone (Geol.), one of the divisions of the Upper Silurian rocks in New York.

Del"tic (?), a. Deltaic.

||Del*tid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de`lta, the letter .] (Zoöl.) The triangular space under the beak of many brachiopod shells.

Del`to*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. de`lta, the letter + 'e`dra seat, base.] (Crystallog.) A solid bounded by twelve quadrilateral faces. It is a hemihedral form of the isometric system, allied to the tetrahedron.

Del"toid (?), a. [Gr. deltoeidh`s delta- shaped; de`lta the name of the letter + e'i^dos form: cf. F. deltoïde. See Delta.] Shaped like the Greek (delta); delta-shaped; triangular.

Deltoid leaf (Bot.), a leaf in the form of a triangle with the stem inserted at the middle of the base. -- Deltoid muscle (Anat.), a triangular muscle in the shoulder which serves to move the arm directly upward.

De*lud"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deluded; liable to be imposed on; gullible. Sir T. Browne.

De*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Deluding.] [L. deludere, delusum; de- + ludere to play, make sport of, mock. See Ludicrous.] 1. To lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment of; to beguile; to impose on; to dupe; to make a fool of.

> To delude the nation by an airy phantom.

Burke.

2. To frustrate or disappoint.

> It deludes thy search.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To mislead; deceive; beguile; cajole; cheat; dupe. See Deceive.

De*lud"er (?), n. One who deludes; a deceiver; an impostor.

Del"uge (?), n. [F. déluge, L. diluvium, fr. diluere wash away; di- = dis- + luere, equiv. to lavare to wash. See Lave, and cf. Diluvium.] 1. A washing away; an overflowing of the land by water; an inundation; a flood; specifically, The Deluge, the great flood in the days of Noah (Gen. vii.).

2. Fig.: Anything which overwhelms, or causes great destruction. "The deluge of summer." Lowell.

> A fiery deluge fed
> With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.

Milton.

> As I grub up some quaint old fragment of a [London] street, or a house, or a shop, or tomb or burial ground, which has still survived in the deluge.

F. Harrison.

> After me the deluge.
> (Aprés moi le déluge.)

Madame de Pompadour.

Del"uge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deluged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deluging.] 1. To overflow with water; to inundate; to overwhelm.

> The deluged earth would useless grow.

Blackmore.

2. To overwhelm, as with a deluge; to cover; to overspread; to overpower; to submerge; to destroy; as, the northern nations deluged the Roman empire with their armies; the land is deluged with woe.

> At length corruption, like a general flood . . .
> Shall deluge all.

Pope.

||De*lun"dung (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian carnivorous mammal (Prionodon gracilis), resembling the civets, but without scent pouches. It is handsomely spotted.

De*lu"sion (?) n. [L. delusio, fr. deludere. See Delude.] 1. The act of deluding; deception; a misleading of the mind. Pope.

2. The state of being deluded or misled.

3. That which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.

> And fondly mourned the dear delusion gone.

Prior.

Syn. -- Delusion, Illusion. These words both imply some deception practiced upon the mind. Delusion is deception from want of knowledge; illusion is deception from morbid imagination. An illusion is a false show, a mere cheat on the fancy or senses. It is, in other words, some idea or image presented to the bodily or mental vision which does not exist in reality. A delusion is a false judgment, usually affecting the real concerns of life. Or, in other words, it is an erroneous view of something which exists indeed, but has by no means the qualities or attributes ascribed to it. Thus we speak of the illusions of fancy, the illusions of hope, illusive prospects, illusive appearances, etc. In like manner, we speak of the delusions of stockjobbing, the delusions of honorable men, delusive appearances in trade, of being deluded by a seeming excellence.

"A fanatic, either religious or political, is the subject of strong delusions; while the term illusion is applied solely to the visions of an uncontrolled imagination, the chimerical ideas of one blinded by hope, passion, or credulity, or lastly, to spectral and other ocular deceptions, to which the word delusion is never applied." Whately.

De*lu"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to delusions; as, delusional monomania.

De*lu"sive (?), a. [See Delude.] Apt or fitted to delude; tending to mislead the mind; deceptive; beguiling; delusory; as, delusive arts; a delusive dream.

> Delusive and unsubstantial ideas.

Whewell.

-- De*lu"sive*ly, adv. -- De*lu"sive*ness, n.

De*lu"so*ry (?) a. Delusive; fallacious. Glanvill.

Delve (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Delving.] [AS. delfan to dig; akin to OS. bidelban to bury, D. delven to dig, MHG. telben, and possibly to E. dale. Cf. Delf a mine.] 1. To dig; to open (the ground) as with a spade.

> Delve of convenient depth your thrashing floor.

Dryden.

2. To dig into; to penetrate; to trace out; to fathom.

> I can not delve him to the root.

Shak.

Delve, v. i. To dig or labor with a spade, or as with a spade; to labor as a drudge.

> Delve may I not: I shame to beg.

Wyclif (Luke xvi. 3).

Delve, n. [See Delve, v. t., and cf. Delf a mine.] A place dug; a pit; a ditch; a den; a cave.

> Which to that shady delve him brought at last.

Spenser.

> The very tigers from their delves
> Look out.

Moore.

Delv"er (?), n. One who digs, as with a spade.

De*mag"net*ize (?), v. t. 1. To deprive of magnetic properties. See Magnetize.

> If the bar be rapidly magnetized and demagnetized.

Am. Cyc.

2. To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize.

-- De*mag`net*i*za"tion, n. -- De*mag"net*i`zer (#), n.

Dem"a*gog (?; 115), n. Demagogue.

{ Dem`a*gog"ic (?), Dem`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. dhmagwkiko`s: cf. F. démagogique.] Relating to, or like, a demagogue; factious.

Dem"a*gog*ism (?; 115), n. The practices of a demagogue.

Dem"a*gogue (?; 115), n. [Gr. dhmagwgo`s a popular leader; commonly in a bad sense, a leader of the mob; dh^mos the people + 'agwgo`s leading, fr. 'a`gein to lead; akin to E. act: cf. F. démagogue.] A leader of the rabble; one who attempts to control the multitude by specious or deceitful arts; an unprincipled and factious mob orator or political leader.

Dem"a*gog`y (?), n. [Cf. F. démagogie, Gr. dhmagwgi`a leadership of the people.] Demagogism.

De*main" (?), n. [See Demesne.] 1. Rule; management. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Law) See Demesne.

De*mand" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Demanding.] [F. demander, LL. demandare to demand, summon, send word, fr. L. demandare to give in charge, intrust; de- + mandare to commit to one's charge, commission, order, command. Cf. Mandate, Commend.] 1. To ask or call for with authority; to claim or seek from, as by authority or right; to claim, as something due; to call for urgently or peremptorily; as, to demand a debt; to demand obedience.

> This, in our foresaid holy father's name,
> Pope Innocent, I do demand of thee.

Shak.

2. To inquire authoritatively or earnestly; to ask, esp. in a peremptory manner; to question.

> I did demand what news from Shrewsbury.

Shak.

3. To require as necessary or useful; to be in urgent need of; hence, to call for; as, the case demands care.

4. (Law) To call into court; to summon. Burrill.

De*mand", v. i. To make a demand; to inquire.

> The soldiers likewise demanded of him, saying, And what shall we do?

Luke iii. 14.

De*mand", n. [F. demande, fr. demander. See Demand, v. t.] 1. The act of demanding; an asking with authority; a peremptory urging of a claim; a claiming or challenging as due; requisition; as, the demand of a creditor; a note payable on demand.

> The demand [is] by the word of the holy ones.

Dan. iv. 17.

> He that has confidence to turn his wishes into demands will be but a little way from thinking he ought to obtain them.

Locke.

2. Earnest inquiry; question; query. Shak.

3. A diligent seeking or search; manifested want; desire to possess; request; as, a demand for certain goods; a person's company is in great demand.

> In 1678 came forth a second edition [Pilgrim's Progress] with additions; and then the demand became immense.

Macaulay.

4. That which one demands or has a right to demand; thing claimed as due; claim; as, demands on an estate.

5. (Law) (a) The asking or seeking for what is due or claimed as due. (b) The right or title in virtue of which anything may be claimed; as, to hold a demand against a person. (c) A thing or amount claimed to be due.

In demand, in request; being much sought after. -- On demand, upon presentation and request of payment.

De*mand"a*ble (?), a. That may be demanded or claimed. "All sums demandable." Bacon.

De*mand"ant (?) n. [F. demandant, p. pr. of demander.] One who demands; the plaintiff in a real action; any plaintiff.

De*mand"er (?), n. One who demands.

De*mand"ress (?), n. A woman who demands.

De*man"toid (?), n. [G. demant diamond + -oid.] (Min.) A yellow-green, transparent variety of garnet found in the Urals. It is valued as a gem because of its brilliancy of luster, whence the name.

De*mar"cate (?), v. t. [See Demarcation.] To mark by bounds; to set the limits of; to separate; to discriminate. Wilkinson.

De`mar*ca"tion (?), n. [F. démarcation; pref. dé- (L. de) + marquer to mark, of German origin. See Mark.] The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit; separation; distinction.

> The speculative line of demarcation, where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable.

Burke.

De*march" (?), n. [F. démarche. See March, n.] March; walk; gait. [Obs.]

De*march (d"märk), n. [Gr. dh`marchos; dh^mos people + 'a`rchein to rule.] A chief or ruler of a deme or district in Greece.

De`mar*ka"tion, n. Same as Demarcation.

De`ma*te"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of material or physical qualities or characteristics.

> Dematerializing matter by stripping it of everything which . . . has distinguished matter.

Milman.

Deme (dm), n. [Gr. dh^mos.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A territorial subdivision of Attica (also of modern Greece), corresponding to a township. Jowett (Thucyd.).

2. (Biol.) An undifferentiated aggregate of cells or plastids.

De*mean" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demeaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demeaning.] [OF. demener to conduct, guide, manage, F. se démener to struggle; pref. dé- (L. de) + mener to lead, drive, carry on, conduct, fr. L. minare to drive animals by threatening cries, fr. minari to threaten. See Menace.] 1. To manage; to conduct; to treat.

> [Our] clergy have with violence demeaned the matter.

Milton.

2. To conduct; to behave; to comport; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

> They have demeaned themselves
> Like men born to renown by life or death.

Shak.

> They answered . . . that they should demean themselves according to their instructions.

Clarendon.

<! p. 388 !>

3. To debase; to lower; to degrade; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

> Her son would demean himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.

Thackeray.

This sense is probably due to a false etymology which regarded the word as connected with the adjective mean.

De*mean" (?), n. [OF. demene. See Demean, v. t.] 1. Management; treatment. [Obs.]

> Vile demean and usage bad.

Spenser.

2. Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor. [Obs.]

> With grave demean and solemn vanity.

West.

De*mean", n. [See Demesne.] 1. Demesne. [Obs.]

2. pl. Resources; means. [Obs.]

> You know
> How narrow our demeans are.

Massinger.

De*mean"ance (?), n. Demeanor. [Obs.] Skelton.

De*mean"or (?), n. [Written also demeanour.] [For demeanure, fr. demean. See Demean, v. t.] 1. Management; treatment; conduct. [Obs.]

> God commits the managing so great a trust . . . wholly to the demeanor of every grown man.

Milton.

2. Behavior; deportment; carriage; bearing; mien.

> His demeanor was singularly pleasing.

Macaulay.

> The men, as usual, liked her artless kindness and simple refined demeanor.

Thackeray.

De*mean"ure (?), n. Behavior. [Obs.] Spenser.

De"men*cy (?), n. [L. dementia, fr. demens mad. See Dement.] Dementia; loss of mental powers. See Insanity.

De*ment" (?), v. t. [L. dementare, fr. demens, -mentis, out of one's mind, mad; de + mens mind. See Mental, and cf. Dementate.] To deprive of reason; to make mad. [R.] Bale.

De*ment", a. [L. demens, - mentis.] Demented; dementate. [R.] J. H. Newman.

De*men"tate (?), a. [L. dementatus, p. p. See Dement, v. t.] Deprived of reason.

> Arise, thou dementate sinner!

Hammond.

De*men"tate (?) v. t. To deprive of reason; to dement. [R.] Burton.

De`men*ta"tion (?), n. The act of depriving of reason; madness. Whitlock.

De*ment"ed (?), a. [From Dement.] Insane; mad; of unsound mind. -- De*ment"ed*ness, n.

||De*men"ti*a (?), n. [L., fr. demens. See Dement.] Insanity; madness; esp. that form which consists in weakness or total loss of thought and reason; mental imbecility; idiocy.

De*meph"i*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demephitized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demephitizing.] [Cf. F. méphitiser to infect with mephitis.] To purify from mephitic or foul air. -- De*meph`i*ti*za"tion, n.

De*merge" (?), v. t. [L. demergere.] To plunge down into; to sink; to immerse. [Obs.]

> The water in which it was demerged.

Boyle.

De*mer"it (?), n. [F. démérite demerit (in sense 2), OF. demerite demerit (in sense 1), fr. L. demerere to deserve well, LL., to deserve well or ill; de- + merere to deserve. See De-, and Merit.] 1. That which one merits or deserves, either of good or ill; desert. [Obs.]

> By many benefits and demerits whereby they obliged their adherents, [they] acquired this reputation.

Holland.

2. That which deserves blame; ill desert; a fault; a vice; misconduct; -- the opposite of merit.

> They see no merit or demerit in any man or any action.

Burke.

> Secure, unless forfeited by any demerit or offense.

Sir W. Temple.

3. The state of one who deserves ill.

De*mer"it, v. t. [Cf. F. démériter to deserve ill. See Demerit, n.] 1. To deserve; -- said in reference to both praise and blame. [Obs.]

> If I have demerited any love or thanks.

Udall.

> Executed as a traitor . . . as he well demerited.

State Trials (1645).

2. To depreciate or cry down. [R.] Bp. Woolton.

De*mer"it, v. i. To deserve praise or blame.

De*merse" (?), v. t. [L. demersus, p. p. of demergere. See Merge.] To immerse. [Obs.] Boyle.

De*mersed" (?), a. (Bot.) Situated or growing under water, as leaves; submersed.

De*mer"sion (?) n. [L. demersio.] 1. The act of plunging into a fluid; a drowning.

2. The state of being overwhelmed in water, or as if in water. Ray.

De*mes"mer*ize (?), v. t. To relieve from mesmeric influence. See Mesmerize.

De*mesne" (?), n. [OE. demeine, demain, rule, demesne, OF. demeine, demaine, demeigne, domaine, power, F. domaine domain, fr. L. dominium property, right of ownership, fr. dominus master, proprietor, owner. See Dame, and cf. Demain, Domain, Danger, Dungeon.] (Law) A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use. [Written also demain.] Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

Ancient demesne. (Eng. Law) See under Ancient.

De*mesn"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a demesne; of the nature of a demesne.

Dem"i- (?). [F. demi-, fr. L. dimidius half; di- = dis- + medius middle. See Medium, and cf. Demy, Dimidiate.] A prefix, signifying half.

De*mi" (?), n. See Demy, n.

Dem"i*bas"tion (?; 106), n. [Cf. F. demi- bastion.] (Fort.) A half bastion, or that part of a bastion consisting of one face and one flank.

Dem"i*bri*gade" (?), n. [Cf. F. demi- brigade.] A half brigade.

Dem"i*ca`dence (?) n. (Mus.) An imperfect or half cadence, falling on the dominant instead of on the key note.

Dem"i*can"non (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from thirty to thirty-six pounds. Shak.

Dem"i*cir`cle (?), n. [Cf. F. demi- cercle.] An instrument for measuring angles, in surveying, etc. It resembles a protractor, but has an alidade, sights, and a compass.

Dem"i*cul"ver*in (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from nine to thirteen pounds.

Dem"i*de"i*fy (?) v. t. To deify in part. Cowper.

Dem"i*dev`il (?), n. A half devil. Shak.

Dem"i*god (?), n. A half god, or an inferior deity; a fabulous hero, the offspring of a deity and a mortal.

Dem"i*god`dess (?), n. A female demigod.

Dem"i*gorge` (?), n. [Cf. F. demi- gorge.] (Fort.) Half the gorge, or entrance into a bastion, taken from the angle of the flank to the center of the bastion.

Dem"i*grate (?), v. i. [L. demigrare, demigratum, to emigrate. See De-, and Migrate.] To emigrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Dem`i*gra"tion (?) n. [L. demigratio.] Emigration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dem"i*groat` (?), n. A half groat.

Dem"i-is`land (?), n. Peninsula. [Obs.] Knolles.

Dem"i*john (?), n. [F. dame- jeanne, i.e., Lady Jane, a corruption of Ar. damajna, damjna, prob. fr. Damaghan a town in the Persian province of Khorassan, once famous for its glass works.] A glass vessel or bottle with a large body and small neck, inclosed in wickerwork.

Dem"i*lance` (?), n. A light lance; a short spear; a half pike; also, a demilancer.

Dem"i*lan`cer (?), n. A soldier of light cavalry of the 16th century, who carried a demilance.

Dem"i*lune` (?), n. [F. demi- lune.] 1. (Fort.) A work constructed beyond the main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain between two bastions, intended to defend the curtain; a ravelin. See Ravelin.

2. (Physiol.) A crescentic mass of granular protoplasm present in the salivary glands.

Each crescent is made of polyhedral cells which under some circumstances are supposed to give rise to new salivary cells.

Dem"i*man` (?), n. A half man. [R.] Knolles.

Dem`i*monde" (?), n. [F.; demi + monde world, L. mundus.] Persons of doubtful reputation; esp., women who are kept as mistresses, though not public prostitutes; demireps.

Literary demimonde, writers of the lowest kind.

Dem"i*na"tured (?; 135), a. Having half the nature of another. [R.] Shak.

Dem"i*qua`ver (?), n. (Mus.) A note of half the length of the quaver; a semiquaver. [R.]

{ Dem`i*re*lief" (?), Dem`i*re*lie"vo (?), } n. Half relief. See Demi- rilievo.

Dem"i*rep` (?), n. [Contr. fr. demi- reputation.] A woman of doubtful reputation or suspected character; an adventuress. [Colloq.] De Quincey.

||Dem"i-ri*lie"vo (?), n. [Pref. demi- + It. rilievo.] (Fine Arts) (a) Half relief; sculpture in relief of which the figures project from the background by one half their full roundness. (b) A work of sculpture of the above character. See Alto-rilievo.

De*mis`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Law) The state of being demisable.

De*mis"a*ble (?), a. [From Demise.] (Law) Capable of being leased; as, a demisable estate.

De*mise" (?), n. [F. démettre, p. p. démis, démise, to put away, lay down; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + mettre to put, place, lay, fr. L. mittere to send. See Mission, and cf. Dismiss, Demit.] 1. Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor.

2. The decease of a royal or princely person; hence, also, the death of any illustrious person.

> After the demise of the Queen [of George II.], in 1737, they [drawing- rooms] were held but twice a week.

P. Cunningham.

3. (Law) The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter. Bouvier.

The demise of the crown is a transfer of the crown, royal authority, or kingdom, to a successor. Thus, when Edward IV. was driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster, this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a demise. Thus the natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a demise, as by that event the crown is transferred to a successor. Blackstone.

Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land, or something out of it.

Syn. -- Death; decease; departure. See Death.

De*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demising.] 1. To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance; to grant or bestow by will; to bequeath. "Power to demise my lands." Swift.

> What honor
> Canst thou demise to any child of mine?

Shak.

2. To convey; to give. [R.]

> His soul is at his conception demised to him.

Hammond.

3. (Law) To convey, as an estate, by lease; to lease.

Dem`i*sem"i*qua`ver (?), n. (Mus.) A short note, equal in time to the half of a semiquaver, or the thirty-second part of a whole note.

De*miss" (?), a. [L. demissus, p. p. of demittere.] Cast down; humble; submissive. [Obs.]

> He down descended like a most demiss
> And abject thrall.

Spenser.

De*mis"sion (?), n. [L. demissio, fr. demittere. See Demit.] 1. The act of demitting, or the state of being demitted; a letting down; a lowering; dejection. "Demission of mind." Hammond.

> Demission of sovereign authority.

L'Estrange.

2. Resignation of an office. [Scot.]

De*mis"sion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Pertaining to transfer or conveyance; as, a demissionary deed.

2. Tending to lower, depress, or degrade.

De*miss"ive (?), a. [See Demiss.] Downcast; submissive; humble. [R.]

> They pray with demissive eyelids.

Lord (1630).

De*miss"ly, adv. In a humble manner. [Obs.]

Dem"i*suit` (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A suit of light armor covering less than the whole body, as having no protection for the legs below the thighs, no vizor to the helmet, and the like.

De*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Demitting.] [L. demittere to send or bring down, to lower; de- + mittere to send. Cf. Demise.] 1. To let fall; to depress. [R.]

> They [peacocks] demit and let fall the same [i. e., their train].

Sir T. Browne.

2. To yield or submit; to humble; to lower; as, to demit one's self to humble duties. [R.]

3. To lay down, as an office; to resign. [Scot.]

> General Conway demitted his office.

Hume.

Dem"i*tint` (?), n. (Fine Arts) (a) That part of a painting, engraving, or the like, which is neither in full darkness nor full light. (b) The shade itself; neither the darkest nor the lightest in a composition. Also called half tint.

Dem"i*tone` (?), n. (Mus.) Semitone. [R.]

Dem"i*urge (?), n. [Gr. dhmioyrgo`s a worker for the people, a workman, especially the maker of the world, the Creator; dh`mios belonging to the people (fr. dh^mos the people) + 'e`rgon a work.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The chief magistrate in some of the Greek states.

2. God, as the Maker of the world.

3. According to the Gnostics, an agent or one employed by the Supreme Being to create the material universe and man.

Dem`i*ur"gic (?), a. [Gr. dhmioyrgiko`s.] Pertaining to a demiurge; formative; creative. "Demiurgic power." De Quincey.

Dem"i*vill` (?), n. (Old Law) A half vill, consisting of five freemen or frankpledges. Blackstone.

Dem"i*volt` (?), n. [Cf. F. demi- volte.] (Man.) A half vault; one of the seven artificial motions of a horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular manner.

Dem"i*wolf` (?), n. A half wolf; a mongrel dog, between a dog and a wolf. Shak.

De*mob`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. démobilisation. See Mobilization.] (Mil.) The disorganization or disarming of troops which have previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change from a war footing to a peace footing.

De*mob"i*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. démobiliser.] (Mil.) To disorganize, or disband and send home, as troops which have been mobilized.

De*moc"ra*cy (d*mk"r*s), n.; pl. Democracies (- sz). [F. démocratie, fr. Gr. dhmokrati`a; dh^mos the people + kratei^n to be strong, to rule, kra`tos strength.] 1. Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people.

2. Government by popular representation; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but is indirectly exercised through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed; a constitutional representative government; a republic.

3. Collectively, the people, regarded as the source of government. Milton.

4. The principles and policy of the Democratic party, so called. [U.S.]

Dem"o*crat (dm"*krt), n. [Cf. F. démocrate.] 1. One who is an adherent or advocate of democracy, or government by the people.

> Whatever they call him, what care I,
> Aristocrat, democrat, autocrat.

Tennyson.

2. A member of the Democratic party. [U.S.]

Dem`o*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. démocratique.] 1. Pertaining to democracy; favoring democracy, or constructed upon the principle of government by the people.

2. Relating to a political party so called.

3. Befitting the common people; -- opposed to aristocratic.

The Democratic party, the name of one of the chief political parties in the United States.

Dem`o*crat"ic*al (?), a. Democratic.

> The democratical embassy was democratically received.

Algernon Sidney.

Dem`o*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a democratic manner.

De*moc"ra*tism (?), n. The principles or spirit of a democracy. [R.]

De*moc"ra*tist (?), n. A democrat. [R.] Burke.

De*moc"ra*tize (?) v. t. To render democratic.

De*moc"ra*ty (?), n. Democracy. [Obs.] Milton.

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De`mo*gor"gon (d"m*gôr*gn or dm"*gôr*gn), n. [First mentioned by Lutatius, or Lactantius Placidus, the scholiast on Statius, perh. fr. Gr. dai`mwn god, deity + gorgo`s fierce, terrible] A mysterious, terrible, and evil divinity, regarded by some as the author of creation, by others as a great magician who was supposed to command the spirits of the lower world. See Gorgon.

> Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name
> Of Demogorgon.

Milton.

De*mog"ra*phy (d*mg"rf), n. [Gr. dh^mos the people + - graphy.] The study of races, as to births, marriages, mortality, health, etc. -- Dem`o*graph"ic, a.

||De`moi`selle" (?), n. [F. See Damsel.] 1. A young lady; a damsel; a lady's maid.

2. (Zoöl.) The Numidian crane (Anthropoides virgo); -- so called on account of the grace and symmetry of its form and movements.

3. (Zoöl.) A beautiful, small dragon fly of the genus Agrion.

De*mol"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demolished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demolishing.] [F. démolir, fr. L. demoliri, p. p. demolitus; de- + moliri to set a thing in motion, to work, construct, from moles a huge mass or structure. See Mole a mound, and Finish.] To throw or pull down; to raze; to destroy the fabric of; to pull to pieces; to ruin; as, to demolish an edifice, or a wall.

> I expected the fabric of my book would long since have been demolished, and laid even with the ground.

Tillotson.

Syn. -- To Demolish, Overturn, Destroy, Dismantle, Raze. That is overturned or overthrown which had stood upright; that is destroyed whose component parts are scattered; that is demolished which had formed a mass or structure; that is dismantled which is stripped of its covering, as a vessel of its sails, or a fortress of its bastions, etc.; that is razed which is brought down smooth, and level to the ground. An ancient pillar is overturned or overthrown as the result of decay; a city is destroyed by an invasion of its enemies; a monument, the walls of a castle, a church, or any structure, real or imaginary, may be demolished; a fortress may be dismantled from motives of prudence, in order to render it defenseless; a city may be razed by way of punishment, and its ruins become a memorial of vengeance.

De*mol"ish`er (?), n. One who, or that which, demolishes; as, a demolisher of towns.

De*mol"ish*ment (?), n. Demolition.

Dem`o*li"tion (?; 277), n. [L. demolitio, fr. demoliri: cf. F. démolition. See Demolish.] The act of overthrowing, pulling down, or destroying a pile or structure; destruction by violence; utter overthrow; -- opposed to construction; as, the demolition of a house, of military works, of a town, or of hopes.

Dem`o*li"tion*ist, n. A demolisher. [R.] Carlyle.

De"mon (?), n. [F. démon, L. daemon a spirit, an evil spirit, fr. Gr. &?; a divinity; of uncertain origin.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A spirit, or immaterial being, holding a middle place between men and deities in pagan mythology.

> The demon kind is of an intermediate nature between the divine and the human.

Sydenham.

2. One's genius; a tutelary spirit or internal voice; as, the demon of Socrates. [Often written dæmon.]

3. An evil spirit; a devil.

> That same demon that hath gulled thee thus.

Shak.

De"mon*ess (?), n. A female demon.

De*mon`e*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act of demonetizing, or the condition of being demonetized.

De*mon"e*tize (?; see Monetary), v. t. To deprive of current value; to withdraw from use, as money.

> They [gold mohurs] have been completely demonetized by the [East India] Company.

R. Cobden.

{ De*mo"ni*ac (?), Dem`o*ni"a*cal (?; 277), } a. [L. daemoniacus, fr. daemon; cf. F. démoniaque. See Demon.] 1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a demon or evil spirit; devilish; as, a demoniac being; demoniacal practices.

> Sarcastic, demoniacal laughter.

Thackeray.

2. Influenced or produced by a demon or evil spirit; as, demoniac or demoniacal power. "Demoniac frenzy." Milton.

De*mo"ni*ac (?), n. 1. A human being possessed by a demon or evil spirit; one whose faculties are directly controlled by a demon.

> The demoniac in the gospel was sometimes cast into the fire.

Bates.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Anabaptists who maintain that the demons or devils will finally be saved.

Dem`o*ni"a*cal*ly (?), adv. In a demoniacal manner.

Dem`o*ni"a*cism (?), n. The state of being demoniac, or the practices of demoniacs.

De*mo"ni*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a demon. [Obs.] Cudworth.

De*mo"ni*an (?), a. Relating to, or having the nature of, a demon. "Demonian spirits." Milton.

De*mo"ni*an*ism (?), n. The state of being possessed by a demon or by demons.

De*mo"ni*asm (?), n. See Demonianism. [R.]

De*mo"nic (?), a. [L. daemonicus, Gr. daimoniko`s.] Of or pertaining to a demon or to demons; demoniac. "Demonic ambushes." Lowell.

De"mon*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. démonisme.] The belief in demons or false gods.

> The established theology of the heathen world . . . rested upon the basis of demonism.

Farmer.

De"mon*ist, n. A believer in, or worshiper of, demons.

De"mon*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demonizing.] [Cf. LL. daemonizare to be possessed by a demon, Gr. &?;.] 1. To convert into a demon; to infuse the principles or fury of a demon into.

2. To control or possess by a demon.

De`mon*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. dai`mwn demon + kra`tos strength: cf. F. démonocratie.] The power or government of demons.

> A demonocracy of unclean spirits.

H. Taylor.

De`mon*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Demon + -graph + -er.] A demonologist. [R.] Am. Cyc.

De`mon*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. dai`mwn demon + latrei`a worship, &?; to serve, worship: cf. F. démonolâtrie.] The worship of demons.

De`mon*ol"o*ger (?), n. One versed in demonology. R. North.

{ De`mon*o*log"ic (?), De`mon*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. démonologique.] Of or pertaining to demonology.

De`mon*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who writes on, or is versed in, demonology.

De`mon*ol"o*gy (?; 277), n. [Demon + -logy: cf. F. démonologie.] A treatise on demons; a supposititious science which treats of demons and their manifestations. Sir W. Scott.

De`mon*om"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. dai`mwn demon + magei`a magic.] Magic in which the aid of demons is invoked; black or infernal magic. Bp. Hurd.

De*mon`o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Demon + mania.] A form of madness in which the patient conceives himself possessed of devils.

De*mon"o*mist (?) n. One in subjection to a demon, or to demons. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

De*mon"o*my (?), n. [Gr. dai`mwn demon + no`mos law.] The dominion of demons. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

De"mon*ry (?), n. Demoniacal influence or possession. J. Baillie.

De"mon*ship, n. The state of a demon. Mede.

De*mon`stra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrableness.

De*mon"stra*ble (?), a. [L. demonstrabilis: cf. OF. demonstrable, F. démontrable.] 1. Capable of being demonstrated; that can be proved beyond doubt or question.

> The grand articles of our belief are as demonstrable as geometry.

Glanvill.

2. Proved; apparent. [Obs.] Shak.

De*mon"stra*ble*ness, n. The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrability.

De*mon"stra*bly, adv. In a demonstrable manner; incontrovertibly; clearly.

> Cases that demonstrably concerned the public cause.

Clarendon.

De*mon"strance (?), n. [OF. demonstrance.] Demonstration; proof. [Obs.] Holland.

Dem"on*strate (?; 277), v. t. [L. demonstratus, p. p. of demonstrare to demonstrate; de- + monstrare to show. See Monster.] 1. To point out; to show; to exhibit; to make evident. Shak.

2. To show, or make evident, by reasoning or proof; to prove by deduction; to establish so as to exclude the possibility of doubt or denial.

> We can not demonstrate these things so as to show that the contrary often involves a contradiction.

Tillotson.

3. (Anat.) To exhibit and explain (a dissection or other anatomical preparation).

Dem"on*stra`ter, n. See Demonstrator.

Dem`on*stra"tion (?), n. [L. demonstratio: cf. F. démonstration.] 1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason.

> Those intervening ideas which serve to show the agreement of any two others are called "proofs;" and where agreement or disagreement is by this means plainly and clearly perceived, it is called demonstration.

Locke.

2. An expression, as of the feelings, by outward signs; a manifestation; a show.

> Did your letters pierce the queen to any demonstration of grief?

Shak.

> Loyal demonstrations toward the prince.

Prescott.

3. (Anat.) The exhibition and explanation of a dissection or other anatomical preparation.

4. (Mil.) a decisive exhibition of force, or a movement indicating an attack.

5. (Logic) The act of proving by the syllogistic process, or the proof itself.

6. (Math.) A course of reasoning showing that a certain result is a necessary consequence of assumed premises; -- these premises being definitions, axioms, and previously established propositions.

Direct, or Positive, demonstration (Logic & Math.), one in which the correct conclusion is the immediate sequence of reasoning from axiomatic or established premises; -- opposed to Indirect, or Negative, demonstration (called also reductio ad absurdum), in which the correct conclusion is an inference from the demonstration that any other hypothesis must be incorrect.

De*mon"stra*tive (?), a. [F. démonstratif, L. demonstrativus.] 1. Having the nature of demonstration; tending to demonstrate; making evident; exhibiting clearly or conclusively. "Demonstrative figures." Dryden.

> An argument necessary and demonstrative.

Hooker.

2. Expressing, or apt to express, much; displaying feeling or sentiment; as, her nature was demonstrative.

3. Consisting of eulogy or of invective. "Demonstrative eloquence." Blair.

Demonstrative pronoun (Gram.), a pronoun distinctly designating that to which it refers.

De*mon"stra*tive, n. (Gram.) A demonstrative pronoun; as, "this" and "that" are demonstratives.

De*mon"stra*tive*ly (?), adv. In a manner fitted to demonstrate; clearly; convincingly; forcibly.

De*mon"stra*tive*ness, n. The state or quality of being demonstrative.

Dem"on*stra`tor (?; 277), n. [L.: cf. F. démonstrateur.] 1. One who demonstrates; one who proves anything with certainty, or establishes it by indubitable evidence.

2. (Anat.) A teacher of practical anatomy.

De*mon"stra*to*ry (?), a. Tending to demonstrate; demonstrative. Johnson.

De*mor"age (?; 48), n. Demurrage. [Obs.] Pepys (1663).

De*mor`al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. démoralisation.] The act of corrupting or subverting morals. Especially: The act of corrupting or subverting discipline, courage, hope, etc., or the state of being corrupted or subverted in discipline, courage, etc.; as, the demoralization of an army or navy.

De*mor"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demoralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demoralizing.] [F. démoraliser; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + moraliser. See Moralize.] To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit or efficiency.

> The demoralizing example of profligate power and prosperous crime.

Walsh.

> The vices of the nobility had demoralized the army.

Bancroft.

Dem`os*then"ic (?), a. [L. Demosthenicus: cf. F. Démosthénique.] Pertaining to, or in the style of, Demosthenes, the Grecian orator.

De*mot"ic (?), a. [Gr. dhmotiko`s, fr. dh^mos the people: cf. F. démotique.] Of or pertaining to the people; popular; common.

Demotic alphabet or character, a form of writing used in Egypt after six or seven centuries before Christ, for books, deeds, and other such writings; a simplified form of the hieratic character; -- called also epistolographic character, and enchorial character. See Enchorial.

De*mount" (?), v. i. To dismount. [R.]

Demp"ne (?) v. t. To damn; to condemn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Demp"ster (?; 215), Dem"ster (?), } n. [See Deemster.] 1. A deemster.

2. (O. Scots Law) An officer whose duty it was to announce the doom or sentence pronounced by the court.

De*mulce" (?), v. t. [L. demulcere; de- + mulcere to stroke, soothe.] To soothe; to mollify; to pacify; to soften. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

De*mul"cent (?), a. [L. demulcens, p. pr. of demulcere.] Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; as, oil is demulcent.

De*mul"cent, n. (Med.) A substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting it from irritation. Gum Arabic, glycerin, olive oil, etc., are demulcents.

De*mul"sion (?), n. The act of soothing; that which soothes. Feltham.

De*mur" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Demurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demurring.] [OF. demurer, demorer, demourer, to linger, stay, F. demeurer, fr. L. demorari; de- + morari to delay, tarry, stay, mora delay; prob. originally, time for thinking, reflection, and akin to memor mindful. See Memory.] 1. To linger; to stay; to tarry. [Obs.]

> Yet durst not demur nor abide upon the camp.

Nicols.

2. To delay; to pause; to suspend proceedings or judgment in view of a doubt or difficulty; to hesitate; to put off the determination or conclusion of an affair.

> Upon this rub, the English embassadors thought fit to demur.

Hayward.

3. To scruple or object; to take exception; as, I demur to that statement.

4. (Law) To interpose a demurrer. See Demurrer, 2.

De*mur", v. t. 1. To suspend judgment concerning; to doubt of or hesitate about. [Obs.]

> The latter I demur, for in their looks
> Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears.

Milton.

2. To cause delay to; to put off. [Obs.]

> He demands a fee,
> And then demurs me with a vain delay.

Quarles.

De*mur", n. [OF. demor, demore, stay, delay. See Demur, v. i.] Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding; suspense of decision or action; scruple.

> All my demurs but double his attacks;
> At last he whispers, "Do; and we go snacks."

Pope.

De*mure" (?), a. [Perh. from OF. de murs (i. e., de bonnes murs of good manners); de of + murs, mours, meurs, mors, F. m&?;urs, fr. L. mores (sing. mos) manners, morals (see Moral); or more prob. fr. OF. meür, F. mûr mature, ripe (see Mature) in a phrase preceded by de, as de mûre conduite of mature conduct.] 1. Of sober or serious mien; composed and decorous in bearing; of modest look; staid; grave.

> Sober, steadfast, and demure.

Milton.

> Nan was very much delighted in her demure way, and that delight showed itself in her face and in her clear bright eyes.

W. Black.

2. Affectedly modest, decorous, or serious; making a show of gravity.

> A cat lay, and looked so demure, as if there had been neither life nor soul in her.

L'Estrange.

> Miss Lizzy, I have no doubt, would be as demure and coquettish, as if ten winters more had gone over her head.

Miss Mitford.

De*mure", v. i. To look demurely. [Obs.] Shak.

De*mure"ly, adv. In a demure manner; soberly; gravely; -- now, commonly, with a mere show of gravity or modesty.

> They . . . looked as demurely as they could; for 't was a hanging matter to laugh unseasonably.

Dryden.

<! p. 390 !>

De*mure"ness (d*mr"ns), n. The state of being demure; gravity; the show of gravity or modesty.

De*mur"i*ty (d*mr"*t), n. Demureness; also, one who is demure. Sir T. Browne.

De*mur"ra*ble (d*mûr"r*b'l), a. That may be demurred to. Stormonth.

De*mur"rage (?), n. [Cf. OF. demorage delay. See Demur.] (Law) (a) The detention of a vessel by the freighter beyond the time allowed in her charter party for loading, unloading, or sailing. (b) The allowance made to the master or owner of the ship for such delay or detention.

> The claim for demurrage ceases as soon as the ship is cleared out and ready for sailing.

M‘Culloch.

The term is also applied to similar delays and allowances in land carriage, by wagons, railroads, etc.

De*mur"ral (?), n. Demur; delay in acting or deciding.

> The same causes of demurral existed which prevented British troops from assisting in the expulsion of the French from Rome.

Southey.

De*mur"rer (?), n. 1. One who demurs.

2. (Law) A stop or pause by a party to an action, for the judgment of the court on the question, whether, assuming the truth of the matter alleged by the opposite party, it is sufficient in law to sustain the action or defense, and hence whether the party resting is bound to answer or proceed further.

Demurrer to evidence, an exception taken by a party to the evidence offered by the opposite party, and an objecting to proceed further, on the allegation that such evidence is not sufficient in law to maintain the issue, and a reference to the court to determine the point. Bouvier.

De*my" (?), n.; pl. Demies (#). [See Demi-.] 1. A printing and a writing paper of particular sizes. See under Paper.

2. A half fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford. [Written also demi.]

> He was elected into Magdalen College as a demy; a term by which that society denominates those elsewhere called "scholars," young men who partake of the founder's benefaction, and succeed in their order to vacant fellowships.

Johnson.

De*my", a. Pertaining to, or made of, the size of paper called demy; as, a demy book.

Den (?), n. [AS. denn; perh. akin to G. tenne floor, thrashing floor, and to AS. denu valley.] 1. A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; esp., a cave used by a wild beast for shelter or concealment; as, a lion's den; a den of robbers.

2. A squalid place of resort; a wretched dwelling place; a haunt; as, a den of vice. "Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of great capitals." Addison.

3. Any snug or close retreat where one goes to be alone. [Colloq.]

4. [AS. denu.] A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Shak.

Den, v. i. To live in, or as in, a den.

> The sluggish salvages that den below.

G. Fletcher.

De*nar"co*tize (?), v. t. To deprive of narcotine; as, to denarcotize opium. -- De*nar`co*ti*za"tion (#), n.

||De*na"ri*us (?), n.; pl. Denarii (#). [L. See 2d Denier.] A Roman silver coin of the value of about fourteen cents; the "penny" of the New Testament; -- so called from being worth originally ten of the pieces called as.

Den"a*ry (?), a. [L. denarius. See 2d Denier.] Containing ten; tenfold; proceeding by tens; as, the denary, or decimal, scale.

Den"a*ry, n. 1. The number ten; a division into ten.

2. A coin; the Anglicized form of denarius. Udall.

De*na`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dénationalisation.] The act or process of denationalizing.

De*na"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denationalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Denationalizing.] [Cf. F. dénationaliser.] To divest or deprive of national character or rights.

> Bonaparte's decree denationalizes, as he calls it, all ships that have touched at a British port.

Cobbett.

> An expatriated, denationalized race.

G. Eliot.

De*nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denaturalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Denaturalizing.] [Cf. F. dénaturaliser.] 1. To render unnatural; to alienate from nature.

2. To renounce the natural rights and duties of; to deprive of citizenship; to denationalize. [R.]

> They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of denaturalizing themselves, or, in other words, of publicly renouncing their allegiance to their sovereign, and of enlisting under the banners of his enemy.

Prescott.

De*nay" (?), v. t. [See Deny.] To deny. [Obs.]

> That with great rage he stoutly doth denay.

Spenser.

De*nay", n. Denial; refusal. [Obs.] Shak.

Den"dra*chate (?), n. [L. dendrachates; Gr. de`ndron a tree + &?; agate: cf. F. dendrachate, dendragate.] (Min.) Arborescent or dendritic agate.

Den"dri*form (?), a. [Gr. de`ndron tree + -form.] Resembling in structure a tree or shrub.

Den"drite (?), n. [Gr. dendri`ths, fem. dendri^tis, of a tree, fr. de`ndron a tree: cf. F. dendrite.] (Min.) A stone or mineral on or in which are branching figures resembling shrubs or trees, produced by a foreign mineral, usually an oxide of manganese, as in the moss agate; also, a crystallized mineral having an arborescent form, e. g., gold or silver; an arborization.

{ Den*drit"ic (?), Den*drit"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to a dendrite, or to arborescent crystallization; having a form resembling a shrub or tree; arborescent.

||Den`dro*cœ"la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ndron tree + koi^los hollow.] (Zoöl.) A division of the Turbellaria in which the digestive cavity gives off lateral branches, which are often divided into smaller branchlets.

{ Den"droid (?), Den*droid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; treelike; de`ndron tree + &?; form: cf. F. dendroïde.] Resembling a shrub or tree in form; treelike.

Den"dro*lite (?), n. [Gr. de`ndron tree + -lite: cf. F. dendrolithe.] (Paleon.) A petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.

Den*drol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in the natural history of trees.

Den*drol"o*gous (?), a. Relating to dendrology.

Den*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. de`ndron tree + -logy: cf. F. dendrologie.] A discourse or treatise on trees; the natural history of trees.

Den*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. de`ndron tree + -meter: cf. F. dendromètre.] An instrument to measure the height and diameter of trees.

Den"e*gate (?), v. t. [L. denegatus, p. p. of denegare. See Deny.] To deny. [Obs.]

Den`e*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dénégation.] Denial. [Obs.]

Den"gue (d"g), n. [See Note, below.] (Med.) A specific epidemic disease attended with high fever, cutaneous eruption, and severe pains in the head and limbs, resembling those of rheumatism; -- called also breakbone fever. It occurs in India, Egypt, the West Indies, etc., is of short duration, and rarely fatal.

This disease, when it first appeared in the British West India Islands, was called the dandy fever, from the stiffness and constraint which it grave to the limbs and body. The Spaniards of the neighboring islands mistook the term for their word dengue, denoting prudery, which might also well express stiffness, and hence the term dengue became, as last, the name of the disease. Tully.

De*ni"a*ble (?), a. [See Deny.] Capable of being, or liable to be, denied.

De*ni"al (?), n. [See Deny.] 1. The act of gainsaying, refusing, or disowning; negation; -- the contrary of affirmation.

> You ought to converse with so much sincerity that your bare affirmation or denial may be sufficient.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A refusal to admit the truth of a statement, charge, imputation, etc.; assertion of the untruth of a thing stated or maintained; a contradiction.

3. A refusal to grant; rejection of a request.

> The commissioners, . . . to obtain from the king's subjects as much as they would willingly give, . . . had not to complain of many peremptory denials.

Hallam.

4. A refusal to acknowledge; disclaimer of connection with; disavowal; -- the contrary of confession; as, the denial of a fault charged on one; a denial of God.

Denial of one's self, a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities; self- denial.

De*ni"ance (?), n. Denial. [Obs.] E. Hall.

De*ni"er (?), n. One who denies; as, a denier of a fact, or of the faith, or of Christ.

||De*nier" (?), n. [F. denier, fr. L. denarius a Roman silver coin orig. equiv. to ten asses, later, a copper, fr. deni ten by ten, fr. the root of decem ten; akin to E. ten. See Ten, and cf. Denary, Dinar.] A small copper coin of insignificant value.

> My dukedom to a beggarly denier.

Shak.

Den"i*grate (?), v. t. [L. denigrare; de- + nigrare to blacken, niger black.] 1. To blacken thoroughly; to make very black. Boyle.

2. Fig.: To blacken or sully; to defame. [R.]

> To denigrate the memory of Voltaire.

Morley.

Den`i*gra"tion (?), n. [L. denigratio.] 1. The act of making black. Boyle.

2. Fig.: A blackening; defamation.

> The vigorous denigration of science.

Morley.

Den"i*gra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, blackens.

Den"im (dn"m), n. [Of uncertain origin.] A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc.

Den`i*tra"tion (?), n. [Pref. de- + nitrate.] A disengaging, or removal, of nitric acid.

De*ni`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of freeing from nitrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of nitrogen.

De*ni"tri*fy (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + nitrogen + -fy.] To deprive of, or free from, nitrogen.

Den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making one a denizen or adopted citizen; naturalization. Hallam.

De*nize" (d*nz"), v. t. To make a denizen; to confer the rights of citizenship upon; to naturalize. [Obs.]

> There was a private act made for denizing the children of Richard Hills.

Strype.

Den"i*zen (dn"*z'n), n. [OF. denzein, deinzein, prop., one living (a city or country); opposed to forain foreign, and fr. denz within, F. dans, fr. L. de intus, prop., from within, intus being from in in. See In, and cf. Foreign.] 1. A dweller; an inhabitant. "Denizens of air." Pope.

> Denizens of their own free, independent state.

Sir W. Scott.

2. One who is admitted by favor to all or a part of the rights of citizenship, where he did not possess them by birth; an adopted or naturalized citizen.

3. One admitted to residence in a foreign country.

> Ye gods,
> Natives, or denizens, of blest abodes.

Dryden.

Den"i*zen, v. t. 1. To constitute (one) a denizen; to admit to residence, with certain rights and privileges.

> As soon as denizened, they domineer.

Dryden.

2. To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants.

> There [islets] were at once denizened by various weeds.

J. D. Hooker.

Den`i*zen*a"tion (?), n. Denization; denizening. Abbott.

Den"i*zen*ize (?), v. t. To constitute (one) a denizen; to denizen. Abbott.

Den"i*zen*ship, n. State of being a denizen.

Den"mark sat"in (?). See under Satin.

Den"net (?), n. A light, open, two-wheeled carriage for one horse; a kind of gig. ("The term and vehicle common about 1825." Latham.)

De*nom"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being denominated or named. Sir T. Browne.

De*nom"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denominated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Denominating (?).] [L. denominatus, p. p. of denominare to name; de- + nominare to call by name. See Nominate.] To give a name to; to characterize by an epithet; to entitle; to name; to designate.

> Passions commonly denominating selfish.

Hume.

De*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. denominatus, p. p.] Having a specific name or denomination; specified in the concrete as opposed to abstract; thus, 7 feet is a denominate quantity, while 7 is mere abstract quantity or number. See Compound number, under Compound.

De*nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. denominatio metonymy: cf. F. dénomination a naming.] 1. The act of naming or designating.

2. That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a class of like individuals; a category; as, the denomination of units, or of thousands, or of fourths, or of shillings, or of tons.

> Those [qualities] which are classed under the denomination of sublime.

Burke.

3. A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a sect; as, a denomination of Christians.

Syn. -- Name; appellation; title. See Name.

De*nom`i*na"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to a denomination, especially to a sect or society. "Denominational differences." Buckle.

De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. A denominational or class spirit or policy; devotion to the interests of a sect or denomination.

De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ist, n. One imbued with a denominational spirit. The Century.

De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ly, adv. In a denominational manner; by denomination or sect.

De*nom`i*na"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dénominatif.] 1. Conferring a denomination or name.

2. (Logic) Connotative; as, a denominative name.

3. Possessing, or capable of possessing, a distinct denomination or designation; denominable.

> The least denominative part of time is a minute.

Cocker.

4. (Gram.) Derived from a substantive or an adjective; as, a denominative verb.

De*nom`i*na"tive, n. A denominative name or term; denominative verb. Jer. Taylor. Harkness.

De*nom`i*na"tive*ly, adv. By denomination.

De*nom"i*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. dénominateur.] 1. One who, or that which, gives a name; origin or source of a name.

> This opinion that Aram . . . was the father and denomination of the Syrians in general.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. (Arith.) That number placed below the line in vulgar fractions which shows into how many parts the integer or unit is divided.

Thus, in , 5 is the denominator, showing that the integer is divided into five parts; and the numerator, 3, shows how many parts are taken.

3. (Alg.) That part of any expression under a fractional form which is situated below the horizontal line signifying division.

In this sense, the denominator is not necessarily a number, but may be any expression, either positive or negative, real or imaginary. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )

De*not"a*ble (?), a. [From Denote.] Capable of being denoted or marked. Sir T. Browne.

De*no"tate (?), v. t. [L. denotatus, p. p. of denotare.] To mark off; to denote. [Archaic]

> These terms denotate a longer time.

Burton.

> What things should be denotated and signified by the color.

Urquhart.

De`no*ta"tion (?), n. [L. denotatio: cf. F. dénotation.] The marking off or separation of anything. Hammond.

De*not"a*tive (?), a. Having power to denote; designating or marking off.

> Proper names are preëminently denotative; telling us that such as object has such a term to denote it, but telling us nothing as to any single attribute.

Latham.

De*note" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Denoting.] [L. denotare; de- + notare to mark, nota mark, sign, note: cf. F. dénoter. See Note.] 1. To mark out plainly; to signify by a visible sign; to serve as the sign or name of; to indicate; to point out; as, the hands of the clock denote the hour.

> The better to denote her to the doctor.

Shak.

2. To be the sign of; to betoken; to signify; to mean.

> A general expression to denote wickedness of every sort.

Gilpin.

De*note"ment (?), n. Sign; indication. [R.]

A word found in some editions of Shakespeare.

De*not"ive (?), a. Serving to denote.

||Dé`noue`ment" (?), n. [F. dénouement, fr. dénouer to untie; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + nouer to tie, fr. L. nodus knot, perh. for gnodus and akin to E. knot.] 1. The unraveling or discovery of a plot; the catastrophe, especially of a drama or a romance.

2. The solution of a mystery; issue; outcome.

<! p. 391 !>

De*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Denouncing.] [F. dénoncer, OF. denoncier, fr. L. denuntiare, denunciare; de- + nunciare, nuntiare, to announce, report, nuntius a messenger, message. See Nuncio, and cf. Denunciate.] 1. To make known in a solemn or official manner; to declare; to proclaim (especially an evil). [Obs.]

> Denouncing wrath to come.

Milton.

> I denounce unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish.

Deut. xxx. 18.

2. To proclaim in a threatening manner; to threaten by some outward sign or expression.

> His look denounced desperate.

Milton.

3. To point out as deserving of reprehension or punishment, etc.; to accuse in a threatening manner; to invoke censure upon; to stigmatize.

> Denounced for a heretic.

Sir T. More.

> To denounce the immoralities of Julius Cæsar.

Brougham.

De*nounce"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. denoncement.] Solemn, official, or menacing announcement; denunciation. [Archaic]

> False is the reply of Cain, upon the denouncement of his curse.

Sir T. Browne.

De*noun"cer (?) n. One who denounces, or declares, as a menace.

> Here comes the sad denouncer of my fate.

Dryden.

Dense (?), a. [L. densus; akin to Gr. &?; thick with hair or leaves: cf. F. dense.] 1. Having the constituent parts massed or crowded together; close; compact; thick; containing much matter in a small space; heavy; opaque; as, a dense crowd; a dense forest; a dense fog.

> All sorts of bodies, firm and fluid, dense and rare.

Ray.

> To replace the cloudy barrier dense.

Cowper.

2. Stupid; gross; crass; as, dense ignorance.

Dense"ly, adv. In a dense, compact manner.

Dense"ness, n. The quality of being dense; density.

Den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [L. densus dense + -meter: cf. F. densimètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity or density of a substance.

Den"si*ty (dn"s*t), n. [L. densitas; cf. F. densité.] 1. The quality of being dense, close, or thick; compactness; -- opposed to rarity.

2. (Physics) The ratio of mass, or quantity of matter, to bulk or volume, esp. as compared with the mass and volume of a portion of some substance used as a standard.

For gases the standard substance is hydrogen, at a temperature of 0° Centigrade and a pressure of 760 millimeters. For liquids and solids the standard is water at a temperature of 4° Centigrade. The density of solids and liquids is usually called specific gravity, and the same is true of gases when referred to air as a standard.

3. (Photog.) Depth of shade. Abney.

Dent (dnt), n. [A variant of Dint.] 1. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.] "That dent of thunder." Chaucer.

2. A slight depression, or small notch or hollow, made by a blow or by pressure; an indentation.

> A blow that would have made a dent in a pound of butter.

De Quincey.

Dent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dented; p. pr. & vb. n. Denting.] To make a dent upon; to indent.

> The houses dented with bullets.

Macaulay.

Dent, n. [F., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth.] (Mach.) A tooth, as of a card, a gear wheel, etc. Knight.

Den"tal (dn"tal), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. dental. See Tooth.] 1. Of or pertaining to the teeth or to dentistry; as, dental surgery.

2. (Phon.) Formed by the aid of the teeth; -- said of certain articulations and the letters representing them; as, d and t are dental letters.

Dental formula (Zoöl.), a brief notation used by zoölogists to denote the number and kind of teeth of a mammal. -- Dental surgeon, a dentist.

Den"tal, n. [Cf. F. dentale. See Dental, a.] 1. An articulation or letter formed by the aid of the teeth.

2. (Zoöl.) A marine mollusk of the genus Dentalium, with a curved conical shell resembling a tooth. See Dentalium.

Den"tal*ism (-z'm), n. The quality of being formed by the aid of the teeth.

||Den*ta"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.) A genus of marine mollusks belonging to the Scaphopoda, having a tubular conical shell.

Den"ta*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or bearing, teeth. -- n. The distal bone of the lower jaw in many animals, which may or may not bear teeth.

{ Den"tate (dn"tt), Den"ta*ted (- t*td), } a. [L. dentatus, fr. dens, dentis, tooth.] 1. (Bot.) Toothed; especially, with the teeth projecting straight out, not pointed either forward or backward; as, a dentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) Having teeth or toothlike points. See Illust. of Antennæ.

Den"tate-cil"i*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Having the margin dentate and also ciliate or fringed with hairs.

Den"tate*ly (?), adv. In a dentate or toothed manner; as, dentately ciliated, etc.

Den"tate-sin"u*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Having a form intermediate between dentate and sinuate.

Den*ta"tion (?), n. Formation of teeth; toothed form. [R.]

> How did it [a bill] get its barb, its dentation?

Paley.

Dent"ed (?), a. [From Dent, v. t.] Indented; impressed with little hollows.

Dent"el (?), n. Same as Dentil.

||Den*telle" (?), n. [F.] (Bookbinding) An ornamental tooling like lace. Knight.

||Den*tel"li (?), n. pl. [It., sing. dentello, prop., little tooth, dim. of dente tooth, L. dens, dentis. Cf. Dentil.] Modillions. Spectator.

||Den"tex (?), n. [NL., cf. L. dentix a sort of sea fish.] (Zoöl.) An edible European marine fish (Sparus dentex, or Dentex vulgaris) of the family Percidæ.

||Den`ti*ce"te (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth + cetus, pl. cete, whale, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) The division of Cetacea in which the teeth are developed, including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.

Den"ti*cle (?), n. [L. denticulus a little tooth, dim. of dens, dentis, tooth. See Dental, and cf. Dentelli.] A small tooth or projecting point.

{ Den*tic"u*late (?), Den*tic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [L. denticulatus, fr. denticulus. See Denticle.] Furnished with denticles; notched into little toothlike projections; as, a denticulate leaf of calyx. -- Den*tic"u*late*ly (#), adv.

Den*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. 1. The state of being set with small notches or teeth. Grew.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) A diminutive tooth; a denticle.

Den*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -ferous.] Bearing teeth; dentigerous.

Den"ti*form (?), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -form: cf. F. dentiforme.] Having the form of a tooth or of teeth; tooth-shaped.

Den"ti*frice (?), n. [L. dentifricium; dens, dentis, tooth + fricare to rub: cf. F. dentifrice. See Tooth, and Friction.] A powder or other substance to be used in cleaning the teeth; tooth powder.

Den*tig"er*ous (?), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -gerous.] Bearing teeth or toothlike structures.

Den"til (?), n. [LL. dentillus, for L. denticulus. Cf. Dentelli, Denticle, Dentile.] (Arch.) A small square block or projection in cornices, a number of which are ranged in an ornamental band; -- used particularly in the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders.

Den`ti*la"bi*al (?), a. Formed by the teeth and the lips, or representing a sound so formed. -- n. A dentilabial sound or letter.

Den"ti*la`ted (?), a. Toothed.

Den`ti*la"tion (?), n. Dentition.

Den"ti*lave (?), n. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + lavare to wash.] A wash for cleaning the teeth.

Den"tile (?), n. [LL. dentillus, for L. denticulus. See Dentil.] (Zoöl.) A small tooth, like that of a saw.

Den`ti*lin"gual (?), a. [L. dens tooth + E. lingual.] Produced by applying the tongue to the teeth or to the gums; or representing a sound so formed. -- n. A dentilingual sound or letter.

> The letters of this fourth, dentilingual or linguidental, class, viz., d, t, s, z, l, r.

Am. Cyc.

Den*til"o*quist (?), n. One who speaks through the teeth, that is, with the teeth closed.

Den*til"o*quy (?), n. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + loqui to speak.] The habit or practice of speaking through the teeth, or with them closed.

Den"ti*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to dentine.

Den"tine (-tn), n. [Cf. F. dentine.] (Anat.) The dense calcified substance of which teeth are largely composed. It contains less animal matter than bone, and in the teeth of man is situated beneath the enamel.

Den"ti*phone (dn"t*fn), n. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + Gr. fwnh` sound.] An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the auditory nerve; an audiphone. Knight.

||Den`ti*ros"ter (?), n.; pl. Dentirostres (#). [NL., fr. L. dens, dentis, tooth + rostrum bill, beak: cf. F. dentirostre.] (Zoöl.) A dentirostral bird.

Den`ti*ros"tral (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a toothed bill; -- applied to a group of passerine birds, having the bill notched, and feeding chiefly on insects, as the shrikes and vireos. See Illust. (N) under Beak.

Den`ti*ros"trate (?), a. Dentirostral.

Den"ti*scalp (?), n. [L. dens tooth + scalpere to scrape.] An instrument for scraping the teeth.

Den"tist (?), n. [From L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. dentiste. See Tooth.] One whose business it is to clean, extract, or repair natural teeth, and to make and insert artificial ones; a dental surgeon.

{ Den*tis"tic (?), Den*tis"ti*cal (?), } a. Pertaining to dentistry or to dentists. [R.]

Den"tist*ry (?), n. The art or profession of a dentist; dental surgery.

Den*ti"tion (?), n. [L. dentitio, fr. dentire to cut teeth, fr. dens, dentis, tooth. See Dentist.] 1. The development and cutting of teeth; teething.

2. (Zoöl.) The system of teeth peculiar to an animal.

Den"tize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dentized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dentizing.] [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] To breed or cut new teeth. [R.]

> The old countess . . . did dentize twice or thrice.

Bacon.

Den"toid (?), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth + -oid.] Shaped like a tooth; tooth- shaped.

Den`to*lin"gual (?), a. Dentilingual.

Den"ture (?; 135), n. [L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. denture, OF. denteure.] (Dentistry) An artificial tooth, block, or set of teeth.

De*nud"ate (?), v. t. [L. denudatus, p. p. of denudare. See Denude.] To denude. [Obs. or R.]

Den`u*da"tion (?; 277), n. [L. denudatio: cf. F. dénudation.] 1. The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a making bare.

2. (Geol.) The laying bare of rocks by the washing away of the overlying earth, etc.; or the excavation and removal of them by the action of running water.

De*nude" (?), v. t. [L. denudare; de- + nudare to make naked or bare, nudus naked. See Nude.] To divest of all covering; to make bare or naked; to strip; to divest; as, to denude one of clothing, or lands.

De*nun"ci*ate (?), v. t. [L. denuntiatus, denunciatus, p. p. of denuntiare, -ciare. See Denounce.] To denounce; to condemn publicly or solemnly. [R.]

> To denunciate this new work.

Burke.

De*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L. denuntiatio, -ciatio.] 1. Proclamation; announcement; a publishing. [Obs.]

> Public . . . denunciation of banns before marriage.

Bp. Hall.

2. The act of denouncing; public menace or accusation; the act of inveighing against, stigmatizing, or publicly arraigning; arraignment.

3. That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace or accusation; arraignment.

> Uttering bold denunciations of ecclesiastical error.

Motley.

De*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. denuntiativus, -ciativus, monitory.] Same as Denunciatory. Farrar.

De*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L. denuntiator, -ciator, a police officer.] One who denounces, publishes, or proclaims, especially intended or coming evil; one who threatens or accuses.

De*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Characterized by or containing a denunciation; minatory; accusing; threatening; as, severe and denunciatory language.

De`nu*tri"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The opposition of nutrition; the failure of nutrition causing the breaking down of tissue.

De*ny" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Denied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Denying.] [OE. denien, denaien, OF. denier, deneer, F. dénier, fr. L. denegare; de- + negare to say no, deny. See Negation.] 1. To declare not to be true; to gainsay; to contradict; -- opposed to affirm, allow, or admit.

We deny what another says, or we deny the truth of an assertion, the force of it, or the assertion itself.

2. To refuse (to do something or to accept something); to reject; to decline; to renounce. [Obs.] "If you deny to dance." Shak.

3. To refuse to grant; to withhold; to refuse to gratify or yield to; as, to deny a request.

> Who finds not Providence all good and wise,
> Alike in what it gives, and what denies?

Pope.

> To some men, it is more agreeable to deny a vicious inclination, than to gratify it.

J. Edwards.

4. To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, and the like; to refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow.

> The falsehood of denying his opinion.

Bancroft.

> Thou thrice denied, yet thrice beloved.

Keble.

To deny one's self, to decline the gratification of appetites or desires; to practice self- denial.

> Let him deny himself, and take up his cross.

Matt. xvi. 24.

De*ny", v. i. To answer in &?;&?;&?; negative; to declare an assertion not to be true.

> Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid.

Gen. xviii. 15.

De*ny"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of one denies a request. Tennyson.

De`ob*struct" (?), v. t. To remove obstructions or impediments in; to clear from anything that hinders the passage of fluids; as, to deobstruct the pores or lacteals. Arbuthnot.

De*ob"stru*ent (?), a. (Med.) Removing obstructions; having power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and secretions of the body; aperient. -- n. (Med.) A medicine which removes obstructions; an aperient.

De"o*dand` (?), n. [LL. deodandum, fr. L. Deo dandum to be given to God.] (Old Eng. Law) A personal chattel which had caused the death of a person, and for that reason was given to God, that is, forfeited to the crown, to be applied to pious uses, and distributed in alms by the high almoner. Thus, if a cart ran over a man and killed him, it was forfeited as a deodand.

Deodands are unknown in American law, and in 1846 were abolished in England.

De`o*dar" (?), n. [Native name, fr. Skr. dvadru, prop., timber of the gods.] (Bot.) A kind of cedar (Cedrus Deodara), growing in India, highly valued for its size and beauty as well as for its timber, and also grown in England as an ornamental tree.

De"o*date` (?), n. [L. Deo to God (Deus God) + datum thing given.] A gift or offering to God. [Obs.]

> Wherein that blessed widow's deodate was laid up.

Hooker.

De*o"dor*ant (?), n. A deodorizer.

De*o`dor*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of depriving of odor, especially of offensive odors resulting from impurities.

De*o"dor*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of odor, especially of such as results from impurities.

De*o"dor*i`zer (?), n. He who, or that which, deodorizes; esp., an agent that destroys offensive odors.

De*on"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. deoneratus, p. p. of deonerare. See Onerate.] To unload; to disburden. [Obs.] Cockeram.

De*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to deontology.

De`on*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in deontology.

De`on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; gen. &?;, necessity, obligation (p. neut. of &?; it is necessary) + - logy.] The science which relates to duty or moral obligation. J. Bentham.

De`o*per"cu*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having the lid removed; -- said of the capsules of mosses.

De*op"pi*late (?), v. t. To free from obstructions; to clear a passage through. [Obs.] Boyle.

De*op`pi*la"tion (?), n. Removal of whatever stops up the passages. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

<! p. 392 !>

De*op"pi*la*tive (?), a. & n. (Med.) Deobstruent; aperient. [Obs.] Harvey.

De*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [LL. deordinatio depraved morality.] Disorder; dissoluteness. [Obs.]

> Excess of riot and deordination.

Jer. Taylor.

De*os"cu*late (?), v. t. [L. deosculatus, p. p. of deosculari. See Osculate.] To kiss warmly. [Obs.] -- De*os`cu*la"tion (#), n. [Obs.]

De*ox"i*date (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deoxidize.

De*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of reducing from the state of an oxide.

De*ox`i*di*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Deoxidation.

De*ox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deprive of oxygen; to reduce from the state of an oxide.

De*ox"i*di`zer (?), n. (Chem.) That which removes oxygen; hence, a reducing agent; as, nascent hydrogen is a deoxidizer.

De*ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deoxidize. [Obs.]

De*ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or operation of depriving of oxygen.

De*ox"y*gen*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deoxidize.

De*paint" (?), p. p. [F. dépeint, p. p. of dépeindre to paint, fr. L. depingere. See Depict, p. p.] Painted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*paint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depainting.] 1. To paint; to picture; hence, to describe; to delineate in words; to depict. [Obs.]

> And do unwilling worship to the saint
> That on his shield depainted he did see.

Spenser.

> In few words shall see the nature of many memorable persons . . . depainted.

Holland.

2. To mark with, or as with, color; to color.

> Silver drops her vermeil cheeks depaint.

Fairfax.

De*paint"er (?) n. One who depaints. [Obs.]

De*par"dieux` (?), interj. [OF., a corruption of de part Dieu, lit., on the part of God.] In God's name; certainly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*part" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Departed; p. pr. & vb. n. Departing.] [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart, fr. L. partire, partiri, to divide, fr. pars part. See Part.] 1. To part; to divide; to separate. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To go forth or away; to quit, leave, or separate, as from a place or a person; to withdraw; -- opposed to arrive; -- often with from before the place, person, or thing left, and for or to before the destination.

> I will depart to mine own land.

Num. x. 30.

> Ere thou from hence depart.

Milton.

> He which hath no stomach to this fight,
> Let him depart.

Shak.

3. To forsake; to abandon; to desist or deviate (from); not to adhere to; -- with from; as, we can not depart from our rules; to depart from a title or defense in legal pleading.

> If the plan of the convention be found to depart from republican principles.

Madison.

4. To pass away; to perish.

> The glory is departed from Israel.

1 Sam. iv. 21.

5. To quit this world; to die.

> Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace.

Luke ii. 29.

To depart with, to resign; to part with. [Obs.] Shak.

De*part", v. t. 1. To part thoroughly; to dispart; to divide; to separate. [Obs.]

> Till death departed them, this life they lead.

Chaucer.

2. To divide in order to share; to apportion. [Obs.]

> And here is gold, and that full great plentee,
> That shall departed been among us three.

Chaucer.

3. To leave; to depart from. "He departed this life." Addison. "Ere I depart his house." Shak.

De*part", n. [Cf. F. départ, fr. départir.] 1. Division; separation, as of compound substances into their ingredients. [Obs.]

> The chymists have a liquor called water of depart.

Bacon.

2. A going away; departure; hence, death. [Obs.]

> At my depart for France.

Shak.

> Your loss and his depart.

Shak.

De*part"a*ble (?), a. Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.

De*part"er (?), n. 1. One who refines metals by separation. [Obs.]

2. One who departs.

De*part"ment (?), n. [F. département, fr. départir. See Depart, v. i.] 1. Act of departing; departure. [Obs.]

> Sudden departments from one extreme to another.

Wotton.

2. A part, portion, or subdivision.

3. A distinct course of life, action, study, or the like; appointed sphere or walk; province.

> Superior to Pope in Pope's own peculiar department of literature.

Macaulay.

4. Subdivision of business or official duty; especially, one of the principal divisions of executive government; as, the treasury department; the war department; also, in a university, one of the divisions of instruction; as, the medical department; the department of physics.

5. A territorial division; a district; esp., in France, one of the districts composed of several arrondissements into which the country is divided for governmental purposes; as, the Department of the Loire.

6. A military subdivision of a country; as, the Department of the Potomac.

De`part*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to a department or division. Burke.

De*par"ture (?; 135), n. [From Depart.] 1. Division; separation; putting away. [Obs.]

> No other remedy . . . but absolute departure.

Milton.

2. Separation or removal from a place; the act or process of departing or going away.

> Departure from this happy place.

Milton.

3. Removal from the present life; death; decease.

> The time of my departure is at hand.

2 Tim. iv. 6.

> His timely departure . . . barred him from the knowledge of his son's miseries.

Sir P. Sidney.

4. Deviation or abandonment, as from or of a rule or course of action, a plan, or a purpose.

> Any departure from a national standard.

Prescott.

5. (Law) The desertion by a party to any pleading of the ground taken by him in his last antecedent pleading, and the adoption of another. Bouvier.

6. (Nav. & Surv.) The distance due east or west which a person or ship passes over in going along an oblique line.

Since the meridians sensibly converge, the departure in navigation is not measured from the beginning nor from the end of the ship's course, but is regarded as the total easting or westing made by the ship or person as he travels over the course.

To take a departure (Nav. & Surv.), to ascertain, usually by taking bearings from a landmark, the position of a vessel at the beginning of a voyage as a point from which to begin her dead reckoning; as, the ship took her departure from Sandy Hook.

Syn. -- Death; demise; release. See Death.

De*pas"cent (?), a. [L. depascens, p. pr. of depascere; de- + pascere to feed.] Feeding. [R.]

De*pas"ture (?; 135), v. t. & i. To pasture; to feed; to graze; also, to use for pasture. [R.]

> Cattle, to graze and departure in his grounds.

Blackstone.

> A right to cut wood upon or departure land.

Washburn.

De*pa"tri*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. de- + patria one's country.] To withdraw, or cause to withdraw, from one's country; to banish. [Obs.]

> A subject born in any state
> May, if he please, depatriate.

Mason.

De*pau"per*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Depauperated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depauperating (?).] [LL. depauperatus, p. p. depauperare to impoverish; L. de- + pauperare to make poor, pauper poor.] To make poor; to impoverish.

> Liming does not depauperate; the ground will last long, and bear large grain.

Mortimer.

> Humility of mind which depauperates the spirit.

Jer. Taylor.

De*pau"per*ate (?), a. [L. depauperatus, p. p.] (Bot.) Falling short of the natural size, from being impoverished or starved. Gray.

De*pau"per*ize (?), v. t. To free from paupers; to rescue from poverty. [R.]

De*peach" (?), v. t. [L. dépêcher. See Dispatch.] To discharge. [Obs.]

> As soon as the party . . . before our justices shall be depeached.

Hakluyt.

De*pec"ti*ble (?), a. [L. depectere to comb off; de- + pectere to comb.] Tough; thick; capable of extension. [Obs.]

> Some bodies are of a more depectible nature than oil.

Bacon.

De*pec`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. depeculari, p. p. depeculatus, to rob. See Peculate.] A robbing or embezzlement. [Obs.]

> Depeculation of the public treasure.

Hobbes.

De*peinct" (?), v. t. [See Depaint.] To paint. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*pend" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Depended; p. pr. & vb. n. Depending.] [F. dépendre, fr. L. depend&?;re; de- + pend&?;re to hang. See Pendant.] 1. To hang down; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above.

> And ever-living lamps depend in rows.

Pope.

2. To hang in suspense; to be pending; to be undetermined or undecided; as, a cause depending in court.

> You will not think it unnatural that those who have an object depending, which strongly engages their hopes and fears, should be somewhat inclined to superstition.

Burke.

3. To rely for support; to be conditioned or contingent; to be connected with anything, as a cause of existence, or as a necessary condition; -- followed by on or upon, formerly by of.

> The truth of God's word dependeth not of the truth of the congregation.

Tyndale.

> The conclusion . . . that our happiness depends little on political institutions, and much on the temper and regulation of our own minds.

Macaulay.

> Heaven forming each on other to depend.

Pope.

4. To trust; to rest with confidence; to rely; to confide; to be certain; -- with on or upon; as, we depend on the word or assurance of our friends; we depend on the mail at the usual hour.

> But if you 're rough, and use him like a dog,
> Depend upon it -- he 'll remain incog.

Addison.

5. To serve; to attend; to act as a dependent or retainer. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To impend. [Obs.] Shak.

De*pend"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of being depended on; trustworthy. "Dependable friendships." Pope.

{ De*pend"ant (?), De*pend"ance (?), n., De*pend"an*cy (?) }, n. See Dependent, Dependence, Dependency.

The forms dependant, dependance, dependancy are from the French; the forms dependent, etc., are from the Latin. Some authorities give preference to the form dependant when the word is a noun, thus distinguishing it from the adjective, usually written dependent.

De*pend"ence (?), n. [LL. dependentia, fr. L. dependens. See Dependent, and cf. Dependance.] 1. The act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging down or from; suspension from a support.

2. The state of being influenced and determined by something; subjection (as of an effect to its cause).

> The cause of effects, and the dependence of one thing upon another.

Bp. Burnet.

3. Mutual connection and support; concatenation; systematic inter-relation.

> So dark and so intricate of purpose, without any dependence or order.

Sir T. More.

4. Subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to help or provide for one's self.

> Reduced to a servile dependence on their mercy.

Burke.

5. A resting with confidence; reliance; trust.

> Affectionate dependence on the Creator is the spiritual life of the soul.

T. Erskine.

6. That on which one depends or relies; as, he was her sole dependence.

7. That which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else.

> Like a large cluster of black grapes they show
> And make a large dependence from the bough.

Dryden.

8. A matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined; ground of controversy or quarrel. [Obs.]

> To go on now with my first dependence.

Beau. & Fl.

De*pend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Dependencies (&?;). 1. State of being dependent; dependence; state of being subordinate; subordination; concatenation; connection; reliance; trust.

> Any long series of action, the parts of which have very much dependency each on the other.

Sir J. Reynolds.

> So that they may acknowledge their dependency on the crown of England.

Bacon.

2. A thing hanging down; a dependence.

3. That which is attached to something else as its consequence, subordinate, satellite, and the like.

> This earth and its dependencies.

T. Burnet.

> Modes I call such complex ideas which . . . are considered as dependencies on or affections of substances.

Locke.

4. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony; as, Great Britain has its dependencies in Asia, Africa, and America.

Dependence is more used in the abstract, and dependency in the concrete. The latter is usually restricted in meaning to 3 and 4.

De*pend"ent (?), a. [L. dependens, -entis, p. pr. dependere. See Depend, and cf. Dependant.] 1. Hanging down; as, a dependent bough or leaf.

2. Relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else; not self-sustaining; contingent or conditioned; subordinate; -- often with on or upon; as, dependent on God; dependent upon friends.

> England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of the first rank.

Macaulay.

Dependent covenant or contract (Law), one not binding until some connecting stipulation is performed. -- Dependent variable (Math.), a varying quantity whose changes are arbitrary, but are regarded as produced by changes in another variable, which is called the independent variable.

De*pend"ent, n. 1. One who depends; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support of favor; a hanger-on; a retainer; as, a numerous train of dependents.

> A host of dependents on the court, suborned to play their part as witnesses.

Hallam.

2. That which depends; corollary; consequence.

> With all its circumstances and dependents.

Prynne.

See the Note under Dependant.

De*pend"ent*ly, adv. In a dependent manner.

De*pend"er (?), n. One who depends; a dependent.

De*pend"ing*ly, adv. As having dependence. Hale.

De*peo"ple (?), v. t. To depopulate. [Obs.]

De*per"dit (?), n. [LL. deperditum, fr. L. deperditus, p. p. of deperdere; de- + perdere to lose, destroy.] That which is lost or destroyed. [R.] Paley.

De*per"dite*ly (?), adv. Hopelessly; despairingly; in the manner of one ruined; as, deperditely wicked. [Archaic]

Dep`er*di"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déperdition.] Loss; destruction. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

De*per"ti*ble (?), a. [See Depart.] Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.

De*phlegm" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + phlegm water; cf. F. déphlegmer, déflegmer.] (O. Chem.) To rid of phlegm or water; to dephlegmate. [Obs.] Boyle.

De*phleg"mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlegmated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlegmating.] [See Dephlegm.] (Chem.) To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to clear of aqueous matter; to rectify; -- used of spirits and acids.

De`phleg*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déflegmation.] (Chem.) The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration, especially when acids are the subject of it. [Obs.]

De*phleg"ma*tor (?), n. An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in which the separation of the vapors is effected.

De*phleg"ma*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or producing, dephlegmation.

De*phlegm"ed*ness (?), n. A state of being freed from water. [Obs.] Boyle.

De`phlo*gis"tic*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlogisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlogisticating.] [Pref. de- + phlosticate: cf. F. déphlogistiguer.] (O. Chem.) To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability. Priestley.

Dephlogisticated air, oxygen gas; -- so called by Dr. Priestly and others of his time.

-- De`phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (#), n.

De*phos`phor*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of freeing from phosphorous.

De*pict" (-pkt"), p. p. [L. depictus, p. p. of depingere to depict; de- + pingere to paint. See Paint, and cf. Depaint, p. p.] Depicted. Lydgate.

<! p. 393 !>

De*pict" (d*pkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depicting.] 1. To form a colored likeness of; to represent by a picture; to paint; to portray.

> His arms are fairly depicted in his chamber.

Fuller.

2. To represent in words; to describe vividly.

> Cæsar's gout was then depicted in energetic language.

Motley.

De*pic"tion (?), n. [L. depictio.] A painting or depicting; a representation.

De*pic"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depicturing.] To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.

> Several persons were depictured in caricature.

Fielding.

Dep"i*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Depilating.] [L. depilatus, p. p. of depilare to depilate; de- + pilare to put forth hairs, pilus hair.] To strip of hair; to husk. Venner.

Dep`i*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépilation.] Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing. Dryden.

De*pil"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dépilatoire.] Having the quality or power of removing hair. -- n. An application used to take off hair.

Dep"i*lous (?), a. [Pref. de- + pilous: cf. L. depilis.] Hairless. Sir t. Browne.

De*pla"nate (?), a. [L. deplanetus, p. p. of deplanare to make level. See Plane, v. t.] (Bot.) Flattened; made level or even.

De*plant" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + plan: cf. F. déplanter, L. deplantare to take off a twig. See Plant, v. t.] To take up (plants); to transplant. [R.]

De`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplantation.] Act of taking up plants from beds.

De*plete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depleting.] [From L. deplere to empty out; de- + plere to fill. Forined like replete, complete. See Fill, Full, a.] 1. (Med.) To empty or unload, as the vessels of human system, by bloodletting or by medicine. Copland.

2. To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of money, etc. Saturday Review.

De*ple"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplétion.] 1. The act of depleting or emptying.

2. (Med.) the act or process of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the vessels by bloodletting or otherwise; also excessive evacuation, as in severe diarrhea.

De*ple"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. déplétif.] Able or fitted to deplete. -- n. A substance used to deplete.

De*ple"to*ry (?), a. Serving to deplete.

Dep`li*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. deplicare to unfold; L. de- + plicare to fold.] An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Dep`loi*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. Exploitation, Deploy.] Same as Exploitation.

De*plor`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Deplorableness. Stormonth.

De*plor"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déplorable.] Worthy of being deplored or lamented; lamentable; causing grief; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; wretched; as, life's evils are deplorable.

> Individual sufferers are in a much more deplorable conditious than any others.

Burke.

De*plor"a*ble*ness, n. State of being deplorable.

De*plor"a*bly, adv. In a deplorable manner.

De*plo"rate (?), a. [L. deploratus, p. p. of deplorare. See Deplore.] Deplorable. [Obs.]

> A more deplorate estate.

Baker.

Dep`lo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. deploratio: cf. F. déploration.] The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation. Speed.

De*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploring.] [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.] 1. To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over.

> To find her, or forever to deplore
> Her loss.

Milton.

> As some sad turtle his lost love deplores.

Pope.

2. To complain of. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To regard as hopeless; to give up. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn. -- To Deplore, Mourn, Lament, Bewail, Bemoan. Mourn is the generic term, denoting a state of grief or sadness. To lament is to express grief by outcries, and denotes an earnest and strong expression of sorrow. To deplore marks a deeper and more prolonged emotion. To bewail and to bemoan are appropriate only to cases of poignant distress, in which the grief finds utterance either in wailing or in moans and sobs. A man laments his errors, and deplores the ruin they have brought on his family; mothers bewail or bemoan the loss of their children.

De*plore", v. i. To lament. Gray.

De*plor"ed*ly (?), adv. Lamentably.

De*plor"ed*ness, n. The state of being deplored or deplorable. [R.] Bp. Hail.

De*plore"ment (?), n. Deploration. [Obs.]

De*plor"er (?), n. One who deplores.

De*plor"ing*ly, adv. In a deploring manner.

De*ploy" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Deployed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploying.] [F. déployer; pref. dé&?; = dés (L. dis) + ployer, equiv. to plier to fold, fr. L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Display.] (Mil.) To open out; to unfold; to spread out (a body of troops) in such a way that they shall display a wider front and less depth; -- the reverse of ploy; as, to deploy a column of troops into line of battle.

{ De*ploy" (?), De*ploy"ment (?), } n. (Mil.) The act of deploying; a spreading out of a body of men in order to extend their front. Wilhelm.

> Deployments . . . which cause the soldier to turn his back to the enemy are not suited to war.

H. L. Scott.

De*plu"mate (?), a. [LL. diplumatus, p. p. of deplumare. See Deplume.] (Zoöl.) Destitute or deprived of features; deplumed.

Dep`lu*ma"tion (?), n. [See Deplumate.] 1. The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers. Bp. Stillingfleet

2. (Med.) A disease of the eyelids, attended with loss of the eyelashes. Thomas.

De*plume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depluming.] [LL. deplumare; L. de- + plumare to cover with feathers, pluma feather: cf. deplumis featherless, and F. déplumer.] 1. To strip or pluck off the feather of; to deprive of of plumage.

> On the depluming of the pope every bird had his own feather.

Fuller.

2. To lay bare; to expose.

> The exposure and depluming of the leading humbugs of the age.

De Quincey.

De*po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépolarisation.] The act of depriving of polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized condition.

Depolarization of light (Opt.), a change in the plane of polarization of rays, especially by a crystalline medium, such that the light which had been extinguished by the analyzer reappears as if the polarization had been anulled. The word is inappropriate, as the ray does not return to the unpolarized condition.

De*po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depolarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depolarizing.] [Pref. de- + polarize: cf. F. dépolarizer.] 1. (Opt.) To deprive of polarity; to reduce to an unpolarized condition.

This word has been inaccurately applied in optics to describe the effect of a polarizing medium, as a crystalline plate, in causing the reappearance of a ray, in consequence of a change in its plane of polarization, which previously to the change was intercepted by the analyzer.

2. (Elec.) To free from polarization, as the negative plate of the voltaic battery.

De*po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Elec.) A substance used to prevent polarization, as upon the negative plate of a voltaic battery.

De*pol"ish (d*pl"sh), v. t. To remove the polish or glaze from.

De*pol"ish*ing (d*pl"sh*ng), n. (Ceramics) The process of removing the vitreous glaze from porcelain, leaving the dull luster of the surface of ivory porcelain. Knight.

De*pone" (d*pn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deponed (-pnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Deponing.] [L. deponere, depositum, to put down, in LL., to assert under oath; de- + ponere to put, place. See Position, and cf. Deposit.] 1. To lay, as a stake; to wager. [Obs.] Hudibras.

2. To lay down. [R.] Southey.

3. To assert under oath; to depose. [A Scotticism]

> Sprot deponeth that he entered himself thereafter in conference.

State Trials(1606).

De*pone", v. i. To testify under oath; to depose; to bear witness. [A Scotticism]

> The fairy Glorians, whose credibility on this point can not be called in question, depones to the confinement of Merlin in a tree.

Dunlop.

De*po"nent (?), n. [L. deponenes, -entis, laying down. See Depone, v. t.] 1. (Law) One who deposes or testifies under oath; one who gives evidence; usually, one who testifies in writing.

2. (Gr. & Lat. Gram.) A deponent verb.

Syn. -- Deponent, Affiant. These are legal terms describing a person who makes a written declaration under oath, with a view to establish certain facts. An affiant is one who makes an affidavit, or declaration under oath, in order to establish the truth of what he says. A deponenet is one who makes a deposition, or gives written testimony under oath, to be used in the trial of some case before a court of justice. See under Deposition.

De*po"nent, a. [L. deponens, -entis, laying down (its proper passive meaning), p. pr. of deponere: cf. F. déponent. See Depone.] (Gram.) Having a passive form with an active meaning, as certain latin and Greek verbs.

De*pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Depopulation; destruction of population. [R.] Chapman.

De*pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depopulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depopulating (?).] [L. depopulatus, p. p. of depopulari to ravage; de- + populari to ravage, fr. populus people: cf. OF. depopuler, F. dépeupler. See People.] To deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion; to reduce greatly the populousness of; to dispeople; to unpeople.

> Where is this viper,
> That would depopulate the city?

Shak.

It is not synonymous with laying waste or destroying, being limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may depopulate a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers; as, the deluge depopulated the earth.

De*pop"u*late, v. i. To become dispeopled. [R.]

> Whether the country be depopulating or not.

Goldsmith.

De*pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. depopulatio pillaging: cf. F. dépopulation depopulation.] The act of depopulating, or condition of being depopulated; destruction or explusion of inhabitants.

> The desolation and depopulation [of St.Quentin] were now complete.

Motley.

De*pop"u*la`tor (?), n. [L., pillager.] One who depopulates; a dispeopler.

De*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deported; p. pr. & vb. n. Deporting.] [F. déporter to transport for life, OF., to divert, amuse, from L. deportare to carry away; de- + portare to carry. See Port demeanor.] 1. To transport; to carry away; to exile; to send into banishment.

> He told us he had been deported to Spain.

Walsh.

2. To carry or demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.

> Let an ambassador deport himself in the most graceful manner befor a prince.

Pope.

De*port" (?), n. Behavior; carriage; demeanor; deportment. [Obs.] "Goddesslike deport." Milton.

De`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. depotatio: cf. F. déportation.] The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being deported; banishment; transportation.

> In their deportations, they had often the favor of their conquerors.

Atterbury.

De*port"ment (?), n. [F. déportement misconduct, OF., demeanor. See Deport.] Manner of deporting or demeaning one's self; manner of acting; conduct; carriage; especially, manner of acting with respect to the courtesies and duties of life; behavior; demeanor; bearing.

> The gravity of his deportment carried him safe through many difficulties.

Swift.

De*por"ture (?), n. Deportment. [Obs.]

> Stately port and majestical deporture.

Speed.

De*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deposed or deprived of office. Howell.

De*pos"al (?), n. The act of deposing from office; a removal from the throne. Fox.

De*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deposing.][FF. déposer, in the sense of L. deponere to put down; but from pref. dé- (L. de) + poser to place. See Pose, Pause.] 1. To lay down; to divest one's self of; to lay aside. [Obs.]

> Thus when the state one Edward did depose,
> A greater Edward in his room arose.

Dryden.

2. To let fall; to deposit. [Obs.]

> Additional mud deposed upon it.

Woodward.

3. To remove from a throne or other high station; to dethrone; to divest or deprive of office.

> A tyrant over his subjects, and therefore worthy to be deposed.

Prynne.

4. To testify under oath; to bear testimony to; -- now usually said of bearing testimony which is officially written down for future use. Abbott.

> To depose the yearly rent or valuation of lands.

Bacon.

5. To put under oath. [Obs.]

> Depose him in the justice of his cause.

Shak.

De*pose", v. i. To bear witness; to testify under oath; to make deposition.

> Then, seeing't was he that made you to despose,
> Your oath, my lord, is vain and frivolous.

Shak.

De*pos"er (?), n. 1. One who deposes or degrades from office.

2. One who testifies or deposes; a deponent.

De*pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Depositing.] [L. depositus, p. p. of deponere. See Depone, and cf. Deposit, n.] 1. To lay down; to place; to put; to let fall or throw down (as sediment); as, a crocodile deposits her eggs in the sand; the waters deposited a rich alluvium.

> The fear is deposited in conscience.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To lay up or away for safe keeping; to put up; to store; as, to deposit goods in a warehouse.

3. To lodge in some one's hands for safe keeping; to commit to the custody of another; to intrust; esp., to place in a bank, as a sum of money subject to order.

4. To lay aside; to rid one's self of. [Obs.]

> If what is written prove useful to you, to the depositing that which I can not but deem an error.

Hammond.

Both this verb and the noun following were formerly written deposite.

De*pos"it, n. [L. depositum, fr. depositus, p. p. of deponere: cf. F. dépôt, OF. depost. See Deposit, v. t., and cf. Depot.] 1. That which is deposited, or laid or thrown down; as, a deposit in a flue; especially, matter precipitated from a solution (as the siliceous deposits of hot springs), or that which is mechanically deposited (as the mud, gravel, etc., deposits of a river).

> The deposit already formed affording to the succeeding portion of the charged fluid a basis.

Kirwan.

2. (Mining) A natural occurrence of a useful mineral under the conditions to invite exploitation. Raymond.

3. That which is placed anywhere, or in any one's hands, for safe keeping; something intrusted to the care of another; esp., money lodged with a bank or banker, subject to order; anything given as pledge or security.

4. (Law) (a) A bailment of money or goods to be kept gratuitously for the bailor. (b) Money lodged with a party as earnest or security for the performance of a duty assumed by the person depositing.

5. A place of deposit; a depository. [R.]

Bank of deposit. See under Bank. -- In deposit, or On deposit, in trust or safe keeping as a deposit; as, coins were received on deposit.

De*pos"i*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Depositaries (#). [L. depositarius, fr. deponere. See Deposit.] 1. One with whom anything is lodged in the trust; one who receives a deposit; -- the correlative of depositor.

> I . . . made you my guardians, my depositaries.

Shak.

> The depositaries of power, who are mere delegates of the people.

J. S. Mill.

2. A storehouse; a depository. Bp. Hurd.

3. (Law) One to whom goods are bailed, to be kept for the bailor without a recompense. Kent.

Dep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. depositio, fr. deponere: cf. F. déposition. See Deposit.] 1. The act of depositing or deposing; the act of laying down or thrown down; precipitation.

> The deposition of rough sand and rolled pebbles.

H. Miller.

2. The act of bringing before the mind; presentation.

> The influence of princes upon the dispositions of their courts needs not the deposition of their examples, since it hath the authority of a known principle.

W. Montagu.

<! p. 394 !>

3. The act of setting aside a sovereign or a public officer; deprivation of authority and dignity; displacement; removal.

A deposition differs from an abdication, an abdication being voluntary, and a deposition compulsory.

4. That which is deposited; matter laid or thrown down; sediment; alluvial matter; as, banks are sometimes depositions of alluvial matter.

5. An opinion, example, or statement, laid down or asserted; a declaration.

6. (Law) The act of laying down one's testimony in writing; also, testimony laid or taken down in writing, under oath or affirmation, before some competent officer, and in reply to interrogatories and cross-interrogatories.

Syn. -- Deposition, Affidavit. Affidavit is the wider term. It denotes any authorized ex parte written statement of a person, sworn to or affirmed before some competent magistrate. It is made without cross-examination, and requires no notice to an opposing party. It is generally signed by the party making it, and may be drawn up by himself or any other person. A deposition is the written testimony of a witness, taken down in due form of law, and sworn to or affirmed by the deponent. It must be taken before some authorized magistrate, and upon a prescribed or reasonable notice to the opposing party, that may attend and cross-examine. It is generally written down from the mouth of the witness by the magistrate, or some person for him, and in his presence.

De*pos"i*tor (d*pz"*tr), n. [L., fr. deponere. See Depone.] One who makes a deposit, especially of money in a bank; -- the correlative of depository.

De*pos"i*to*ry (-t*r), n.; pl. Depositories (-rz). 1. A place where anything is deposited for sale or keeping; as, warehouse is a depository for goods; a clerk's office is a depository for records.

2. One with whom something is deposited; a depositary.

> I am the sole depository of my own secret, and it shall perish with me.

Junius.

||De*pos"i*tum (-tm), n. [L.] Deposit.

De*pos"i*ture (-tr; 135), n. The act of depositing; deposition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

De"pot (d"p; French d*p"; 277), n. [F. dépôt, OF. depost, fr. L. depositum a deposit. See Deposit, n.] 1. A place of deposit for the storing of goods; a warehouse; a storehouse.

> The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are at present the great depots of this kingdom.

Brit. Critic (1794).

2. (Mil.) (a) A military station where stores and provisions are kept, or where recruits are assembled and drilled. (b) (Eng. & France) The headquarters of a regiment, where all supplies are received and distributed, recruits are assembled and instructed, infirm or disabled soldiers are taken care of, and all the wants of the regiment are provided for.

3. A railway station; a building for the accommodation and protection of railway passengers or freight. [U. S.]

Syn. -- See Station.

Dep"per (dp"pr), a. Deeper. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dep`ra*va"tion (dp`r*v"shn), n. [L. depravitio, from depravare: cf. F. dépravation. See Deprave.] 1. Detraction; depreciation. [Obs.]

> To stubborn critics, apt, without a theme,
> For depravation.

Shak.

2. The act of depraving, or making anything bad; the act of corrupting.

3. The state of being depraved or degenerated; degeneracy; depravity.

> The depravation of his moral character destroyed his judgment.

Sir G. C. Lewis.

4. (Med.) Change for the worse; deterioration; morbid perversion.

Syn. -- Depravity; corruption. See Depravity.

De*prave" (d*prv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depraved (-prvd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Depraving.] [L. depravare, depravatum; de- + pravus crooked, distorted, perverse, wicked.] 1. To speak ill of; to depreciate; to malign; to revile. [Obs.]

> And thou knowest, conscience, I came not to chide
> Nor deprave thy person with a proud heart.

Piers Plowman.

2. To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt.

> Whose pride depraves each other better part.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To corrupt; vitiate; contaminate; pollute.

De*prav"ed*ly (?), adv. In a depraved manner.

De*prav"ed*ness, n. Depravity. Hammond.

De*prave"ment (-ment), n. Depravity. [Obs.] Milton.

De*prav"er (-r), n. One who depraves or corrupts.

De*prav"ing*ly, adv. In a depraving manner.

De*prav"i*ty (?), n. [From Deprave: cf. L. pravitas crookedness, perverseness.] The state of being depraved or corrupted; a vitiated state of moral character; general badness of character; wickedness of mind or heart; absence of religious feeling and principle.

Total depravity. See Original sin, and Calvinism.

Syn. -- Corruption; vitiation; wickedness; vice; contamination; degeneracy. -- Depravity, Depravation, Corruption. Depravilty is a vitiated state of mind or feeling; as, the depravity of the human heart; depravity of public morals. Depravation points to the act or process of making depraved, and hence to the end thus reached; as, a gradual depravation of principle; a depravation of manners, of the heart, etc. Corruption is the only one of these words which applies to physical substances, and in reference to these denotes the process by which their component parts are dissolved. Hence, when figuratively used, it denotes an utter vitiation of principle or feeling. Depravity applies only to the mind and heart: we can speak of a depraved taste, or a corrupt taste; in the first we introduce the notion that there has been the influence of bad training to pervert; in the second, that there is a want of true principle to pervert; in the second, that there is a want of true principles to decide. The other two words have a wider use: we can speak of the depravation or the corruption of taste and public sentiment. Depravity is more or less open; corruption is more or less disguised in its operations. What is depraved requires to be reformed; what is corrupt requires to be purified.

Dep"re*ca*ble (?), a. [L. deprecabilis exorable.] That may or should be deprecated. Paley.

Dep"re*cate (dp"r*kt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprecated (- k`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Deprecating (-k`tng).] [L. deprecatus, p. p. of deprecari to avert by player, to deprecate; de- + precari to pray. See Pray.] To pray against, as an evil; to seek to avert by prayer; to desire the removal of; to seek deliverance from; to express deep regret for; to disapprove of strongly.

> His purpose was deprecated by all round him, and he was with difficulty induced to adandon it.

Sir W. Scott.

Dep"re*ca`ting*ly (-k`tng*l), adv. In a deprecating manner.

Dep`re*ca"tion (dp`r*k"shn), n. [L. deprecatio; cf. F. déprécation.] 1. The act of deprecating; a praying against evil; prayer that an evil may be removed or prevented; strong expression of disapprobation.

> Humble deprecation.

Milton.

2. Entreaty for pardon; petitioning.

3. An imprecation or curse. [Obs.] Gilpin.

Dep"re*ca*tive (?), a. [L. deprecativus: cf. F. déprécatif.] Serving to deprecate; deprecatory.

-- Dep"re*ca*tive*ly, adv.

Dep"re*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who deprecates.

Dep"re*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. deprecatorius.] Serving to deprecate; tending to remove or avert evil by prayer; apologetic.

> Humble and deprecatory letters.

Bacon.

De*pre"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depreciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depreciating (?).] [L. depretiatus, depreciatus, p. p. of depretiare, -ciare, to depreciate; de- + pretiare to prize, fr. pretium price. See Price.] To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of; to represent as of little value or claim to esteem; to undervalue. Addison.

> Which . . . some over-severe philosophers may look upon fastidiously, or undervalue and depreciate.

Cudworth.

> To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to depreciate the value of freedom itself.

Burke.

Syn. -- To decry; disparage; traduce; lower; detract; underrate. See Decry.

De*pre"ci*ate, v. i. To fall in value; to become of less worth; to sink in estimation; as, a paper currency will depreciate, unless it is convertible into specie.

De*pre`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépréciation.] 1. The act of lessening, or seeking to lessen, price, value, or reputation.

2. The falling of value; reduction of worth. Burke.

3. the state of being depreciated.

De*pre"ci*a`tive (?), a. Tending, or intended, to depreciate; expressing depreciation; undervaluing. -- De*pre"ci*a`tive*ly, adv.

De*pre"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who depreciates.

De*pre"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to depreciate; undervaluing; depreciative.

Dep"re*da*ble (?), a. Liable to depredation. [Obs.] "Made less depredable." Bacon.

Dep"re*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depredated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depredating (?).] [L. depraedatus, p. p. of depraedari to plunder; de- + praedari to plunder, praeda plunder, prey. See Prey.] To subject to plunder and pillage; to despoil; to lay waste; to prey upon.

> It makes the substance of the body . . . less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

Bacon.

Dep"re*date, v. i. To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; as, the troops depredated on the country.

Dep`re*da"tion (?), n. [L. depraedatio: cf. F. déprédation.] The act of depredating, or the state of being depredated; the act of despoiling or making inroads; as, the sea often makes depredation on the land.

Dep"re*da`tor (?), n. [L. depraedator.] One who plunders or pillages; a spoiler; a robber.

Dep"re*da`to*ry (?), a. Tending or designed to depredate; characterized by depredation; plundering; as, a depredatory incursion.

De*pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. de- (intensive) + predicate.] To proclaim; to celebrate. [R.]

Dep`re*hend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Deprehending.] [L. deprehendere, deprehensum; de- + prehendere to lay hold of, seize. See Prehensile.] 1. To take unawares or by surprise; to seize, as a person commiting an unlawful act; to catch; to apprehend.

> The deprehended adulteress.Jer.

Taylor.

2. To detect; to discover; to find out.

> The motion . . . are to be deprehended by experience.

Bacon.

Dep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. That may be caught or discovered; apprehensible. [Obs.] Petty.

-- Dep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Dep`re*hen"sion (?), n. [L. deprehensio.] A catching; discovery. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

De*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depressing.] [L. depressus, p. p. of deprimere; de- + premere to press. See Press.] 1. To press down; to cause to sink; to let fall; to lower; as, to depress the muzzle of a gun; to depress the eyes. "With lips depressed." Tennyson.

2. To bring down or humble; to abase, as pride.

3. To cast a gloom upon; to sadden; as, his spirits were depressed.

4. To lessen the activity of; to make dull; embarrass, as trade, commerce, etc.

5. To lessen in price; to cause to decline in value; to cheapen; to depreciate.

6. (Math.) To reduce (an equation) in a lower degree.

To depress the pole (Naut.), to cause the sidereal pole to appear lower or nearer the horizon, as by sailing toward the equator.

Syn. -- To sink; lower; abase; cast down; deject; humble; degrade; dispirit; discourage.

De*press", a. [L. depressus, p. p.] Having the middle lower than the border; concave. [Obs.]

> If the seal be depress or hollow.

Hammond.

De*press"ant (?), n. (Med.) An agent or remedy which lowers the vital powers.

De*pressed" (?), a. 1. Pressed or forced down; lowed; sunk; dejected; dispirited; sad; humbled.

2. (Bot.) (a) Concave on the upper side; -- said of a leaf whose disk is lower than the border. (b) Lying flat; -- said of a stem or leaf which lies close to the ground.

3. (Zoöl.) Having the vertical diameter shorter than the horizontal or transverse; -- said of the bodies of animals, or of parts of the bodies.

De*press"ing*ly, adv. In a depressing manner.

De*pres"sion (?), n. [L. depressio: cf. F. dépression.] 1. The act of depressing.

2. The state of being depressed; a sinking.

3. A falling in of the surface; a sinking below its true place; a cavity or hollow; as, roughness consists in little protuberances and depressions.

4. Humiliation; abasement, as of pride.

5. Dejection; despondency; lowness.

> In a great depression of spirit.

Baker.

6. Diminution, as of trade, etc.; inactivity; dullness.

7. (Astron.) The angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon.

8. (Math.) The operation of reducing to a lower degree; -- said of equations.

9. (Surg.) A method of operating for cataract; couching. See Couch, v. t., 8.

Angle of depression (Geod.), one which a descending line makes with a horizontal plane. -- Depression of the dewpoint (Meteor.), the number of degrees that the dew-point is lower than the actual temperature of the atmosphere. -- Depression of the pole, its apparent sinking, as the spectator goes toward the equator. -- Depression of the visible horizon. (Astron.) Same as Dip of the horizon, under Dip.

Syn. -- Abasement; reduction; sinking; fall; humiliation; dejection; melancholy.

De*press"ive (?), a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. -- De*press"ive*ness, n.

De*pres`so*mo"tor (?), a. (Med.) Depressing or diminishing the capacity for movement, as depressomotor nerves, which lower or inhibit muscular activity. -- n. Any agent that depresses the activity of the motor centers, as bromides, etc.

De*press"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, presses down; an oppressor.

2. (Anat.) A muscle that depresses or tends to draw down a part.

Depressor nerve (Physiol.), a nerve which lowers the activity of an organ; as, the depressor nerve of the heart.

Dep"ri*ment (?), a. [L. deprimens, p. pr. of deprimere. See Depress.] Serving to depress. [R.] "Depriment muscles." Derham.

De*pri"sure (?), n. [F. dépriser to undervalue; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + priser to prize, fr. prix price, fr. L. pretium. See Dispraise.] Low estimation; disesteem; contempt. [Obs.]

De*priv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, deprived; liable to be deposed.

> Kings of Spain . . . deprivable for their tyrannies.

Prynne.

Dep`ri*va"tion (?), n. [LL. deprivatio.] 1. The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of deposing or divesting of some dignity.

2. The state of being deprived; privation; loss; want; bereavement.

3. (Eccl. Law) the taking away from a clergyman his benefice, or other spiritual promotion or dignity.

Deprivation may be a beneficio or ab officio; the first takes away the living, the last degrades and deposes from the order.

De*prive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deprived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depriving.] [LL. deprivare, deprivatium, to divest of office; L. de- + privare to bereave, deprive: cf. OF. depriver. See Private.] 1. To take away; to put an end; to destroy. [Obs.]

> 'Tis honor to deprive dishonored life.

Shak.

2. To dispossess; to bereave; to divest; to hinder from possessing; to debar; to shut out from; -- with a remoter object, usually preceded by of.

> God hath deprived her of wisdom.

Job xxxix. 17.

> It was seldom that anger deprived him of power over himself.

Macaulay.

3. To divest of office; to depose; to dispossess of dignity, especially ecclesiastical.

> A minister deprived for inconformity.

Bacon.

Syn. -- To strip; despoil; rob; abridge.

De*prive"ment (?), n. Deprivation. [R.]

De*priv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, deprives.

De*pros"trate (?), a. Fully prostrate; humble; low; rude. [Obs.]

> How may weak mortal ever hope to file
> His unsmooth tongue, and his deprostrate style.

G. Fletcher.

De`pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. To divest of provincial quality or characteristics.

Depth (spth), n. [From Deep; akin to D. diepte, Icel. dpt, dpð, Goth. diupiþa.] 1. The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement downward from the surface, or horizontal measurement backward from the front; as, the depth of a river; the depth of a body of troops.

2. Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance; completeness; as, depth of knowledge, or color.

> Mindful of that heavenly love
> Which knows no end in depth or height.

Keble.

3. Lowness; as, depth of sound.

4. That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the deep; the middle part; as, the depth of night, or of winter.

> From you unclouded depth above.

Keble.

> The depth closed me round about.

Jonah ii. 5.

5. (Logic) The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or notion includes; the comprehension or content.

6. (Horology) A pair of toothed wheels which work together. [R.]

<! p. 395 !>

Depth of a sail (Naut.), the extent of a square sail from the head rope to the foot rope; the length of the after leach of a staysail or boom sail; -- commonly called the drop of a sail.

Depth"en (?), v. t. To deepen. [Obs.]

Depth"less, a. 1. Having no depth; shallow.

2. Of measureless depth; unfathomable.

> In clouds of depthless night.

Francis.

De*pu"ce*late (?), v. t. [L. de + LL. pucella virgin, F. pucelle: cf. F. dépuceler.] To deflour; to deprive of virginity. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*pu"di*cate (?), v. t. [L. depudicatus, p. p. of depudicare.] To deflour; to dishonor. [Obs.]

De*pulse" (?), v. t. [L. depulsus, p. p. of depellere to drive out; de- + pellere to drive.] To drive away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

De*pul"sion (?), n. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrusting away. [R.] Speed.

De*pul"so*ry (?), a. [L. depulsorius.] Driving or thrusting away; averting. [R.] Holland.

Dep"u*rant (?), a. & n. (Med.) Depurative.

Dep"u*rate (?), a. [LL. depuratus, p. p. of depurare to purify; L. de- + purare to purify, purus clean, pure. Cf. Depure.] Depurated; cleansed; freed from impurities. Boyle.

Dep"u*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depurating (?).] To free from impurities, heterogeneous matter, or feculence; to purify; to cleanse.

> To depurate the mass of blood.

Boyle.

Dep`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépuration.] The act or process of depurating or freeing from foreign or impure matter, as a liquid or wound.

Dep"u*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dépuratif.] (Med.) Purifying the blood or the humors; depuratory. -- n. A depurative remedy or agent; or a disease which is believed to be depurative.

Dep"u*ra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, cleanses.

Dep"u*ra*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dépuratoire.] Depurating; tending to depurate or cleanse; depurative.

De*pure" (?), v. t. [F. dépurer. See Depurate.] To depurate; to purify. [Obs.]

> He shall first be depured and cleansed before that he shall be laid up for pure gold in the treasures of God.

Sir T. More.

De*pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. Serving to purge; tending to cleanse or purify. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Dep`u*ri"tion (?), n. See Depuration.

Dep"u*ta*ble (?), a. Fit to be deputed; suitable to act as a deputy. Carlyle.

Dep`u*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. députation. See Depute.] 1. The act of deputing, or of appointing or commissioning a deputy or representative; office of a deputy or delegate; vicegerency.

> The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and deputation under God.

South.

2. The person or persons deputed or commissioned by another person, party, or public body to act in his or its behalf; delegation; as, the general sent a deputation to the enemy to propose a truce.

By deputation, or In deputation, by delegated authority; as substitute; through the medium of a deputy. [Obs.]

> Say to great Cæsar this: In deputation
> I kiss his conquering hand.

Shak.

Dep"u*ta`tor (?), n. One who deputes, or makes a deputation. [R.] Locke.

De*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deputing.] [F. députer, fr. L. deputare to esteem, consider, in LL., to destine, allot; de- + putare to clean, prune, clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See Pure.] 1. To appoint as deputy or agent; to commission to act in one's place; to delegate.

> There is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

2. Sam. xv. 3.

> Some persons, deputed by a meeting.

Macaulay.

2. To appoint; to assign; to choose. [R.]

> The most conspicuous places in cities are usually deputed for the erection of statues.

Barrow.

De*pute", n. A person deputed; a deputy. [Scot.]

Dep"u*tize (dp"*tz), v. t. To appoint as one's deputy; to empower to act in one's stead; to depute.

Dep"u*ty (-t), n.; pl. Deputies (#). [F. député, fr. LL. deputatus. See Depute.] 1. One appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him, in his name or his behalf; a substitute in office; a lieutenant; a representative; a delegate; a vicegerent; as, the deputy of a prince, of a sheriff, of a township, etc.

> There was then [in the days of Jehoshaphat] no king in Edom; a deputy was king.

1 Kings xxii. 47.

> God's substitute,
> His deputy anointed in His sight.

Shak.

Deputy is used in combination with the names of various executive officers, to denote an assistant empowered to act in their name; as, deputy collector, deputy marshal, deputy sheriff.

2. A member of the Chamber of Deputies. [France]

Chamber of Deputies, one of the two branches of the French legislative assembly; -- formerly called Corps Législatif. Its members, called deputies, are elected by the people voting in districts.

Syn. -- Substitute; representative; legate; delegate; envoy; agent; factor.

De*quan"ti*tate (?), v. t. [L. de- + quantitas, -atis. See Quantity.] To diminish the quantity of; to disquantity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

De*rac"i*nate (d*rs"*nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deracinated (-n`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Deracinating (n`tng).] [F. déraciner; pref. dé- (L. dis) + racine root, fr. an assumed LL. radicina, fr. L. radix, radicis, root.] To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. [R.]

> While that the colter rusts
> That should deracinate such savagery.

Shak.

De*rac`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of pulling up by the roots; eradication. [R.]

{ De*raign", De*rain" } (?), v. t. [See Darraign.] (Old Law) To prove or to refute by proof; to clear (one's self). [Obs.]

{ De*raign"ment, De*rain"ment } (?), n. [See Darraign.] 1. The act of deraigning. [Obs.]

2. The renunciation of religious or monastic vows. [Obs.] Blount.

De*rail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Derailing.] To cause to run off from the rails of a railroad, as a locomotive. Lardner.

De*rail"ment (?), n. The act of going off, or the state of being off, the rails of a railroad.

De*range" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deranging.] [F. déranger; pref. dé- = dés- (L. dis) + ranger to range. See Range, and cf. Disarrange, Disrank.] 1. To put out of place, order, or rank; to disturb the proper arrangement or order of; to throw into disorder, confusion, or embarrassment; to disorder; to disarrange; as, to derange the plans of a commander, or the affairs of a nation.

2. To disturb in action or function, as a part or organ, or the whole of a machine or organism.

> A sudden fall deranges some of our internal parts.

Blair.

3. To disturb in the orderly or normal action of the intellect; to render insane.

Syn. -- To disorder; disarrange; displace; unsettle; disturb; confuse; discompose; ruffle; disconcert.

De*ranged" (?), a. Disordered; especially, disordered in mind; crazy; insane.

> The story of a poor deranged parish lad.

Lamb.

De*range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. dérangement.] The act of deranging or putting out of order, or the state of being deranged; disarrangement; disorder; confusion; especially, mental disorder; insanity.

Syn. -- Disorder; confusion; embarrassment; irregularity; disturbance; insanity; lunacy; madness; delirium; mania. See Insanity.

De*ran"ger (?), n. One who deranges.

De*ray" (?), n. [OF. derroi, desroi, desrei; pref. des- (L. dis-) + roi, rei, rai, order. See Array.] Disorder; merriment. [Obs.]

||Der"bi*o (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large European food fish (Lichia glauca).

Der"by (?; usually ? in Eng.; 85), n. 1. A race for three-old horses, run annually at Epsom (near London), for the Derby stakes. It was instituted by the 12th Earl of Derby, in 1780.

Derby Day, the day of the annual race for the Derby stakes, -- Wednesday of the week before Whitsuntide.

2. A stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown.

Der"by*shire spar" (?). (Min.) A massive variety of fluor spar, found in Derbyshire, England, and wrought into vases and other ornamental work.

Der*do"ing (?), a. [See Dere, v. t.] Doing daring or chivalrous deeds. [Obs.] "In derdoing arms." Spenser.

Dere (?), v. t. [AS. derian to hurt.] To hurt; to harm; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dere, n. Harm. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.

{ De*reine, De*reyne" (?) }, v. t. Same as Darraign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Der"e*lict (?), a. [L. derelictus, p. p. of derelinquere to forsake wholly, to abandon; de- + relinquere to leave. See Relinquish.] 1. Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and abandoned; as, derelict lands.

> The affections which these exposed or derelict children bear to their mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and opinion.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful.

> They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy.

Burke.

> A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is derelict to its highest duties.

J. Buchanan.

Der"e*lict, n. (Law) (a) A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea. (b) A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.

Der`e*lic"tion (?), n. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim or resume; an utter forsaking abandonment.

> Cession or dereliction, actual or tacit, of other powers.

Burke.

2. A neglect or omission as if by willful abandonment.

> A total dereliction of military duties.

Sir W. Scott.

3. The state of being left or abandoned.

4. (Law) A retiring of the sea, occasioning a change of high-water mark, whereby land is gained.

De`re*li"gion*ize (?), v. t. To make irreligious; to turn from religion. [R.]

> He would dereligionize men beyond all others.

De Quincey.

Dere"ling (?), n. Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dere"ling (?), n. Darling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Derf (?), a. [Icel. djafr.] Strong; powerful; fierce. [Obs.] -- Derf"ly, adv. [Obs.]

De*ride" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derided; p. pr. & vb. n. Deriding.] [L. deridere, derisum; de- + rid&?;re to laugh. See Ridicule.] To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at.

> And the Pharisees, also, . . . derided him.

Luke xvi. 14.

> Sport that wrinkled Care derides.
> And Laughter holding both his sides.

Milton.

Syn. -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally. -- To Deride, Ridicule, Mock, Taunt. A man may ridicule without any unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; as, to ridicule the follies of the age. He who derides is actuated by a severe a contemptuous spirit; as, to deride one for his religious principles. To mock is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; as, to mock at sin. To taunt is to reproach with the keenest insult; as, to taunt one for his misfortunes. Ridicule consists more in words than in actions; derision and mockery evince themselves in actions as well as words; taunts are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.

De*rid"er (?), n. One who derides, or laughs at, another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer.

De*rid"ing*ly, adv. By way of derision or mockery.

De*ri"sion (?), n. [L. derisio: cf. F. dérision. See Deride.] 1. The act of deriding, or the state of being derided; mockery; scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule.

> He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall have them in derision.

Ps. ii. 4.

> Satan beheld their plight,
> And to his mates thus in derision called.

Milton.

2. An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.

> I was a derision to all my people.

Lam. iii. 14.

Syn. -- Scorn; mockery; contempt; insult; ridicule.

De*ri"sive (?), a. Expressing, serving for, or characterized by, derision. "Derisive taunts." Pope. -- De*ri"sive*ly, adv. -- De*ri"sive*ness, n.

De*ri"so*ry (?), a. [L. derisorius: cf. F. dérisoire.] Derisive; mocking. Shaftesbury.

De*riv"a*ble (?), a. [From Derive.] That can be derived; obtainable by transmission; capable of being known by inference, as from premises or data; capable of being traced, as from a radical; as, income is derivable from various sources.

> All honor derivable upon me.

South.

> The exquisite pleasure derivable from the true and beautiful relations of domestic life.

H. G. Bell.

> The argument derivable from the doxologies.

J. H. Newman.

De*riv"a*bly, adv. By derivation.

De*riv"al (?), n. Derivation. [R.]

> The derival of e from a.

Earle.

Der"i*vate (?), a. [L. derivatus, p. p. of derivare. See Derive.] Derived; derivative. [R.] H. Taylor. -- n. A thing derived; a derivative. [R.]

Der"i*vate (?), v. t. To derive. [Obs.] Huloet.

Der`i*va"tion (?), n. [L. derivatio: cf. F. dérivation. See Derive.] 1. A leading or drawing off of water from a stream or source. [Obs.] T. Burnet.

2. The act of receiving anything from a source; the act of procuring an effect from a cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, conclusions or opinions from evidence.

> As touching traditional communication, . . . I do not doubt but many of those truths have had the help of that derivation.

Sir M. Hale.

3. The act of tracing origin or descent, as in grammar or genealogy; as, the derivation of a word from an Aryan root.

4. The state or method of being derived; the relation of origin when established or asserted.

5. That from which a thing is derived.

6. That which is derived; a derivative; a deduction.

> From the Euphrates into an artificial derivation of that river.

Gibbon.

7. (Math.) The operation of deducing one function from another according to some fixed law, called the law of derivation, as the operation of differentiation or of integration.

8. (Med.) A drawing of humors or fluids from one part of the body to another, to relieve or lessen a morbid process.

Der`i*va"tion*al (?), a. Relating to derivation. Earle.

De*riv"a*tive (?), a. [L. derivativus: cf. F. dérivatif.] Obtained by derivation; derived; not radical, original, or fundamental; originating, deduced, or formed from something else; secondary; as, a derivative conveyance; a derivative word.

Derivative circulation, a modification of the circulation found in some parts of the body, in which the arteries empty directly into the veins without the interposition of capillaries. Flint.

-- De*riv"a*tive*ly, adv. -- De*riv"a*tive*ness, n.

De*riv"a*tive, n. 1. That which is derived; anything obtained or deduced from another.

2. (Gram.) A word formed from another word, by a prefix or suffix, an internal modification, or some other change; a word which takes its origin from a root.

3. (Mus.) A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by inversion; or, vice versa, a ground tone or root implied in its harmonics in an actual chord.

4. (Med.) An agent which is adapted to produce a derivation (in the medical sense).

5. (Math.) A derived function; a function obtained from a given function by a certain algebraic process.

Except in the mode of derivation the derivative is the same as the differential coefficient. See Differential coefficient, under Differential.

6. (Chem.) A substance so related to another substance by modification or partial substitution as to be regarded as derived from it; thus, the amido compounds are derivatives of ammonia, and the hydrocarbons are derivatives of methane, benzene, etc.

De*rive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deriving.] [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.] 1. To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [Obs.]

> For fear it [water] choke up the pits . . . they [the workman] derive it by other drains.

Holland.

> Her due loves derived to that vile witch's share.

Spenser.

> Derived to us by tradition from Adam to Noah.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To receive, as from a source or origin; to obtain by descent or by transmission; to draw; to deduce; -- followed by from.

<! p. 396 !>

3. To trace the origin, descent, or derivation of; to recognize transmission of; as, he derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon.

> From these two causes . . . an ancient set of physicians derived all diseases.

Arbuthnot.

4. (Chem.) To obtain one substance from another by actual or theoretical substitution; as, to derive an organic acid from its corresponding hydrocarbon.

Syn. -- To trace; deduce; infer.

De*rive" (?), v. i. To flow; to have origin; to descend; to proceed; to be deduced. Shak.

> Power from heaven
> Derives, and monarchs rule by gods appointed.

Prior.

De*rive"ment (?), n. That which is derived; deduction; inference. [Obs.]

> I offer these derivements from these subjects.

W. Montagu.

De*riv"er (?), n. One who derives.

Derk (?), a. Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-derm (?). [See Derm, n.] A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms, and signifying skin, integument, covering; as, blastoderm, ectoderm, etc.

Derm (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin, fr. &?; to skin, flay: cf. F. derme. See Tear, v. t.] 1. The integument of animal; the skin.

2. (Anat.) See Dermis.

||Der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) See Dermis.

Derm"al (?), a. [From Derm.] 1. Pertaining to the integument or skin of animals; dermic; as, the dermal secretions.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis or true skin.

||Der*map"te*ra (?), Der*map"ter*an (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) See Dermoptera, Dermopteran.

{ Der*mat"ic (?), Der"ma*tine (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; skin.] Of or pertaining to the skin.

Der`ma*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the skin.

Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.) Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.

Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.) Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.

Der*ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -graphy.] An anatomical description of, or treatise on, the skin.

Der"ma*toid (?), a. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -oid: cf. F. dermatoïde. Cf. Dermoid.] Resembling skin; skinlike.

Der`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in dermatology.

Der`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + -logy: cf. F. dermatologie.] The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases.

Der`ma*to*path"ic (?), a. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + pa`qos suffering.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to skin diseases, or their cure.

Der*mat"o*phyte (dr*mt"*ft or dr"m*t*ft), n. [Gr. de`rma, -atos, skin + fyto`n plant.] (Med.) A vegetable parasite, infesting the skin.
[1913 Webster]

||Der*mes"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. dermhsth`s; de`rma skin + root of &?; to eat.] (Zoöl.) A genus of coleopterous insects, the larvæ of which feed animal substances. They are very destructive to dries meats, skins, woolens, and furs. The most common species is D. lardarius, known as the bacon beetle.

Der*mes"toid (?), a. [Dermestes + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to or resembling the genus Dermestes.

> The carpet beetle, called the buffalo moth, is a dermestoid beetle.

Pop. Sci. Monthly.

Der"mic (?), a. 1. Relating to the derm or skin.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis; dermal.

> Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.

Huxley.

Dermic remedies (Med.), such as act through the skin.

||Der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or epidermis; -- called also true skin, derm, derma, corium, cutis, and enderon. See Skin, and Illust. in Appendix.

||Der`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of nudibranch mollusks without special gills.

Der`mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Derm + branchiate.] (Zoöl.) Having the skin modified to serve as a gill.

Der`mo*hæ"mal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and hæmal structures; as, the dermohæmal spines or ventral fin rays of fishes.

Der"moid (?), a. [Derm + - oid: cf. F. dermoïde.] Same as Dermatoid.

Dermoid cyst (Med.), a cyst containing skin, or structures connected with skin, such as hair.

Der`mo*neu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and neural structures; as, the dermoneural spines or dorsal fin rays of fishes. Owen.

Der`mo*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Dermatopathic.

Der"mo*phyte (?), n. A dermatophyte.

||Der*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; skin + &?; wing.] 1. (Zoöl.) The division of insects which includes the earwigs (Forticulidæ).

2. (Zoöl.) A group of lemuroid mammals having a parachutelike web of skin between the fore and hind legs, of which the colugo (Galeopithecus) is the type. See Colugo.

3. (Zoöl.) An order of Mammalia; the Cheiroptera.

[Written also Dermaptera, and Dermatoptera.]

Der*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An insect which has the anterior pair of wings coriaceous, and does not use them in flight, as the earwig.

||Der*mop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Dermopterygii.

||Der*mop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; skin + &?; wing, fin, dim. of &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) A group of fishlike animals including the Marsipobranchiata and Leptocardia.

Der`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Derm + skeleton.] (Anat.) See Exoskeleton.

||Der`mos*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; skin + &?; bone.] (Physiol.) Ossification of the dermis.

Dern (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A gatepost or doorpost. [Local Eng.] C. Kingsley.

Dern, a. [See Dearn, a.] 1. Hidden; concealed; secret. [Obs.] "Ye must be full dern." Chaucer.

2. Solitary; sad. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Derne (?), v. t. & i. [AS. dyrnan to hide. See Dern, a., Dearn, a.] To hide; to skulk. [Scot.]

> He at length escaped them by derning himself in a foxearth.

H. Miller.

Dern"ful (?), a. Secret; hence, lonely; sad; mournful. [Obs.] "Dernful noise." Spenser.

||Der`nier" (?), a. [F., from OF. darrein, derrain. See Darrein.] Last; final.

Dernier ressort (&?;) [F.], last resort or expedient.

Dern"ly (?), adv. Secretly; grievously; mournfully. [Obs.] Spenser.

Der"o*gant (?), a. [L. derogans, p. pr.] Derogatory. [R.] T. Adams.

Der"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Derogating (?).] [L. derogatus, p. p. of derogare to derogate; de- + rogare to ask, to ask the people about a law. See Rogation.] 1. To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; -- said of a law.

> By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated.

Sir M. Hale.

2. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said of a person or thing. [R.]

> Anything . . . that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and his name.

Sir T. More.

Der"o*gate (?), v. i. 1. To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with from.

> If we did derogate from them whom their industry hath made great.

Hooker.

> It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity.

Burke.

2. To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate. [R.]

> You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not derogate.

Shak.

> Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors? Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line?

Hazlitt.

Der"o*gate (?), n. [L. derogatus, p. p.] Diminished in value; dishonored; degraded. [R.] Shak.

Der"o*gate*ly, adv. In a derogatory manner.

Der`o*ga"tion (?), n. [L. derogatio: cf. F. dérogation.] 1. The act of derogating, partly repealing, or lessening in value; disparagement; detraction; depreciation; -- followed by of, from, or to.

> I hope it is no derogation to the Christian religion.

Locke.

> He counted it no derogation of his manhood to be seen to weep.

F. W. Robertson.

2. (Stock Exch.) An alteration of, or subtraction from, a contract for a sale of stocks.

De*rog"a*tive (?), a. Derogatory. -- De*rog"a*tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Der"o*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] A detractor.

De*rog"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a derogatory manner; disparagingly. Aubrey.

De*rog"a*to*ri*ness, n. Quality of being derogatory.

De*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to derogate, or lessen in value; expressing derogation; detracting; injurious; -- with from, to, or unto.

> Acts of Parliament derogatory from the power of subsequent Parliaments bind not.

Blackstone.

> His language was severely censured by some of his brother peers as derogatory to their order.

Macaulay.

Derogatory clause in a testament (Law), a sentence of secret character inserted by the testator alone, of which he reserves the knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will he may make thereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for word; -- a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by violence, or obtained by suggestion.

||Der`o*tre"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. de`ros skin + &?;, &?;, hole.] (Zoöl.) The tribe of aquatic Amphibia which includes Amphiuma, Menopoma, etc. They have permanent gill openings, but no external gills; -- called also Cryptobranchiata. [Written also Derotrema.]

Der"re (?), a. Dearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Der"rick (?), n. [Orig., a gallows, from a hangman named Derrick. The name is of Dutch origin; D. Diederik, Dierryk, prop. meaning, chief of the people; cf. AS. peódric, E. Theodoric, G. Dietrich. See Dutch, and Rich.] A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in building.

Derrick crane, a combination of the derrick and the crane, having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load horizontally.

Der"ring, a. Daring or warlike. [Obs.]

> Drad for his derring doe and bloody deed.

Spenser.

Der"rin*ger (?), n. [From the American inventor.] A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber, often carrying a half-ounce ball.

Derth (?), n. Dearth; scarcity. [Obs.] Spenser.

||Der`tro*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; beak + &?; box, case.] (Zoöl.) The horny covering of the end of the bill of birds.

{ Der"vish (?), Der"vise (?), Der"vis (?), } n. [Per. derwsch, fr. OPer. derew to beg, ask alms: cf. F. derviche.] A Turkish or Persian monk, especially one who professes extreme poverty and leads an austere life.

Der"worth (dr"wrth), a. [AS. deórwurþe, lit., dearworth.] Precious. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Des"cant (ds"knt), n. [OF. descant, deschant, F. déchant, discant, LL. discantus, fr. L. dis + cantus singing, melody, fr. canere to sing. See Chant, and cf. Descant, v. i., Discant.] 1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, a double song; a melody or counterpoint sung above the plain song of the tenor; a variation of an air; a variation by ornament of the main subject or plain song. (b) The upper voice in part music. (c) The canto, cantus, or soprano voice; the treble. Grove.

> Twenty doctors expound one text twenty ways, as children make descant upon plain song.

Tyndale.

> She [the nightingale] all night long her amorous descant sung.

Milton.

The term has also been used synonymously with counterpoint, or polyphony, which developed out of the French déchant, of the 12th century.

2. A discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a musical air; a comment or comments.

> Upon that simplest of themes how magnificent a descant!

De Quincey.

Des*cant" (ds*knt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Descanting.] [From descant; n.; or directly fr. OF. descanter, deschanter; L. dis- + cantare to sing.] 1. To sing a variation or accomplishment.

2. To comment freely; to discourse with fullness and particularity; to discourse at large.

> A virtuous man should be pleased to find people descanting on his actions.

Addison.

Des*cant"er (?), n. One who descants.

De*scend" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Descended; p. pr. & vb. n. Descending.] [F. descendre, L. descendere, descensum; de- + scandere to climb. See Scan.] 1. To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to plunge; to fall; to incline downward; -- the opposite of ascend.

> The rain descended, and the floods came.

Matt. vii. 25.

> We will here descend to matters of later date.

Fuller.

2. To enter mentally; to retire. [Poetic]

> [He] with holiest meditations fed,
> Into himself descended.

Milton.

3. To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence; -- with on or upon.

> And on the suitors let thy wrath descend.

Pope.

4. To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous, or worse, state or station; to lower or abase one's self; as, he descended from his high estate.

5. To pass from the more general or important to the particular or less important matters to be considered.

6. To come down, as from a source, original, or stock; to be derived; to proceed by generation or by transmission; to fall or pass by inheritance; as, the beggar may descend from a prince; a crown descends to the heir.

7. (Anat.) To move toward the south, or to the southward.

8. (Mus.) To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.

De*scend" (?), v. t. To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of; as, they descended the river in boats; to descend a ladder.

> But never tears his cheek descended.

Byron.

De*scend"ant (?), a. [F. descendant, p. pr. of descendre. Cf. Descendent.] Descendent.

De*scend"ant, n. One who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to ancestor or ascendant.

> Our first parents and their descendants.

Hale.

> The descendant of so many kings and emperors.

Burke.

De*scend"ent (?), a. [L. descendens, -entis, p. pr. of descendre. Cf. Descendant.] Descending; falling; proceeding from an ancestor or source.

> More than mortal grace
> Speaks thee descendent of ethereal race.

Pope.

De*scend"er (?), n. One who descends.

De*scend`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being descendible; capability of being transmitted from ancestors; as, the descendibility of an estate.

De*scend"i*ble (?), a. 1. Admitting descent; capable of being descended.

2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. "A descendant estate." Sir W. Jones.

De*scend"ing, a. Of or pertaining to descent; moving downwards.

Descending constellations or signs (Astron.), those through which the planets descent toward the south. -- Descending node (Astron.), that point in a planet's orbit where it intersects the ecliptic in passing southward. -- Descending series (Math.), a series in which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding one; also, a series arranged according to descending powers of a quantity.

De*scend"ing*ly, adv. In a descending manner.

De*scen"sion (?), n. [OF. descension, L. descensio. See Descent.] The act of going downward; descent; falling or sinking; declension; degradation.

Oblique descension (Astron.), the degree or arc of the equator which descends, with a celestial object, below the horizon of an oblique sphere. -- Right descension, the degree or arc of the equator which descends below the horizon of a right sphere at the same time with the object. [Obs.]

<! p. 397 !>

De*scen"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to descension. Johnson.

De*scen"sive (?), a. Tending to descend; tending downwards; descending. Smart.

De*scen"so*ry (?), n. [NL. descensorium: cf. OF. descensoire. See Descend.] A vessel used in alchemy to extract oils.

De*scent" (?), n. [F. descente, fr. descendre; like vente, from vendre. See Descend.] 1. The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from higher to lower.

2. Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -- often followed by upon or on; as, to make a descent upon the enemy.

> The United Provinces . . . ordered public prayer to God, when they feared that the French and English fleets would make a descent upon their coasts.

Jortin.

3. Progress downward, as in station, virtue, as in station, virtue, and the like, from a higher to a lower state, from a higher to a lower state, from the more to the less important, from the better to the worse, etc.

2. Derivation, as from an ancestor; procedure by generation; lineage; birth; extraction. Dryden.

5. (Law) Transmission of an estate by inheritance, usually, but not necessarily, in the descending line; title to inherit an estate by reason of consanguinity. Abbott.

6. Inclination downward; a descending way; inclined or sloping surface; declivity; slope; as, a steep descent.

7. That which is descended; descendants; issue.

> If care of our descent perplex us most,
> Which must be born to certain woe.

Milton.

8. A step or remove downward in any scale of gradation; a degree in the scale of genealogy; a generation.

> No man living is a thousand descents removed from Adam himself.

Hooker.

9. Lowest place; extreme downward place. [R.]

> And from the extremest upward of thy head,
> To the descent and dust below thy foot.

Shak. 10. (Mus.) A passing from a higher to a lower tone.

Syn. -- Declivity; slope; degradation; extraction; lineage; assault; invasion; attack.

De*scrib"a*ble (?), a. That can be described; capable of description.

De*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Described (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Describing.] [L. describere, descriptum; de- + scribere to write: cf. OE. descriven, OF. descrivre, F. décrire. See Scribe, and cf. Descry.] 1. To represent by drawing; to draw a plan of; to delineate; to trace or mark out; as, to describe a circle by the compasses; a torch waved about the head in such a way as to describe a circle.

2. To represent by words written or spoken; to give an account of; to make known to others by words or signs; as, the geographer describes countries and cities.

3. To distribute into parts, groups, or classes; to mark off; to class. [Obs.]

> Passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book.

Josh. xviii. 9.

Syn. -- To set forth; represent; delineate; relate; recount; narrate; express; explain; depict; portray; chracterize.

De*scribe", v. i. To use the faculty of describing; to give a description; as, Milton describes with uncommon force and beauty.

De*scrib"ent (?), n. [L. describens, p. pr. of describere.] (Geom.) Same as Generatrix.

De*scrib"er (?), n. One who describes.

De*scri"er (?), n. One who descries.

De*scrip"tion (?), n. [F. description, L. descriptio. See Describe.] 1. The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.

2. A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities of a thing or species.

> Milton has descriptions of morning.

D. Webster.

3. A class to which a certain representation is applicable; kind; sort.

> A difference . . . between them and another description of public creditors.

A. Hamilton.

> The plates were all of the meanest description.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Account; definition; recital; relation; detail; narrative; narration; explanation; delineation; representation; kind; sort. See Definition.

De*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. descriptivus: cf. F. descriptif.] Tending to describe; having the quality of representing; containing description; as, a descriptive figure; a descriptive phrase; a descriptive narration; a story descriptive of the age.

Descriptive anatomy, that part of anatomy which treats of the forms and relations of parts, but not of their textures. -- Descriptive geometry, that branch of geometry. which treats of the graphic solution of problems involving three dimensions, by means of projections upon auxiliary planes. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )

-- De*scrip"tive*ly, adv. -- De*scrip"tive*ness, n.

De*scrive" (?), v. t. [OF. descrivre. See Describe.] To describe. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*scry" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Descried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Descrying.] [OE. descrien, discrien, to espy, prob. from the proclaiming of what was espied, fr. OF. descrier to proclaim, cry down, decry, F. décrier. The word was confused somewhat with OF. descriven, E. describe, OF. descrivre, from L. describere. See Decry.] 1. To spy out or discover by the eye, as objects distant or obscure; to espy; to recognize; to discern; to discover.

> And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel.

Judg. i. 23.

> Edmund, I think, is gone . . . to descry
> The strength o' the enemy.

Shak.

> And now their way to earth they had descried.

Milton.

2. To discover; to disclose; to reveal. [R.]

> His purple robe he had thrown aside, lest it should descry him.

Milton.

Syn. -- To see; behold; espy; discover; discern.

De*scry" (?), n. Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance. [Obs.]

> Near, and on speedy foot; the main descry
> Stands on the hourly thought.

Shak.

Des"e*cate (?), v. t. [L. desecare to cut off.] To cut, as with a scythe; to mow. [Obs.]

Des"e*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desecrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Desecrating (?).] [L. desecratus, p. p. of desecrare (also desacrare) to consecrate, dedicate; but taken in the sense if to divest of a sacred character; de- + sacrare to consecrate, fr. sacer sacred. See Sacred.] To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an unworthy use; -- the opposite of consecrate.

> The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being previously desecrated.

W. Tooke.

> The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should desecrate their donations.

Salmon.

Des"e*cra`ter (?), n. One who desecrates; a profaner. Harper's Mag.

Des`e*cra"tion (?), n. The act of desecrating; profanation; condition of anything desecrated.

Des"e*cra`tor (?), n. One who desecrates. "Desecrators of the church." Morley.

De*seg`men*ta"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The loss or obliteration of division into segments; as, a desegmentation of the body.

De*sert" (d*zrt"), n. [OF. deserte, desserte, merit, recompense, fr. deservir, desservir, to merit. See Deserve.] That which is deserved; the reward or the punishment justly due; claim to recompense, usually in a good sense; right to reward; merit.

> According to their deserts will I judge them.

Ezek. vii. 27.

> Andronicus, surnamed Pius
> For many good and great deserts to Rome.

Shak.

> His reputation falls far below his desert.

A. Hamilton.

Syn. -- Merit; worth; excellence; due.

Des"ert (dz"rt), n. [F. désert, L. desertum, from desertus solitary, desert, pp. of deserere to desert; de- + serere to join together. See Series.] 1. A deserted or forsaken region; a barren tract incapable of supporting population, as the vast sand plains of Asia and Africa which are destitute of moisture and vegetation.

> A dreary desert and a gloomy waste.

Pope.

2. A tract, which may be capable of sustaining a population, but has been left unoccupied and uncultivated; a wilderness; a solitary place.

> He will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the Lord.

Is. li. 3.

Also figuratively.

> Before her extended
> Dreary and vast and silent, the desert of life.

Longfellow.

Des"ert, a. [Cf. L. desertus, p. p. of deserere, and F. désert. See 2d Desert.] Of or pertaining to a desert; forsaken; without life or cultivation; unproductive; waste; barren; wild; desolate; solitary; as, they landed on a desert island.

> He . . . went aside privately into a desert place.

Luke ix. 10.

> Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
> And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

Gray.

Desert flora (Bot.), the assemblage of plants growing naturally in a desert, or in a dry and apparently unproductive place. -- Desert hare (Zoöl.), a small hare (Lepus sylvaticus, var. Arizonæ) inhabiting the deserts of the Western United States. -- Desert mouse (Zoöl.), an American mouse (Hesperomys eremicus), living in the Western deserts.

De*sert" (d*zrt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Deserting.] [Cf. L. desertus, p. p. of deserere to desert, F. déserter. See 2d Desert.] 1. To leave (especially something which one should stay by and support); to leave in the lurch; to abandon; to forsake; -- implying blame, except sometimes when used of localities; as, to desert a friend, a principle, a cause, one's country. "The deserted fortress." Prescott.

2. (Mil.) To abandon (the service) without leave; to forsake in violation of duty; to abscond from; as, to desert the army; to desert one's colors.

De*sert", v. i. To abandon a service without leave; to quit military service without permission, before the expiration of one's term; to abscond.

> The soldiers . . . deserted in numbers.

Bancroft.

Syn. -- To abandon; forsake; leave; relinquish; renounce; quit; depart from; abdicate. See Abandon.

De*sert"er (d*zrt"r), n. One who forsakes a duty, a cause or a party, a friend, or any one to whom he owes service; especially, a soldier or a seaman who abandons the service without leave; one guilty of desertion.

De*sert"ful (?), a. Meritorious. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

De*ser"tion (d*zr"shn), n. [L. desertio: cf. F. désertion.] 1. The act of deserting or forsaking; abandonment of a service, a cause, a party, a friend, or any post of duty; the quitting of one's duties willfully and without right; esp., an absconding from military or naval service.

> Such a resignation would have seemed to his superior a desertion or a reproach.

Bancroft.

2. The state of being forsaken; desolation; as, the king in his desertion.

3. Abandonment by God; spiritual despondency.

> The spiritual agonies of a soul under desertion.

South.

De*sert"less (?), a. Without desert. [R.]

De*sert"less*ly, adv. Undeservedly. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Des"ert*ness (?), n. A deserted condition. [R.] "The desertness of the country." Udall.

{ De*sert"rix (?), De*sert"rice (?), } n. [L. desertrix.] A feminine deserter. Milton.

De*serve" (d*zrv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deserving.] [OF. deservir, desservir, to merit, L. deservire to serve zealously, be devoted to; de- + servire to serve. See Serve.] 1. To earn by service; to be worthy of (something due, either good or evil); to merit; to be entitled to; as, the laborer deserves his wages; a work of value deserves praise.

> God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.

Job xi. 6.

> John Gay deserved to be a favorite.

Thackeray.

> Encouragement is not held out to things that deserve reprehension.

Burke.

2. To serve; to treat; to benefit. [Obs.]

> A man that hath
> So well deserved me.

Massinger.

De*serve" (d*zrv"), v. i. To be worthy of recompense; -- usually with ill or with well.

> One man may merit or deserve of another.

South.

De*serv"ed*ly (-zrv"d*l>ycr/), adv. According to desert (whether good or evil); justly.

De*serv"ed*ness, n. Meritoriousness.

De*serv"er (?), n. One who deserves.

De*serv"ing, n. Desert; merit.

> A person of great deservings from the republic.

Swift.

De*serv"ing, a. Meritorious; worthy; as, a deserving person or act. -- De*serv"ing*ly, adv.

Des`ha*bille (?), n. [F. déshabillé, fr. déshabiller to undress; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + habiller to dress. See Habiliment, and cf. Dishabille.] An undress; a careless toilet.

De*sic"cant (?), a. [L. desiccans, p. pr. of desiccare. See Desiccate.] Drying; desiccative. -- n. (Med.) A medicine or application for drying up a sore. Wiseman.

Des"ic*cate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desiccated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desiccating.] [L. desiccatus, p. p. of desiccare to dry up; de- + siccare to dry, siccus dry. See Sack wine.] To dry up; to deprive or exhaust of moisture; to preserve by drying; as, to desiccate fish or fruit.

> Bodies desiccated by heat or age.

Bacon.

Des"ic*cate, v. i. To become dry.

Des`ic*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dessiccation.] The act of desiccating, or the state of being desiccated.

De*sic"ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dessicatif.] Drying; tending to dry. Ferrand. -- n. (Med.) An application for drying up secretions.

Des"ic*ca`tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, desiccates.

2. (Chem.) A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as sulphuric acid or calcium chloride, above which is suspended the material to be dried, or preserved from moisture.

De*sic"ca*to*ry (?), a. Desiccative.

De*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. Desirable. [R.] "Good and desiderable things." Holland.

||De*sid`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. See Desideratum.

De*sid"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desiderated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desiderating.] [L. desideratus, p. p. of desiderare to desire, miss. See Desire, and cf. Desideratum.] To desire; to feel the want of; to lack; to miss; to want.

> Pray have the goodness to point out one word missing that ought to have been there -- please to insert a desiderated stanza. You can not.

Prof. Wilson.

> Men were beginning . . . to desiderate for them an actual abode of fire.

A. W. Ward.

De*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. desideratio.] Act of desiderating; also, the thing desired. [R.] Jeffrey.

De*sid"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. desiderativus.] Denoting desire; as, desiderative verbs.

De*sid"er*a*tive, n. 1. An object of desire.

2. (Gram.) A verb formed from another verb by a change of termination, and expressing the desire of doing that which is indicated by the primitive verb.

||De*sid`e*ra"tum (?), n.; pl. Desiderata (#). [L., fr. desideratus, p. p. See Desiderate.] Anything desired; that of which the lack is felt; a want generally felt and acknowledge.

{ De*sid"i*ose` (?), De*sid"i*ous (?), } a. [L. desidiosus, fr. desidia a sitting idle, fr. desid&?;re to sit idle; de- + sed&?;re to sit.] Idle; lazy. [Obs.]

De*sid"i*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being desidiose, or indolent. [Obs.] N. Bacon.

De*sight" (?), n. [Pref. de- + sight.] An unsightly object. [Obs.]

De*sight"ment (?), n. The act of making unsightly; disfigurement. [R.]

> To substitute jury masts at whatever desightment or damage in risk.

London Times.

De*sign" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Designed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Designing.] [F. désigner to designate, cf. F. dessiner to draw, dessin drawing, dessein a plan or scheme; all, ultimately, from L. designare to designate; de- + signare to mark, mark out, signum mark, sign. See Sign, and cf. Design, n., Designate.] 1. To draw preliminary outline or main features of; to sketch for a pattern or model; to delineate; to trace out; to draw. Dryden.

2. To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint.

> We shall see
> Justice design the victor's chivalry.

Shak.

> Meet me to-morrow where the master
> And this fraternity shall design.

Beau. & Fl.

3. To create or produce, as a work of art; to form a plan or scheme of; to form in idea; to invent; to project; to lay out in the mind; as, a man designs an essay, a poem, a statue, or a cathedral.

4. To intend or purpose; -- usually with for before the remote object, but sometimes with to.

> Ask of politicians the end for which laws were originally designed.

Burke.

> He was designed to the study of the law.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To sketch; plan; purpose; intend; propose; project; mean.

De*sign", v. i. To form a design or designs; to plan.

Design for, to intend to go to. [Obs.] "From this city she designed for Collin [Cologne]." Evelyn.

<! p. 398 !>

De*sign" (?), n. [Cf. dessein, dessin.] 1. A preliminary sketch; an outline or pattern of the main features of something to be executed, as of a picture, a building, or a decoration; a delineation; a plan.

2. A plan or scheme formed in the mind of something to be done; preliminary conception; idea intended to be expressed in a visible form or carried into action; intention; purpose; -- often used in a bad sense for evil intention or purpose; scheme; plot.

> The vast design and purpos&?; of the King.

Tennyson.

> The leaders of that assembly who withstood the designs of a besotted woman.

Hallam.

> A . . . settled design upon another man's life.

Locke.

> How little he could guess the secret designs of the court!

Macaulay.

3. Specifically, intention or purpose as revealed or inferred from the adaptation of means to an end; as, the argument from design.

4. The realization of an inventive or decorative plan; esp., a work of decorative art considered as a new creation; conception or plan shown in completed work; as, this carved panel is a fine design, or of a fine design.

5. (Mus.) The invention and conduct of the subject; the disposition of every part, and the general order of the whole.

Arts of design, those into which the designing of artistic forms and figures enters as a principal part, as architecture, painting, engraving, sculpture. -- School of design, one in which are taught the invention and delineation of artistic or decorative figures, patterns, and the like.

Syn. -- Intention; purpose; scheme; project; plan; idea. - - Design, Intention, Purpose. Design has reference to something definitely aimed at. Intention points to the feelings or desires with which a thing is sought. Purpose has reference to a settled choice or determination for its attainment. "I had no design to injure you," means it was no part of my aim or object. "I had no intention to injure you," means, I had no wish or desire of that kind. "My purpose was directly the reverse," makes the case still stronger.

> Is he a prudent man . . . that lays designs only for a day, without any prospect to the remaining part of his life?

Tillotson.

> I wish others the same intention, and greater successes.

Sir W. Temple.

> It is the purpose that makes strong the vow.

Shak.

Des"ig*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being designated or distinctly marked out; distinguishable. Boyle.

Des"ig*nate (?), a. [L. designatus, p. p. of designare. See Design, v. t.] Designated; appointed; chosen. [R.] Sir G. Buck.

Des"ig*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Designated; p. pr. & vb. n. Designating.] 1. To mark out and make known; to point out; to name; to indicate; to show; to distinguish by marks or description; to specify; as, to designate the boundaries of a country; to designate the rioters who are to be arrested.

2. To call by a distinctive title; to name.

3. To indicate or set apart for a purpose or duty; -- with to or for; as, to designate an officer for or to the command of a post or station.

Syn. -- To name; denominate; style; entitle; characterize; describe.

Des`ig*na"tion (?), n. [L. designatio: cf. F. désignation.] 1. The act of designating; a pointing out or showing; indication.

2. Selection and appointment for a purpose; allotment; direction.

3. That which designates; a distinguishing mark or name; distinctive title; appellation.

> The usual designation of the days of the week.

Whewell.

4. Use or application; import; intention; signification, as of a word or phrase.

> Finite and infinite seem . . . to be attributed primarily, in their first designation, only to those things which have parts.

Locke.

Des"ig*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. désignatif.] Serving to designate or indicate; pointing out.

Des"ig*na`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who assigned to each his rank and place in public shows and ceremonies.

2. One who designates.

Des"ig*na*to*ry (?), a. Serving to designate; designative; indicating. [R.]

De*sign"ed*ly (?), adv. By design; purposely; intentionally; -- opposed to accidentally, ignorantly, or inadvertently.

De*sign"er (?), n. 1. One who designs, marks out, or plans; a contriver.

2. (Fine Arts) One who produces or creates original works of art or decoration.

3. A plotter; a schemer; -- used in a bad sense.

De*sign"ful (?), a. Full of design; scheming. [R.] -- De*sign"ful*ness, n. [R.] Barrow.

De*sign"ing, a. Intriguing; artful; scheming; as, a designing man.

De*sign"ing, n. The act of making designs or sketches; the act of forming designs or plans.

De*sign"less, a. Without design. [Obs.] -- De*sign"less*ly, adv. [Obs.]

De*sign"ment (?), n. 1. Delineation; sketch; design; ideal; invention. [Obs.]

> For though that some mean artist's skill were shown
> In mingling colors, or in placing light,
> Yet still the fair designment was his own.

Dryden.

2. Design; purpose; scheme. [Obs.] Shak.

De*sil"ver (?), v. t. To deprive of silver; as, to desilver lead.

De*sil`ver*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or the process of freeing from silver; also, the condition resulting from the removal of silver.

De*sil"ver*ize (?), v. t. To deprive, or free from, silver; to remove silver from.

Des"i*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. désinence.] Termination; ending. Bp. Hall.

Des"i*nent (?), a. [L. desinens, p. pr. of desinere, desitum, to leave off, cease; de- + sinere to let, allow.] Ending; forming an end; lowermost. [Obs.] "Their desinent parts, fish." B. Jonson.

Des`i*nen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. désinentiel.] Terminal.

> Furthermore, b, as a desinential element, has a dynamic function.

Fitzed. Hall.

De*sip"i*ent (?), a. [L. desipiens, p. pr. of desipere to be foolish; de- + sapere to be wise.] Foolish; silly; trifling. [R.]

De*sir`a*bil"i*ty, n. The state or quality of being desirable; desirableness.

De*sir"a*ble (?), a. [F. désirable, fr. L. desiderabilis. See Desire, v. t.] Worthy of desire or longing; fitted to excite desire or a wish to possess; pleasing; agreeable.

> All of them desirable young men.

Ezek. xxiii. 12.

> As things desirable excite
> Desire, and objects move the appetite.

Blackmore.

De*sir"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being desirable.

> The desirableness of the Austrian alliance.

Froude.

De*sir"a*bly, adv. In a desirable manner.

De*sire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Desiring.] [F. désirer, L. desiderare, origin uncertain, perh. fr. de- + sidus star, constellation, and hence orig., to turn the eyes from the stars. Cf. Consider, and Desiderate, and see Sidereal.] 1. To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet.

> Neither shall any man desire thy land.

Ex. xxxiv. 24.

> Ye desire your child to live.

Tennyson.

2. To express a wish for; to entreat; to request.

> Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord?

2 Kings iv. 28.

> Desire him to go in; trouble him no more.

Shak.

3. To require; to demand; to claim. [Obs.]

> A doleful case desires a doleful song.

Spenser.

4. To miss; to regret. [Obs.]

> She shall be pleasant while she lives, and desired when she dies.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To long for; hanker after; covet; wish; ask; request; solicit; entreat; beg. -- To Desire, Wish. In desire the feeling is usually more eager than in wish. "I wish you to do this" is a milder form of command than "I desire you to do this," though the feeling prompting the injunction may be the same. C. J. Smith.

De*sire", n. [F. désir, fr. désirer. See Desire, v. t.] 1. The natural longing that is excited by the enjoyment or the thought of any good, and impels to action or effort its continuance or possession; an eager wish to obtain or enjoy.

> Unspeakable desire to see and know.

Milton.

2. An expressed wish; a request; petition.

> And slowly was my mother brought
> To yield consent to my desire.

Tennyson.

3. Anything which is desired; an object of longing.

> The Desire of all nations shall come.

Hag. ii. 7.

4. Excessive or morbid longing; lust; appetite.

5. Grief; regret. [Obs.] Chapman.

Syn. -- Wish; appetency; craving; inclination; eagerness; aspiration; longing.

De*sire"ful (?), a. Filled with desire; eager. [R.]

> The desireful troops.

Godfrey (1594).

De*sire"ful*ness, n. The state of being desireful; eagerness to obtain and possess. [R.]

> The desirefulness of our minds much augmenteth and increaseth our pleasure.

Udall.

De*sire"less, a. Free from desire. Donne.

De*sir"er (?), n. One who desires, asks, or wishes.

De*sir"ous (?), a. [F. désireux, OF. desiros, fr. desir. See Desire, n.] Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; solicitous; eager to obtain; covetous.

> Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him.

John xvi. 19.

> Be not desirous of his dainties.

Prov. xxiii. 3.

De*sir"ous*ly, adv. With desire; eagerly.

De*sir"ous*ness, n. The state of being desirous.

De*sist" (?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Desisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Desisting.] [L. desistere; de- + sistere to stand, stop, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. désister. See Stand.] To cease to proceed or act; to stop; to forbear; -- often with from.

> Never desisting to do evil.

E. Hall.

> To desist from his bad practice.

Massinger.

> Desist (thou art discern'd,
> And toil'st in vain).

Milton.

De*sist"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. desistance.] The act or state of desisting; cessation. [R.] Boyle.

> If fatigue of body or brain were in every case followed by desistance . . . then would the system be but seldom out of working order.

H. Spencer.

De*sist"ive (?), a. [See Desist.] Final; conclusive; ending. [R.]

De*si"tion (?), n. [See Desinent.] An end or ending. [R.]

Des"i*tive (?), a. Final; serving to complete; conclusive. [Obs.] "Desitive propositions." I. Watts.

Des"i*tive, n. (Logic) A proposition relating to or expressing an end or conclusion. [Obs.] I. Watts.

Desk (?), n. [OE. deske, the same word as dish, disk. See Dish, and cf. Disk.] 1. A table, frame, or case, usually with sloping top, but often with flat top, for the use writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath.

2. A reading table or lectern to support the book from which the liturgical service is read, differing from the pulpit from which the sermon is preached; also (esp. in the United States), a pulpit. Hence, used symbolically for "the clerical profession."

Desk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Desking.] To shut up, as in a desk; to treasure.

Desk"work` (?), n. Work done at a desk, as by a clerk or writer. Tennyson.

Des"man (ds"man), n. [Cf. Sw. desman musk.] (Zoöl.) An amphibious, insectivorous mammal found in Russia (Myogale moschata). It is allied to the moles, but is called muskrat by some English writers. [Written also dæsman.]

{ Des"mid (?), Des*mid"i*an (?), } n. [Gr. desmo`s chain + e'i^dos form.] (Bot.) A microscopic plant of the family Desmidiæ, a group of unicellular algæ in which the species have a greenish color, and the cells generally appear as if they consisted of two coalescing halves.

Des"mine (?), n. [Gr. de`smh, desmo`s, bundle, fr. dei^n to bind.] (Min.) Same as Stilbite. It commonly occurs in bundles or tufts of crystals.

||Des`mo*bac*te"ri*a (ds`m*bk*t"r*), n. pl. [Gr. desmo`s bond + E. bacteria.] See Microbacteria.

Des"mo*dont (-dnt), n. [Gr. desmo`s bond + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Zoöl.) A member of a group of South American blood-sucking bats, of the genera Desmodus and Diphylla. See Vampire.

Des*mog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr. desmo`s bond + gna`qos jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the maxillo-palatine bones united; -- applied to a group of carinate birds (Desmognathæ), including various wading and swimming birds, as the ducks and herons, and also raptorial and other kinds.

Des"moid (?), a. [Gr. desmo`s ligament + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling, or having the characteristics of, a ligament; ligamentous.

Des*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. desmo`s ligament + -logy.] The science which treats of the ligaments. [R.]

||Des`mo*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bond + &?; muscle.] (Zoöl.) The division of Tunicata which includes the Salpæ. See Salpa.

||Des"o*late (?), a. [L. desolatus, p. p. of desolare to leave alone, forsake; de- + solare to make lonely, solus alone. See Sole, a.] 1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; deserted; uninhabited; hence, gloomy; as, a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness; a desolate house.

> I will make Jerusalem . . . a den of dragons, and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant.

Jer. ix. 11.

> And the silvery marish flowers that throng
> The desolate creeks and pools among.

Tennyson.

2. Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; as, desolate altars.

3. Left alone; forsaken; lonely; comfortless.

> Have mercy upon, for I am desolate.

Ps. xxv. 16.

> Voice of the poor and desolate.

Keble.

4. Lost to shame; dissolute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Destitute of; lacking in. [Obs.]

> I were right now of tales desolate.

Chaucer.

Syn. -- Desert; uninhabited; lonely; waste.

Des"o*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desolating.] 1. To make desolate; to leave alone; to deprive of inhabitants; as, the earth was nearly desolated by the flood.

2. To lay waste; to ruin; to ravage; as, a fire desolates a city.

> Constructed in the very heart of a desolating war.

Sparks.

Des"o*late*ly (?), adv. In a desolate manner.

Des"o*late*ness, n. The state of being desolate.

Des"o*la`ter (?), n. One who, or that which, desolates or lays waste. Mede.

Des`o*la"tion (?), n. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.] 1. The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation.

> Unto the end of the war desolations are determined.

Dan. ix. 26.

2. The state of being desolated or laid waste; ruin; solitariness; destitution; gloominess.

> You would have sold your king to slaughter, . . .
> And his whole kingdom into desolation.

Shak.

3. A place or country wasted and forsaken.

> How is Babylon become a desolation!

Jer. l. 23.

Syn. -- Waste; ruin; destruction; havoc; devastation; ravage; sadness; destitution; melancholy; gloom; gloominess.

Des"o*la`tor (?), n. [L.] Same as Desolater. Byron.

Des"o*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. desolatorius.] Causing desolation. [R.] Bp. Hall.

De`so*phis"ti*cate (?), v. t. To clear from sophism or error. [R.] Hare.

Des`ox*al"ic (?), a. [F. pref. des- from + E. oxalic.] (Chem.) Made or derived from oxalic acid; as, desoxalic acid.

De*spair" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Despaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Despairing.] [OE. despeiren, dispeiren, OF. desperer, fr. L. desperare; de- + sperare to hope; akin to spes hope, and perh. to spatium space, E. space, speed; cf. OF. espeir hope, F. espoir. Cf. Prosper, Desperate.] To be hopeless; to have no hope; to give up all hope or expectation; -- often with of.

> We despaired even of life.

2 Cor. i. 8.

> Never despair of God's blessings here.

Wake.

Syn. -- See Despond.

De*spair", v. t. 1. To give up as beyond hope or expectation; to despair of. [Obs.]

> I would not despair the greatest design that could be attempted.

Milton.

2. To cause to despair. [Obs.] Sir W. Williams.

De*spair", n. [Cf. OF. despoir, fr. desperer.] 1. Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.

> We in dark dreams are tossing to and fro,
> Pine with regret, or sicken with despair.

Keble.

> Before he [Bunyan] was ten, his sports were interrupted by fits of remorse and despair.

Macaulay.

<! p. 399 !>

2. That which is despaired of. "The mere despair of surgery he cures." Shak.

Syn. -- Desperation; despondency; hopelessness.

De*spair"er (?), n. One who despairs.

De*spair"ful (?), a. Hopeless. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*spair"ing, a. Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless. -- De*spair"ing*ly, adv. -- De*spair"ing*ness, n.

De*spar"ple (?), v. t. & i. [OF. desparpeillier.] To scatter; to disparkle. [Obs.] Mandeville.

De*spatch" (?), n. & v. Same as Dispatch.

De`spe*cif"i*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. de- (intens.) + specificate.] To discriminate; to separate according to specific signification or qualities; to specificate; to desynonymize. [R.]

> Inaptitude and ineptitude have been usefully despecificated.

Fitzed. Hall.

De*spec`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Discrimination.

De*spect" (?), n. [L. despectus, fr. despicere. See Despite, n.] Contempt. [R.] Coleridge.

De*spec"tion (?), n. [L. despectio.] A looking down; a despising. [R.] W. Montagu.

De*speed" (?), v. t. To send hastily. [Obs.]

> Despeeded certain of their crew.

Speed.

De*spend" (?), v. t. To spend; to squander. See Dispend. [Obs.]

> Some noble men in Spain can despend £50,000.

Howell.

Des`per*a"do (?), n.; pl. Desperadoes (#). [OSp. desperado, p. p. of desperar, fr. L. desperare. See Desperate.] A reckless, furious man; a person urged by furious passions, and regardless of consequence; a wild ruffian.

Des"per*ate (?), a. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.] 1. Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [Obs.]

> I am desperate of obtaining her.

Shak.

2. Beyond hope; causing despair; extremely perilous; irretrievable; past cure, or, at least, extremely dangerous; as, a desperate disease; desperate fortune.

3. Proceeding from, or suggested by, despair; without regard to danger or safety; reckless; furious; as, a desperate effort. "Desperate expedients." Macaulay.

4. Extreme, in a bad sense; outrageous; -- used to mark the extreme predominance of a bad quality.

> A desperate offendress against nature.

Shak.

> The most desperate of reprobates.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Hopeless; despairing; desponding; rash; headlong; precipitate; irretrievable; irrecoverable; forlorn; mad; furious; frantic.

Des"per*ate, n. One desperate or hopeless. [Obs.]

Des"per*ate*ly, adv. In a desperate manner; without regard to danger or safety; recklessly; extremely; as, the troops fought desperately.

> She fell desperately in love with him.

Addison.

Des"per*ate*ness n. Desperation; virulence.

Des`per*a"tion (?), n. [L. desperatio: cf. OF. desperation.] 1. The act of despairing or becoming desperate; a giving up of hope.

> This desperation of success chills all our industry.

Hammond.

2. A state of despair, or utter hopeless; abandonment of hope; extreme recklessness; reckless fury.

> In the desperation of the moment, the officers even tried to cut their way through with their swords.

W. Irving.

Des`pi*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. Despicableness. [R.] Carlyle.

Des"pi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. despicabilis, fr. despicari to despise; akin to despicere. See Despise.] Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; as, a despicable man; despicable company; a despicable gift.

Syn. -- Contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; pitiful; paltry; sordid; low; base. See Contemptible.

Des"pi*ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being despicable; meanness; vileness; worthlessness.

Des"pi*ca*bly (?), adv. In a despicable or mean manner; contemptibly; as, despicably stingy.

Des*pi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. despicientia. See Despise.] A looking down; despection. [Obs.]

De*spis"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. despisable.] Despicable; contemptible. [R.]

De*spis"al (?), n. A despising; contempt. [R.]

> A despisal of religion.

South.

De*spise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Despising.] [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Despicable, Despite.] To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of.

> Fools despise wisdom and instruction.

Prov. i. 7.

> Men naturally despise those who court them, but respect those who do not give way to them.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Syn. -- To contemn; scorn; disdain; slight; undervalue. See Contemn.

De*spis"ed*ness, n. The state of being despised.

De*spise"ment (?), n. A despising. [R.] Holland.

De*spis"er (?), n. One who despises; a contemner; a scorner.

De*spis"ing*ly, adv. Contemptuously.

De*spite" (?), n. [OF. despit, F. dépit, fr. L. despectus contempt, fr. despicere. See Despise, and cf. Spite, Despect.] 1. Malice; malignity; spite; malicious anger; contemptuous hate.

> With all thy despite against the land of Israel.

Ezek. xxv. 6.

2. An act of malice, hatred, or defiance; contemptuous defiance; a deed of contempt.

> A despite done against the Most High.

Milton.

In despite, in defiance of another's power or inclination. -- In despite of, in defiance of; in spite of. See under Spite. "Seized my hand in despite of my efforts to the contrary." W. Irving. -- In your despite, in defiance or contempt of you; in spite of you. [Obs.]

De*spite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despited; p. pr. & vb. n. Despiting.] [OF. despitier, fr. L. despectare, intens. of despicere. See Despite, n.] To vex; to annoy; to offend contemptuously. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

De*spite", prep. In spite of; against, or in defiance of; notwithstanding; as, despite his prejudices.

Syn. -- See Notwithstanding.

De*spite"ful (?), a. [See Despite, and cf. Spiteful.] Full of despite; expressing malice or contemptuous hate; malicious. -- De*spite"ful*ly, adv. -- De*spite"ful*ness, n.

> Haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters.

Rom. i. 30.

> Pray for them which despitefully use you.

Matt. v. 44.

> Let us examine him with despitefulness and fortune.

Book of Wisdom ii. 19.

Des*pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. despitous, OF. despiteus, fr. despit; affected in form by E. piteous. See Despite.] Feeling or showing despite; malicious; angry to excess; cruel; contemptuous. [Obs.] "Despiteous reproaches." Holland.

Des*pit"e*ous*ly, adv. Despitefully. [Obs.]

De*spit"ous (?), a. Despiteous; very angry; cruel. [Obs.]

> He was to sinful man not despitous.

Chaucer.

- De*spit"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

De*spoil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Despoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Despoiling.] [OF. despoiller, F. dépouiller, L. despoliare, despoliatum; de- + spoliare to strip, rob, spolium spoil, booty. Cf. Spoil, Despoliation.] 1. To strip, as of clothing; to divest or unclothe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To deprive for spoil; to plunder; to rob; to pillage; to strip; to divest; -- usually followed by of.

> The clothed earth is then bare,
> Despoiled is the summer fair.

Gower.

> A law which restored to them an immense domain of which they had been despoiled.

Macaulay.

> Despoiled of innocence, of faith, of bliss.

Milton.

Syn. -- To strip; deprive; rob; bereave; rifle.

De*spoil", n. Spoil. [Obs.] Wolsey.

De*spoil"er (?), n. One who despoils.

De*spoil"ment (?), n. Despoliation. [R.]

De*spo`li*a"tion (?), n. [L. despoliatio. See Despoil.] A stripping or plundering; spoliation. Bailey.

De*spond" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Desponded; p. pr. & vb. n. Desponding.] [L. despondre, desponsum, to promise away, promise in marriage, give up, to lose (courage); de- + spondre to promise solemnly. See Sponsor.] To give up the will, courage, or spirit; to be thoroughly disheartened; to lose all courage; to become dispirited or depressed; to take an unhopeful view.

> I should despair, or at least despond.

Scott's Letters.

> Others depress their own minds, [and] despond at the first difficulty.

Locke.

> We wish that . . . desponding patriotism may turn its eyes hitherward, and be assured that the foundations of our national power still stand strong.

D. Webster.

Syn. -- Despond, Dispair. Despair implies a total loss of hope, which despond does not, at least in every case; yet despondency is often more lasting than despair, or than desperation, which impels to violent action.

De*spond" n. Despondency. [Obs.]

> The slough of despond.

Bunyan.

De*spond"ence (?), n. Despondency.

> The people, when once infected, lose their relish for happiness [and] saunter about with looks of despondence.

Goldsmith.

De*spond"en*cy (?), n. The state of desponding; loss of hope and cessation of effort; discouragement; depression or dejection of the mind.

> The unhappy prince seemed, during some days, to be sunk in despondency.

Macaulay.

De*spond"ent (?), a. [L. despondens, -entis, p. pr. of despond&?;re.] Marked by despondence; given to despondence; low-spirited; as, a despondent manner; a despondent prisoner. -- De*spond"ent*ly, adv.

De*spond"er (?), n. One who desponds.

De*spond"ing*ly, adv. In a desponding manner.

De*spon"sage (?), n. [From L. desponsus, p. p. See Despond.] Betrothal. [Obs.]

> Ethelbert . . . went peaceably to King Offa for desponsage of Athilrid, his daughter.

Foxe.

De*spon"sate (?), v. t. [L. desponsatus, p. p. of desponsare, intens. of despondere to betroth. See Despond.] To betroth. [Obs.] Johnson.

Des`pon*sa"tion (?), n. [L. desponsatio: cf. OF. desponsation.] A betrothing; betrothal. [Obs.]

> For all this desponsation of her . . . she had not set one step toward the consummation of her marriage.

Jer. Taylor.

De*spon"so*ry (?), n.; pl. Desponsories (&?;). A written pledge of marriage. Clarendon.

De*sport" (?), v. t. & i. See Disport.

Des"pot (?), n. [F. despote, LL. despotus, fr. Gr. despo`ths master, lord, the second part of which is akin to po`sis husband, and L. potens. See Potent.] 1. A master; a lord; especially, an absolute or irresponsible ruler or sovereign.

> Irresponsible power in human hands so naturally leads to it, that cruelty has become associated with despot and tyrant.

C. J. Smith.

2. One who rules regardless of a constitution or laws; a tyrant.

Des"po*tat (?), n. [Cf. F. despotat.] The station or government of a despot; also, the domain of a despot. Freeman.

{ Des*pot"ic (?), Des*pot"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. despotique.] Having the character of, or pertaining to, a despot; absolute in power; possessing and abusing unlimited power; evincing despotism; tyrannical; arbitrary. -- Des*pot"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Des*pot"ic*al*ness, n.

Des"po*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. despotisme.] 1. The power, spirit, or principles of a despot; absolute control over others; tyrannical sway; tyranny. "The despotism of vice." Byron.

2. A government which is directed by a despot; a despotic monarchy; absolutism; autocracy.

> Despotism . . . is the only form of government which may with safety to itself neglect the education of its infant poor.

Bp. Horsley.

Des"po*tist, n. A supporter of despotism. [R.]

Des"po*tize (?), v. t. To act the despot.

De*spread" (?), v. t. & i. See Dispread.

Des"pu*mate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Despumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Despumating (?).] [L. despumatus, p. p. of despumare to despume; de- + spumare to foam, froth, spuma froth, scum.] To throw off impurities in spume; to work off in foam or scum; to foam.

Des`pu*ma"tion (?), n. [L. despumatio: cf. F. despumation.] The act of throwing up froth or scum; separation of the scum or impurities from liquids; scumming; clarification.

De*spume" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. despumer. See Despumate.] To free from spume or scum. [Obs.]

> If honey be despumed.

Holland.

Des"qua*mate (?), v. i. [L. desquamatus, p. p. of desquamare to scale off; de- + squama scale.] (Med.) To peel off in the form of scales; to scale off, as the skin in certain diseases.

Des`qua*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. desquamation.] (Med.) The separation or shedding of the cuticle or epidermis in the form of flakes or scales; exfoliation, as of bones.

{ De*squam"a*tive (?), De*squam"a*to*ry (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or attended with, desquamation.

De*squam"a*to*ry, n. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in removing the laminæ of exfoliated bones.

Dess (?), n. Dais. [Obs.]

Des*sert" (?), n. [F., fr. desservir to remove from table, to clear the table; pref. des- (L. dis-) + servir to serve, to serve at table. See Serve.] A service of pastry, fruits, or sweetmeats, at the close of a feast or entertainment; pastry, fruits, etc., forming the last course at dinner.

> "An 't please your honor," quoth the peasant,
> "This same dessert is not so pleasant."

Pope.

Dessert spoon, a spoon used in eating dessert; a spoon intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon. -- Dessert-spoonful, n., pl. Dessert- spoonfuls, as much as a dessert spoon will hold, usually reckoned at about two and a half fluid drams.

Des*tem"per (?), n. [Cf. F. détrempe, fr. détremper.] A kind of painting. See Distemper.

Des"tin (?), n. [Cf. F. destin.] Destiny. [Obs.] Marston.

Des"ti*na*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. destinable.] Determined by destiny; fated. Chaucer.

Des"ti*na*bly, adv. In a destinable manner.

Des"ti*nal (?), a. Determined by destiny; fated. [Obs.] "The order destinal." Chaucer.

Des"ti*nate (?), a. [L. destinatus, p. p. of destinare. See Destine.] Destined. [Obs.] "Destinate to hell." Foxe.

Des"ti*nate (?), v. t. To destine, design, or choose. [Obs.] "That name that God . . . did destinate." Udall.

Des`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. destinatio determination: cf. F. destination destination.] 1. The act of destining or appointing.

2. Purpose for which anything is destined; predetermined end, object, or use; ultimate design.

3. The place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at.

Syn. -- Appointment; design; purpose; intention; destiny; lot; fate; end.

Des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Destined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Destining.] [F. destiner, L. destinare; de + the root of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Obstinate.] To determine the future condition or application of; to set apart by design for a future use or purpose; to fix, as by destiny or by an authoritative decree; to doom; to ordain or preordain; to appoint; -- often with the remoter object preceded by to or for.

> We are decreed,
> Reserved, and destined to eternal woe.

Milton.

> Till the loathsome opposite
> Of all my heart had destined, did obtain.

Tennyson.

> Not enjoyment and not sorrow
> Is our destined end or way.

Longfellow.

Syn. -- To design; mark out; determine; allot; choose; intend; devote; consecrate; doom.

Des"ti*nist (?), n. A believer in destiny; a fatalist. [R.]

Des"ti*ny (?), n.; pl. Destinies (#). [OE. destinee, destene, F. destinée, from destiner. See Destine.] 1. That to which any person or thing is destined; predetermined state; condition foreordained by the Divine or by human will; fate; lot; doom.

> Thither he
> Will come to know his destiny.

Shak.

> No man of woman born,
> Coward or brave, can shun his destiny.

Bryant.

2. The fixed order of things; invincible necessity; fate; a resistless power or agency conceived of as determining the future, whether in general or of an individual.

> But who can turn the stream of destiny?

Spenser.

> Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable as destiny, for it is destiny.

Longfellow.

The Destinies (Anc. Myth.), the three Parcæ, or Fates; the supposed powers which preside over human life, and determine its circumstances and duration.

> Marked by the Destinies to be avoided.

Shak.

<! p. 400 !>

De*stit"u*ent (?; 135), a. [L. destituens, p. pr. of destituere.] Deficient; wanting; as, a destituent condition. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Des"ti*tute (?), a. [L. destitutus, p. p. of destituere to set away, leave alone, forsake; de + statuere to set. See Statute.] 1. Forsaken; not having in possession (something necessary, or desirable); deficient; lacking; devoid; -- often followed by of.

> In thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute.

Ps. cxli. 8.

> Totally destitute of all shadow of influence.

Burke.

2. Not possessing the necessaries of life; in a condition of want; needy; without possessions or resources; very poor.

> They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented.

Heb. xi. 37.

Des"ti*tute, v. t. 1. To leave destitute; to forsake; to abandon. [Obs.]

> To forsake or destitute a plantation.

Bacon.

2. To make destitute; to cause to be in want; to deprive; -- followed by of. [Obs.]

> Destituted of all honor and livings.

Holinshed.

3. To disappoint. [Obs.]

> When his expectation is destituted.

Fotherby.

Des"ti*tute*ly, adv. In destitution.

Des"ti*tute*ness, n. Destitution. [R.] Ash.

Des`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. destitutio a forsaking.] The state of being deprived of anything; the state or condition of being destitute, needy, or without resources; deficiency; lack; extreme poverty; utter want; as, the inundation caused general destitution.

{ Des*trer" (?), Dex"trer (?) }, n. [OF. destrier, fr. L. dextra on the right side. The squire led his master's horse beside him, on his right hand. Skeat.] A war horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*strie" (?), v. t. To destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*stroy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Destroyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Destroying.] [OE. destroien, destruien, destrien, OF. destruire, F. détruire, fr. L. destruere, destructum; de + struere to pile up, build. See Structure.] 1. To unbuild; to pull or tear down; to separate virulently into its constituent parts; to break up the structure and organic existence of; to demolish.

> But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves.

Ex. xxxiv. 13.

2. To ruin; to bring to naught; to put an end to; to annihilate; to consume.

> I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation.

Jer. xii. 17.

3. To put an end to the existence, prosperity, or beauty of; to kill.

> If him by force he can destroy, or, worse,
> By some false guile pervert.

Milton.

Syn. -- To demolish; lay waste; consume; raze; dismantle; ruin; throw down; overthrow; subvert; desolate; devastate; deface; extirpate; extinguish; kill; slay. See Demolish.

De*stroy"a*ble (?), a. Destructible. [R.]

> Plants . . . scarcely destroyable by the weather.

Derham.

De*stroy"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. destruior.] One who destroys, ruins, kills, or desolates.

De*struct" (?), v. t. [L. destructus, p. p. of destruere. See Destroy.] To destroy. [Obs.] Mede.

De*struc`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. destructibilité.] The quality of being capable of destruction; destructibleness.

De*struc"ti*ble (?), a. [L. destructibilis.] Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed.

De*struc"ti*ble*ness, n. The quality of being destructible.

De*struc"tion (?), n. [L. destructio: cf. F. destruction. See Destroy.] 1. The act of destroying; a tearing down; a bringing to naught; subversion; demolition; ruin; slaying; devastation.

> The Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and slaughter, and destruction.

Esth. ix. 5.

> 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy
> Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy.

Shak.

> Destruction of venerable establishment.

Hallam.

2. The state of being destroyed, demolished, ruined, slain, or devastated.

> This town came to destruction.

Chaucer.

> Thou castedst them down into destruction.

Ps. lxxiii. 18.

2. A destroying agency; a cause of ruin or of devastation; a destroyer.

> The destruction that wasteth at noonday.

Ps. xci. 6.

Syn. -- Demolition; subversion; overthrow; desolation; extirpation; extinction; devastation; downfall; extermination; havoc; ruin.

De*struc"tion*ist, n. 1. One who delights in destroying that which is valuable; one whose principles and influence tend to destroy existing institutions; a destructive.

2. (Theol.) One who believes in the final destruction or complete annihilation of the wicked; -- called also annihilationist. Shipley.

De*struc"tive (?), a. [L. destructivus: cf. F. destructif.] Causing destruction; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devastation; ruinous; fatal; productive of serious evil; mischievous; pernicious; -- often with of or to; as, intemperance is destructive of health; evil examples are destructive to the morals of youth.

> Time's destructive power.

Wordsworth.

Destructive distillation. See Distillation. -- Destructive sorties (&?;) (Logic), a process of reasoning which involves the denial of the first of a series of dependent propositions as a consequence of the denial of the last; a species of reductio ad absurdum. Whately.

Syn. -- Mortal; deadly; poisonous; fatal; ruinous; malignant; baleful; pernicious; mischievous.

De*struc"tive, n. One who destroys; a radical reformer; a destructionist.

De*struc"tive*ly, adv. In a destructive manner.

De*struc"tive*ness (?), n. 1. The quality of destroying or ruining. Prynne.

2. (Phren.) The faculty supposed to impel to the commission of acts of destruction; propensity to destroy.

De*struc"tor (?), n. [L., from destruere. See Destroy, and cf. Destroyer.] A destroyer. [R.]

> Fire, the destructor and the artificial death of things.

Boyle.

De*struie" (?), v. t. To destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Des`u*da"tion (?), n. [L. desudatio, fr. desudare to sweat greatly; de + sudare to sweat.] (Med.) A sweating; a profuse or morbid sweating, often succeeded by an eruption of small pimples.

De*suete" (?), a. [L. desuetus, p. p. of desuescere to disuse.] Disused; out of use. [R.]

Des"ue*tude (?), n. [L. desuetudo, from desuescere, to grow out of use, disuse; de + suescere to become used or accustomed: cf. F. désuétude. See Custom.] The cessation of use; disuse; discontinuance of practice, custom, or fashion.

> The desuetude abrogated the law, which, before, custom had established.

Jer. Taylor.

De*sul"phu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desulphurating.] To deprive of sulphur.

De*sul`phu*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. désulfuration.] The act or process of depriving of sulphur.

De*sul"phur*ize (?), v. t. To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur. -- De*sul`phur*i*za"tion (#), n.

Des"ul*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a desultory manner; without method; loosely; immethodically.

Des"ul*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being desultory or without order or method; unconnectedness.

> The seeming desultoriness of my method.

Boyle.

Des`ul*to"ri*ous (?), a. Desultory. [R.]

Des"ul*to*ry (?), a. [L. desultorius, fr. desultor a leaper, fr. desilire, desultum, to leap down; de + salire to leap. See Saltation.] 1. Leaping or skipping about. [Obs.]

> I shot at it [a bird], but it was so desultory that I missed my aim.

Gilbert White.

2. Jumping, or passing, from one thing or subject to another, without order or rational connection; without logical sequence; disconnected; immethodical; aimless; as, desultory minds. Atterbury.

> He [Goldsmith] knew nothing accurately; his reading had been desultory.

Macaulay.

3. Out of course; by the way; as a digression; not connected with the subject; as, a desultory remark.

Syn. -- Rambling; roving; immethodical; discursive; inconstant; unsettled; cursory; slight; hasty; loose.

De*sume" (?), v. t. [L. desumere; de + sumere to take.] To select; to borrow. [Obs.] Sir. M. Hale.

De`syn*on`y*mi*za"tion (?), n. The act of desynonymizing.

De`syn*on"y*mize (?), v. t. To deprive of synonymous character; to discriminate in use; -- applied to words which have been employed as synonyms. Coleridge. Trench.

De*tach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Detaching.] [F. détacher (cf. It. distaccare, staccare); pref. dé (L. dis) + the root found also in E. attach. See Attach, and cf. Staccato.] 1. To part; to separate or disunite; to disengage; -- the opposite of attach; as, to detach the coats of a bulbous root from each other; to detach a man from a leader or from a party.

2. To separate for a special object or use; - - used especially in military language; as, to detach a ship from a fleet, or a company from a regiment.

Syn. -- To separate; disunite; disengage; sever; disjoin; withdraw; draw off. See Detail.

De*tach", v. i. To push asunder; to come off or separate from anything; to disengage.

> [A vapor] detaching, fold by fold,
> From those still heights.

Tennyson.

De*tach"a*ble (?), a. That can be detached.

De*tached" (?), a. Separate; unconnected, or imperfectly connected; as, detached parcels. "Extensive and detached empire." Burke.

Detached escapement. See Escapement.

De*tach"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. détachement.] 1. The act of detaching or separating, or the state of being detached.

2. That which is detached; especially, a body of troops or part of a fleet sent from the main body on special service.

> Troops . . . widely scattered in little detachments.

Bancroft.

3. Abstraction from worldly objects; renunciation.

> A trial which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the detachment of a saint.

J. H. Newman.

De"tail (d"tl or d*tl"; 277), n. [F. détail, fr. détailler to cut in pieces, tell in detail; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + tailler to cut. See Tailor.] 1. A minute portion; one of the small parts; a particular; an item; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the details of a scheme or transaction.

> The details of the campaign in Italy.

Motley.

2. A narrative which relates minute points; an account which dwells on particulars.

3. (Mil.) The selection for a particular service of a person or a body of men; hence, the person or the body of men so selected.

Detail drawing, a drawing of the full size, or on a large scale, of some part of a building, machine, etc. - - In detail, in subdivisions; part by part; item; circumstantially; with particularity.

Syn. -- Account; relation; narrative; recital; explanation; narration.

De"tail (d*tl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detailed (-tld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Detailing.] [Cf. F. détailler to cut up in pieces, tell in detail. See Detail, n.] 1. To relate in particulars; to particularize; to report minutely and distinctly; to enumerate; to specify; as, he detailed all the facts in due order.

2. (Mil.) To tell off or appoint for a particular service, as an officer, a troop, or a squadron.

Syn. -- Detail, Detach. Detail respect the act of individualizing the person or body that is separated; detach, the removing for the given end or object.

De*tail"er (?), n. One who details.

De*tain" (d*tn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Detaining.] [F. détenir, L. detinere, detentum; de + tenere to hold. See Tenable.] 1. To keep back or from; to withhold.

> Detain not the wages of the hireling.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To restrain from proceeding; to stay or stop; to delay; as, we were detained by an accident.

> Let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.

Judges xiii. 15.

3. To hold or keep in custody.

Syn. -- To withhold; retain; stop; stay; arrest; check; retard; delay; hinder.

De*tain", n. Detention. [Obs.] Spenser.

De*tain"der (-dr), n. (Law) A writ. See Detinue.

De*tain"er (-r), n. 1. One who detains.

2. (Law) (a) The keeping possession of what belongs to another; detention of what is another's, even though the original taking may have been lawful. Forcible detainer is indictable at common law. (b) A writ authorizing the keeper of a prison to continue to keep a person in custody.

De*tain"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. detenement.] Detention. [R.] Blackstone.

De*tect" (d*tkt"), a. [L. detectus, p. p. of detegere to uncover, detect; de + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] Detected. [Obs.] Fabyan.

De*tect" (d*tkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detected; p. pr. & vb. n. Detecting.] 1. To uncover; to discover; to find out; to bring to light; as, to detect a crime or a criminal; to detect a mistake in an account.

> Plain good intention . . . is as easily discovered at the first view, as fraud is surely detected at last.

Burke.

> Like following life through creatures you dissect,
> You lose it in the moment you detect.

Pope.

2. To inform against; to accuse. [Obs.]

> He was untruly judged to have preached such articles as he was detected of.

Sir T. More.

Syn. -- To discover; find out; lay bare; expose.

{ De*tect"a*ble (-*b'l), De*tect"i*ble (?), } a. Capable of being detected or found out; as, parties not detectable. "Errors detectible at a glance." Latham.

De*tect"er (?), n. One who, or that which, detects or brings to light; one who finds out what another attempts to conceal; a detector.

De*tec"tion (?), n. [L. detectio an uncovering, revealing.] The act of detecting; the laying open what was concealed or hidden; discovery; as, the detection of a thief; the detection of fraud, forgery, or a plot.

> Such secrets of guilt are never from detection.

D. Webster.

De*tect"ive (?), a. Fitted for, or skilled in, detecting; employed in detecting crime or criminals; as, a detective officer.

De*tect"ive, n. One who business it is so detect criminals or discover matters of secrecy.

De*tect"or (?), n. [L., a revealer.] One who, or that which, detects; a detecter. Shak.

> A deathbed's detector of the heart.

Young.

Bank-note detector, a publication containing a description of genuine and counterfeit bank notes, designed to enable persons to discriminate between them. -- Detector lock. See under Lock.

De*ten"e*brate (?), v. t. [L. de + tenebrare to make dark, fr. tenebrae darkness.] To remove darkness from. [Obs.] Ash.

De*tent" (?), n. [F. détente, fr. détendre to unbend, relax; pref. dé- (L. dis- or de) + tendre to stretch. See Distend.] (Mech.) That which locks or unlocks a movement; a catch, pawl, or dog; especially, in clockwork, the catch which locks and unlocks the wheelwork in striking.

De*ten"tion (?), n. [L. detentio: cf. F. détention. See Detain.] 1. The act of detaining or keeping back; a withholding.

2. The state of being detained (stopped or hindered); delay from necessity.

3. Confinement; restraint; custody.

> The archduke Philip . . . found himself in a sort of honorable detention at Henry's court.

Hallam.

De*ter" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deterred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deterring.] [L. deterrere; de + terrere to frighten, terrify. See Terror.] To prevent by fear; hence, to hinder or prevent from action by fear of consequences, or difficulty, risk, etc. Addison.

> Potent enemies tempt and deter us from our duty.

Tillotson.

> My own face deters me from my glass.

Prior.

De*terge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deterged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deterging.] [L. detergere, detersum; de + tergere to rub or wipe off: cf. F. déterger.] To cleanse; to purge away, as foul or offending matter from the body, or from an ulcer.

De*ter"gen*cy (?), n. A cleansing quality or power. De Foe.

De*ter"gent (?), a. [L. detergens, -entis, p. pr. of detergere: cf. F. détergent.] Cleansing; purging. -- n. A substance which cleanses the skin, as water or soap; a medicine to cleanse wounds, ulcers, etc.

De*te"ri*o*rate (d*t"r**rt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deteriorated (- r`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Deteriorating (-r`tng).] [L. deterioratus, p. p. of deteriorare to deteriorate, fr. deterior worse, prob. a comparative fr. de down, away.] To make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair; as, to deteriorate the mind. Whately.

> The art of war . . . was greatly deteriorated.

Southey.

<! p. 401 !>

De*te"ri*o*rate (d*t"r**rt), v. i. To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.

> Under such conditions, the mind rapidly deteriorates.

Goldsmith.

De*te`ri*o*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. deterioratio: cf. F. détérioration.] The process of growing worse, or the state of having grown worse.

De*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [L. deterior worse. See Deteriorate.] Worse state or quality; inferiority. "The deteriority of the diet." [R.] Ray.

De*ter"ment (?), n. [From Deter.] The act of deterring; also, that which deters. Boyle.

De*ter`mi*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being determinable; determinableness. Coleridge.

De*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. determinabilis finite. See Determine, v. t.] Capable of being determined, definitely ascertained, decided upon, or brought to a conclusion.

> Not wholly determinable from the grammatical use of the words.

South.

De*ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. Capability of being determined; determinability.

De*ter"mi*na*cy (?), n. Determinateness. [R.]

De*ter"mi*nant (?), a. [L. determinans, p. pr. of determinare: cf. F. déterminant.] Serving to determine or limit; determinative.

De*ter"mi*nant, n. 1. That which serves to determine; that which causes determination.

2. (Math.) The sum of a series of products of several numbers, these products being formed according to certain specified laws; thus, the determinant of the nine numbers
a, b, c,a′, b′, c′,a′′, b′′, c′′,
is a b′ c′′ - a b′′ c′ + a′ b′′ c] - a′ b c′′ + a′′ b′ c. The determinant is written by placing the numbers from which it is formed in a square between two vertical lines. The theory of determinants forms a very important branch of modern mathematics.

3. (Logic) A mark or attribute, attached to the subject or predicate, narrowing the extent of both, but rendering them more definite and precise. Abp. Thomson.

De*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L. determinatus, p. p. of determinare. See Determine.] 1. Having defined limits; not uncertain or arbitrary; fixed; established; definite.

> Quantity of words and a determinate number of feet.

Dryden.

2. Conclusive; decisive; positive.

> The determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God.

Acts ii. 23.

3. Determined or resolved upon. [Obs.]

> My determinate voyage.

Shak.

4. Of determined purpose; resolute. [Obs.]

> More determinate to do than skillful how to do.

Sir P. Sidney.

Determinate inflorescence (Bot.), that in which the flowering commences with the terminal bud of a stem, which puts a limit to its growth; -- also called centrifugal inflorescence. -- Determinate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of a limited number of solutions. -- Determinate quantities, Determinate equations (Math.), those that are finite in the number of values or solutions, that is, in which the conditions of the problem or equation determine the number.

De*ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. To bring to an end; to determine. See Determine. [Obs.]

> The sly, slow hours shall not determinate
> The dateless limit of thy dear exile.

Shak.

De*ter"mi*nate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a determinate manner; definitely; ascertainably.

> The principles of religion are already either determinately true or false, before you think of them.

Tillotson.

2. Resolutely; unchangeably.

> Being determinately . . . bent to marry.

Sir P. Sidney.

De*ter"mi*nate*ness, n. State of being determinate.

De*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. determinatio boundary, end: cf. F. détermination.] 1. The act of determining, or the state of being determined.

2. Bringing to an end; termination; limit.

> A speedy determination of that war.

Ludlow.

3. Direction or tendency to a certain end; impulsion.

> Remissness can by no means consist with a constant determination of the will . . . to the greatest apparent good.

Locke.

4. The quality of mind which reaches definite conclusions; decision of character; resoluteness.

> He only is a well-made man who has a good determination.

Emerson.

5. The state of decision; a judicial decision, or ending of controversy.

6. That which is determined upon; result of deliberation; purpose; conclusion formed; fixed resolution.

> So bloodthirsty a determination to obtain convictions.

Hallam.

7. (Med.) A flow, rush, or tendency to a particular part; as, a determination of blood to the head.

8. (Physical Sciences) The act, process, or result of any accurate measurement, as of length, volume, weight, intensity, etc.; as, the determination of the ohm or of the wave length of light; the determination of the salt in sea water, or the oxygen in the air.

9. (Logic) (a) The act of defining a concept or notion by giving its essential constituents. (b) The addition of a differentia to a concept or notion, thus limiting its extent; -- the opposite of generalization.

10. (Nat. Hist.) The act of determining the relations of an object, as regards genus and species; the referring of minerals, plants, or animals, to the species to which they belong; classification; as, I am indebted to a friend for the determination of most of these shells.

Syn. -- Decision; conclusion; judgment; purpose; resolution; resolve; firmness. See Decision.

De*ter"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. déterminatif.] Having power to determine; limiting; shaping; directing; conclusive.

> Incidents . . . determinative of their course.

I. Taylor.

Determinative tables (Nat. Hist.), tables presenting the specific character of minerals, plants, etc., to assist in determining the species to which a specimen belongs.

De*ter"mi*na*tive (?), n. That which serves to determine.

> Explanatory determinatives . . . were placed after words phonetically expressed, in order to serve as an aid to the reader in determining the meaning.

I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

De*ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who determines. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

De*ter"mine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Determined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Determining.] [F. déterminer, L. determinare, determinatum; de + terminare limit, terminus limit. See Term.] 1. To fix the boundaries of; to mark off and separate.

> [God] hath determined the times before appointed.

Acts xvii. 26.

2. To set bounds to; to fix the determination of; to limit; to bound; to bring to an end; to finish.

> The knowledge of men hitherto hath been determined by the view or sight.

Bacon.

> Now, where is he that will not stay so long
> Till his friend sickness hath determined me?

Shak.

3. To fix the form or character of; to shape; to prescribe imperatively; to regulate; to settle.

> The character of the soul is determined by the character of its God.

J. Edwards.

> Something divinely beautiful . . . that at some time or other might influence or even determine her course of life.

W. Black.

4. To fix the course of; to impel and direct; -- with a remoter object preceded by to; as, another's will determined me to this course.

5. To ascertain definitely; to find out the specific character or name of; to assign to its true place in a system; as, to determine an unknown or a newly discovered plant or its name.

6. To bring to a conclusion, as a question or controversy; to settle authoritative or judicial sentence; to decide; as, the court has determined the cause.

7. To resolve on; to have a fixed intention of; also, to cause to come to a conclusion or decision; to lead; as, this determined him to go immediately.

8. (Logic) To define or limit by adding a differentia.

9. (Physical Sciences) To ascertain the presence, quantity, or amount of; as, to determine the parallax; to determine the salt in sea water.

De*ter"mine, v. i. 1. To come to an end; to end; to terminate. [Obs.]

> He who has vented a pernicious doctrine or published an ill book must know that his life determine not together.

South.

> Estates may determine on future contingencies.

Blackstone.

2. To come to a decision; to decide; to resolve; -- often with on. "Determine on some course." Shak.

> He shall pay as the judges determine.

Ex. xxi. 22.

De*ter"mined (?), a. Decided; resolute. "Adetermined foe." Sparks.

De*ter"min*ed*ly (?), adv. In a determined manner; with determination.

De*ter"min*er (?), n. One who, or that which, determines or decides.

De*ter"min*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) The doctrine that the will is not free, but is inevitably and invincibly determined by motives.

> Its superior suitability to produce courage, as contrasted with scientific physical determinism, is obvious.

F. P. Cobbe.

De*ter"min*ist, n. (Metaph.) One who believes in determinism. Also adj.; as, determinist theories.

De`ter*ra"tion (?), n. [L. de + terra earth: cf. F. déterrer to unearth.] The uncovering of anything buried or covered with earth; a taking out of the earth or ground. Woodward.

De*ter"rence (?), n. That which deters; a deterrent; a hindrance. [R.]

De*ter"rent (?), a. [L. deterrens, p. pr. of deterrere. See Deter.] Serving to deter. "The deterrent principle." E. Davis.

De*ter"rent, n. That which deters or prevents.

De*ter"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. détersion. See Deterge.] The act of deterging or cleansing, as a sore.

De*ter"sive (?), a. [Cf. détersif.] Cleansing; detergent. -- n. A cleansing agent; a detergent.

De*ter"sive*ly, adv. In a way to cleanse.

De*ter"sive*ness, n. The quality of cleansing.

De*test" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detested; p. pr. & vb. n. Detesting.] [L. detestare, detestatum, and detestari, to curse while calling a deity to witness, to execrate, detest; de + testari to be a witness, testify, testis a witness: cf. F. détester. See Testify.] 1. To witness against; to denounce; to condemn. [Obs.]

> The heresy of Nestorius . . . was detested in the Eastern churches.

Fuller.

> God hath detested them with his own mouth.

Bale.

2. To hate intensely; to abhor; to abominate; to loathe; as, we detest what is contemptible or evil.

> Who dares think one thing, and another tell,
> My heart detests him as the gates of hell.

Pope.

Syn. -- To abhor; abominate; execrate. See Hate.

De*test`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity of being odious. [R.] Carlyle.

De*test"a*ble (?), a. [L. detestabilis: cf. F. détestable.] Worthy of being detested; abominable; extremely hateful; very odious; deserving abhorrence; as, detestable vices.

> Thou hast defiled my sanctuary will all thy detestable things, and with all thine abominations.

Ezek. v. 11.

Syn. -- Abominable; odious; execrable; abhorred.

De*test"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being detestable.

De*test"a*bly, adv. In a detestable manner.

De*tes"tate (?), v. t. To detest. [Obs.] Udall.

Det`es*ta"tion (?; 277), n. [L. detestatio: cf. F. détestation.] The act of detesting; extreme hatred or dislike; abhorrence; loathing.

> We are heartily agreed in our detestation of civil war.

Burke.

De*test"er (?), n. One who detests.

De*throne" (d*thrn"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dethroned (-thrnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Dethroning.] [Pref. de- + throne: cf. F. détrôner; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + trône throne. See Throne.] To remove or drive from a throne; to depose; to divest of supreme authority and dignity. "The Protector was dethroned." Hume.

De*throne"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. détrônement.] Deposal from a throne; deposition from regal power.

De*thron"er (?), n. One who dethrones.

De*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. Dethronement. [Obs.] Speed.

De*thron"ize (?), v. t. [Cf. LL. dethronizare.] To dethrone or unthrone. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Det"i*nue (?; 277), n. [OF. detinu, detenu, p. p. of detenir to detain. See Detain.] A person or thing detained; (Law) A form of action for the recovery of a personal chattel wrongfully detained.

Writ of detinue (Law), one that lies against him who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in possession, to recover the thing itself, or its value and damages, from the detainer. It is now in a great measure superseded by other remedies.

Det"o*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Detonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Detonating (?).] [L. detonare, v. i., to thunder down; de + tonare to thunder; akin to E. thunder. See Thunder, and cf. Detonize.] To explode with a sudden report; as, niter detonates with sulphur.

Det"o*nate, v. t. To cause to explode; to cause to burn or inflame with a sudden report.

Det"o*na`ting, a. & n. from Detonate.

Detonating gas, a mixture of two volumes of hydrogen with one volume of oxygen, which explodes with a loud report upon ignition. -- Detonating powder, any powder or solid substance, as fulminate of mercury, which when struck, explodes with violence and a loud report. -- Detonating primer, a primer exploded by a fuse; -- used to explode gun cotton in blasting operations. -- Detonating tube, a strong tube of glass, usually graduated, closed at one end, and furnished with two wires passing through its sides at opposite points, and nearly meeting, for the purpose of exploding gaseous mixtures by an electric spark, as in gas analysis, etc.

Det`o*na"tion (-n"shn), n. [Cf. F. détonation.] An explosion or sudden report made by the instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances; as, the detonation of gun cotton.

Det"o*na`tor (dt"*n`tr), n. One who, or that which, detonates.

Det`o*ni*za"tion (dt`*n*z"shn), n. The act of detonizing; detonation.

Det"o*nize (dt"*nz), v. t. & i. [See Detonate.] [imp. & p. p.Detonized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Detonizing.] To explode, or cause to explode; to burn with an explosion; to detonate.

De*tor"sion (?), n. Same as Detortion.

De*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Detorting.] [L. detortus, p. p. of detorquere to turn away; de + torquere to turn about, twist: cf. F. détorquer, détordre.] To turn form the original or plain meaning; to pervert; to wrest. Hammond.

De*tor"tion (?), n. The act of detorting, or the state of being detorted; a twisting or warping.

De`tour" (?), n. [F. détour, fr. détourner to turn aside; pref. dé- (L. dis-) + tourner to turn. See Turn.] A turning; a circuitous route; a deviation from a direct course; as, the detours of the Mississippi.

De*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Detracting.] [L. detractus, p. p. of detrahere to detract; de + trahere to draw: cf. F. détracter. See Trace.] 1. To take away; to withdraw.

> Detract much from the view of the without.

Sir H. Wotton.

2. To take credit or reputation from; to defame.

> That calumnious critic . . .
> Detracting what laboriously we do.

Drayton.

Syn. -- To derogate; decry; disparage; depreciate; asperse; vilify; defame; traduce. See Decry.

De*tract", v. i. To take away a part or something, especially from one's credit; to lessen reputation; to derogate; to defame; -- often with from.

> It has been the fashion to detract both from the moral and literary character of Cicero.

V. Knox.

De*tract"er (?), n. One who detracts; a detractor.

> Other detracters and malicious writers.

Sir T. North.

De*tract"ing*ly, adv. In a detracting manner.

De*trac"tion (?), n. [F. détraction, L. detractio.] 1. A taking away or withdrawing. [Obs.]

> The detraction of the eggs of the said wild fowl.

Bacon.

2. The act of taking away from the reputation or good name of another; a lessening or cheapening in the estimation of others; the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice; calumny.

Syn. -- Depreciation; disparagement; derogation; slander; calumny; aspersion; censure.

De*trac"tious (?), a. Containing detraction; detractory. [R.] Johnson.

De*tract"ive (?), a. 1. Tending to detract or draw. [R.]

2. Tending to lower in estimation; depreciative.

De*tract"ive*ness, n. The quality of being detractive.

De*tract"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. détracteur.] One who detracts; a derogator; a defamer.

> His detractors were noisy and scurrilous.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Slanderer; calumniator; defamer; vilifier.

De*tract"o*ry (?), a. Defamatory by denial of desert; derogatory; calumnious. Sir T. Browne.

De*tract"ress, n. A female detractor. Addison.

De*train" (?), v. i. & t. To alight, or to cause to alight, from a railway train. [Eng.] London Graphic.

De*trect" (?), v. t. [L. detrectare; de + tractare, intens. of trahere to draw.] To refuse; to decline. [Obs.] "To detrect the battle." Holinshed.

<! p. 402 !>

Det"ri*ment (dt"r*ment), n. [L. detrimentum, fr. deterere, detritum, to rub or wear away; de + terere to rub: cf. F. détriment. See Trite.] 1. That which injures or causes damage; mischief; harm; diminution; loss; damage; -- used very generically; as, detriments to property, religion, morals, etc.

> I can repair
> That detriment, if such it be.

Milton.

2. A charge made to students and barristers for incidental repairs of the rooms they occupy. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; hurt; mischief; harm.

Det"ri*ment (?), v. t. To do injury to; to hurt. [Archaic]

> Other might be determined thereby.

Fuller.

Det`ri*men"tal (?), a. Causing detriment; injurious; hurtful.

> Neither dangerous nor detrimental to the donor.

Addison.

Syn. -- Injurious; hurtful; prejudicial; disadvantageous; mischievous; pernicious.

Det`ri*men"tal*ness, n. The quality of being detrimental; injuriousness.

De*tri"tal (?), a. (Geol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, detritus.

De*trite" (?), a. [L. detritus, p. p.] Worn out.

De*tri"tion (?), n. [LL. detritio. See Detriment.] A wearing off or away.

> Phonograms which by process long-continued detrition have reached a step of extreme simplicity.

I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

De*tri"tus (?), n. [F. détritus, fr. L. detritus, p. p. of deterere. See Detriment.] 1. (Geol.) A mass of substances worn off from solid bodies by attrition, and reduced to small portions; as, diluvial detritus.

For large portions, the word débris is used.

2. Hence: Any fragments separated from the body to which they belonged; any product of disintegration.

> The mass of detritus of which modern languages are composed.

Farrar.

De*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Detruding.] [L. detrudere, detrusum; de + trudere to thrust, push.] To thrust down or out; to push down with force. Locke.

De*trun"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Detruncated; p. pr. & vb. n. Detruncating.] [L. detruncatus, p. p. of detruncare to cut off; de + truncare to maim, shorten, cut off. See Truncate.] To shorten by cutting; to cut off; to lop off.

De`trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. detruncatio: cf. F. détroncation.] The act of lopping or cutting off, as the head from the body.

De*tru"sion (?), n. [L. detrusio. See Detrude.] The act of thrusting or driving down or outward; outward thrust. -- De*tru"sive, a.

Dette (?), n. Debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dette"les (?), a. Free from debt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [L. detumescere to cease swelling; de + tumescere, tumere, to swell.] Diminution of swelling; subsidence of anything swollen. [R.] Cudworth.

||De"tur (?), n. [L. detur let it be given.] A present of books given to a meritorious undergraduate student as a prize. [Harvard Univ., U. S.]

De*turb" (?), v. t. [L. deturbare.] To throw down. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

De*tur"bate (?), v. t. [LL. deturbatus, p. p. of deturbare, fr. L. deturbare to thrust down.] To evict; to remove. [Obs.] Foxe.

Det`ur*ba"tion (?), n. The act of deturbating. [Obs.]

De*turn" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + turn. Cf. Detour.] To turn away. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

De*tur"pate (?), v. t. [L. deturpare; de + turpare to make ugly, defile, turpis ugly, foul.] To defile; to disfigure. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Det`ur*pa"tion (?), n. A making foul. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Deuce (ds), n. [F. deux two, OF. deus, fr. L. duo. See Two.] 1. (Gaming) Two; a card or a die with two spots; as, the deuce of hearts.

2. (Tennis) A condition of the score beginning whenever each side has won three strokes in the same game (also reckoned "40 all"), and reverted to as often as a tie is made until one of the sides secures two successive strokes following a tie or deuce, which decides the game.

Deuce, n. [Cf. LL. dusius, Armor, dus, teûz, phantom, specter; Gael. taibhs, taibhse, apparition, ghost; or fr. OF. deus God, fr. L. deus (cf. Deity).] The devil; a demon. [A euphemism, written also deuse.] [Low]

Deu"ced (?), a. Devilish; excessive; extreme. [Low] -- Deu"ced*ly, adv.

Deuse (ds), n.; Deu"sed (d"sd), a. See Deuce, Deuced.

Deu`ter*o*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; second + E. canonical.] Pertaining to a second canon, or ecclesiastical writing of inferior authority; -- said of the Apocrypha, certain Epistles, etc.

Deu`ter*og"a*mist (?), n. [See Deuterogamy.] One who marries the second time.

Deu`ter*og"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; second + &?; wedding, marriage.] A second marriage, after the death of the first husband of wife; -- in distinction from bigamy, as defined in the old canon law. See Bigamy. Goldsmith.

Deu`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; second + root of &?; to be born.] (Geol.) Of secondary origin; -- said of certain rocks whose material has been derived from older rocks.

Deu`ter*on"o*mist (?), n. The writer of Deuteronomy.

Deu`ter*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; second + &?; law: cf. L. Deuteronomium.] (Bibl.) The fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing the second giving of the law by Moses.

{ ||Deu`ter*o*pa*thi"a (?), Deu`ter*op"a*thy (?), } n. [NL. deuteropathia, fr. Gr. &?; second + &?; suffering, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer: cf. F. deutéropathie.] (Med.) A sympathetic affection of any part of the body, as headache from an overloaded stomach.

Deu`ter*o*path"ic (?), a. Pertaining to deuteropathy; of the nature of deuteropathy.

Deu`ter*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; second + -scopy.] 1. Second sight.

> I felt by anticipation the horrors of the Highland seers, whom their gift of deuteroscopy compels to witness things unmeet for mortal eye.

Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal sense; the second intention; a hidden signification. Sir T. Browne.

Deu`ter*o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; second + E. zooid.] (Zoöl.) One of the secondary, and usually sexual, zooids produced by budding or fission from the primary zooids, in animals having alternate generations. In the tapeworms, the joints are deuterozooids.

Deut`hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Deutohydroguret.

Deu"to- (?) or Deut- (dt-) [Contr. from Gr. &?; second.] (Chem.) A prefix which formerly properly indicated the second in a regular series of compound in the series, and not to its composition, but which is now generally employed in the same sense as bi-or di-, although little used.

Deu`to*hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [Pref. deut-, deuto- + hydroguret.] (Chem.) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of hydrogen united with some other element or radical. [Obs.]

Deu"to*plasm (?), n. [Pref. deuto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) The lifeless food matter in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from the active or true protoplasm; yolk substance; yolk.

Deu`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Pref. deuto- + Gr. &?; plastic.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, deutoplasm.

Deu`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. deuto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A disulphide. [Obs.]

Deu*tox"ide (?; 104), n. [Pref. deut- + oxide.] (Chem.) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen united with some other element or radical; -- usually called dioxide, or less frequently, binoxide.

||Deut"zi*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Jan Deutz of Holland.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs with pretty white flowers, much cultivated.

||Dev (?), or ||De"va (&?;), n. [Skr. d&?;va. Cf. Deity.] (Hind. Myth.) A god; a deity; a divine being; an idol; a king.

||De`va*na"ga*ri (?), n. [Skr. d&?;vangar; d&?;va god + nagara city, i. e., divine city.] The character in which Sanskrit is written.

De*vap`o*ra"tion (?), n. The change of vapor into water, as in the formation of rain.

De*vast" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. dévaster. See Devastate.] To devastate. [Obs.] Bolingbroke.

Dev"as*tate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devastated; p. pr. & vb. n. Devastating.] [L. devastatus, p. p. of devastare to devastate; de + vastare to lay waste, vastus waste. See Vast.] To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate.

> Whole countries . . . were devastated.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.

Dev`as*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dévastation.] 1. The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.

> Even now the devastation is begun,
> And half the business of destruction done.

Goldsmith.

2. (Law) Waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor or administrator. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Desolation; ravage; waste; havoc; destruction; ruin; overthrow.

Dev"as*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, devastates. Emerson.

||Dev`as*ta"vit (?), n. [L., he has wasted.] (Law) Waste or misapplication of the assets of a deceased person by an executor or an administrator. Bouvier.

||De"va*ta (?), n. [Hind., fr. Skr. d&?;va god.] (Hind. Myth.) A deity; a divine being; a good spirit; an idol. [Written also dewata.]

Deve (?), a. [See Deaf.] Deaf. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dev"el*in (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]

De*vel"op (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Developed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Developing.] [F. déveloper; dé- (L. dis-) + OF. voluper, voleper, to envelop, perh. from L. volup agreeably, delightfully, and hence orig., to make agreeable or comfortable by enveloping, to keep snug (cf. Voluptuous); or. perh. fr. a derivative of volvere, volutum, to roll (cf. Devolve). Cf. Envelop.] [Written also develope.] 1. To free from that which infolds or envelops; to unfold; to lay open by degrees or in detail; to make visible or known; to disclose; to produce or give forth; as, to develop theories; a motor that develops 100 horse power.

> These serve to develop its tenets.

Milner.

> The 20th was spent in strengthening our position and developing the line of the enemy.

The Century.

2. To unfold gradually, as a flower from a bud; hence, to bring through a succession of states or stages, each of which is preparatory to the next; to form or expand by a process of growth; to cause to change gradually from an embryo, or a lower state, to a higher state or form of being; as, sunshine and rain develop the bud into a flower; to develop the mind.

> The sound developed itself into a real compound.

J. Peile.

> All insects . . . acquire the jointed legs before the wings are fully developed.

Owen.

3. To advance; to further; to prefect; to make to increase; to promote the growth of.

> We must develop our own resources to the utmost.

Jowett (Thucyd).

4. (Math.) To change the form of, as of an algebraic expression, by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.

5. (Photog.) To cause to become visible, as an invisible or latent image upon plate, by submitting it to chemical agents; to bring to view.

To develop a curved surface on a plane (Geom.), to produce on the plane an equivalent surface, as if by rolling the curved surface so that all parts shall successively touch the plane.

Syn. -- To uncover; unfold; evolve; promote; project; lay open; disclose; exhibit; unravel; disentangle.

De*vel"op (?), v. i. 1. To go through a process of natural evolution or growth, by successive changes from a less perfect to a more perfect or more highly organized state; to advance from a simpler form of existence to one more complex either in structure or function; as, a blossom develops from a bud; the seed develops into a plant; the embryo develops into a well-formed animal; the mind develops year by year.

> Nor poets enough to understand
> That life develops from within.

Mrs. Browning.

2. To become apparent gradually; as, a picture on sensitive paper develops on the application of heat; the plans of the conspirators develop.

De*vel"op*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being developed. J. Peile.

Developable surface (Math.), a surface described by a moving right line, and such that consecutive positions of the generator intersect each other. Hence, the surface can be developed into a plane.

De*vel"op*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, develops.

2. (Photog.) A reagent by the action of which the latent image upon a photographic plate, after exposure in the camera, or otherwise, is developed and visible.

De*vel"op*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. développement.] [Written also developement.] 1. The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan or method, or an image upon a photographic plate; gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes; also, the result of developing, or a developed state.

> A new development of imagination, taste, and poetry.

Channing.

2. (Biol.) The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.

3. (Math.) (a) The act or process of changing or expanding an expression into another of equivalent value or meaning. (b) The equivalent expression into which another has been developed.

4. (mus.) The elaboration of a theme or subject; the unfolding of a musical idea; the evolution of a whole piece or movement from a leading theme or motive.

Development theory (Biol.), the doctrine that animals and plants possess the power of passing by slow and successive stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and that all the higher forms of life now in existence were thus developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are not the result of special creative acts. See the Note under Darwinian.

Syn. -- Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution; elaboration; growth.

De*vel`op*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the process of development; as, the developmental power of a germ. Carpenter.

Dev`e*nus"tate (?), v. t. [L. devenustatus, p. p. of devenustare to disfigure; de + venustus lovely, graceful.] To deprive of beauty or grace. [Obs.]

{ De*ver"gence (?), De*ver"gen*cy (?), } n. See Divergence. [Obs.]

De*vest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devested; p. pr. & vb. n. Devesting.] [L. devestire to undress; de + vestire to dress: cf. OF. devestir, F. dévêtir. Cf. Divest.] 1. To divest; to undress. Shak.

2. To take away, as an authority, title, etc., to deprive; to alienate, as an estate.

This word is now generally written divest, except in the legal sense.

De*vest", v. i. (Law) To be taken away, lost, or alienated, as a title or an estate.

De*vex" (?), a. [L. devexus, from devehere to carry down.] Bending down; sloping. [Obs.]

De*vex", n. Devexity. [Obs.] May (Lucan).

De*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. devexitas, fr. devexus. See Devex, a.] A bending downward; a sloping; incurvation downward; declivity. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)

||De"vi (?), n.; fem. of Deva. A goddess.

De"vi*ant (?), a. Deviating. [Obs.]

De"vi*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Deviated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deviating (?).] [L. deviare to deviate; de + viare to go, travel, via way. See Viaduct.] To go out of the way; to turn aside from a course or a method; to stray or go astray; to err; to digress; to diverge; to vary.

> Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to take,
> May boldly deviate from the common track.

Pope.

Syn. -- To swerve; stray; wander; digress; depart; deflect; err.

De"vi*ate, v. t. To cause to deviate. [R.]

> To deviate a needle.

J. D. Forbes.

De`vi*a"tion (?), n. [LL. deviatio: cf. F. déviation.] 1. The act of deviating; a wandering from the way; variation from the common way, from an established rule, etc.; departure, as from the right course or the path of duty.

2. The state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of sin; an error; an offense.

<! p. 403 !>

2. (Com.) The voluntary and unnecessary departure of a ship from, or delay in, the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured, thus releasing the underwriters from their responsibility.

Deviation of a falling body (Physics), that deviation from a strictly vertical line of descent which occurs in a body falling freely, in consequence of the rotation of the earth. -- Deviation of the compass, the angle which the needle of a ship's compass makes with the magnetic meridian by reason of the magnetism of the iron parts of the ship. -- Deviation of the line of the vertical, the difference between the actual direction of a plumb line and the direction it would have if the earth were a perfect ellipsoid and homogeneous, -- caused by the attraction of a mountain, or irregularities in the earth's density.

De"vi*a`tor (?), n. [L., a forsaker.] One who, or that which, deviates.

De"vi*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to deviate; devious; as, deviatory motion. [R.] Tully.

De*vice" (?), n. [OE. devis, devise, will, intention, opinion, invention, fr. F. devis architect's plan and estimates (in OF., division, plan, wish), devise device (in sense 3), in OF. also, division, wish, last will, fr. deviser. See Devise, v. t., and cf. Devise, n.] 1. That which is devised, or formed by design; a contrivance; an invention; a project; a scheme; often, a scheme to deceive; a stratagem; an artifice.

> His device in against Babylon, to destroy it.

Jer. li. 11.

> Their recent device of demanding benevolences.

Hallam.

> He disappointeth the devices of the crafty.

Job v. 12.

2. Power of devising; invention; contrivance.

> I must have instruments of my own device.

Landor.

3. (a) An emblematic design, generally consisting of one or more figures with a motto, used apart from heraldic bearings to denote the historical situation, the ambition, or the desire of the person adopting it. See Cognizance. (b) Improperly, an heraldic bearing.

> Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by devices on their shields.

Addison.

> A banner with this strange device -
> Excelsior.

Longfellow.

4. Anything fancifully conceived. Shak.

5. A spectacle or show. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

6. Opinion; decision. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Syn. -- Contrivance; invention; design; scheme; project; stratagem; shift. -- Device, Contrivance. Device implies more of inventive power, and contrivance more of skill and dexterity in execution. A device usually has reference to something worked out for exhibition or show; a contrivance usually respects the arrangement or disposition of things with reference to securing some end. Devices were worn by knights-errant on their shields; contrivances are generally used to promote the practical convenience of life. The word device is often used in a bad sense; as, a crafty device; contrivance is almost always used in a good sense; as, a useful contrivance.

De*vice"ful (?), a. Full of devices; inventive. [R.]

> A carpet, rich, and of deviceful thread.

Chapman.

De*vice"ful*ly, adv. In a deviceful manner. [R.]

Dev"il (?), n. [AS. deófol, deóful; akin to G. &?;eufel, Goth. diabaúlus; all fr. L. diabolus the devil, Gr. &?; the devil, the slanderer, fr. &?; to slander, calumniate, orig., to throw across; &?; across + &?; to throw, let fall, fall; cf. Skr. gal to fall. Cf. Diabolic.] 1. The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and spiritual of mankind.

> [Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil.

Luke iv. 2.

> That old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world.

Rev. xii. 9.

2. An evil spirit; a demon.

> A dumb man possessed with a devil.

Matt. ix. 32.

3. A very wicked person; hence, any great evil. "That devil Glendower." "The devil drunkenness." Shak.

> Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil?

John vi. 70.

4. An expletive of surprise, vexation, or emphasis, or, ironically, of negation. [Low]

> The devil a puritan that he is, . . . but a timepleaser.

Shak.

> The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare,
> But wonder how the devil they got there.

Pope.

5. (Cookery) A dish, as a bone with the meat, broiled and excessively peppered; a grill with Cayenne pepper.

> Men and women busy in baking, broiling, roasting oysters, and preparing devils on the gridiron.

Sir W. Scott.

6. (Manuf.) A machine for tearing or cutting rags, cotton, etc.

Blue devils. See under Blue. -- Cartesian devil. See under Cartesian. -- Devil bird (Zoöl.), one of two or more South African drongo shrikes (Edolius retifer, and E. remifer), believed by the natives to be connected with sorcery. -- Devil may care, reckless, defiant of authority; -- used adjectively. Longfellow. -- Devil's apron (Bot.), the large kelp (Laminaria saccharina, and L. longicruris) of the Atlantic ocean, having a blackish, leathery expansion, shaped somewhat like an apron. -- Devil's coachhorse. (Zoöl.) (a) The black rove beetle (Ocypus olens). [Eng.] (b) A large, predacious, hemipterous insect (Prionotus cristatus); the wheel bug. [U.S.] -- Devil's darning-needle. (Zoöl.) See under Darn, v. t. -- Devil's fingers, Devil's hand (Zoöl.), the common British starfish (Asterias rubens); -- also applied to a sponge with stout branches. [Prov. Eng., Irish & Scot.] -- Devil's riding-horse (Zoöl.), the American mantis (Mantis Carolina). -- The Devil's tattoo, a drumming with the fingers or feet. "Jack played the Devil's tattoo on the door with his boot heels." F. Hardman (Blackw. Mag.). -- Devil worship, worship of the power of evil; -- still practiced by barbarians who believe that the good and evil forces of nature are of equal power. -- Printer's devil, the youngest apprentice in a printing office, who runs on errands, does dirty work (as washing the ink rollers and sweeping), etc. "Without fearing the printer's devil or the sheriff's officer." Macaulay. -- Tasmanian devil (Zoöl.), a very savage carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania (Dasyurus, or Diabolus, ursinus). -- To play devil with, to molest extremely; to ruin. [Low]

Dev"il (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deviled (?) or Devilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Deviling (?) or Devilling.] 1. To make like a devil; to invest with the character of a devil.

2. To grill with Cayenne pepper; to season highly in cooking, as with pepper.

> A deviled leg of turkey.

W. Irving.

Dev"il-div`er (?), Dev"il bird` (&?;), n.. (Zoöl.) A small water bird. See Dabchick.

Dev"il*ess (?), n. A she- devil. [R.] Sterne.

Dev"il*et (?), n. A little devil. [R.] Barham.

Dev"il*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A huge ray (Manta birostris or Cephaloptera vampyrus) of the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Atlantic coasts. Several other related species take the same name. See Cephaloptera. (b) A large cephalopod, especially the very large species of Octopus and Architeuthis. See Octopus. (c) The gray whale of the Pacific coast. See Gray whale. (d) The goosefish or angler (Lophius), and other allied fishes. See Angler.

Dev"il*ing, n. A young devil. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Dev"il*ish, a. 1. Resembling, characteristic of, or pertaining to, the devil; diabolical; wicked in the extreme. "Devilish wickedness." Sir P. Sidney.

> This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.

James iii. 15.

2. Extreme; excessive. [Colloq.] Dryden.

Syn. -- Diabolical; infernal; hellish; satanic; wicked; malicious; detestable; destructive.

-- Dev"il*ish*ly, adv. -- Dev"il*ish*ness, n.

Dev"il*ism (?), n. The state of the devil or of devils; doctrine of the devil or of devils. Bp. Hall.

Dev"il*ize (?), v. t. To make a devil of. [R.]

> He that should deify a saint, should wrong him as much as he that should devilize him.

Bp. Hall.

Dev"il*kin (?), n. A little devil; a devilet.

Dev"il*ment (?), n. Deviltry. Bp. Warburton.

Dev"il*ry (?), n.; pl. Devilries (&?;). 1. Conduct suitable to the devil; extreme wickedness; deviltry.

> Stark lies and devilry.

Sir T. More.

2. The whole body of evil spirits. Tylor.

Dev"il's darn"ing-nee`dle. (Zoöl.) A dragon fly. See Darning needle, under Darn, v. t.

Dev"il*ship, n. The character or person of a devil or the devil. Cowley.

Dev"il*try (?), n.; pl. Deviltries (&?;). Diabolical conduct; malignant mischief; devilry. C. Reade.

Dev"il*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of tree (Osmanthus Americanus), allied to the European olive.

De"vi*ous (?), a. [L. devius; de + via way. See Viaduct.] 1. Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; as, a devious path or way.

2. Going out of the right or common course; going astray; erring; wandering; as, a devious step.

Syn. -- Wandering; roving; rambling; vagrant.

-- De"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- De"vi*ous*ness, n.

De*vir"gin*ate (?), a. [L. devirginatus, p. p. of devirginare.] Deprived of virginity. [R.]

De*vir"gin*ate (?), v. t. To deprive of virginity; to deflour. [R.] Sandys.

De*vir`gi*na"tion (?), n. [L. devirginatio.] A deflouring. [R.] Feltham.

De*vis"a*ble (?), a. [From Devise.] 1. Capable of being devised, invented, or contrived.

2. Capable of being bequeathed, or given by will.

De*vis"al (?), n. A devising. Whitney.

De*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Devising.] [OF. deviser to distribute, regulate, direct, relate, F., to chat, fr. L. divisus divided, distributed, p. p. of dividere. See Divide, and cf. Device.] 1. To form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts; to formulate by thought; to contrive; to excogitate; to invent; to plan; to scheme; as, to devise an engine, a new mode of writing, a plan of defense, or an argument.

> To devise curious works.

Ex. CCTV. 32.

> Devising schemes to realize his ambitious views.

Bancroft.

2. To plan or scheme for; to purpose to obtain.

> For wisdom is most riches; fools therefore
> They are which fortunes do by vows devise.

Spenser.

3. To say; to relate; to describe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To imagine; to guess. [Obs.] Spenser.

5. (Law) To give by will; -- used of real estate; formerly, also, of chattels.

Syn. -- To bequeath; invent; discover; contrive; excogitate; imagine; plan; scheme. See Bequeath.

De*vise", v. i. To form a scheme; to lay a plan; to contrive; to consider.

> I thought, devised, and Pallas heard my prayer.

Pope.

Devise was formerly followed by of; as, let us devise of ease. Spenser.

De*vise" (?), n. [OF. devise division, deliberation, wish, will, testament. See Device.] 1. The act of giving or disposing of real estate by will; -- sometimes improperly applied to a bequest of personal estate.

2. A will or testament, conveying real estate; the clause of a will making a gift of real property.

> Fines upon devises were still exacted.

Bancroft.

3. Property devised, or given by will.

De*vise" (?), n. Device. See Device. [Obs.]

Dev`i*see" (?), n. (Law) One to whom a devise is made, or real estate given by will.

De*vis"er (?), n. One who devises.

De*vis"or (?), n. (Law) One who devises, or gives real estate by will; a testator; -- correlative to devisee.

Dev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. devitare to avoid; de + vitare to shun, avoid.] Avoidable. [Obs.]

De*vi"tal*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of life or vitality. -- De*vi`tal*i*za"tion (#), n.

Dev`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. devitatio.] An avoiding or escaping; also, a warning. [Obs.] Bailey.

De*vit`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of devitrifying, or the state of being devitrified. Specifically, the conversion of molten glassy matter into a stony mass by slow cooling, the result being the formation of crystallites, microbites, etc., in the glassy base, which are then called devitrification products.

De*vit"ri*fy (?), v. t. To deprive of glasslike character; to take away vitreous luster and transparency from.

De*vo"cal*ize (?), v. t. To make toneless; to deprive of vowel quality. -- De*vo`cal*i*za"tion, n.

> If we take a high vowel, such as (i) [= nearly i of bit], and devocalize it, we obtain a hiss which is quite distinct enough to stand for a weak (jh).

H. Sweet.

Dev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L. devocare to call off or away; de + vocare to call.] A calling off or away. [R.] Hallywell.

De*void" (?), v. t. [OE. devoiden to leave, OF. desvuidier, desvoidier, to empty out. See Void.] To empty out; to remove.

De*void", a. [See Devoid, v. t.] 1. Void; empty; vacant. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Destitute; not in possession; -- with of; as, devoid of sense; devoid of pity or of pride.

||De*voir" (?), n. [F., fr. L. debere to owe. See Due.] Duty; service owed; hence, due act of civility or respect; -- now usually in the plural; as, they paid their devoirs to the ladies. "Do now your devoid, young knights!" Chaucer.

Dev"o*lute (?), v. t. [L. devolutus, p. p. of devolvere. See Devolve.] To devolve. [Obs.] Foxe.

Dev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [LL. devolutio: cf. F. dévolution.] 1. The act of rolling down. [R.]

> The devolution of earth down upon the valleys.

Woodward.

2. Transference from one person to another; a passing or devolving upon a successor.

> The devolution of the crown through a . . . channel known and conformable to old constitutional requisitions.

De Quincey.

De*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Devolving.] [L. devolvere, devolutum, to roll down; de + volvere to roll down; de + volvere to roll. See Voluble.] 1. To roll onward or downward; to pass on.

> Every headlong stream
> Devolves its winding waters to the main.

Akenside.

> Devolved his rounded periods.

Tennyson.

2. To transfer from one person to another; to deliver over; to hand down; -- generally with upon, sometimes with to or into.

> They devolved a considerable share of their power upon their favorite.

Burke.

> They devolved their whole authority into the hands of the council of sixty.

Addison.

De*volve", v. i. To pass by transmission or succession; to be handed over or down; -- generally with on or upon, sometimes with to or into; as, after the general fell, the command devolved upon (or on) the next officer in rank.

> His estate . . . devolved to Lord Somerville.

Johnson.

De*volve"ment (?), n. The act or process of devolving;; devolution.

De"von (?), n. One of a breed of hardy cattle originating in the country of Devon, England. Those of pure blood have a deep red color. The small, longhorned variety, called North Devons, is distinguished by the superiority of its working oxen.

De*vo"ni*an (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to Devon or Devonshire in England; as, the Devonian rocks, period, or system.

Devonian age (Geol.), the age next older than the Carboniferous and later than the Silurian; -- called also the Age of fishes. The various strata of this age compose the Devonian formation or system, and include the old red sandstone of Great Britain. They contain, besides plants and numerous invertebrates, the bony portions of many large and remarkable fishes of extinct groups. See the Diagram under Geology.

De*vo"ni*an, n. The Devonian age or formation.

Dev`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. devoratio. See Devour.] The act of devouring. [Obs.] Holinshed.

De*vo"ta*ry (?), n. [See Devote, Votary.] A votary. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

De*vote" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Devoting.] [L. devotus, p. p. of devovere; de + vovere to vow. See Vow, and cf. Devout, Devow.] 1. To appropriate by vow; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act; to consecrate; also, to consign over; to doom; to evil; to devote one to destruction; the city was devoted to the flames.

> No devoted thing that a man shall devote unto the Lord . . . shall be sold or redeemed.

Lev. xxvii. 28.

2. To execrate; to curse. [Obs.]

3. To give up wholly; to addict; to direct the attention of wholly or compound; to attach; -- often with a reflexive pronoun; as, to devote one's self to science, to one's friends, to piety, etc.

<! p. 404 !>

> Thy servant who is devoted to thy fear.

Ps. cxix. 38.

> They devoted themselves unto all wickedness.

Grew.

> A leafless and simple branch . . . devoted to the purpose of climbing.

Gray.

Syn. -- To addict; apply; dedicate; consecrate; resign; destine; doom; consign. See Addict.

De*vote" (?), a. [L. devotus, p. p.] Devoted; addicted; devout. [Obs.] Milton.

De*vote", n. A devotee. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

De*vot"ed, a. Consecrated to a purpose; strongly attached; zealous; devout; as, a devoted admirer. -- De*vot"ed*ly, adv. -- De*vot"ed*ness, n.

Dev`o*tee" (?), n. One who is wholly devoted; esp., one given wholly to religion; one who is superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies; a bigot.

> While Father Le Blanc was very devout he was not a devotee.

A. S. Hardy.

De*vote"ment (?), n. The state of being devoted, or set apart by a vow. [R.] Bp. Hurd.

De*vot"er (?), n. One who devotes; a worshiper.

De*vo"tion (?), n. [F. dévotion, L. devotio.] 1. The act of devoting; consecration.

2. The state of being devoted; addiction; eager inclination; strong attachment love or affection; zeal; especially, feelings toward God appropriately expressed by acts of worship; devoutness.

> Genius animated by a fervent spirit of devotion.

Macaulay.

3. Act of devotedness or devoutness; manifestation of strong attachment; act of worship; prayer. "The love of public devotion." Hooker.

4. Disposal; power of disposal. [Obs.]

> They are entirely at our devotion, and may be turned backward and forward, as we please.

Godwin.

5. A thing consecrated; an object of devotion. [R.]

> Churches and altars, priests and all devotions,
> Tumbled together into rude chaos.

Beau. & Fl.

Days of devotion. See under Day.

Syn. -- Consecration; devoutness; religiousness; piety; attachment; devotedness; ardor; earnestness.

De*vo"tion*al (?), a. [L. devotionalis.] Pertaining to, suited to, or used in, devotion; as, a devotional posture; devotional exercises; a devotional frame of mind.

{ De*vo"tion*al*ist, De*vo"tion*ist, } n. One given to devotion, esp. to excessive formal devotion.

De*vo`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The practice of a devotionalist. A. H. Clough.

De*vo"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In a devotional manner; toward devotion.

||De*vo"to (?), n. [It.] A devotee. Dr. J. Scott.

De*vo"tor (?), n. [L.] A worshiper; one given to devotion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

De*vour" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Devoured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Devouring.] [F. dévorer, fr. L. devorare; de + vorare to eat greedily, swallow up. See Voracious.] 1. To eat up with greediness; to consume ravenously; to feast upon like a wild beast or a glutton; to prey upon.

> Some evil beast hath devoured him.

Gen. xxxvii. 20.

2. To seize upon and destroy or appropriate greedily, selfishly, or wantonly; to consume; to swallow up; to use up; to waste; to annihilate.

> Famine and pestilence shall devour him.

Ezek. vii. 15.

> I waste my life and do my days devour.

Spenser.

3. To enjoy with avidity; to appropriate or take in eagerly by the senses.

> Longing they look, and gaping at the sight,
> Devour her o'er with vast delight.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To consume; waste; destroy; annihilate.

De*vour"a*ble (?), a. That may be devoured.

De*vour"er (?), n. One who, or that which, devours.

De*vour"ing*ly, adv. In a devouring manner.

De*vout" (?), a. [OE. devot, devout, F. dévot, from L. devotus devoted, p. p. of devovere. See Devote, v. t.] 1. Devoted to religion or to religious feelings and duties; absorbed in religious exercises; given to devotion; pious; reverent; religious.

> A devout man, and one that feared God.

Acts x. 2.

> We must be constant and devout in the worship of God.

Rogers.

2. Expressing devotion or piety; as, eyes devout; sighs devout; a devout posture. Milton.

3. Warmly devoted; hearty; sincere; earnest; as, devout wishes for one's welfare.

The devout, devoutly religious persons, those who are sincerely pious.

Syn. -- Holy; pure; religious; prayerful; pious; earnest; reverent; solemn; sincere.

De*vout", n. 1. A devotee. [Obs.] Sheldon.

2. A devotional composition, or part of a composition; devotion. [Obs.] Milton.

De*vout"ful (?), a. 1. Full of devotion. [R.]

2. Sacred. [R.]

> To take her from austerer check of parents,
> To make her his by most devoutful rights.

Marston.

De*vout"less, a. Destitute of devotion. -- De*vout"less*ly, adv. - - De*vout"less*ness, n.

De*vout"ly, adv. 1. In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously.

> Cast her fair eyes to heaven and prayed devoutly.

Shak.

2. Sincerely; solemnly; earnestly.

> 'T is a consummation
> Devoutly to be wished.

Shak.

De*vout"ness, n. Quality or state of being devout.

De*vove" (?), v. t. [See Devote, v. t.] To devote. [Obs.] Cowley.

De*vow" (?), v. t. [F. dévouer, L. devovere. See Devote, v. t.] 1. To give up; to devote. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. OF. desvoer. Cf. Disavow.] To disavow; to disclaim. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

De*vul"gar*ize (?), v. t. To free from what is vulgar, common, or narrow.

> Shakespeare and Plutarch's "Lives" are very devulgarizing books.

E. A. Abbott.

Dew (d), n. [AS. deáw; akin to D. dauw, G. thau, tau, Icel. dögg, Sw. dagg, Dan. dug; cf. Skr. dhav, dhv, to flow. √72. Cf. Dag dew.] 1. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their surfaces, particularly at night.

> Her tears fell with the dews at even.

Tennyson.

2. Figuratively, anything which falls lightly and in a refreshing manner. "The golden dew of sleep." Shak.

3. An emblem of morning, or fresh vigor. "The dew of his youth." Longfellow.

Dew is used in combination; as, dew- bespangled, dew-drenched, dewdrop, etc.

Dew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dewing.] To wet with dew or as with dew; to bedew; to moisten; as with dew.

> The grasses grew
> A little ranker since they dewed them so.

A. B. Saxton.

Dew, a. & n. Same as Due, or Duty. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dew"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of certain species of bramble (Rubus); in England, the fruit of R. cæsius, which has a glaucous bloom; in America, that of R. canadensis and R. hispidus, species of low blackberries. (b) The plant which bears the fruit.

> Feed him with apricots and dewberries.

Shak.

Dew"claw` (?), n. In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or small hoof not reaching the ground.

> Some cut off the dewclaws [of greyhounds].

J. H. Walsh.

Dew"drop` (?), n. A drop of dew. Shak.

Dew"fall` (?), n. The falling of dew; the time when dew begins to fall.

Dew"i*ness (?), n. State of being dewy.

Dew"lap` (?), n. [Dew + lap to lick.] 1. The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.

2. The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age. [Burlesque]

> On her withered dewlap pour the ale.

Shak.

Dew"lapped` (?), a. Furnished with a dewlap.

Dew"less, a. Having no dew. Tennyson.

Dew"-point` (?), n. (Meteor.) The temperature at which dew begins to form. It varies with the humidity and temperature of the atmosphere.

Dew"ret` (?), v. t. [Dew + ret, v. t.] To ret or rot by the process called dewretting.

Dew"ret`ting, n. Dewrotting; the process of decomposing the gummy matter of flax and hemp and setting the fibrous part, by exposure on a sward to dew, rain, and sunshine.

Dew"rot` (?), v. t. To rot, as flax or hemp, by exposure to rain, dew, and sun. See Dewretting.

Dew"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Earthworm.

Dew"y (?), a. 1. Pertaining to dew; resembling, consisting of, or moist with, dew.

> A dewy mist
> Went and watered all the ground.

Milton.

> When dewy eve her curtain draws.

Keble.

2. Falling gently and beneficently, like the dew.

> Dewy sleep ambrosial.

Cowper.

3. (Bot.) Resembling a dew-covered surface; appearing as if covered with dew.

Dex"ter (?), a. [L.,; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. dakshi&?;a (cf. daksh to be strong, suit); Goth. taihswa, OHG. zeso. Cf. Dexterous.] 1. Pertaining to, or situated on, the right hand; right, as opposed to sinister, or left.

> On sounding wings a dexter eagle flew.

Pope.

2. (Her.) On the right-hand side of a shield, i. e., towards the right hand of its wearer. To a spectator in front, as in a pictorial representation, this would be the left side.

Dexter chief, or Dexter point (Her.), a point in the dexter upper corner of the shield, being in the dexter extremity of the chief, as A in the cut. -- Dexter base, a point in the dexter lower part or base of the shield, as B in the cut.

Dex*ter"i*cal (?), a. Dexterous. [Obs.]

Dex*ter"i*ty (?), n. [L. dexteritas, fr. dexter: cf. F. dextérité. See Dexter.] 1. Right-handedness.

2. Readiness and grace in physical activity; skill and ease in using the hands; expertness in manual acts; as, dexterity with the chisel.

> In youth quick bearing and dexterity.

Shak.

3. Readiness in the use or control of the mental powers; quickness and skill in managing any complicated or difficult affair; adroitness.

> His wisdom . . . was turned . . . into a dexterity to deliver himself.

Bacon.

> He had conducted his own defense with singular boldness and dexterity.

Hallam.

Syn. -- Adroitness; activity; nimbleness; expertness; skill; cleverness; art; ability; address; tact; facility; aptness; aptitude; faculty. See Skill.

Dex"ter*ous (?), a. [L. dexter. See Dexter.] [Written also dextrous.] 1. Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs; skillful and active with the hands; handy; ready; as, a dexterous hand; a dexterous workman.

2. Skillful in contrivance; quick at inventing expedients; expert; as, a dexterous manager.

> Dexterous the craving, fawning crowd to quit.

Pope.

3. Done with dexterity; skillful; artful; as, dexterous management. "Dexterous sleights of hand." Trench.

Syn. -- Adroit; active; expert; skillful; clever; able; ready; apt; handy; versed.

Dex"ter*ous*ly (?), adv. In a dexterous manner; skillfully.

Dex"ter*ous*ness, n. The quality of being dexterous; dexterity.

Dex"trad (?), adv. [L. dextra the right hand + ad to.] (Anat.) Toward the right side; dextrally.

Dex"tral (?), a. [From Dexter.] Right, as opposed to sinistral, or left.

Dextral shell (Zoöl.), a spiral shell the whorls of which turn from left right, or like the hands of a watch when the apex of the spire is toward the eye of the observer.

Dex*tral"i*ty (?), n. The state of being on the right-hand side; also, the quality of being right- handed; right-handedness. Sir T. Browne.

Dex"tral*ly (&?;), adv. Towards the right; as, the hands of a watch rotate dextrally.

Dex*trer" (?), n. A war horse; a destrer. [Obs.] "By him baiteth his dextrer." Chaucer.

Dex"trin (?), n. [Cf. F. dextrine, G. dextrin. See Dexter.] (Chem.) A translucent, gummy, amorphous substance, nearly tasteless and odorless, used as a substitute for gum, for sizing, etc., and obtained from starch by the action of heat, acids, or diastase. It is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar. It is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right; -- called also British gum, Alsace gum, gommelin, leiocome, etc. See Achroödextrin, and Erythrodextrin.

Dex"tro- (?). A prefix, from L. dexter, meaning, pertaining to, or toward, the right; (Chem. & Opt.) having the property of turning the plane of polarized light to the right; as, dextrotartaric acid.

Dex*trog"er*ous (?), a. (Physics & Chem.) See Dextrogyrate.

Dex`tro*glu"cose` (?), n. [Dextro- + glucose.] (Chem.) Same as Dextrose.

Dex`tro*gy"rate (?), a. [Dextro- + gyrate.] (Chem. & Opt.) Same as Dextrorotatory.

Dex*tron"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, dextrose; as, dextronic acid.

Dextronic acid, a sirupy substance obtained by the partial oxidation of various carbohydrates, as dextrose, etc.

Dex`tro*ro"ta*ry (?), a. (Physics & Chem.) See Dextrotatory.

Dex`tro*ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. [Dextro- + rotatory.] (Chem. & Opt.) Turning, or causing to turn, toward the right hand; esp., turning the plane of polarization of luminous rays toward the right hand; as, dextrorotatory crystals, sugars, etc. Cf. Levorotatory.

{ Dex*tror"sal (?), Dex"trorse` (?), } a. [L. dextrorsum, contr. fr. dextrovorsum, dextroversum, toward the right side; dexter right + versus, vorsus, p. p. of vertere, vortere, to turn.] Turning from the left to the right, in the ascending line, as in the spiral inclination of the stem of the common morning-glory.

At present scientists predicate dextrorse or sinistrorse quality of the plant regarded objectively; formerly the plant was regarded subjectively, and what is now called dextrorse was then considered sinistrorse.

Dex"trose` (dks"trs`), n. [See Dexter.] (Chem.) A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, C6H12O6 (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called invert sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also starch sugar. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice.

The solid products are known to the trade as grape sugar; the sirupy products as glucose, or mixing sirup. These are harmless, but are only about half as sweet as cane sugar or sucrose.

Dex"trous (?), a., Dex"trous*ly, adv., Dex"trous*ness, n. Same as Dexterous, Dexterously, etc.

Dey (?), n. [See Dairy.] A servant who has charge of the dairy; a dairymaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dey (?), n.; pl. Deys (#). [Turk. di, orig., a maternal uncle, then a friendly title formerly given to middle-aged or old people, especially among the Janizaries; and hence, in Algiers, consecrated at length to the commanding officer of that corps, who frequently became afterward pasha or regent of that province; hence the European misnomer of dey, as applied to the latter: cf. F. dey.] The governor of Algiers; -- so called before the French conquest in 1830.

Deye (?), v. i. To die. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Deyn"te, Deyn"tee (?) }, n. & a. See Dainty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

De*zinc`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act or process of freeing from zinc; also, the condition resulting from the removal of zinc.

De*zinc"i*fy (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + zinc + -fy.] To deprive of, or free from, zinc.

||Dhole (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fierce, wild dog (Canis Dukhunensis), found in the mountains of India. It is remarkable for its propensity to hunt the tiger and other wild animals in packs.

||Dho"ny (?), n. A Ceylonese boat. See Doni.

<! p. 405 !>

||Dhoor"ra, ||Dhour"ra, or Dhur"ra (&?;), n. Indian millet. See Durra.

||Dhow (?), n. [Ar. do?] A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail. [Also written dow.]

Di- (?). [Gr. di`s- twice; akin to &?; two, L. bis twice. See Two, and cf. Bi-, Dia-. The L. pref. dis- sometimes assumes the form di-. See Dis-.] A prefix, signifying twofold, double, twice; (Chem.) denoting two atoms, radicals, groups, or equivalents, as the case may be. See Bi-, 2.

{ Di"a- (?), Di- }. [Gr. dia` through; orig., dividing into two parts; akin to &?; two. See Two, and cf. 1st Di-.] A prefix denoting through; also, between, apart, asunder, across. Before a vowel dia-becomes di-; as, diactinic; dielectric, etc.

Di"a*base (?), n. [F. diabase, fr. Gr. &?; a crossing or passing over, fr. &?;; &?; + &?; to go; -- so called by Brongniart, because it passes over to diorite.] (Min.) A basic, dark-colored, holocrystalline, igneous rock, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and pyroxene with magnetic iron; -- often limited to rocks pretertiary in age. It includes part of what was early called greenstone.

Di*ab`a*te"ri*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; &?; (sc. &?;) offerings before crossing the border, fr. &?; to pass over. See Diabase.] Passing over the borders. [R.] Mitford.

Di`a*be"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or cross over. See Diabase.] (Med.) A disease which is attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine. Most frequently the urine is not only increased in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, in which case the disease is generally fatal.

||Diabetes mellitus [NL., sweet diabetes], that form of diabetes in which the urine contains saccharine matter. -- ||Diabetes insipidus [NL., lit., diabetes], the form of diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal constituent.

{ Di`a*bet"ic (?), Di`a*bet"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to diabetes; as, diabetic or diabetical treatment. Quian.

Diabetic sugar. (Chem.) Same as Dextrose.

{ ||Dia`ble*rie" (?), Di*ab"le*y (?), } n. [F. diablerie, fr. diable devil, L. diabolus. See Devil.] Devilry; sorcery or incantation; a diabolical deed; mischief.

{ Di`a*bol"ic (?), Di`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [L. diabolicus, Gr. &?; devilish, slanderous: cf. F. diabolique. See Devil.] Pertaining to the devil; resembling, or appropriate, or appropriate to, the devil; devilish; infernal; impious; atrocious; nefarious; outrageously wicked; as, a diabolic or diabolical temper or act. "Diabolic power." Milton. "The diabolical institution." Motley. -- Di`a*bol"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Di`a*bol"ic*al*ness, n.

Di`a*bol"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. diabolus devil + -fy.] To ascribed diabolical qualities to; to change into, or to represent as, a devil. [R.] Farindon.

Di*ab"o*lism (?), n. 1. Character, action, or principles appropriate to the devil.

2. Possession by the devil. Bp. Warburton.

Di*ab"o*lize (?), v. t. To render diabolical. [R.]

Di`a*ca*thol"i*con (?), n. [Pref. dia- + catholicon.] (Med.) A universal remedy; -- name formerly to a purgative electuary.

Di`a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref. dia- + caustic.] (Opt.) Pertaining to, or possessing the properties of, a species of caustic curves formed by refraction. See Caustic surface, under Caustic.

Di`a*caus"tic, n. 1. (Med.) That which burns by refraction, as a double convex lens, or the sun's rays concentrated by such a lens, sometimes used as a cautery.

2. (Math.) A curved formed by the consecutive intersections of rays of light refracted through a lens.

{ ||Di*ach"y*lon (?), ||Di*ach"y*lum (?), } n. [NL. diachylum, fr. Gr. &?; very juicy; dia` thoroughly + &?; juice.] (Med. & Chem.) A plaster originally composed of the juices of several plants (whence its name), but now made of an oxide of lead and oil, and consisting essentially of glycerin mixed with lead salts of the fat acids.

Di*ac"id (?), a. [Pref. di- + acid.] (Chem.) Divalent; -- said of a base or radical as capable of saturating two acid monad radicals or a dibasic acid. Cf. Dibasic, a., and Biacid.

||Di`a*co"di*um (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?; &?; from poppy heads; dia` through, from + &?; head, a poppy head.] A sirup made of poppies.

Di*ac"o*nal (?), a. [LL. diaconalis: cf. F. diaconal. Cf. Deacon.] Of or pertaining to a deacon.

Di*ac"o*nate (?), n. [L. diaconatus: cf. F. diaconat.] The office of a deacon; deaconship; also, a body or board of deacons.

Di*ac"o*nate, a. Governed by deacons. "Diaconate church." T. Goodwin.

||Di*ac"o*pe (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a cutting in two; dia` through + &?;.] (Gram.) Tmesis.

Di`a*cous"tic (?), a. [Pref. di- + acoustic.] Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds.

Di`a*cous"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. diacoustique.] That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the properties of sound as affected by passing through different mediums; -- called also diaphonics. See the Note under Acoustics.

{ Di`a*crit"ic (?), Di`a*crit"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to separate, distinguish; dia` through + &?; to separate. See Critic.] That separates or distinguishes; -- applied to points or marks used to distinguish letters of similar form, or different sounds of the same letter, as, , , ä, , , etc. "Diacritical points." Sir W. Jones.

> A glance at this typography will reveal great difficulties, which diacritical marks necessarily throw in the way of both printer and writer.

A. J. Ellis.

Di`ac*tin"ic (?), a. [Pref. di- + actinic.] (Physics) Capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light; as, diactinic media.

||Di`a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; brother.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles by their filaments.

{ Di`a*del"phi*an (?), Di`a*del"phous (?), } a. [Cf. F. diadelphe.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Diadelphia; having the stamens united into two bodies by their filaments (said of a plant or flower); grouped into two bundles or sets by coalescence of the filaments (said of stamens).

Di"a*dem (?), n. [F. diadème, L. diadema, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to bind round; dia` through, across + &?; to bind; cf. Skr. d to bind.] 1. Originally, an ornamental head band or fillet, worn by Eastern monarchs as a badge of royalty; hence (later), also, a crown, in general. "The regal diadem." Milton.

2. Regal power; sovereignty; empire; -- considered as symbolized by the crown.

3. (Her.) An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a coronet), and uniting with others over its center.

Diadem lemur. (Zoöl.) See Indri. -- Diadem spider (Zoöl.), the garden spider.

Di"a*dem, v. t. To adorn with a diadem; to crown.

> Not so, when diadem'd with rays divine.

Pope.

> To terminate the evil,
> To diadem the right.

R. H. Neale.

Di"a*drom (?), n. [Gr. &?; a running through; dia` through + &?;, used as inf. aor. of &?; to run.] A complete course or vibration; time of vibration, as of a pendulum. [Obs.] Locke.

{ Di*ær"e*sis, Di*er"e*sis } (?; 277), n.; pl. Diæreses or Diereses (#). [L. diaeresis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to divide; dia` through, asunder + &?; to take. See Heresy.] 1. (Gram.) The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the opposite of synæresis.

2. A mark consisting of two dots [], placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters; as, coöperate, aërial.

Di`æ*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; dividing.] (Med.) Caustic. [Obs.]

Di`a*ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. dia` through, at variance + &?; earth + &?; turning.] (Bot.) Relating to, or exhibiting, diageotropism.

Di`a*ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) The tendency of organs (as roots) of plants to assume a position oblique or transverse to a direction towards the center of the earth.

Di"a*glyph (?), n. [Gr. &?; to engrave; dia` through + &?; to carve.] An intaglio. Mollett.

{ Di`a*glyph"ic (?), Di`a*glyph"tic (?), } a. Represented or formed by depressions in the general surface; as, diaglyphic sculpture or engraving; -- opposed to anaglyphic.

Di`ag*nose" (?), v. t. & i. To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See Diagnosticate.

Di`ag*no"sis (?), n.; pl. Diagnoses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to distinguish; dia` through, asunder + &?; to know. See Know.] 1. (Med.) The art or act of recognizing the presence of disease from its signs or symptoms, and deciding as to its character; also, the decision arrived at.

2. Scientific determination of any kind; the concise description of characterization of a species.

3. Critical perception or scrutiny; judgment based on such scrutiny; esp., perception of, or judgment concerning, motives and character.

> The quick eye for effects, the clear diagnosis of men's minds, and the love of epigram.

Compton Reade.

> My diagnosis of his character proved correct.

J. Payn.

Differential diagnosis (Med.), the determination of the distinguishing characteristics as between two similar diseases or conditions.

Di`ag*nos"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; able to distinguish, fr. &?;: cf. F. diagnostique.] Pertaining to, or furnishing, a diagnosis; indicating the nature of a disease.

Di`ag*nos"tic, n. The mark or symptom by which one disease is known or distinguished from others.

Di`ag*nos"ti*cate (?), v. t. & i. [From Diagnostic.] To make a diagnosis of; to recognize by its symptoms, as a disease.

Di`ag*nos"tics (?), n. That part of medicine which has to do with ascertaining the nature of diseases by means of their symptoms or signs.

> His rare skill in diagnostics.

Macaulay.

Di`a*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to transmit + -meter.] A sort of electroscope, invented by Rousseau, in which the dry pile is employed to measure the amount of electricity transmitted by different bodies, or to determine their conducting power. Nichol.

Di*ag"o*nal (?), a. [L. diagonalis, fr. Gr. &?; from to angle; dia` through + &?; an angle; perh. akin to E. knee: cf. F. diagonal.] (Geom.) Joining two not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure; running across from corner to corner; crossing at an angle with one of the sides.

Diagonal bond (Masonry), herringbone work. See Herringbone, a. -- Diagonal built (Shipbuilding), built by forming the outer skin of two layers of planking, making angles of about 45° with the keel, in opposite directions. -- Diagonal cleavage. See under Cleavage. -- Diagonal molding (Arch.), a chevron or zigzag molding. -- Diagonal rib. (Arch.) See Cross- springer. -- Diagonal scale, a scale which consists of a set of parallel lines, with other lines crossing them obliquely, so that their intersections furnish smaller subdivisions of the unit of measure than could be conveniently marked on a plain scale. -- Diagonal stratification. (Geol.) Same as Cross bedding, under Cross, a.

Di*ag"o*nal (?), n. 1. A right line drawn from one angle to another not adjacent, of a figure of four or more sides, and dividing it into two parts.

2. (Engin.) A member, in a framed structure, running obliquely across a panel.

3. A diagonal cloth; a kind of cloth having diagonal stripes, ridges, or welts made in the weaving.

Di*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In a diagonal direction.

Di`a*go"ni*al (?), a. Diagonal; diametrical; hence; diametrically opposed. [Obs.]

> Sin can have no tenure by law at all, but is rather an eternal outlaw, and in hostility with law past all atonement; both diagonal contraries, as much allowing one another as day and night together in one hemisphere.

Milton.

Di"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to mark out by lines; dia` through + &?; to draw, write: cf. F. diagramme. See Graphic.] 1. (Geom.) A figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration; a plan.

2. Any simple drawing made for mathematical or scientific purposes, or to assist a verbal explanation which refers to it; a mechanical drawing, as distinguished from an artistical one.

Indicator diagram. (Steam Engine) See Indicator card, under indicator

Di"a*gram, v. t. To put into the form of a diagram.

Di`a*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a diagram; showing by diagram. -- Di`a*gram*mat"ic*ly (#), adv.

Di"a*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; to draw: cf. F. diagraphe. See Diagram.] A drawing instrument, combining a protractor and scale.

{ Di`a*graph"ic (?), Di`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. diagraphique.] Descriptive.

Di`a*graph"ics (?), n. The art or science of descriptive drawing; especially, the art or science of drawing by mechanical appliances and mathematical rule.

Di`a*he`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; through, at variance + &?; sun + &?; turning.] (Bot.) Relating or, or manifesting, diaheliotropism.

Di`a*he`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency of leaves or other organs of plants to have their dorsal surface faced towards the rays of light.

Di"al (?), n. [LL. dialis daily, fr. L. dies day. See Deity.] 1. An instrument, formerly much used for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style or gnomon on a graduated arc or surface; esp., a sundial; but there are lunar and astral dials. The style or gnomon is usually parallel to the earth's axis, but the dial plate may be either horizontal or vertical.

2. The graduated face of a timepiece, on which the time of day is shown by pointers or hands.

3. A miner's compass.

Dial bird (Zoöl.), an Indian bird (Copsychus saularius), allied to the European robin. The name is also given to other related species. -- Dial lock, a lock provided with one or more plates having numbers or letters upon them. These plates must be adjusted in a certain determined way before the lock can be operated. -- Dial plate, the plane or disk of a dial or timepiece on which lines and figures for indicating the time are placed.

Di"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dialed (?) or Dialled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dialing or Dialling.] 1. To measure with a dial.

> Hours of that true time which is dialed in heaven.

Talfourd.

2. (Mining) To survey with a dial. Raymond.

Di"a*lect (?), n. [F. dialecte, L. dialectus, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to converse, discourse. See Dialogue.] 1. Means or mode of expressing thoughts; language; tongue; form of speech.

> This book is writ in such a dialect
> As may the minds of listless men affect.
> Bunyan.
> The universal dialect of the world.

South.

2. The form of speech of a limited region or people, as distinguished from ether forms nearly related to it; a variety or subdivision of a language; speech characterized by local peculiarities or specific circumstances; as, the Ionic and Attic were dialects of Greece; the Yorkshire dialect; the dialect of the learned.

> In the midst of this Babel of dialects there suddenly appeared a standard English language.

Earle.

> [Charles V.] could address his subjects from every quarter in their native dialect.

Prescott.

Syn. -- Language; idiom; tongue; speech; phraseology. See Language, and Idiom.

Di`a*lec"tal (?), a. Relating to a dialect; dialectical; as, a dialectical variant.

Di`a*lec"tic (?), n. Same as Dialectics.

> Plato placed his dialectic above all sciences.

Liddell & Scott.

{ Di`a*lec"tic (?), Di`a*lec"tic*al (?), } a. [L. dialecticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. dialectique. See Dialect.] 1. Pertaining to dialectics; logical; argumental.

2. Pertaining to a dialect or to dialects. Earle.

<! p. 406 !>

Di`a*lec"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a dialectical manner.

Di`a*lec*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. dialecticien.] One versed in dialectics; a logician; a reasoner.

Di`a*lec"tics (?), n. [L. dialectica (sc. ars), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. dialectique.] That branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning; the application of logical principles to discursive reasoning; the science or art of discriminating truth from error; logical discussion.

Dialectics was defined by Aristotle to be the method of arguing with probability on any given problem, and of defending a tenet without inconsistency. By Plato, it was used in the following senses: 1. Discussion by dialogue as a method of scientific investigation. 2. The method of investigating the truth by analysis. 3. The science of ideas or of the nature and laws of being -- higher metaphysics. By Kant, it was employed to signify the logic of appearances or illusions, whether these arise from accident or error, or from those necessary limitations which, according to this philosopher, originate in the constitution of the human intellect.

Di`a*lec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Dialect + -logy.] That branch of philology which is devoted to the consideration of dialects. Beck.

Di`a*lec"tor (?), n. One skilled in dialectics.

Di"al*ing (?), n. 1. The art of constructing dials; the science which treats of measuring time by dials. [Written also dialling.]

2. A method of surveying, especially in mines, in which the bearings of the courses, or the angles which they make with each other, are determined by means of the circumferentor.

Di"al*ist, n. A maker of dials; one skilled in dialing.

||Di*al"la*ge (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; interchange, change, fr. &?; to interchange.] (Rhet.) A figure by which arguments are placed in various points of view, and then turned to one point. Smart.

Di"al*lage (?; 277), n. [Gr. &?; change, alluding to the change and inequality of luster between the natural joints of the mineral.] (Min.) A dark green or bronze-colored laminated variety of pyroxene, common in certain igneous rocks.

Di"al*lel (?), a. [Gr. &?; crossing.] Meeting and intersecting, as lines; not parallel; -- opposed to parallel. [Obs.] Ash.

Di*al"lyl (?), n. (Chem.) A volatile, pungent, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H10, consisting of two allyl radicals, and belonging to the acetylene series.

Di`a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; belonging to discourse.] Relating to a dialogue; dialogistical. Burton.

Di`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner or nature of a dialogue. Goldsmith.

Di*al"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. dialogisme. See Dialogue.] An imaginary speech or discussion between two or more; dialogue. Fulke.

Di*al"o*gist (?), n. [L. dialogista: cf. F. dialogiste.] 1. A speaker in a dialogue.

2. A writer of dialogues. P. Skelton.

{ Di*al`o*gis"tic (?), Di*al`o*gis"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to a dialogue; having the form or nature of a dialogue. -- Di*al`o*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Di*al"o*gite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; an arguing.] (Min.) Native carbonate of manganese; rhodochrosite.

Di*al"o*gize (?), v. t. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. dialogiser.] To discourse in dialogue. Fotherby.

Di"a*logue (?; 115), n. [OE. dialogue, L. dialogus, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to converse, dia` through + &?; to speak: cf. F. dialogue. See Legend.] 1. A conversation between two or more persons; particularly, a formal conservation in theatrical performances or in scholastic exercises.

2. A written composition in which two or more persons are represented as conversing or reasoning on some topic; as, the Dialogues of Plato.

Di"a*logue, v. i. [Cf. F. dialoguer.] To take part in a dialogue; to dialogize. [R.] Shak.

Di"a*logue, v. t. To express as in dialogue. [R.]

> And dialogued for him what he would say.

Shak.

Di`al*y*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. dia` through, asunder + &?; to loose + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having separate petals; polypetalous.

||Di*al"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Dialyses (#). [L., separation, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to part asunder, dissolve; dia` through + &?; to loose.] 1. (Gram.) Diæresis. See Diæresis, 1.

2. (Rhet.) Same as Asyndeton.

3. (Med.) (a) Debility. (b) A solution of continuity; division; separation of parts.

4. (Chem.) The separation of different substances in solution, as crystalloids and colloids, by means of their unequal diffusion, especially through natural or artificial membranes.

Di`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See Dialysis.] Having the quality of unloosing or separating. Clarke.

Dialytic telescope, an achromatic telescope in which the colored dispersion produced by a single object lens of crown glass is corrected by a smaller concave lens, or combination of lenses, of high dispersive power, placed at a distance in the narrower part of the converging cone of rays, usually near the middle of the tube.

Di*al"y*zate (?), n. (Chem.) The material subjected to dialysis.

Di`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of dialysis.

Di"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dialyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dialyzing.] (Chem.) To separate, prepare, or obtain, by dialysis or osmose; to pass through an animal membrane; to subject to dialysis. [Written also dialyse.]

Di"a*lyzed (?), a. Prepared by diffusion through an animal membrane; as, dialyzed iron.

Di"a*ly`zer (?), n. The instrument or medium used to effect chemical dialysis.

Di`a*mag"net (?), n. [Pref. dia- + magnet.] A body having diamagnetic polarity.

Di`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, diamagnetism; taking, or being of a nature to take, a position at right angles to the lines of magnetic force. See Paramagnetic.

Diamagnetic attraction. See under Attraction.

Di`a*mag*net"ic, n. Any substance, as bismuth, glass, phosphorous, etc., which in a field of magnetic force is differently affected from the ordinary magnetic bodies, as iron; that is, which tends to take a position at right angles to the lines of magnetic force, and is repelled by either pole of the magnet.

Di`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of, or according to, diamagnetism.

Di`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. 1. The science which treats of diamagnetic phenomena, and of the properties of diamagnetic bodies.

2. That form or condition of magnetic action which characterizes diamagnetics.

Di`a*man*tif"er*ous (?), a. [F. diamant diamond + -ferous.] Yielding diamonds.

Di`a*man"tine (?), a. Adamantine. [Obs.]

Di*am"e*ter (?), n. [F. diamètre, L. diametros, fr. Gr. &?;; dia` through + &?; measure. See Meter.] 1. (Geom.) (a) Any right line passing through the center of a figure or body, as a circle, conic section, sphere, cube, etc., and terminated by the opposite boundaries; a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords drawn in a curve. (b) A diametral plane.

2. The length of a straight line through the center of an object from side to side; width; thickness; as, the diameter of a tree or rock.

In an elongated object the diameter is usually taken at right angles to the longer axis.

3. (Arch.) The distance through the lower part of the shaft of a column, used as a standard measure for all parts of the order. See Module.

Conjugate diameters. See under Conjugate.

Di*am"e*tral (?), a. [Gr. F. diamétral.] Pertaining to a diameter; diametrical.

Diametral curve, Diametral surface (Geom.), any line or surface which bisects a system of parallel chords drawn in a curve or surface. -- Diametral planes (Crystal.), planes in which two of the axes lie.

Di*am"e*tral, n. A diameter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Di*am"e*tral*ly, adv. Diametrically.

{ Di*am"e*tric (?), Di*am"e*tric*al (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining to a diameter.

2. As remote as possible, as if at the opposite end of a diameter; directly adverse.

Di*am"e*tric*al*ly, adv. In a diametrical manner; directly; as, diametrically opposite.

> Whose principles were diametrically opposed to his.

Macaulay.

Di*am"ide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + amide.] (Chem.) Any compound containing two amido groups united with one or more acid or negative radicals, -- as distinguished from a diamine. Cf. Amido acid, under Amido, and Acid amide, under Amide.

Di*am"i*do- (&?;), a. (Chem.) A prefix or combining form of Diamine. [Also used adjectively.]

Di*am"ine (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + amine.] (Chem.) A compound containing two amido groups united with one or more basic or positive radicals, -- as contrasted with a diamide.

In chemical nomenclature, if any amine or diamine is named by prefixing the nitrogen group, the name of the latter takes the form of amido, diamido, etc., thus ethylene diamine, C2H4.(NH2)2, is also called diamido-ethylene.

Di"a*mond (?; 277), n. [OE. diamaund, diamaunt, F. diamant, corrupted, fr. L. adamas, the hardest iron, steel, diamond, Gr. &?;. Perh. the corruption is due to the influence of Gr. &?; transparent. See Adamant, Tame.] 1. A precious stone or gem excelling in brilliancy and beautiful play of prismatic colors, and remarkable for extreme hardness.

The diamond is native carbon in isometric crystals, often octahedrons with rounded edges. It is usually colorless, but some are yellow, green, blue, and even black. It is the hardest substance known. The diamond as found in nature (called a rough diamond) is cut, for use in jewelry, into various forms with many reflecting faces, or facets, by which its brilliancy is much increased. See Brilliant, Rose. Diamonds are said to be of the first water when very transparent, and of the second or third water as the transparency decreases.

2. A geometrical figure, consisting of four equal straight lines, and having two of the interior angles acute and two obtuse; a rhombus; a lozenge.

3. One of a suit of playing cards, stamped with the figure of a diamond.

4. (Arch.) A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid, used for ornament in lines or groups.

5. (Baseball) The infield; the square space, 90 feet on a side, having the bases at its angles.

6. (Print.) The smallest kind of type in English printing, except that called brilliant, which is seldom seen.

This line is printed in the type called Diamond.

Black diamond, coal; (Min.) See Carbonado. -- Bristol diamond. See Bristol stone, under Bristol. -- Diamond beetle (Zoöl.), a large South American weevil (Entimus imperialis), remarkable for its splendid luster and colors, due to minute brilliant scales. -- Diamond bird (Zoöl.), a small Australian bird (Pardalotus punctatus, family Ampelidæ.). It is black, with white spots. -- Diamond drill (Engin.), a rod or tube the end of which is set with black diamonds; -- used for perforating hard substances, esp. for boring in rock. -- Diamond finch (Zoöl.), a small Australian sparrow, often kept in a cage. Its sides are black, with conspicuous white spots, and the rump is bright carmine. -- Diamond groove (Iron Working), a groove of V-section in a roll. -- Diamond mortar (Chem.), a small steel mortar used for pulverizing hard substances. - - Diamond-point tool, a cutting tool whose point is diamond-shaped. -- Diamond snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of Australia (Morelia spilotes); the carpet snake. -- Glazier's diamond, a small diamond set in a glazier's tool, for cutting glass.

Di"a*mond (?; 277), a. Resembling a diamond; made of, or abounding in, diamonds; as, a diamond chain; a diamond field.

Di"a*mond-back` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The salt-marsh terrapin of the Atlantic coast (Malacoclemmys palustris).

Di"a*mond*ed, a. 1. Having figures like a diamond or lozenge.

2. Adorned with diamonds; diamondized. Emerson.

Di"a*mond*ize (?), v. t. To set with diamonds; to adorn; to enrich. [R.]

> Diamondizing of your subject.

B. Jonson.

Di"a*mond-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a diamond or rhombus.

Di*am"y*lene (?), n. [Pref. di- + amylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H20, of the ethylene series, regarded as a polymeric form of amylene.

Di"an (?), a. Diana. [Poetic]

Di*a"na (?), n. [L. Diana.] (Myth.) The daughter of Jupiter and Latona; a virgin goddess who presided over hunting, chastity, and marriage; -- identified with the Greek goddess Artemis.

> And chaste Diana haunts the forest shade.

Pope.

Diana monkey (Zoöl.), a handsome, white-bearded monkey of West Africa (Cercopithecus Diana).

||Di*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?;, &?;, a man, a male.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having two stamens.

Di*an"dri*an (?), a. Diandrous.

Di*an"drous (?), n. [Cf. F. diandre.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Diandria; having two stamens.

||Di*a"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Diana; either as the name of the Roman goddess, or from its use in OE. as a name of silver.] (Chem.) Same as Columbium. [Obs.]

Di`a*no*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; dia` through + &?; to revolve in the mind.] (Metaph.) Pertaining to the discursive faculty, its acts or products.

> I would employ . . . dianoetic to denote the operation of the discursive, elaborative, or comparative faculty.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Di`a*noi*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; thought + -logy.] The science of the dianoetic faculties, and their operations. Sir W. Hamilton.

Di*an"thus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, gen. &?;, Zeus + 'a`nqos flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants containing some of the most popular of cultivated flowers, including the pink, carnation, and Sweet William.

Di"a*pase (?), n. Same as Diapason. [Obs.]

> A tuneful diapase of pleasures.

Spenser.

Di"a*pasm (?), n. [L. diapasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;; dia` through + &?; to sprinkle: cf. F. diapasme.] Powdered aromatic herbs, sometimes made into little balls and strung together. [Obs.]

Di`a*pa"son (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. diapasw^n (i. e., "h dia` pasw^n chordw^n symfoni`a the concord of the first and last notes, the octave); dia` through + pasw^n, gen. pl. of pa^s all: cf. F. diapason. Cf. Panacea.] 1. (Gr. Mus.) The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale.

2. Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony.

> The fair music that all creatures made . . .
> In perfect diapason.

Milton.

3. The entire compass of tones.

> Through all the compass of the notes it ran,
> The diapason closing full in man.

Dryden.

4. A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; as, the French normal diapason.

5. One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as open diapason, stopped diapason, double diapason, and the like.

||Di`a*pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaping or oozing through, fr. &?; to leap through; dia` through + &?; to leap.] (Med.) The passage of the corpuscular elements of the blood from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, without rupture of the walls of the blood vessels.

||Di`a*pen"te (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a fifth; dia` through + &?; five: cf. F. diapente.] 1. (Anc. Mus.) The interval of the fifth.

2. (Med.) A composition of five ingredients.

Di"a*per (?), n. [OF. diaspre, diapre, diaspe, sort of figured cloth, It. diaspro jasper, diaspo figured cloth, from L. jaspis a green-colored precious stone. See Jasper.] 1. Any textile fabric (esp. linen or cotton toweling) woven in diaper pattern. See 2.

2. (Fine Arts) Surface decoration of any sort which consists of the constant repetition of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced.

<! p. 407 !>

3. A towel or napkin for wiping the hands, etc.

> Let one attend him with a silver basin, . . .
> Another bear the ewer, the third a diaper.

Shak.

4. An infant's breechcloth.

Di"a*per (?), v. t. 1. To ornament with figures, etc., arranged in the pattern called diaper, as cloth in weaving. "Diapered light." H. Van Laun.

> Engarlanded and diapered
> With in wrought flowers.

Tennyson.

2. To put a diaper on (a child).

Di"a*per, v. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. "If you diaper on folds." Peacham.

Di"a*per*ing, n. Same as Diaper, n., 2.

Di"a*phane (?), n. [Cf. F. diaphane diaphanous. See Diaphanous.] A woven silk stuff with transparent and colored figures; diaper work.

Di"a*phaned (?), a. [Cf. OF. diaphaner to make transparent. See Diaphanous.] Transparent or translucent. [R.]

Di`a*pha*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. diaphanéité. See Diaphanous.] The quality of being diaphanous; transparency; pellucidness.

Di`a*phan"ic (?), a. [See Diaphanous.] Having power to transmit light; transparent; diaphanous.

Di*aph"a*nie (?), n. The art of imitating stained glass with translucent paper.

Di`a*pha*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; transparent + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the transparency of the air.

Di`a*phan"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; transparent + -scope.] (Photog.) A dark box constructed for viewing transparent pictures, with or without a lens.

Di`a*phan"o*type (?), n. [Gr. &?; transparent + -type.] (Photog.) A colored photograph produced by superimposing a translucent colored positive over a strong uncolored one.

Di*aph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show or shine through; dia` through + &?; to show, and in the passive, to shine: cf. F. diaphane. See Phantom, and cf. Diaphane, Diaphanic.] Allowing light to pass through, as porcelain; translucent or transparent; pellucid; clear.

> Another cloud in the region of them, light enough to be fantastic and diaphanous.

Landor.

Di*aph"a*nous*ly, adv. Translucently.

Di*aph`e*met"ric (?), a. [Gr. dia` through + &?; touch + &?; measure.] (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the tactile sensibility of parts; as, diaphemetric compasses. Dunglison.

{ Di`a*phon"ic (?), Di`a*phon"ic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. dia` through + &?; sound, tone.] Diacoustic.

Di`a*phon"ics (?), n. The doctrine of refracted sound; diacoustics.

||Di`a*pho*re"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to carry through, to throw off by perspiration; dia` through + &?; to carry.] (Med.) Perspiration, or an increase of perspiration.

{ Di`a*pho*ret"ic (?), Di`a*pho*ret"ic*al (?), } a. [L. diaphoreticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. diaphorétique. See Diaphoresis.] Having the power to increase perspiration.

Di`a*pho*ret"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine or agent which promotes perspiration.

Diaphoretics differ from sudorifics; the former only increase the insensible perspiration, the latter excite the sensible discharge called sweat. Parr.

Di"a*phote (?), n. [Pref. dia- + Gr. &?;, light.] (Elec.) An instrument designed for transmitting pictures by telegraph. Fallows.

Di"a*phragm (?), n. [L. diaphragma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to fence by a partition wall; dia` through + &?;, &?;, to fence, inclose; prob. akin to L. fareire to stuff: cf. F. diaphragme. See Farce.] 1. A dividing membrane or thin partition, commonly with an opening through it.

2. (Anat.) The muscular and tendinous partition separating the cavity of the chest from that of the abdomen; the midriff.

3. (Zoöl.) A calcareous plate which divides the cavity of certain shells into two parts.

4. (Opt.) A plate with an opening, which is generally circular, used in instruments to cut off marginal portions of a beam of light, as at the focus of a telescope.

5. (Mach.) A partition in any compartment, for various purposes.

Diaphragm pump, one in which a flexible diaphragm takes the place of a piston.

Di`a*phrag*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. diaphragmatique.] Pertaining to a diaphragm; as, diaphragmatic respiration; the diaphragmatic arteries and nerves.

Di*aph"y*sis (?), n. [Gr. &?; a growing through; dia` through + &?; to bring forth.] 1. (Bot.) An abnormal prolongation of the axis of inflorescence.

2. (Anat.) The shaft, or main part, of a bone, which is first ossified.

Di`ap*no"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; outlet for the wind, exhalation, fr. &?; to blow through; dia` through + &?; to blow, breathe: cf. F. diapnoïque.] (Med.) Slightly increasing an insensible perspiration; mildly diaphoretic. -- n. A gentle diaphoretic.

Di*ap`o*phys"ic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a diapophysis.

||Di`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Dia-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The dorsal transverse, or tubercular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra.

Di"arch*y (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; to rule.] A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in two persons.

{ Di*a"ri*al (?), Di*a"ri*an (?), } a. [See Diary.] Pertaining to a diary; daily.

Di"a*rist (?), n. One who keeps a diary.

{ Di`ar*rhe"a, Di`ar*rhœ"a }, (d`ar*r"), n. [L. diarrhoea, Gr. dia`rroia, fr. dia`rrei^n to flow through; dia` + "rei^n to flow; akin to E. stream. See Stream.] (Med.) A morbidly frequent and profuse discharge of loose or fluid evacuations from the intestines, without tenesmus; a purging or looseness of the bowels; a flux.

{ Di`ar*rhe"al, Di`ar*rhœ"al } a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to diarrhea; like diarrhea.

{ Di`ar*rhet"ic, Di`ar*rhœt"ic } (?), a. (Med.) Producing diarrhea, or a purging.

Di`ar*thro"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to diarthrosis, or movable articulations.

||Di`ar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to joint, articulate; dia` through, asunder + &?; to fasten by a joint, 'a`rqron joint.] (Anat.) A form of articulation which admits of considerable motion; a complete joint; abarticulation. See Articulation.

Di"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Diaries (#). [L. diarium, fr. dies day. See Deity.] A register of daily events or transactions; a daily record; a journal; a blank book dated for the record of daily memoranda; as, a diary of the weather; a physician's diary.

Di"a*ry, a. lasting for one day; as, a diary fever. [Obs.] "Diary ague." Bacon.

Di"a*spore (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a scattering; dia` through, asunder + &?; to sow, scatter like seed: cf. F. diaspore.] (Min.) A hydrate of alumina, often occurring in white lamellar masses with brilliant pearly luster; -- so named on account of its decrepitating when heated before the blowpipe.

Di"a*stase (?), n. [Gr. &?; separation, fr. &?;, &?; to stand apart; dia` through + &?;, &?;, to stand, set: cf. F. diastase. Cf. Diastasis.] (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble, nitrogenous ferment, capable of converting starch and dextrin into sugar.

The name is more particularly applied to that ferment formed during the germination of grain, as in the malting of barley; but it is also occasionally used to designate the amylolytic ferment contained in animal fluids, as in the saliva.

Di`a*sta"sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, diastase; as, diastasic ferment.

||Di*as"ta*sis (?), n. [NL. See Diastase.] (Surg.) A forcible separation of bones without fracture.

Di`a*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; separative. See Diastase.] (Physiol. Chem.) Relating to diastase; having the properties of diastase; effecting the conversion of starch into sugar.

> The influence of acids and alkalies on the diastatic action of saliva.

Lauder Brunton.

Di"a*stem (?), n. [L. diastema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. diastème.] (a) Intervening space; interval. (b) (Anc. Mus.) An interval.

||Di`a*ste"ma (?), n. [L. See Diastem.] (Anat.) A vacant space, or gap, esp. between teeth in a jaw.

Di*as"ter (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; star.] (Biol.) A double star; -- applied to the nucleus of a cell, when, during cell division, the loops of the nuclear network separate into two groups, preparatory to the formation of two daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis.

||Di*as"to*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put asunder, to separate; dia` through + &?; to set, to place.] 1. (Physiol.) The rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and arteries; -- correlative to systole, or contraction.

2. (Gram.) A figure by which a syllable naturally short is made long.

Di`as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to diastole.

Di"a*style (?), n. [L. diastylus, Gr. &?;; dia` through, asunder + &?; pillar, column: cf. F. diastyle.] (Arch.) See under Intercolumniation.

||Di`a*tes"sa*ron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;); dia` through + &?;, gen. of &?; four (sc. &?;.).] 1. (Anc. Mus.) The interval of a fourth.

2. (Theol.) A continuous narrative arranged from the first four books of the New Testament.

3. An electuary compounded of four medicines.

Di`a*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. &?; thoroughly warm; dia` through + &?; warm, hot. Cf. Diathermous.] Freely permeable by radiant heat.

{ Di`a*ther"man*cy (?), Di`a*ther`ma*ne"i*ty (?), } n. [See Diathermanous.] The property of transmitting radiant heat; the quality of being diathermous. Melloni.

Di`a*ther"ma*nism (?), n. The doctrine or the phenomena of the transmission of radiant heat. Nichol.

Di`a*ther"ma*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; to warm through; dia` through + &?; to warm, &?; warm.] Having the property of transmitting radiant heat; diathermal; -- opposed to athermanous.

Di`a*ther"mic (?), a. Affording a free passage to heat; as, diathermic substances. Melloni.

Di`a*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; warm + -meter. See Diathermal.] (Physics) An instrument for examining the thermal resistance or heat- conducting power of liquids.

Di`a*ther"mous (?), a. Same as Diathermal.

||Di*ath"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place separately, arrange; dia` through, asunder + &?; to place, put.] (Med.) Bodily condition or constitution, esp. a morbid habit which predisposes to a particular disease, or class of diseases.

Di`a*thet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or dependent on, a diathesis or special constitution of the body; as, diathetic disease.

Di"a*tom (d`*tm), n. [Gr. dia`tomos cut in two. See Diatomous.] 1. (Bot.) One of the Diatomaceæ, a family of minute unicellular Algæ having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, each individual multiplying by spontaneous division. By some authors diatoms are called Bacillariæ, but this word is not in general use.

2. A particle or atom endowed with the vital principle.

> The individual is nothing. He is no more than the diatom, the bit of protoplasm.

Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.

Di`a*tom"ic (d`*tm"k), a. [Pref. di- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Containing two atoms. (b) Having two replaceable atoms or radicals.

Di*at"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. dia`tomos cut through, fr. diate`mnein to cut through; dia` through + te`mnein to cut. Cf. Diatom.] (Min.) Having a single, distinct, diagonal cleavage; -- said of crystals. Mohs.

Di`a*ton"ic (d`*tn"k), a. [L. diatonicus, diatonus, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to stretch out; dia` through + &?; to stretch: cf. F. diatonique. See Tone.] (Mus.) Pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is the octave of the first.

Diatonic scale (Mus.), a scale consisting of eight sounds with seven intervals, of which two are semitones and five are whole tones; a modern major or minor scale, as distinguished from the chromatic scale.

Di`a*ton"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a diatonic manner.

Di"a*tribe (?; 277), n. [L. diatriba a learned discussion, Gr. &?;, prop., a wearing away of time, fr. &?; to rub away, spend time; dia` through + &?; to rub: cf. L. terere, F. trite: cf. F. diatribe.] A prolonged or exhaustive discussion; especially, an acrimonious or invective harangue; a strain of abusive or railing language; a philippic.

> The ephemeral diatribe of a faction.

John Morley.

Di*at"ri*bist (?), n. One who makes a diatribe or diatribes.

||Di`a*try"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. dia` through + &?; hole.] (Paleon.) An extinct eocene bird from New Mexico, larger than the ostrich.

{ Di`a*zeuc"tic (?), Di`a*zeu"tic (?), } a. [Gr. &?; disjunctive, fr. &?; to disjoin; dia` through, asunder + &?; to join, yoke.] (Anc. Mus.) Disjoining two fourths; as, the diazeutic tone, which, like that from F to G in modern music, lay between two fourths, and, being joined to either, made a fifth. [Obs.]

Di*az"o- (&?;). [Pref. di- + azo-] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), meaning pertaining to, or derived from, a series of compounds containing a radical of two nitrogen atoms, united usually to an aromatic radical; as, diazo-benzene, C6H5.N2.OH.

Diazo compounds are in general unstable, but are of great importance in recent organic chemistry. They are obtained by a partial reduction of the salts of certain amido compounds.

Diazo reactions (Chem.), a series of reactions whereby diazo compounds are employed in substitution. These reactions are of great importance in organic chemistry.

Di*az"o*tize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to such reactions or processes that diazo compounds, or their derivatives, shall be produced by chemical exchange or substitution.

Dib (?), v. i. To dip. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

Dib, n. 1. One of the small bones in the knee joints of sheep uniting the bones above and below the joints.

2. pl. A child's game, played with dib bones.

Di*ba"sic (?), a. [Pref. di- + basic.] (Chem.) Having two acid hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic atoms or radicals, in forming salts; bibasic; -- said of acids, as oxalic or sulphuric acids. Cf. Diacid, Bibasic.

In the case of certain acids dibasic and divalent are not synonymous; as, tartaric acid is tetravalent and dibasic, lactic acid is divalent but monobasic.

Di`ba*sic"i*ty (?), n. (Chem.) The property or condition of being dibasic.

Dib"ber (?), n. A dibble. Halliwell.

Dib"ble (?), n. [See Dibble, v. i.] A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which no set out plants or to plant seeds.

Dib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dibbling (?).] [Freq. of Prov. E. dib, for dip to thrust in. See Dip.] To dib or dip frequently, as in angling. Walton.

Dib"ble, v. t. 1. To plant with a dibble; to make holes in (soil) with a dibble, for planting.

2. To make holes or indentations in, as if with a dibble.

> The clayey soil around it was dibbled thick at the time by the tiny hoofs of sheep.

H. Miller.

Dib"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, dibbles, or makes holes in the ground for seed.

||Di*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; gills.] (Zoöl.) An order of cephalopods which includes those with two gills, an apparatus for emitting an inky fluid, and either eight or ten cephalic arms bearing suckers or hooks, as the octopi and squids. See Cephalopoda.

Di*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having two gills. -- n. One of the Dibranchiata.

<! p. 408 !>

Dibs (?), n. A sweet preparation or treacle of grape juice, much used in the East. Johnston.

Dib"stone` (?; 110), n. A pebble used in a child's game called dibstones. Locke.

Di*bu"tyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + butyl.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C8H18, of the marsh-gas series, being one of several octanes, and consisting of two butyl radicals. Cf. Octane.

Di*ca"cious (?), a. [L. dicax, dicacis, fr. dicere to say.] Talkative; pert; saucy. [Obs.]

Di*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. dicacitas: cf. F. dicacité. See Dicacious.] Pertness; sauciness. [Obs.]

Di*cal"cic (?), a. [Pref. di- + calcic.] (Chem.) Having two atoms or equivalents of calcium to the molecule.

Di`car*bon"ic (?), a. [Pref. di- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Containing two carbon residues, or two carboxyl or radicals; as, oxalic acid is a dicarbonic acid.

Di"cast (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to judge, &?; right, judgment, justice.] A functionary in ancient Athens answering nearly to the modern juryman.

Di*cas"ter*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; juryman. See Dicast.] A court of justice; judgment hall. [R.] J. S. Mill.

Dice (?), n.; pl. of Die. Small cubes used in gaming or in determining by chance; also, the game played with dice. See Die, n.

Dice coal, a kind of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments. Brande & C.

Dice, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Diced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dicing.] 1. To play games with dice.

> I . . . diced not above seven times a week.

Shak.

2. To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.

Dice"box` (?), n. A box from which dice are thrown in gaming. Thackeray.

||Di*cen"tra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; spur.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, with racemes of two-spurred or heart-shaped flowers, including the Dutchman's breeches, and the more showy Bleeding heart (D. spectabilis). [Corruptly written dielytra.]

Di*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; head.] Having two heads on one body; double-headed.

Di"cer (?), n. A player at dice; a dice player; a gamester.

> As false as dicers' oaths.

Shak.

Dich (?), v. i. To ditch. [Obs.]

Di*chas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to part asunder, fr. &?; in two, asunder, fr. di`s- twice.] (Biol.) Capable of subdividing spontaneously.

Di`chla*myd"e*ous (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?;, &?;, a cloak.] (Bot.) Having two coverings, a calyx and in corolla.

Di*chlo"ride (?), n. [Pref. di- + chloride.] (Chem.) Same as Bichloride.

Di*chog"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting dichogamy.

Di*chog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; in two, asunder + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) The condition of certain species of plants, in which the stamens and pistil do not mature simultaneously, so that these plants can never fertilize themselves.

Di*chot"o*mist (?), n. One who dichotomizes. Bacon.

Di*chot"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dichotomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dichotomizing (?).] [See Dichotomous.] 1. To cut into two parts; to part into two divisions; to divide into pairs; to bisect. [R.]

> The apostolical benediction dichotomizes all good things into grace and peace.

Bp. Hall.

2. (Astron.) To exhibit as a half disk. See Dichotomy, 3. "[The moon] was dichotomized." Whewell.

Di*chot"o*mize, v. i. To separate into two parts; to branch dichotomously; to become dichotomous.

Di*chot"o*mous (?), a. [L. dichotomos, Gr. &?;; &?; in two, asunder + diate`mnein to cut.] Regularly dividing by pairs from bottom to top; as, a dichotomous stem. -- Di*chot"o*mous*ly, adv.

Di*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. dichotomie. See Dichotomous.] 1. A cutting in two; a division.

> A general breach or dichotomy with their church.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Division or distribution of genera into two species; division into two subordinate parts.

3. (Astron.) That phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures.

4. (Biol.) Successive division and subdivision, as of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body, into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; successive bifurcation.

5. The place where a stem or vein is forked.

6. (Logic) Division into two; especially, the division of a class into two subclasses opposed to each other by contradiction, as the division of the term man into white and not white.

Di*chro"ic (?), a. [See Dichroism.] Having the property of dichroism; as, a dichroic crystal.

Di*chro"i*scope (?), n. Same as Dichroscope.

Di"chro*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; two- colored; di- = di`s- twice + &?; color.] (Opt.) The property of presenting different colors by transmitted light, when viewed in two different directions, the colors being unlike in the direction of unlike or unequal axes.

Di"chro*ite (?), n. [See Dichroism.] (Min.) Iolite; -- so called from its presenting two different colors when viewed in two different directions. See Iolite.

Di`chro*it"ic (?), a. Dichroic.

Di*chro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of chromic acid containing two equivalents of the acid radical to one of the base; -- called also bichromate.

Di`chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Pref. di- + chromatic: cf. Gr. &?;.] 1. Having or exhibiting two colors.

2. (Zoöl.) Having two color varieties, or two phases differing in color, independently of age or sex, as in certain birds and insects.

Di*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The state of being dichromatic.

Di*chro"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; two- colored; di- = di`s- twice + &?; color.] Furnishing or giving two colors; -- said of defective vision, in which all the compound colors are resolvable into two elements instead of three. Sir J. Herschel.

Di"chro*ous (?), a. Dichroic.

Di"chro*scope (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; color + &?; to view.] An instrument for examining the dichroism of crystals.

Di`chro*scop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the dichroscope, or to observations with it.

Di"cing (?), n. 1. An ornamenting in squares or cubes.

2. Gambling with dice. J. R. Green.

Dick*cis"sel (?), n. (Zoöl.) The American black-throated bunting (Spiza Americana).

Dick"ens (?), n. or interj. [Perh. a contr. of the dim. devilkins.] The devil. [A vulgar euphemism.]

> I can not tell what the dickens his name is.

Shak.

Dick"er (?), n. [Also daker, dakir; akin to Icel. dekr, Dan. deger, G. decher; all prob. from LL. dacra, dacrum, the number ten, akin to L. decuria a division consisting of ten, fr. decem ten. See Ten.] 1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; as, a dicker of gloves. [Obs.]

> A dicker of cowhides.

Heywood.

2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a dicker. [U.S.]

> For peddling dicker, not for honest sales.

Whittier.

Dick"er, v. i. & t. To negotiate a dicker; to barter. [U.S.] "Ready to dicker. and to swap." Cooper.

{ Dick"ey, Dick"y } (?), n. 1. A seat behind a carriage, for a servant.

2. A false shirt front or bosom.

3. A gentleman's shirt collar. [Local, U. S.]

Di*clin"ic (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; to incline.] (Crystallog.) Having two of the intersections between the three axes oblique. See Crystallization.

Dic"li*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; = &?; bed.] Having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers. Gray.

Di*coc"cous (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; grain, seed.] (Bot.) Composed of two coherent, one-seeded carpels; as, a dicoccous capsule.

Di*cot`y*le"don (d*kt`*l"dn), n. [Pref. di- + cotyledon.] (Bot.) A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons, in germinating.

Di*cot`y*le"don*ous (-ld"n*s), a. (Bot.) Having two cotyledons or seed lobes; as, a dicotyledonous plant.

{ Di"cro*tal (?), Di"cro*tous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; a double beating.] Dicrotic.

Di*crot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; = &?; to knock, beat.] (Physiol.) (a) Of or pertaining to dicrotism; as, a dicrotic pulse. (b) Of or pertaining to the second expansion of the artery in the dicrotic pulse; as, the dicrotic wave.

Di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A condition in which there are two beats or waves of the arterial pulse to each beat of the heart.

||Dic"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] See Dictum.

||Dic*ta"men (?), n. [LL., fr. dictare to dictate.] A dictation or dictate. [R.] Falkland.

||Dic*tam"nus (?), n. [L. See Dittany.] (Bot.) A suffrutescent, D. Fraxinella (the only species), with strong perfume and showy flowers. The volatile oil of the leaves is highly inflammable.

Dic"tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dictated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dictating.] [L. dictatus, p. p. of dictare, freq. of dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Dight.] 1. To tell or utter so that another may write down; to inspire; to compose; as, to dictate a letter to an amanuensis.

> The mind which dictated the Iliad.

Wayland.

> Pages dictated by the Holy Spirit.

Macaulay.

2. To say; to utter; to communicate authoritatively; to deliver (a command) to a subordinate; to declare with authority; to impose; as, to dictate the terms of a treaty; a general dictates orders to his troops.

> Whatsoever is dictated to us by God must be believed.

Watts.

Syn. -- To suggest; prescribe; enjoin; command; point out; urge; admonish.

Dic"tate, v. i. 1. To speak as a superior; to command; to impose conditions (on).

> Who presumed to dictate to the sovereign.

Macaulay.

2. To compose literary works; to tell what shall be written or said by another.

> Sylla could not skill of letters, and therefore knew not how to dictate.

Bacon.

Dic"tate (?), n. [L. dictatum. See Dictate, v. t.] A statement delivered with authority; an order; a command; an authoritative rule, principle, or maxim; a prescription; as, listen to the dictates of your conscience; the dictates of the gospel.

> I credit what the Grecian dictates say.

Prior.

Syn. -- Command; injunction; direction suggestion; impulse; admonition.

Dic*ta"tion (?), n. [L. dictatio.] 1. The act of dictating; the act or practice of prescribing; also that which is dictated.

> It affords security against the dictation of laws.

Paley.

2. The speaking to, or the giving orders to, in an overbearing manner; authoritative utterance; as, his habit, even with friends, was that of dictation.

Dic*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims authoritatively for the direction of others. Locke.

2. One invested with absolute authority; especially, a magistrate created in times of exigence and distress, and invested with unlimited power.

> Invested with the authority of a dictator, nay, of a pope, over our language.

Macaulay.

Dic`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. dictatorial.] 1. Pertaining or suited to a dictator; absolute.

> Military powers quite dictatorial.

W. Irving.

2. Characteristic of a dictator; imperious; dogmatical; overbearing; as, a dictatorial tone or manner.

-- Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ly, adv. -- Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ness, n.

Dic`ta*to"ri*an (?), a. Dictatorial. [Obs.]

Dic*ta"tor*ship (?), n. The office, or the term of office, of a dictator; hence, absolute power.

Dic"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. dictatorius.] Dogmatical; overbearing; dictatorial. Milton.

Dic*ta"tress (?), n. A woman who dictates or commands.

> Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's mighty queen.

Byron.

Dic*ta"trix (?), n. [L.] A dictatress.

Dic*ta"ture (?; 135), n. [L. dictatura: cf. F. dictature.] Office of a dictator; dictatorship. [R.] Bacon.

Dic"tion (?), n. [L. dicto a saying, a word, fr. dicere, dictum, to say; akin to dicare to proclaim, and to E. teach, token: cf. F. diction. See Teach, and cf. Benison, Dedicate, Index, Judge, Preach, Vengeance.] Choice of words for the expression of ideas; the construction, disposition, and application of words in discourse, with regard to clearness, accuracy, variety, etc.; mode of expression; language; as, the diction of Chaucer's poems.

> His diction blazes up into a sudden explosion of prophetic grandeur.

De Quincey.

Syn. -- Diction, Style, Phraseology. Style relates both to language and thought; diction, to language only; phraseology, to the mechanical structure of sentences, or the mode in which they are phrased. The style of Burke was enriched with all the higher graces of composition; his diction was varied and copious; his phraseology, at times, was careless and cumbersome. "Diction is a general term applicable alike to a single sentence or a connected composition. Errors in grammar, false construction, a confused disposition of words, or an improper application of them, constitute bad diction; but the niceties, the elegancies, the peculiarities, and the beauties of composition, which mark the genius and talent of the writer, are what is comprehended under the name of style." Crabb.

Dic`tion*al"ri*an (?), n. A lexicographer. [R.]

Dic"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Dictionaries (#). [Cf. F. dictionnaire. See Diction.] 1. A book containing the words of a language, arranged alphabetically, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon; a vocabulary; a wordbook.

> I applied myself to the perusal of our writers; and noting whatever might be of use to ascertain or illustrate any word or phrase, accumulated in time the materials of a dictionary.

Johnson.

2. Hence, a book containing the words belonging to any system or province of knowledge, arranged alphabetically; as, a dictionary of medicine or of botany; a biographical dictionary.

||Dic"tum (?), n.; pl. L. Dicta (#), E. Dictums (#). [L., neuter of dictus, p. p. of dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Ditto.] 1. An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; an apothegm.

> A class of critical dicta everywhere current.

M. Arnold.

2. (Law) (a) A judicial opinion expressed by judges on points that do not necessarily arise in the case, and are not involved in it. (b) (French Law) The report of a judgment made by one of the judges who has given it. Bouvier. (c) An arbitrament or award.

Dic*ty"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; a net + -gen.] (Bot.) A plant with net-veined leaves, and monocotyledonous embryos, belonging to the class Dictyogenæ, proposed by Lindley for the orders Dioscoreaceæ, Smilaceæ, Trilliaceæ, etc.

Di*cy"a*nide (?), n. [Pref. di- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A compound of a binary type containing two cyanogen groups or radicals; -- called also bicyanide.

||Di`cy*e"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; an embryo.] (Zoöl.) An order of worms parasitic in cephalopods. They are remarkable for the extreme simplicity of their structure. The embryo exists in two forms.

Di`cy*e"mid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or belonging to the Dicyemata. -- n. One of the Dicyemata.

<! p. 409 !>

Di*cyn"o*dont (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; dog + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Paleon.) One of a group of extinct reptiles having the jaws armed with a horny beak, as in turtles, and in the genus Dicynodon, supporting also a pair of powerful tusks. Their remains are found in triassic strata of South Africa and India.

Did (?), imp. of Do.

{ Di*dac"tic (?), Di*dac"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to teach; akin to L. docere to teach: cf. F. didactique. See Docile.] Fitted or intended to teach; conveying instruction; preceptive; instructive; teaching some moral lesson; as, didactic essays. "Didactical writings." Jer. Taylor.

> The finest didactic poem in any language.

Macaulay.

Di*dac"tic, n. A treatise on teaching or education. [Obs.] Milton.

Di*dac"tic*al*ly, adv. In a didactic manner.

Di*dac"ti*cism (?), n. The didactic method or system.

Di`dac*tic"i*ty (?), n. Aptitude for teaching. Hare.

Di*dac"tics (?), n. The art or science of teaching.

Di*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; finger, toe: cf. F. didactyle.] (Zoöl.) An animal having only two digits.

Di*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having only two digits; two-toed.

Di"dal (?), n. A kind of triangular spade. [Obs.]

Di"dap`per (?), n. [For divedapper. See Dive, Dap, Dip, and cf. Dabchick.] (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

Di*das"ca*lar (?), a. Didascalic. [R.]

Di`das*cal"ic (?), a. [L. didascalius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to teach: cf. F. didascalique.] Didactic; preceptive. [R.] Prior.

Did"dle (?), v. i. [Cf. Daddle.] To totter, as a child in walking. [Obs.] Quarles.

Did"dle, v. t. [Perh. from AS. dyderian to deceive, the letter r being changed to l.] To cheat or overreach. [Colloq.] Beaconsfield.

Did"dler (?), n. A cheat. [Colloq.]

Jeremy Diddler, a character in a play by James Kenney, entitled "Raising the wind." The name is applied to any needy, tricky, constant borrower; a confidence man.

||Di*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; = &?; matrix, uterus.] (Zoöl.) The subclass of Mammalia which includes the marsupials. See Marsupialia.

Di*del"phi*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or relating to the Didelphia. -- n. One of the Didelphia.

Di*del"phic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the uterus double; of or pertaining to the Didelphia.

Di*del"phid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Didelphic.

Di*del"phid, n. (Zoöl.) A marsupial animal.

Di*del"phous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Didelphic.

Di*del"phyc (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Didelphic.

||Di*del"phys (?), n. [NL. See Didelphia.] (Zoöl.) Formerly, any marsupial; but the term is now restricted to an American genus which includes the opossums, of which there are many species. See Opossum. [Written also Didelphis.] See Illustration in Appendix. Cuvier.

Di"dine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Didus, or the dodo.

Di"do (?), n.; pl. Didos (&?;). A shrewd trick; an antic; a caper.

To cut a dido, to play a trick; to cut a caper; -- perhaps so called from the trick of Dido, who having bought so much land as a hide would cover, is said to have cut it into thin strips long enough to inclose a spot for a citadel.

||Di*do"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So called in allusion to the classical story of Dido and the bull's hide.] (Geom.) The curve which on a given surface and with a given perimeter contains the greatest area. Tait.

{ Di"drachm (?), Di*drach"ma (?), } n. [Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; a drachm.] A two-drachma piece; an ancient Greek silver coin, worth nearly forty cents.

Didst (?), the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.

Di*duce"ment (?), n. Diduction; separation into distinct parts. Bacon.

Di*duc"tion (?), n. [L. diductio, fr. diducere, diductum, to draw apart; di- = dis- + ducere to lead, draw.] The act of drawing apart; separation.

Di"dym (?), n. (Chem.) See Didymium.

Di*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; twin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic substance usually associated with the metal cerium; -- hence its name. It was formerly supposed to be an element, but has since been found to consist of two simpler elementary substances, neodymium and praseodymium. See Neodymium, and Praseodymium.

Did"y*mous (dd"*ms), a. [Gr. di`dymos twofold, twin.] (Bot.) Growing in pairs or twins.

||Did`y*na"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; power.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having four stamens disposed in pairs of unequal length.

||Did`y*na"mi*an (?), a. Didynamous.

Di*dyn"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Didynamia; containing four stamens disposed in pairs of unequal length.

Die (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Died (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dying.] [OE. deyen, dien, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. deyja; akin to Dan. döe, Sw. dö, Goth. diwan (cf. Goth. afd&?;jan to harass), OFries. d&?;ia to kill, OS. doian to die, OHG. touwen, OSlav. daviti to choke, Lith. dovyti to torment. Cf. Dead, Death.] 1. To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions; to become dead; to expire; to perish; -- said of animals and vegetables; often with of, by, with, from, and rarely for, before the cause or occasion of death; as, to die of disease or hardships; to die by fire or the sword; to die with horror at the thought.

> To die by the roadside of grief and hunger.

Macaulay.

> She will die from want of care.

Tennyson.

2. To suffer death; to lose life.

> In due time Christ died for the ungodly.

Rom. v. 6.

3. To perish in any manner; to cease; to become lost or extinct; to be extinguished.

> Letting the secret die within his own breast.

Spectator.

> Great deeds can not die.

Tennyson.

4. To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness, discouragement, love, etc.

> His heart died within, and he became as a stone.

1 Sam. xxv. 37.

> The young men acknowledged, in love letters, that they died for Rebecca.

Tatler.

5. To become indifferent; to cease to be subject; as, to die to pleasure or to sin.

6. To recede and grow fainter; to become imperceptible; to vanish; -- often with out or away.

> Blemishes may die away and disappear amidst the brightness.

Spectator.

7. (Arch.) To disappear gradually in another surface, as where moldings are lost in a sloped or curved face.

8. To become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor.

To die in the last ditch, to fight till death; to die rather than surrender.

> "There is one certain way," replied the Prince [William of Orange] " by which I can be sure never to see my country's ruin, -- I will die in the last ditch."

Hume (Hist. of Eng. ).

-- To die out, to cease gradually; as, the prejudice has died out.

Syn. -- To expire; decease; perish; depart; vanish.

Die, n.; pl. in 1 and (usually) in 2, Dice (ds); in 4 & 5, Dies (dz). [OE. dee, die, F. dé, fr. L. datus given, thrown, p. p. of dare to give, throw. See Date a point of time.] 1. A small cube, marked on its faces with spots from one to six, and used in playing games by being shaken in a box and thrown from it. See Dice.

2. Any small cubical or square body.

> Words . . . pasted upon little flat tablets or dies.

Watts.

3. That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance.

> Such is the die of war.

Spenser.

4. (Arch.) That part of a pedestal included between base and cornice; the dado.

5. (Mach.) (a) A metal or plate (often one of a pair) so cut or shaped as to give a certain desired form to, or impress any desired device on, an object or surface, by pressure or by a blow; used in forging metals, coining, striking up sheet metal, etc. (b) A perforated block, commonly of hardened steel used in connection with a punch, for punching holes, as through plates, or blanks from plates, or for forming cups or capsules, as from sheet metal, by drawing. (c) A hollow internally threaded screw-cutting tool, made in one piece or composed of several parts, for forming screw threads on bolts, etc.; one of the separate parts which make up such a tool.

Cutting die (Mech.), a thin, deep steel frame, sharpened to a cutting edge, for cutting out articles from leather, cloth, paper, etc. -- The die is cast, the hazard must be run; the step is taken, and it is too late to draw back; the last chance is taken.

Di*e"cian (?), a., Di*e"cious (&?;), a. (Bot.) See Diœcian, and Diœcious.

Di*e"dral (?), a. The same as Dihedral.

||Di`e*ge"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to narrate; dia` through + &?; to lead.] A narrative or history; a recital or relation.

Di`e*lec"tric (?), n. [Pref. dia- + electric.] (Elec.) Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by a process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of induction; a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by induction, from the electrifying body.

||Di*el"y*tra (?), n. (Bot.) See Dicentra.

||Di`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Dia-, and Encephalon.] (Anat.) The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to dien. See Thalamencephalon.

||Di*er"e*sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Diæresis.

Die"sink`er (?), n. An engraver of dies for stamping coins, medals, etc.

Die"sink`ing, n. The process of engraving dies.

||Di"es I"ræ (?). Day of wrath; -- the name and beginning of a famous mediæval Latin hymn on the Last Judgment.

||Di"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Dieses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to let go through, dissolve; dia` through + &?; to let go, send.] 1. (Mus.) A small interval, less than any in actual practice, but used in the mathematical calculation of intervals.

2. (Print.) The mark ‡; -- called also double dagger.

||Di"es ju*rid"i*cus (?); pl. Dies juridici (#). [L.] (Law) A court day.

||Di"es non" (?). [L. dies non juridicus.] (Law) A day on which courts are not held, as Sunday or any legal holiday.

Die"stock` (?), n. A stock to hold the dies used for cutting screws.

Di"et (?), n. [F. diète, L. diaeta, fr. Gr. &?; manner of living.] 1. Course of living or nourishment; what is eaten and drunk habitually; food; victuals; fare. "No inconvenient diet." Milton.

2. A course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health; prescribed allowance of food; regimen prescribed.

> To fast like one that takes diet.

Shak.

Diet kitchen, a kitchen in which diet is prepared for invalids; a charitable establishment that provides proper food for the sick poor.

Di"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dieting.] 1. To cause to take food; to feed. [R.] Shak.

2. To cause to eat and drink sparingly, or by prescribed rules; to regulate medicinally the food of.

> She diets him with fasting every day.

Spenser.

Di"et, v. i. 1. To eat; to take one's meals. [Obs.]

> Let him . . . diet in such places, where there is good company of the nation, where he traveleth.

Bacon.

2. To eat according to prescribed rules; to ear sparingly; as, the doctor says he must diet.

Di"et, n. [F. diète, LL. dieta, diaeta, an assembly, a day's journey; the same word as diet course of living, but with the sense changed by L. dies day: cf. G. tag day&?; and Reichstag.] A legislative or administrative assembly in Germany, Poland, and some other countries of Europe; a deliberative convention; a council; as, the Diet of Worms, held in 1521.

Di`e*ta"ri*an (?), n. One who lives in accordance with prescribed rules for diet; a dieter.

Di"et*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to diet, or to the rules of diet.

Di"et*a*ry, n.; pl. Dietaries (&?;). A rule of diet; a fixed allowance of food, as in workhouse, prison, etc.

Di"et*er (?), n. One who diets; one who prescribes, or who partakes of, food, according to hygienic rules.

{ Di`e*tet"ic (?), Di`e*tet"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. diététique. See Diet.] Of or performance to diet, or to the rules for regulating the kind and quantity of food to be eaten.

Di`e*tet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a dietetical manner.

Di`e*tet"ics (?), n. That part of the medical or hygienic art which relates to diet or food; rules for diet.

> To suppose that the whole of dietetics lies in determining whether or not bread is more nutritive than potatoes.

H. Spencer.

Di`e*tet"ist, n. A physician who applies the rules of dietetics to the cure of diseases. Dunglison.

Di*eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. di- + ethylamine.] (Chem.) A colorless, volatile, alkaline liquid, NH(C2H5)2, having a strong fishy odor resembling that of herring or sardines. Cf. Methylamine.

Di*et"ic (?), a. Dietetic.

Di*et"ic*al (?), a. Dietetic. [R.] Ferrand.

Di"et*ine (?), n. [Cf. F. diétine.] A subordinate or local assembly; a diet of inferior rank.

{ Di"et*ist (?), Di`e*ti"tian (?), } n. One skilled in dietetics. [R.]

Dif*fame` (?), n. [See Defame.] Evil name; bad reputation; defamation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dif*far`re*a"tion (?), n. [L. diffarreatio; dif- = farreum a spelt cake. See Confarreation.] A form of divorce, among the ancient Romans, in which a cake was used. See Confarreation.

Dif"fer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Differed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Differing.] [L. differre; dif- = dis- + ferre to bear, carry: cf. F. différer. See 1st Bear, and cf. Defer, Delay.] 1. To be or stand apart; to disagree; to be unlike; to be distinguished; -- with from.

> One star differeth from another star in glory.

1 Cor. xv. 41.

> Minds differ, as rivers differ.

Macaulay.

2. To be of unlike or opposite opinion; to disagree in sentiment; -- often with from or with.

3. To have a difference, cause of variance, or quarrel; to dispute; to contend.

> We 'll never differ with a crowded pit.

Rowe.

Syn. -- To vary; disagree; dissent; dispute; contend; oppose; wrangle. -- To Differ with, Differ from. Both differ from and aiffer with are used in reference to opinions; as, "I differ from you or with you in that opinion."" In all other cases, expressing simple unlikeness, differ from is used; as, these two persons or things differ entirely from each other.

> Severely punished, not for differing from us in opinion, but for committing a nuisance.

Macaulay.

> Davidson, whom on a former occasion we quoted, to differ from him.

M. Arnold.

> Much as I differ from him concerning an essential part of the historic basis of religion.

Gladstone.

> I differ with the honorable gentleman on that point.

Brougham.

> If the honorable gentleman differs with me on that subject, I differ as heartily with him, and shall always rejoice to differ.

Canning.

Dif"fer, v. t. To cause to be different or unlike; to set at variance. [R.]

> But something 'ts that differs thee and me.

Cowley.

Dif"fer*ence (?), n. [F. différence, L. differentia.] 1. The act of differing; the state or measure of being different or unlike; distinction; dissimilarity; unlikeness; variation; as, a difference of quality in paper; a difference in degrees of heat, or of light; what is the difference between the innocent and the guilty?

> Differencies of administration, but the same Lord.

1 Cor. xii. 5.

2. Disagreement in opinion; dissension; controversy; quarrel; hence, cause of dissension; matter in controversy.

> What was the difference? It was a contention in public.

Shak.

> Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and the young constable to compose their difference as they could.

T. Ellwood.

<! p. 410 !>

3. That by which one thing differs from another; that which distinguishes or causes to differ; mark of distinction; characteristic quality; specific attribute.

> The marks and differences of sovereignty.

Davies.

4. Choice; preference. [Obs.]

> That now he chooseth with vile difference
> To be a beast, and lack intelligence.

Spenser.

5. (Her.) An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish the bearings of two persons, which would otherwise be the same. See Augmentation, and Marks of cadency, under Cadency.

6. (Logic) The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus to constitute a species; a differentia.

7. (Math.) The quantity by which one quantity differs from another, or the remainder left after subtracting the one from the other.

Ascensional difference. See under Ascensional.

Syn. -- Distinction; dissimilarity; dissimilitude; variation; diversity; variety; contrariety; disagreement; variance; contest; contention; dispute; controversy; debate; quarrel; wrangle; strife.

Dif"fer*ence (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Differenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Differencing.] To cause to differ; to make different; to mark as different; to distinguish.

> Thou mayest difference gods from men.

Chapman.

> Kings, in receiving justice and undergoing trial, are not differenced from the meanest subject.

Milton.

> So completely differenced by their separate and individual characters that we at once acknowledge them as distinct persons.

Sir W. Scott.

Dif"fer*ent (?), a. [L. differens, -entis, p. pr. of differre: cf. F. différent.] 1. Distinct; separate; not the same; other. "Five different churches." Addison.

2. Of various or contrary nature, form, or quality; partially or totally unlike; dissimilar; as, different kinds of food or drink; different states of health; different shapes; different degrees of excellence.

> Men are as different from each other, as the regions in which they are born are different.

Dryden.

Different is properly followed by from. Different to, for different from, is a common English colloquialism. Different than is quite inadmissible.

||Dif`fer*en"ti*a (?), n.; pl. Differentiæ (#). [L. See Difference.] (Logic) The formal or distinguishing part of the essence of a species; the characteristic attribute of a species; specific difference.

Dif`fer*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. différentiel.] 1. Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference; discriminating; special; as, differential characteristics; differential duties; a differential rate.

> For whom he produced differential favors.

Motley.

2. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials.

3. (Mech.) Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing effects by such differences; said of mechanism.

Differential calculus. (Math.) See under Calculus. -- Differential coefficient, the limit of the ratio of the increment of a function of a variable to the increment of the variable itself, when these increments are made indefinitely small. -- Differential coupling, a form of slip coupling used in light machinery to regulate at pleasure the velocity of the connected shaft. -- Differential duties (Polit. Econ.), duties which are not imposed equally upon the same products imported from different countries. -- Differential galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer having two coils or circuits, usually equal, through which currents passing in opposite directions are measured by the difference of their effect upon the needle. -- Differential gearing, a train of toothed wheels, usually an epicyclic train, so arranged as to constitute a differential motion. -- Differential motion, a mechanism in which a simple differential combination produces such a change of motion or force as would, with ordinary compound arrangements, require a considerable train of parts. It is used for overcoming great resistance or producing very slow or very rapid motion. -- Differential pulley. (Mach.) (a) A portable hoisting apparatus, the same in principle as the differential windlass. (b) A hoisting pulley to which power is applied through a differential gearing. -- Differential screw, a compound screw by which a motion is produced equal to the difference of the motions of the component screws. -- Differential thermometer, a thermometer usually with a U-shaped tube terminating in two air bulbs, and containing a colored liquid, used for indicating the difference between the temperatures to which the two bulbs are exposed, by the change of position of the colored fluid, in consequence of the different expansions of the air in the bulbs. A graduated scale is attached to one leg of the tube. -- Differential windlass, or Chinese windlass, a windlass whose barrel has two parts of different diameters. The hoisting rope winds upon one part as it unwinds from the other, and a pulley sustaining the weight to be lifted hangs in the bight of the rope. It is an ancient example of a differential motion.

Dif`fer*en"tial, n. 1. (Math.) An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given to a variable quantity.

According to the more modern writers upon the differential and integral calculus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each other, and subject to increments of value, their differentials need not be small, but are any quantities whose ratios to each other are the limits to which the ratios of the increments approximate, as these increments are reduced nearer and nearer to zero.

2. A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a differential rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to cities.

3. (Elec.) (a) One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar action contrary to that of the other. (b) A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action in all. Knight.

Partial differential (Math.), the differential of a function of two or more variables, when only one of the variables receives an increment. -- Total differential (Math.), the differential of a function of two or more variables, when each of the variables receives an increment. The total differential of the function is the sum of all the partial differentials.

Dif`fer*en"tial*ly (?), adv. In the way of differentiation.

Dif`fer*en"ti*ate (?), v. t. 1. To distinguish or mark by a specific difference; to effect a difference in, as regards classification; to develop differential characteristics in; to specialize; to desynonymize.

> The word then was differentiated into the two forms then and than.

Earle.

> Two or more of the forms assumed by the same original word become differentiated in signification.

Dr. Murray.

2. To express the specific difference of; to describe the properties of (a thing) whereby it is differenced from another of the same class; to discriminate. Earle.

3. (Math.) To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient, of; as, to differentiate an algebraic expression, or an equation.

Dif`fer*en"ti*ate, v. i. (Biol.) To acquire a distinct and separate character. Huxley.

Dif`fer*en`ti*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of differentiating.

> Further investigation of the Sanskrit may lead to differentiation of the meaning of such of these roots as are real roots.

J. Peile.

2. (Logic) The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference; exact definition or determination.

3. (Biol.) The gradual formation or production of organs or parts by a process of evolution or development, as when the seed develops the root and the stem, the initial stem develops the leaf, branches, and flower buds; or in animal life, when the germ evolves the digestive and other organs and members, or when the animals as they advance in organization acquire special organs for specific purposes.

4. (Metaph.) The supposed act or tendency in being of every kind, whether organic or inorganic, to assume or produce a more complex structure or functions.

Dif`fer*en"ti*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, differentiates.

Dif"fer*ent*ly (?), adv. In a different manner; variously.

Dif"fer*ing*ly, adv. In a differing or different manner. Boyle.

Dif"fi*cile (?), a. [L. difficilis: cf. F. difficile. See Difficult.] Difficult; hard to manage; stubborn. [Obs.] -- Dif"fi*cile*ness, n. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dif`fi*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To make difficult. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Dif"fi*cult (?), a. [From Difficulty.] 1. Hard to do or to make; beset with difficulty; attended with labor, trouble, or pains; not easy; arduous.

Difficult implies the notion that considerable mental effort or skill is required, or that obstacles are to be overcome which call for sagacity and skill in the agent; as, a difficult task; hard work is not always difficult work; a difficult operation in surgery; a difficult passage in an author.

> There is not the strength or courage left me to venture into the wide, strange, and difficult world, alone.

Hawthorne.

2. Hard to manage or to please; not easily wrought upon; austere; stubborn; as, a difficult person.

Syn. -- Arduous; painful; crabbed; perplexed; laborious; unaccommodating; troublesome. See Arduous.

Dif"fi*cult, v. t. To render difficult; to impede; to perplex. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

Dif"fi*cult*ate (?), v. t. To render difficult; to difficilitate. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Dif"fi*cult*ly, adv. With difficulty. Cowper.

Dif"fi*cult*ness, n. Difficulty. [R.] Golding.

Dif"fi*cul*ty (?), n.; pl. Difficulties (#). [L. difficultas, fr. difficilis difficult; dif- = dis- + facilis easy: cf. F. difficulté. See Facile.] 1. The state of being difficult, or hard to do; hardness; arduousness; -- opposed to easiness or facility; as, the difficulty of a task or enterprise; a work of difficulty.

> Not being able to promote them [the interests of life] on account of the difficulty of the region.

James Byrne.

2. Something difficult; a thing hard to do or to understand; that which occasions labor or perplexity, and requires skill and perseverance to overcome, solve, or achieve; a hard enterprise; an obstacle; an impediment; as, the difficulties of a science; difficulties in theology.

> They lie under some difficulties by reason of the emperor's displeasure.

Addison.

3. A controversy; a falling out; a disagreement; an objection; a cavil.

> Measures for terminating all local difficulties.

Bancroft.

4. Embarrassment of affairs, especially financial affairs; -- usually in the plural; as, to be in difficulties.

> In days of difficulty and pressure.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- Impediment; obstacle; obstruction; embarrassment; perplexity; exigency; distress; trouble; trial; objection; cavil. See Impediment.

Dif*fide" (?), v. i. [L. diffidere. See Diffident.] To be distrustful. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Dif"fi*dence (?), n. [L. diffidentia.] 1. The state of being diffident; distrust; want of confidence; doubt of the power, ability, or disposition of others. [Archaic]

> That affliction grew heavy upon me, and weighed me down even to a diffidence of God's mercy.

Donne.

2. Distrust of one's self or one's own powers; lack of self-reliance; modesty; modest reserve; bashfulness.

> It is good to speak on such questions with diffidence.

Macaulay.

> An Englishman's habitual diffidence and awkwardness of address.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- Humility; bashfulness; distrust; suspicion; doubt; fear; timidity; apprehension; hesitation. See Humility, and Bashfulness.

Dif"fi*den*cy (?), n. See Diffidence. [Obs.]

Dif"fi*dent (?), a. [L. diffidens, -entis, p. pr. of diffidere; dif- = dis + fidere to trust; akin to fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Defy.] 1. Wanting confidence in others; distrustful. [Archaic]

> You were always extremely diffident of their success.

Melmoth.

2. Wanting confidence in one's self; distrustful of one's own powers; not self-reliant; timid; modest; bashful; characterized by modest reserve.

> The diffident maidens,
> Folding their hands in prayer.

Longfellow.

Syn. -- Distrustful; suspicious; hesitating; doubtful; modest; bashful; lowly; reserved.

Dif"fi*dent*ly, adv. In a diffident manner.

> To stand diffidently against each other with their thoughts in battle array.

Hobbes.

Dif*find (?), v. t. [L. diffindere, diffissum; dif- = dis- + findere to split.] To split. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dif*fine" (?), v. t. To define. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dif*fin"i*tive (?), a. [For definitive.] Definitive; determinate; final. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Dif*fis"sion (?), n. [See Diffind.] Act of cleaving or splitting. [R.] Bailey.

Dif*fla"tion (?), n. [LL. difflatio, fr. L. difflare, difflatum, to disperse by blowing.] A blowing apart or away. [Obs.] Bailey.

{ Dif"flu*ence (?), Dif"flu*en*cy (?), } n. A flowing off on all sides; fluidity. [R.]

Dif"flu*ent (?), a. [L. diffluens, p. pr. of diffluere to flow off; dif- = dis- + fluere to flow.] Flowing apart or off; dissolving; not fixed. [R.] Bailey.

Dif"form` (?), a. [Cf. F. difforme, fr. L. dif- = dis- + forma form. Cf. Deform.] Irregular in form; -- opposed to uniform; anomalous; hence, unlike; dissimilar; as, to difform corolla, the parts of which do not correspond in size or proportion; difform leaves.

> The unequal refractions of difform rays.

Sir I. Newton.

Dif*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. difformité. See Difform, Deformity.] Irregularity of form; diversity of form; want of uniformity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dif*fract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diffracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Diffracting.] [L. diffractus, p. p. of diffringere to break in pieces; dif- = dis- + frangere to break. See Fracture.] To break or separate into parts; to deflect, or decompose by deflection, a&?; rays of light.

Dif*frac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. diffraction.] (Opt.) The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.

> Remarked by Grimaldi (1665), and referred by him to a property of light which he called diffraction.

Whewell.

Diffraction grating. (Optics) See under Grating. -- Diffraction spectrum. (Optics) See under Spectrum.

Dif*frac"tive (?), a. That produces diffraction.

{ Dif*fran"chise (?), Dif*fran"chise*ment (?) }. See Disfranchise, Disfranchisement.

Dif*fus"ate (?), n. (Chem.) Material which, in the process of catalysis, has diffused or passed through the separating membrane.

Dif*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diffused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diffusing.] [L. diffusus, p. p. of diffundere to pour out, to diffuse; dif- = dis- + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] To pour out and cause to spread, as a fluid; to cause to flow on all sides; to send out, or extend, in all directions; to spread; to circulate; to disseminate; to scatter; as to diffuse information.

> Thence diffuse
> His good to worlds and ages infinite.

Milton.

> We find this knowledge diffused among all civilized nations.

Whewell.

Syn. -- To expand; spread; circulate; extend; scatter; disperse; publish; proclaim.

Dif*fuse", v. i. To pass by spreading every way, to diffuse itself.

Dif*fuse" (?), a. [L. diffusus, p. p.] Poured out; widely spread; not restrained; copious; full; esp., of style, opposed to concise or terse; verbose; prolix; as, a diffuse style; a diffuse writer.

> A diffuse and various knowledge of divine and human things.

Milton.

Syn. -- Prolix; verbose; wide; copious; full. See Prolix.

Dif*fused" (?), a. Spread abroad; dispersed; loose; flowing; diffuse.

> It grew to be a widely diffused opinion.

Hawthorne.

-- Dif*fus"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Dif*fus"ed*ness, n.

Dif*fuse"ly (?), adv. In a diffuse manner.

Dif*fuse"ness, n. The quality of being diffuse; especially, in writing, the use of a great or excessive number of word to express the meaning; copiousness; verbosity; prolixity.

<! p. 411 !>

Dif*fus"er (?), n. One who, or that which, diffuses.

Dif*fu`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being diffusible; capability of being poured or spread out.

Dif*fu"si*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of flowing or spreading in all directions; that may be diffused.

2. (Physiol.) Capable of passing through animal membranes by osmosis.

Dif*fu"si*ble*ness, n. Diffusibility.

Dif*fu"sion (?), n. [L. diffusio: cf. F. diffusion.] 1. The act of diffusing, or the state of being diffused; a spreading; extension; dissemination; circulation; dispersion.

> A diffusion of knowledge which has undermined superstition.

Burke.

2. (Physiol.) The act of passing by osmosis through animal membranes, as in the distribution of poisons, gases, etc., through the body. Unlike absorption, diffusion may go on after death, that is, after the blood ceases to circulate.

Syn. -- Extension; spread; propagation; circulation; expansion; dispersion.

Dif*fu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. diffusif.] Having the quality of diffusing; capable of spreading every way by flowing; spreading widely; widely reaching; copious; diffuse. "A plentiful and diffusive perfume." Hare.

Dif*fu"sive*ly, adv. In a diffusive manner.

Dif*fu"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being diffusive or diffuse; extensiveness; expansion; dispersion. Especially of style: Diffuseness; want of conciseness; prolixity.

> The fault that I find with a modern legend, it its diffusiveness.

Addison.

Dif`fu*siv"i*ty (?), n. Tendency to become diffused; tendency, as of heat, to become equalized by spreading through a conducting medium.

Dig (dg), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dug (dg) or Digged (dgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Digging. -- Digged is archaic.] [OE. diggen, perh. the same word as diken, dichen (see Dike, Ditch); cf. Dan. dige to dig, dige a ditch; or (?) akin to E. 1st dag. √67.] 1. To turn up, or delve in, (earth) with a spade or a hoe; to open, loosen, or break up (the soil) with a spade, or other sharp instrument; to pierce, open, or loosen, as if with a spade.

> Be first to dig the ground.

Dryden.

2. To get by digging; as, to dig potatoes, or gold.

3. To hollow out, as a well; to form, as a ditch, by removing earth; to excavate; as, to dig a ditch or a well.

4. To thrust; to poke. [Colloq.]

> You should have seen children . . . dig and push their mothers under the sides, saying thus to them: Look, mother, how great a lubber doth yet wear pearls.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

To dig down, to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to dig down a wall. -- To dig from, out of, out, or up, to get out or obtain by digging; as, to dig coal from or out of a mine; to dig out fossils; to dig up a tree. The preposition is often omitted; as, the men are digging coal, digging iron ore, digging potatoes. -- To dig in, to cover by digging; as, to dig in manure.

Dig, v. i. 1. To work with a spade or other like implement; to do servile work; to delve.

> Dig for it more than for hid treasures.

Job iii. 21.

> I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed.

Luke xvi. 3.

2. (Mining) To take ore from its bed, in distinction from making excavations in search of ore.

3. To work like a digger; to study ploddingly and laboriously. [Cant, U.S.]

Dig, n. 1. A thrust; a punch; a poke; as, a dig in the side or the ribs. See Dig, v. t., 4. [Colloq.]

2. A plodding and laborious student. [Cant, U.S.]

Dig"a*mist (?), n. [Gr. &?; = &?; twice + &?; to marry. Cf. Bigamist.] One who marries a second time; a deuterogamist. Hammond.

Di*gam"ma (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; = &?; twice + ga`mma the letter . So called because it resembled two gammas placed one above the other.] (Gr. Gram.) A letter (&?;, &?;) of the Greek alphabet, which early fell into disuse.

This form identifies it with the Latin F, though in sound it is said to have been nearer V. It was pronounced, probably, much like the English W.

{ Di*gam"mate (?), Di*gam"mated (?), } a. Having the digamma or its representative letter or sound; as, the Latin word vis is a digammated form of the Greek 'i`s. Andrews.

Dig"a*mous (?), a. Pertaining to a second marriage, that is, one after the death of the first wife or the first husband.

Dig"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a second marriage; di- = di`s- twice + &?; marriage. Cf. Bigamy.] Act, or state, of being twice married; deuterogamy. [R.]

Di*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; belly: cf. F. digastrique.] (Anat.) (a) Having two bellies; biventral; -- applied to muscles which are fleshy at each end and have a tendon in the middle, and esp. to the muscle which pulls down the lower jaw. (b) Pertaining to the digastric muscle of the lower jaw; as, the digastric nerves.

||Di*ge"ne*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; race, offspring.] (Zoöl.) A division of Trematoda in which alternate generations occur, the immediate young not resembling their parents.

Di*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. di- + genesis.] (Biol.) The faculty of multiplying in two ways; -- by ova fecundated by spermatic fluid, and asexually, as by buds. See Parthenogenesis.

Dig"e*nous (?), a. [Pref. di- + -genous.] (Biol.) Sexually reproductive.

Digenous reproduction. (Biol.) Same as Digenesis.

Dig"er*ent (?), . [L. digerens, p. pr. of digerere. See Digest.] Digesting. [Obs.] Bailey.

Di*gest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Digested; p. pr. & vb. n. Digesting.] [L. digestus, p. p. of digerere to separate, arrange, dissolve, digest; di- = dis- + gerere to bear, carry, wear. See Jest.] 1. To distribute or arrange methodically; to work over and classify; to reduce to portions for ready use or application; as, to digest the laws, etc.

> Joining them together and digesting them into order.

Blair.

> We have cause to be glad that matters are so well digested.

Shak.

2. (Physiol.) To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme.

3. To think over and arrange methodically in the mind; to reduce to a plan or method; to receive in the mind and consider carefully; to get an understanding of; to comprehend.

> Feelingly digest the words you speak in prayer.

Sir H. Sidney.

> How shall this bosom multiplied digest
> The senate's courtesy?

Shak.

4. To appropriate for strengthening and comfort.

> Grant that we may in such wise hear them [the Scriptures], read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them.

Book of Common Prayer.

5. Hence: To bear comfortably or patiently; to be reconciled to; to brook.

> I never can digest the loss of most of Origin's works.

Coleridge.

6. (Chem.) To soften by heat and moisture; to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a preparation for chemical operations.

7. (Med.) To dispose to suppurate, or generate healthy pus, as an ulcer or wound.

8. To ripen; to mature. [Obs.]

> Well-digested fruits.

Jer. Taylor.

9. To quiet or abate, as anger or grief.

Di*gest" (?), v. i. 1. To undergo digestion; as, food digests well or ill.

2. (Med.) To suppurate; to generate pus, as an ulcer.

Di"gest (?), n. [L. digestum, pl. digesta, neut., fr. digestus, p. p.: cf. F. digeste. See Digest, v. t.] That which is digested; especially, that which is worked over, classified, and arranged under proper heads or titles; esp. (Law), A compilation of statutes or decisions analytically arranged. The term is applied in a general sense to the Pandects of Justinian (see Pandect), but is also specially given by authors to compilations of laws on particular topics; a summary of laws; as, Comyn's Digest; the United States Digest.

> A complete digest of Hindu and Mahommedan laws after the model of Justinian's celebrated Pandects.

Sir W. Jones.

> They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy, called the Rights of Man.

Burke.

Di*gest"ed*ly (?), adv. In a digested or well-arranged manner; methodically.

Di*gest"er (?), n. 1. One who digests.

2. A medicine or an article of food that aids digestion, or strengthens digestive power.

> Rice is . . . a great restorer of health, and a great digester.

Sir W. Temple.

3. A strong closed vessel, in which bones or other substances may be subjected, usually in water or other liquid, to a temperature above that of boiling, in order to soften them.

Di*gest`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being digestible.

Di*gest"i*ble (?), a. [F. digestible, L. digestibilis.] Capable of being digested.

Di*gest"i*ble*ness, n. The quality of being digestible; digestibility.

Di*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [F. digestion, L. digestio.] 1. The act or process of digesting; reduction to order; classification; thoughtful consideration.

2. (Physiol.) The conversion of food, in the stomach and intestines, into soluble and diffusible products, capable of being absorbed by the blood.

3. (Med.) Generation of pus; suppuration.

Di*gest"ive (?), a. [F. digestif, L. digestivus.] Pertaining to digestion; having the power to cause or promote digestion; as, the digestive ferments.

> Digestive cheese and fruit there sure will be.

B. Jonson.

Digestive apparatus, the organs of food digestion, esp. the alimentary canal and glands connected with it. -- Digestive salt, the chloride of potassium.

Di*gest"ive, n. 1. That which aids digestion, as a food or medicine. Chaucer.

> That digestive [a cigar] had become to me as necessary as the meal itself.

Blackw. Mag.

2. (Med.) (a) A substance which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promotes suppuration. Dunglison. (b) A tonic. [R.]

Di*gest"or (?), n. See Digester.

Di*ges"ture (?; 135), n. Digestion. [Obs.] Harvey.

Dig"ga*ble (?), a. Capable of being dug.

Dig"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, digs.

Digger wasp (Zoöl.), any one of the fossorial Hymenoptera.

Dig"gers (?), n. pl.; sing. Digger. (Ethnol.) A degraded tribe of California Indians; -- so called from their practice of digging roots for food.

Dig"ging (?), n. 1. The act or the place of excavating.

2. pl. Places where ore is dug; especially, certain localities in California, Australia, and elsewhere, at which gold is obtained. [Recent]

3. pl. Region; locality. [Low]

Dight (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dight or Dighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dighting.] [OF. dihten, AS. dihtan to dictate, command, dispose, arrange, fr. L. dictare to say often, dictate, order; cf. G. dichten to write poetry, fr. L. dictare. See Dictate.] 1. To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn. [Archaic] "She gan the house to dight." Chaucer.

> Two harmless turtles, dight for sacrifice.

Fairfax.

> The clouds in thousand liveries dight.

Milton.

2. To have sexual intercourse with. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dight"er (?), n. One who dights. [Obs.]

Dig"it (dj"t), n. [L. digitus finger; prob. akin to Gr. da`ktylos, of uncertain origin; possibly akin to E. toe. Cf. Dactyl.] 1. (Zoöl.) One of the terminal divisions of a limb appendage; a finger or toe.

> The ruminants have the "cloven foot," i. e., two hoofed digits on each foot.

Owen.

2. A finger's breadth, commonly estimated to be three fourths of an inch.

3. (Math.) One of the ten figures or symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which all numbers are expressed; -- so called because of the use of the fingers in counting and computing.

By some authorities the symbol 0 is not included with the digits.

4. (Anat.) One twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon; -- a term used to express the quantity of an eclipse; as, an eclipse of eight digits is one which hides two thirds of the diameter of the disk.

Dig"it, v. t. To point at or out with the finger. [R.]

Dig"i*tal (dj"*tal), a. [L. digitals.] Of or pertaining to the fingers, or to digits; done with the fingers; as, digital compression; digital examination.

Dig"i*ta`lin (?), n. [Cf. F. digitaline.] (a) (Med.) Any one of several extracts of foxglove (Digitalis), as the "French extract," the "German extract," etc., which differ among themselves in composition and properties. (b) (Chem.) A supposedly distinct vegetable principle as the essential ingredient of the extracts. It is a white, crystalline substance, and is regarded as a glucoside.

Dig`i*ta"lis (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. digitale. So named (according to Linnæus) from its finger-shaped corolla.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants including the foxglove.

2. (Med.) The dried leaves of the purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), used in heart disease, disturbance of the circulation, etc.

Dig"i*tate (?), v. t. [LL. digitatus, p. p. of digitare, fr. L. digitus. See Digit.] To point out as with the finger. [R.] Robinson (Eudoxa).

{ Dig"i*tate (?), Dig"i*ta`ted (?) }, a. [L. digitatus having fingers.] (Bot.) Having several leaflets arranged, like the fingers of the hand, at the extremity of a stem or petiole. Also, in general, characterized by digitation. -- Dig"i*tate*ly (#), adv.

Dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. digitation.] A division into fingers or fingerlike processes; also, a fingerlike process.

Dig"i*ti*form (?), a. [L. digitus a finger + -form.] Formed like a finger or fingers; finger-shaped; as, a digitiform root.

Dig"i*ti*grade (?), a. [L. digitus finger, toe + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. digitigrade.] (Zoöl.) Walking on the toes; -- distinguished from plantigrade.

Dig"i*ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.) An animal that walks on its toes, as the cat, lion, wolf, etc.; -- distinguished from a plantigrade, which walks on the palm of the foot.

Dig`i*ti*par"tite (?), a. [L. digitus finger + partite.] (Bot.) Parted like the fingers.

Dig"i*tize (?), v. t. [Digit + -ize.] To finger; as, to digitize a pen. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Dig`i*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. digitus a finger.] A small dumb keyboard used by pianists for exercising the fingers; -- called also dumb piano.

Dig"i*tule (?), n. [L. digitulus, dim. of digitus.] (Zoöl.) A little finger or toe, or something resembling one.

Di*gla"di*ate (?), v. i. [L. digladiari; di- = dis- + gladius a sword.] To fight like gladiators; to contend fiercely; to dispute violently. [Obs.]

> Digladiating like Æschines and Demosthenes.

Hales.

Di*gla`di*a"tion (?), n. Act of digladiating. [Obs.] "Sore digladiations and contest." Evelyn.

Di*glot"tism (?), n. [Gr. &?; speaking two languages; di- = di`s- twice + &?; tongue. See Glottis.] Bilingualism. [R.] Earle.

Di"glyph (?), n. [Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; to hollow out, carve.] (Arch.) A projecting face like the triglyph, but having only two channels or grooves sunk in it.

Dig*na"tion (?), n. [L. dignatio.] The act of thinking worthy; honor. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

<! p. 412 !>

Digne (?), a. [F., fr. L. dignus. See Design.] 1. Worthy; honorable; deserving. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Suitable; adequate; fit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Dignify.] The act of dignifying; exaltation.

Dig"ni*fied (?), a. Marked with dignity; stately; as, a dignified judge.

Dig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dignifying.] [OF. dignifier, fr. LL. dignificare; L. dignus worthy + ficare (in comp.), facere to make. See Deign, and Fact.] To invest with dignity or honor; to make illustrious; to give distinction to; to exalt in rank; to honor.

> Your worth will dignify our feast.

B. Jonson.

Syn. -- To exalt; elevate; prefer; advance; honor; illustrate; adorn; ennoble.

Dig"ni*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Dignitaries (#). [Cf. F. dignitaire, fr. L. dignitas.] One who possesses exalted rank or holds a position of dignity or honor; especially, one who holds an ecclesiastical rank above that of a parochial priest or clergyman.

Dig"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Dignities (#). [OE. dignete, dignite, OF. digneté, dignité, F. dignité, fr. L. dignitas, from dignus worthy. See Dainty, Deign.] 1. The state of being worthy or honorable; elevation of mind or character; true worth; excellence.

2. Elevation; grandeur.

> The dignity of this act was worth the audience of kings.

Shak.

3. Elevated rank; honorable station; high office, political or ecclesiastical; degree of excellence; preferment; exaltation. Macaulay.

> And the king said, What honor and dignity hath been done to Mordecai for this?

Esth. vi. 3.

> Reuben, thou art my firstborn, . . . the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power.

Gen. xlix. 3.

4. Quality suited to inspire respect or reverence; loftiness and grace; impressiveness; stateliness; -- said of mien, manner, style, etc.

> A letter written with singular energy and dignity of thought and language.

Macaulay.

5. One holding high rank; a dignitary.

> These filthy dreamers . . . speak evil of dignities.

Jude. 8.

6. Fundamental principle; axiom; maxim. [Obs.]

> Sciences concluding from dignities, and principles known by themselves.

Sir T. Browne.

Syn. -- See Decorum.

To stand upon one's dignity, to have or to affect a high notion of one's own rank, privilege, or character.

> They did not stand upon their dignity, nor give their minds to being or to seeming as elegant and as fine as anybody else.

R. G. White.

Dig*no"tion (?), n. [L. dignoscere to distinguish; di- = dis- + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know.] Distinguishing mark; diagnostic. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dig"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; = &?; double + &?; an angle.] Having two angles. Smart.

Di"gram (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; letter.] A digraph.

Di"graph (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a writing, &?; to write.] Two signs or characters combined to express a single articulated sound; as ea in head, or th in bath.

Di*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a digraph. H. Sweet.

Di*gress" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Digressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Digressing.] [L. digressus, p. p. of digredi to go apart, to deviate; di- = dis- + gradi to step, walk. See Grade.] 1. To step or turn aside; to deviate; to swerve; especially, to turn aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument, in writing or speaking.

> Moreover she beginneth to digress in latitude.

Holland.

> In the pursuit of an argument there is hardly room to digress into a particular definition as often as a man varies the signification of any term.

Locke.

2. To turn aside from the right path; to transgress; to offend. [R.]

> Thy abundant goodness shall excuse
> This deadly blot on thy digressing son.

Shak.

Di*gress", n. Digression. [Obs.] Fuller.

Di*gres"sion (?), n. [L. digressio: cf. F. digression.] 1. The act of digressing or deviating, esp. from the main subject of a discourse; hence, a part of a discourse deviating from its main design or subject.

> The digressions I can not excuse otherwise, than by the confidence that no man will read them.

Sir W. Temple.

2. A turning aside from the right path; transgression; offense. [R.]

> Then my digression is so vile, so base,
> That it will live engraven in my face.

Shak.

3. (Anat.) The elongation, or angular distance from the sun; -- said chiefly of the inferior planets. [R.]

Di*gres"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the character of, a digression; departing from the main purpose or subject. T. Warton.

Di*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. digressif.] Departing from the main subject; partaking of the nature of digression. Johnson.

Di*gress"ive*ly, adv. By way of digression.

Digue (?), n. [F. See Dike.] A bank; a dike. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

||Di*gyn"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a woman, a female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants having two styles.

{ Di*gyn"i*an (?), Dig"y*nous (?), } a. [Cf. F. digyne.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Digynia; having two styles.

Di*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a seat, bottom, base, fr. &?; to sit. Cf. Diedral.] Having two plane faces; as, the dihedral summit of a crystal.

Dihedral angle, the angular space contained between planes which intersect. It is measured by the angle made by any two lines at right angles to the two planes.

Di*he"dron (?), n. [See Dihedral.] A figure with two sides or surfaces. Buchanan.

Di`hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Pref. di- + hexagonal.] (a) Consisting of two hexagonal parts united; thus, a dihexagonal pyramid is composed of two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base. (b) Having twelve similar faces; as, a dihexagonal prism.

Di`i*amb" (?), n. A diiambus.

Di`i*am"bus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?;. See Lambus.] (Pros.) A double iambus; a foot consisting of two iambuses (&?; &?; &?; &?;).

Di*i"o*dide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + iodine.] (Chem.) A compound of a binary type containing two atoms of iodine; -- called also biniodide.

Di`i*sat"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. di- + isatine + -gen.] (Chem.) A red crystalline nitrogenous substance of artificial production, which by reduction passes directly to indigo.

Di*ju"di*cant (?), n. [L. dijudicans, p. pr.] One who dijudicates. [R.] Wood.

Di*ju"di*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dijudicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dijucating (?).] [L. dijudicatus, p. p. of dijudicare to decide; di- = dis- + judicare to judge.] To make a judicial decision; to decide; to determine. [R.] Hales.

Di*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. dijudicatio.] The act of dijudicating; judgment. [R.] Cockeram.

||Di"ka (?), n. [Native West African name.] A kind of food, made from the almondlike seeds of the Irvingia Barteri, much used by natives of the west coast of Africa; -- called also dika bread.

Dike (d), n. [OE. dic, dike, diche, ditch, AS. dc dike, ditch; akin to D. dijk dike, G. deich, and prob. teich pond, Icel. dki dike, ditch, Dan. dige; perh. akin to Gr. tei^chos (for qei^chos) wall, and even E. dough; or perh. to Gr. ti^fos pool, marsh. Cf. Ditch.] 1. A ditch; a channel for water made by digging.

> Little channels or dikes cut to every bed.

Ray.

2. An embankment to prevent inundations; a levee.

> Dikes that the hands of the farmers had raised . . .
> Shut out the turbulent tides.

Longfellow.

3. A wall of turf or stone. [Scot.]

4. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral matter, usually an intrusion of igneous rocks, filling up rents or fissures in the original strata.

Dike, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diking.] [OE. diken, dichen, AS. dcian to dike. See Dike.] 1. To surround or protect with a dike or dry bank; to secure with a bank.

2. To drain by a dike or ditch.

Dike, v. i. To work as a ditcher; to dig. [Obs.]

> He would thresh and thereto dike and delve.

Chaucer.

Dik"er (?), n. 1. A ditcher. Piers Plowman.

2. One who builds stone walls; usually, one who builds them without lime. [Scot.]

Di*lac"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilacerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dilacerating (?).] [L. dilaceratus, p. p. of dilacerare to tear apart; di- = dis- + lacerare to tear.] To rend asunder; to tear to pieces. Sir T. Browne.

Di*lac`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. dilaceratio: cf. F. dilacération.] The act of rending asunder. Arbuthnot.

Di*la"ni*ate (?), v. t. [L. dilaniatus, p. p. of dilaniare to dilacerate; di- = dis- + laniare to tear to pieces.] To rend in pieces; to tear. [R.] Howell.

Di*la`ni*a"tion (?), n. A rending or tearing in pieces; dilaceration. [R.]

Di*lap"i*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilapidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dilapidating (?).] [L. dilapidare to scatter like stones; di- = dis- + lapidare to throw stones, fr. lapis a stone. See Lapidary.] 1. To bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin, by misuse or through neglect; to destroy the fairness and good condition of; -- said of a building.

> If the bishop, parson, or vicar, etc., dilapidates the buildings, or cuts down the timber of the patrimony.

Blackstone.

2. To impair by waste and abuse; to squander.

> The patrimony of the bishopric of Oxon was much dilapidated.

Wood.

Di*lap"i*date, v. i. To get out of repair; to fall into partial ruin; to become decayed; as, the church was suffered to dilapidate. Johnson.

Di*lap"i*da`ted (?), a. Decayed; fallen into partial ruin; injured by bad usage or neglect.

> A deserted and dilapidated buildings.

Cooper.

Di*lap`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. dilapidatio: cf. F. dilapidation.] 1. The act of dilapidating, or the state of being dilapidated, reduced to decay, partially ruined, or squandered.

> Tell the people that are relived by the dilapidation of their public estate.

Burke.

2. Ecclesiastical waste; impairing of church property by an incumbent, through neglect or by intention.

> The business of dilapidations came on between our bishop and the Archibishop of York.

Strype.

3. (Law) The pulling down of a building, or suffering it to fall or be in a state of decay. Burrill.

Di*lap"i*da`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. dilapidateur.] One who causes dilapidation. Strype.

Di*la`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. dilatabilité.] The quality of being dilatable, or admitting expansion; -- opposed to contractibility. Ray.

Di*lat"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. dilatable.] Capable of expansion; that may be dilated; -- opposed to contractible; as, the lungs are dilatable by the force of air; air is dilatable by heat.

Dil`a*ta"tion (?), n. [OE. dilatacioun, F. dilatation, L. dilatatio, fr. dilatare. See Dilate, and cf. 2d Dilation.] 1. Prolixity; diffuse discourse. [Obs.] "What needeth greater dilatation?" Chaucer.

2. The act of dilating; expansion; an enlarging on al&?; sides; the state of being dilated; dilation.

3. (Anat.) A dilation or enlargement of a canal or other organ.

||Dil`a*ta"tor (?), n. [NL. Cf. L. dilatator a propagator.] (Anat.) A muscle which dilates any part; a dilator.

Di*late" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dilated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dilating (?).] [L. dilatare; either fr. di- = dis- + latus wide, not the same word as latus, used as p. p. of ferre to bear (see Latitude); or fr. dilatus, used as p. p. of differre to separate (see Delay, Tolerate, Differ, and cf. Dilatory): cf. F. dilater.] 1. To expand; to distend; to enlarge or extend in all directions; to swell; -- opposed to contract; as, the air dilates the lungs; air is dilated by increase of heat.

2. To enlarge upon; to relate at large; to tell copiously or diffusely. [R.]

> Do me the favor to dilate at full
> What hath befallen of them and thee till now.

Shak.

Syn. -- To expand; swell; distend; enlarge; spread out; amplify; expatiate.

Di*late", v. i. 1. To grow wide; to expand; to swell or extend in all directions.

> His heart dilates and glories in his strength.

Addison.

2. To speak largely and copiously; to dwell in narration; to enlarge; -- with on or upon.

> But still on their ancient joys dilate.

Crabbe.

Di*late", a. Extensive; expanded. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Di*lat"ed, a. 1. Expanded; enlarged. Shak.

2. (Bot.) Widening into a lamina or into lateral winglike appendages.

3. (Zoöl.) Having the margin wide and spreading.

Di*lat"ed*ly, adv. In a dilated manner. Feltham.

Di*lat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dilates, expands, or enlarges.

Di*la"tion (?), n. [L. dilatio. See Dilatory.] Delay. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Di*la"tion, n. [From dilate, v., cf. Dilatation, Dilator.] The act of dilating, or the state of being dilated; expansion; dilatation. Mrs. Browning.

> At first her eye with slow dilation rolled.

Tennyson.

> A gigantic dilation of the hateful figure.

Dickens.

Di*lat"ive (?), a. Causing dilation; tending to dilate, on enlarge; expansive. Coleridge.

Dil`a*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Dilate + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the dilatation or expansion of a substance, especially of a fluid.

Di*lat"or (?), n. [See Dilate.] 1. One who, or that which, widens or expands.

2. (Anat.) A muscle that dilates any part.

3. (Med.) An instrument for expanding a part; as, a urethral dilator.

Dil"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. With delay; tardily.

Dil"a*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being dilatory; lateness; slowness; tardiness; sluggishness.

Dil"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. dilatorius, fr. dilator a delayer, fr. dilatus, used as p. p. of differe to defer, delay: cf. F. dilatoire. See Dilate, Differ, Defer.] 1. Inclined to defer or put off what ought to be done at once; given the procrastination; delaying; procrastinating; loitering; as, a dilatory servant.

2. Marked by procrastination or delay; tardy; slow; sluggish; -- said of actions or measures.

> Alva, as usual, brought his dilatory policy to bear upon his adversary.

Motley.

Dilatory plea (Law), a plea designed to create delay in the trial of a cause, generally founded upon some matter not connected with the merits of the case.

Syn. -- Slow; delaying; sluggish; inactive; loitering; behindhand; backward; procrastinating. See Slow.

Dil"do (?), n. A burden in popular songs. [Obs.]

> Delicate burthens of dildos and fadings.

Shak.

Dil"do, n. (Bot.) A columnar cactaceous plant of the West Indies (Cereus Swartzii).

Di*lec"tion (?), n. [L. dilectio: dilection. See Diligent.] Love; choice. [Obs.] T. Martin.

Di*lem"ma (?), n. [L. dilemma, Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; to take. See Lemma.] 1. (Logic) An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses.

The following are instances of the dilemma. A young rhetorician applied to an old sophist to be taught the art of pleading, and bargained for a certain reward to be paid when he should gain a cause. The master sued for his reward, and the scholar endeavored to &?;lude his claim by a dilemma. "If I gain my cause, I shall withhold your pay, because the judge's award will be against you; if I lose it, I may withhold it, because I shall not yet have gained a cause." "On the contrary," says the master, "if you gain your cause, you must pay me, because you are to pay me when you gain a cause; if you lose it, you must pay me, because the judge will award it." Johnson.

2. A state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to pursue; a vexatious alternative or predicament; a difficult choice or position.

> A strong dilemma in a desperate case!
> To act with infamy, or quit the place.

Swift.

Horns of a dilemma, alternatives, each of which is equally difficult of encountering.

Dil"et*tant` (?), a. Of or pertaining to dilettanteism; amateur; as, dilettant speculation. Carlyle.

Dil`et*tant" (?), n. A dilettante.

> Though few art lovers can be connoisseurs, many are dilettants.

Fairholt.

||Dil`et*tan"te (?), n.; pl. Dilettanti (#). [It., prop. p. pr. of dillettare to take delight in, fr. L. delectare to delight. See Delight, v. t.] An admirer or lover of the fine arts; popularly, an amateur; especially, one who follows an art or a branch of knowledge, desultorily, or for amusement only.

<! p. 413 !>

> The true poet is not an eccentric creature, not a mere artist living only for art, not a dreamer or a dilettante, sipping the nectar of existence, while he keeps aloof from its deeper interests.

J. C. Shairp.

Dil`et*tan"te*ish (?), a. Somewhat like a dilettante.

Dil`et*tan"te*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being a dilettante; the desultory pursuit of art, science, or literature.

Dil`et*tant"ish (?), a. Dilettanteish.

Dil`et*tant"ism (?), n. Same as Dilettanteism. F. Harrison.

Dil"i*gence (?), n. [F. diligence, L. diligentia.] 1. The quality of being diligent; carefulness; careful attention; -- the opposite of negligence.

2. Interested and persevering application; devoted and painstaking effort to accomplish what is undertaken; assiduity in service.

> That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in; and the best of me is diligence.

Shak.

3. (Scots Law) Process by which persons, lands, or effects are seized for debt; process for enforcing the attendance of witnesses or the production of writings.

To do one's diligence, give diligence, use diligence, to exert one's self; to make interested and earnest endeavor.

> And each of them doth all his diligence
> To do unto the festé reverence.

Chaucer.

Syn. -- Attention; industry; assiduity; sedulousness; earnestness; constancy; heed; heedfulness; care; caution. -- Diligence, Industry. Industry has the wider sense of the two, implying an habitual devotion to labor for some valuable end, as knowledge, property, etc. Diligence denotes earnest application to some specific object or pursuit, which more or less directly has a strong hold on one's interests or feelings. A man may be diligent for a time, or in seeking some favorite end, without meriting the title of industrious. Such was the case with Fox, while Burke was eminent not only for diligence, but industry; he was always at work, and always looking out for some new field of mental effort.

> The sweat of industry would dry and die,
> But for the end it works to.

Shak.

> Diligence and accuracy are the only merits which an historical writer ascribe to himself.

Gibbon.

||Di`li*gence" (?), n. [F.] A four-wheeled public stagecoach, used in France.

Dil"i*gen*cy (?), n. [L. diligentia.] Diligence; care; persevering endeavor. [Obs.] Milton.

Dil"i*gent (?), a. [F. diligent, L. diligens, -entis, p. pr. of diligere, dilectum, to esteem highly, prefer; di- = dis- + legere to choose. See Legend.] 1. Prosecuted with careful attention and effort; careful; painstaking; not careless or negligent.

> The judges shall make diligent inquisition.

Deut. xix. 18.

2. Interestedly and perseveringly attentive; steady and earnest in application to a subject or pursuit; assiduous; industrious.

> Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings.

Prov. xxii. 29.

> Diligent cultivation of elegant literature.

Prescott.

Syn. -- Active; assiduous; sedulous; laborious; persevering; attentive; industrious.

Dil"i*gent*ly, adv. In a diligent manner; not carelessly; not negligently; with industry or assiduity.

> Ye diligently keep commandments of the Lord your God.

Deut. vi. 17.

Dill (dl), n. [AS dile; akin to D. dille, OHG. tilli, G. dill, dille, Sw. dill, Dan. dild.] (Bot.) An herb (Peucedanum graveolens), the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, and were formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; -- called also dillseed. Dr. Prior.

Dill, v. t. [OE. dillen, fr. dul dull, a.] To still; to calm; to soothe, as one in pain. [Obs.]

Dil"ling (dl"lng), n. A darling; a favorite. [Obs.]

> Whilst the birds billing,
> Each one with his dilling.

Drayton.

Dil*lu"ing (dl*l"ng), n. (Min.) A process of sorting ore by washing in a hand sieve. [Written also deluing.]

Dil"ly (dl"l), n. [Contr. fr. diligence.] A kind of stagecoach. "The Derby dilly." J. H. Frere.

Dil"ly-dal`ly (?), v. i. [See Dally.] To loiter or trifle; to waste time.

Di*log"ic*al (?), a. Ambiguous; of double meaning. [Obs.] T. Adams.

Dil"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Dilogies (#). [L. dilogia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; doubtful; di- = di`s- twice + &?; to speak.] (Rhet.) An ambiguous speech; a figure in which a word is used an equivocal sense. [R.]

Di*lu"cid (?), a. [L. dilucidus, fr. dilucere to be light enough to distinguish objects apart. See Lucid.] Clear; lucid. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Di*lu"cid*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Di`lu*cid"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

Di*lu"ci*date (?), v. t. [L. dilucidatus, p. p. of dilucidare.] To elucidate. [Obs.] Boyle.

Di*lu`ci*da"tion (?), n. [L. dilucidatio.] The act of making clear. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dil"u*ent (?), a. [L. diluens, p. pr. diluere. See Dilute.] Diluting; making thinner or weaker by admixture, esp. of water. Arbuthnot.

Dil"u*ent, n. 1. That which dilutes.

2. (Med.) An agent used for effecting dilution of the blood; a weak drink.

> There is no real diluent but water.

Arbuthnot.

Di*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Diluting.] [L. dilutus, p. p. of diluere to wash away, dilute; di- = dis- + luere, equiv. to lavare to wash, lave. See Lave, and cf. Deluge.] 1. To make thinner or more liquid by admixture with something; to thin and dissolve by mixing.

> Mix their watery store.
> With the chyle's current, and dilute it more.

Blackmore.

2. To diminish the strength, flavor, color, etc., of, by mixing; to reduce, especially by the addition of water; to temper; to attenuate; to weaken.

> Lest these colors should be diluted and weakened by the mixture of any adventitious light.

Sir I. Newton.

Di*lute" (?), v. i. To become attenuated, thin, or weak; as, it dilutes easily.

Di*lute" (?), a. [L. dilutus, p. p.] Diluted; thin; weak.

> A dilute and waterish exposition.

Hopkins.

Di*lut"ed (?), a. Reduced in strength; thin; weak. -- Di*lut"ed*ly, adv.

Di*lute"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being dilute. Bp. Wilkins.

Di*lut"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dilutes or makes thin, more liquid, or weaker.

Di*lu"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dilution.] The act of diluting, or the state of being diluted. Arbuthnot.

Di*lu"vi*al (?), a. [L. diluvialis. fr. diluvium.] 1. Of or pertaining to a flood or deluge, esp. to the great deluge in the days of Noah; diluvian.

2. (Geol.) Effected or produced by a flood or deluge of water; -- said of coarse and imperfectly stratified deposits along ancient or existing water courses. Similar unstratified deposits were formed by the agency of ice. The time of deposition has been called the Diluvian epoch.

Di*lu"vi*al*ist, n. One who explains geological phenomena by the Noachian deluge. Lyell.

Di*lu"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F. diluvien.] Of or pertaining to a deluge, esp. to the Noachian deluge; diluvial; as, of diluvian origin. Buckland.

Di*lu"vi*ate (?), v. i. [L. diluviare.] To run as a flood. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

Di*lu"vi*um (?), n.; pl. E. Diluviums (#), L. Diluvia (#). [L. diluvium. See Dilute, Deluge.] (Geol.) A deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, stones, etc., caused by former action of flowing waters, or the melting of glacial ice.

The accumulation of matter by the ordinary operation of water is termed alluvium.

Dim (?), a. [Compar. Dimmer (?); superl. Dimmest (?).] [AS. dim; akin to OFries. dim, Icel. dimmr: cf. MHG. timmer, timber; of uncertain origin.] 1. Not bright or distinct; wanting luminousness or clearness; obscure in luster or sound; dusky; darkish; obscure; indistinct; overcast; tarnished.

> The dim magnificence of poetry.

Whewell.

> How is the gold become dim!

Lam. iv. 1.

> I never saw
> The heavens so dim by day.

Shak.

> Three sleepless nights I passed in sounding on,
> Through words and things, a dim and perilous way.

Wordsworth.

2. Of obscure vision; not seeing clearly; hence, dull of apprehension; of weak perception; obtuse.

> Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow.

Job xvii. 7.

> The understanding is dim.

Rogers.

Obvious compounds: dim-eyed; dim-sighted, etc.

Syn. -- Obscure; dusky; dark; mysterious; imperfect; dull; sullied; tarnished.

Dim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dimming.] 1. To render dim, obscure, or dark; to make less bright or distinct; to take away the luster of; to darken; to dull; to obscure; to eclipse.

> A king among his courtiers, who dims all his attendants.

Dryden.

> Now set the sun, and twilight dimmed the ways.

Cowper.

2. To deprive of distinct vision; to hinder from seeing clearly, either by dazzling or clouding the eyes; to darken the senses or understanding of.

> Her starry eyes were dimmed with streaming tears.

C. Pitt.

Dim, v. i. To grow dim. J. C. Shairp.

Dim"ble (?), n. [Prob. orig., a cavity, and the same word as dimple. See Dimple.] A bower; a dingle. [Obs.] Drayton.

Dime (?), n. [F. dîme tithe, OF. disme, fr. L. decimus the tenth, fr. decem ten. See Decimal.] A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents; the tenth of a dollar.

Dime novel, a novel, commonly sensational and trashy, which is sold for a dime, or ten cents.

Di*men"sion (?), n. [L. dimensio, fr. dimensus, p. p. of dimetiri to measure out; di- = dis- + metiri to measure: cf. F. dimension. See Measure.] 1. Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness, or circumference; extension; measurement; -- usually, in the plural, measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness; extent; size; as, the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom.

> Gentlemen of more than ordinary dimensions.

W. Irving.

Space of dimension, extension that has length but no breadth or thickness; a straight or curved line. - - Space of two dimensions, extension which has length and breadth, but no thickness; a plane or curved surface. -- Space of three dimensions, extension which has length, breadth, and thickness; a solid. -- Space of four dimensions, as imaginary kind of extension, which is assumed to have length, breadth, thickness, and also a fourth imaginary dimension. Space of five or six, or more dimensions is also sometimes assumed in mathematics.

2. Extent; reach; scope; importance; as, a project of large dimensions.

3. (Math.) The degree of manifoldness of a quantity; as, time is quantity having one dimension; volume has three dimensions, relative to extension.

4. (Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in characterizing a term. The term dimensions forms with the cardinal numbers a phrase equivalent to degree with the ordinal; thus, a2b2c is a term of five dimensions, or of the fifth degree.

5. pl. (Phys.) The manifoldness with which the fundamental units of time, length, and mass are involved in determining the units of other physical quantities. Thus, since the unit of velocity varies directly as the unit of length and inversely as the unit of time, the dimensions of velocity are said to be length ÷ time; the dimensions of work are mass × (length)2 ÷ (time)2; the dimensions of density are mass ÷ (length)3.

Dimension lumber, Dimension scantling, or Dimension stock (Carp.), lumber for building, etc., cut to the sizes usually in demand, or to special sizes as ordered. -- Dimension stone, stone delivered from the quarry rough, but brought to such sizes as are requisite for cutting to dimensions given.

Di*men"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to dimension.

Di*men"sioned (?), a. Having dimensions. [R.]

Di*men"sion*less (?), a. Without dimensions; having no appreciable or noteworthy extent. Milton.

Di*men"si*ty (?), n. Dimension. [R.] Howell.

Di*men"sive (?), a. Without dimensions; marking dimensions or the limits.

> Who can draw the soul's dimensive lines?

Sir J. Davies.

||Dim"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; part.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division of Coleoptera, having two joints to the tarsi. (b) A division of the Hemiptera, including the aphids.

Dim"er*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Dimera.

Dim"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; part.] Composed of, or having, two parts of each kind.

A dimerous flower has two sepals, two petals, two stamens, and two pistils.

Dim"e*ter (?), a. [L. dimeter, Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; measure.] Having two poetical measures or meters. -- n. A verse of two meters.

Di*meth"yl (?), n. [Pref. di- + methyl.] (Chem.) Ethane; -- sometimes so called because regarded as consisting of two methyl radicals. See Ethane.

Di*met"ric (?), a. [See Dimeter, a.] (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal. Dana.

Dim`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. dimicatio, fr. dimicare to fight.] A fight; contest. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Di*mid"i*ate (?), a. [L. dimidiatus, p. p. of dimidiare to halve, fr. dimidius half. See Demi-.] 1. Divided into two equal parts; reduced to half in shape or form.

2. (Biol.) (a) Consisting of only one half of what the normal condition requires; having the appearance of lacking one half; as, a dimidiate leaf, which has only one side developed. (b) Having the organs of one side, or half, different in function from the corresponding organs on the other side; as, dimidiate hermaphroditism.

Di*mid"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dimidiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dimidiating.] 1. To divide into two equal parts. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. (Her.) To represent the half of; to halve.

Di*mid`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. dimidiatio.] The act of dimidiating or halving; the state of being dimidiate.

Di*min"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diminished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diminishing.] [Pref. di- (= L. dis- ) + minish: cf. L. diminuere, F. diminuer, OE. diminuen. See Dis-, and Minish.] 1. To make smaller in any manner; to reduce in bulk or amount; to lessen; -- opposed to augment or increase.

> Not diminish, but rather increase, the debt.

Barrow.

2. To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to abase; to weaken.

> This doth nothing diminish their opinion.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

> I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations.

Ezek. xxix. 15.

> O thou . . . at whose sight all the stars
> Hide their diminished heads.

Milton.

3. (Mus.) To make smaller by a half step; to make (an interval) less than minor; as, a diminished seventh.

4. To take away; to subtract.

> Neither shall ye diminish aught from it.

Deut. iv. 2.

Diminished column, one whose upper diameter is less than the lower. -- Diminished, or Diminishing, scale, a scale of gradation used in finding the different points for drawing the spiral curve of the volute. Gwilt. -- Diminishing rule (Arch.), a board cut with a concave edge, for fixing the entasis and curvature of a shaft. -- Diminishing stile (Arch.), a stile which is narrower in one part than in another, as in many glazed doors.

Syn. -- To decrease; lessen; abate; reduce; contract; curtail; impair; degrade. See Decrease.

Di*min"ish, v. i. To become or appear less or smaller; to lessen; as, the apparent size of an object diminishes as we recede from it.

Di*min"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being diminished or lessened.

Di*min"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, diminishes anything. Clerke (1637).

Di*min"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a manner to diminish.

Di*min"ish*ment (?), n. Diminution. [R.] Cheke.

Di*min`u*en"do (?), adv. [It., p. pr. of diminuere to diminish.] (Mus.) In a gradually diminishing manner; with abatement of tone; decrescendo; -- expressed on the staff by Dim., or Dimin., or the sign.

Di*min"u*ent (?), a. [L. diminuens, p. pr. of diminuere. See Diminish.] Lessening. Bp. Sanderson.

Dim`i*nu"tal (?), a. Indicating or causing diminution. Earle.

Dim"i*nute (?), a. Small; diminished; diminutive. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Dim"i*nute*ly, adv. Diminutively. [Obs.]

Dim`i*nu"tion (?), n. [L. diminutio, or perh. rather deminutio: cf. F. diminution. See Diminish.] 1. The act of diminishing, or of making or becoming less; state of being diminished; reduction in size, quantity, or degree; -- opposed to augmentation or increase.

2. The act of lessening dignity or consideration, or the state of being deprived of dignity; a lowering in estimation; degradation; abasement.

> The world's opinion or diminution of me.

Eikon Basilike.

> Nor thinks it diminution to be ranked
> In military honor next.

Philips.

<! p. 414 !>

3. (Law) Omission, inaccuracy, or defect in a record.

4. (Mus.) In counterpoint, the imitation of, or reply to, a subject, in notes of half the length or value of those the subject itself.

Syn. -- Decrease; decay; abatement; reduction; deduction; decrement.

Di*min`u*ti"val (?), a. Indicating diminution; diminutive. "Diminutival forms" [of words]. Earle. -- n. A diminutive. Earle.

Di*min"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. L. deminutivus, F. diminutif.] 1. Below the average size; very small; little.

2. Expressing diminution; as, a diminutive word.

3. Tending to diminish. [R.]

> Diminutive of liberty.

Shaftesbury.

Di*min"u*tive, n. 1. Something of very small size or value; an insignificant thing.

> Such water flies, diminutives of nature.

Shak.

2. (Gram.) A derivative from a noun, denoting a small or a young object of the same kind with that denoted by the primitive; as, gosling, eaglet, lambkin.

> Babyisms and dear diminutives.

Tennyson.

The word sometimes denotes a derivative verb which expresses a diminutive or petty form of the action, as scribble.

Di*min"u*tive*ly, adv. In a diminutive manner.

Di*min"u*tive*ness, n. The quality of being diminutive; smallness; littleness; minuteness.

Dim"ish (?), a. See Dimmish.

Di*mis"sion (?), n. [L. dimissio. See Dimit, and cf. Dismission.] Leave to depart; a dismissing. [Obs.] Barrow.

Dim"is*so*ry (?; 277), a. [L. dimissorius: cf. F. dimissoire. See Dimit.] Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction; granting leave to depart.

Letters dimissory (Eccl.), letters given by a bishop dismissing a person who is removing into another diocese, and recommending him for reception there. Hook.

Di*mit" (?), v. t. [L. dimittere to send away, le&?; go; di- = dis- + mittere to send. See Dismiss.] To dismiss, let go, or release. [Obs.]

Dim"i*ty (?), n. [Prob. fr. Gr. &?; of double thread, dimity; di- = di`s- twice + &?; a thread of the warp; prob. through D. diemet, of F. dimite, démitte. Cf. Samite.] A cotton fabric employed for hangings and furniture coverings, and formerly used for women's under-garments. It is of many patterns, both plain and twilled, and occasionally is printed in colors.

Dim"ly, adv. In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.

{ Dim"mish (?), Dim"my (?), } a. Somewhat dim; as, dimmish eyes. "Dimmy clouds." Sir P. Sidney.

Dim"ness, n. [AS. dimness.] 1. The state or quality &?; being dim; lack of brightness, clearness, or distinctness; dullness; obscurity.

2. Dullness, or want of clearness, of vision or of intellectual perception. Dr. H. More.

Syn. -- Darkness; obscurity; gloom. See Darkness.

Di"morph` (?), n. [Gr. &?; two-formed; di`s- twice (see Di-) + &?; form.] (Crystallog.) Either one of the two forms of a dimorphous substance; as, calcite and aragonite are dimorphs.

Di*mor"phic (?), a. Having the property of dimorphism; dimorphous.

Di*mor"phism (?), n. [Cf. F. dimorphisme.] 1. (Biol.) Difference of form between members of the same species, as when a plant has two kinds of flowers, both hermaphrodite (as in the partridge berry), or when there are two forms of one or both sexes of the same species of butterfly.

> Dimorphism is the condition of the appearance of the same species under two dissimilar forms.

Darwin.

2. (Crystallog.) Crystallization in two independent forms of the same chemical compound, as of calcium carbonate as calcite and aragonite.

Di*mor"phous (?), a. [Cf. F. dimorphe.] 1. (Biol.) Characterized by dimorphism; occurring under two distinct forms, not dependent on sex; dimorphic.

2. (Crystallog.) Crystallizing under two forms fundamentally different, while having the same chemical composition.

Dim"ple (?), n. [Prob. a nasalized dim. of dip. See Dip, and cf. Dimble.] 1. A slight natural depression or indentation on the surface of some part of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin. Milton.

> The dimple of her chin.

Prior.

2. A slight indentation on any surface.

> The garden pool's dark surface . . .
> Breaks into dimples small and bright.

Wordsworth.

Dim"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dimpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dimpling (?).] To form dimples; to sink into depressions or little inequalities.

> And smiling eddies dimpled on the main.

Dryden.

Dim"ple, v. t. To mark with dimples or dimplelike depressions. Shak.

Dim"ple*ment (?), n. The state of being dimpled, or marked with gentle depressions. [R.]

> The ground's most gentle dimplement.

Mrs. Browning.

Dim"ply (?), a. Full of dimples, or small depressions; dimpled; as, the dimply pool. Thomson.

Dim"-sight`ed (?), a. Having dim sight; lacking perception. -- Dim"-sight`ed*ness, n.

||Dim"y*a (?), Dim`y*a"ri*a (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; = &?; + &?; to close.] (Zoöl.) An order of lamellibranchiate mollusks having an anterior and posterior adductor muscle, as the common clam. See Bivalve.

Dim`y*a"ri*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the Dimya. -- n. One of the Dimya.

Dim"y*a*ry (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Same as Dimyarian.

Din (?), n. [AS. dyne, dyn; akin to Icel. dynr, and to AS. dynian to resound, Icel. dynja to pour down like hail or rain; cf. Skr. dhuni roaring, a torrent, dhvan to sound. Cf. Dun to ask payment.] Loud, confused, harsh noise; a loud, continuous, rattling or clanging sound; clamor; roar.

> Think you a little din can daunt mine ears?

Shak.

> He knew the battle's din afar.

Sir W. Scott.

> The dust and din and steam of town.

Tennyson.

Din, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dinning.] [AS. dynian. See Din, n.] 1. To strike with confused or clanging sound; to stun with loud and continued noise; to harass with clamor; as, to din the ears with cries.

2. To utter with a din; to repeat noisily; to ding.

> This hath been often dinned in my ears.

Swift.

To din into, to fix in the mind of another by frequent and noisy repetitions. Sir W. Scott.

Din, v. i. To sound with a din; a ding.

> The gay viol dinning in the dale.

A. Seward.

di*naph"thyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + naphthylene.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C20H14, obtained from naphthylene, and consisting of a doubled naphthylene radical.

Di"nar (d"nr or d*när"), n. [Ar. dnr, from Gr. dhna`rion, fr. L. denarius. See Denier.] 1. A petty money of accounts of Persia.

2. An ancient gold coin of the East.

di"nar*chy (?), n. See Diarchy.

Dine (dn), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dined (dnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dining.] [F. dîner, OF. disner, LL. disnare, contr. fr. an assumed disjunare; dis- + an assumed junare (OF. juner) to fast, for L. jejunare, fr. jejunus fasting. See Jejune, and cf. Dinner, D&?;jeuner.] To eat the principal regular meal of the day; to take dinner.

> Now can I break my fast, dine, sup, and sleep.

Shak.

To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner; -- a phrase common in Elizabethan literature, said to be from the practice of the poor gentry, who beguiled the dinner hour by a promenade near the tomb of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in Old Saint Paul's.

Dine, v. t. 1. To give a dinner to; to furnish with the chief meal; to feed; as, to dine a hundred men.

> A table massive enough to have dined Johnnie Armstrong and his merry men.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To dine upon; to have to eat. [Obs.] "What will ye dine." Chaucer.

Din"er (?), n. One who dines.

Din"er-out` (?), n. One who often takes his dinner away from home, or in company.

> A brilliant diner-out, though but a curate.

Byron.

Di*net"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; to whirl round.] Revolving on an axis. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ding (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinged (?), Dang (Obs.), or Dung (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Dinging.] [OE. dingen, dengen; akin to AS. dencgan to knock, Icel. dengja to beat, hammer, Sw. dänga, G. dengeln.] 1. To dash; to throw violently. [Obs.]

> To ding the book a coit's distance from him.

Milton.

2. To cause to sound or ring.

To ding (anything) in one's ears, to impress one by noisy repetition, as if by hammering.

Ding, v. i. 1. To strike; to thump; to pound. [Obs.]

> Diken, or delven, or dingen upon sheaves.

Piers Plowman.

2. To sound, as a bell; to ring; to clang.

> The fretful tinkling of the convent bell evermore dinging among the mountain echoes.

W. Irving.

3. To talk with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration; to bluster. [Low]

Ding, n. A thump or stroke, especially of a bell.

Ding"dong` (?), n. [See Ding.] 1. The sound of, or as of, repeated strokes on a metallic body, as a bell; a repeated and monotonous sound.

2. (Horol.) An attachment to a clock by which the quarter hours are struck upon bells of different tones.

{ Din"gey (?), Din"gy, Din"ghy }, n. [Bengalee dingi.] 1. A kind of boat used in the East Indies. [Written also dinghey.] Malcom.

2. A ship's smallest boat.

Din"gi*ly (?), adv. In a dingy manner.

Din"gi*ness, n. Quality of being dingy; a dusky hue.

Din"gle (?), n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. AS. ding prison; or perh. akin to dimble.] A narrow dale; a small dell; a small, secluded, and embowered valley.

Din"gle-dan`gle (?), adv. In a dangling manner.

Din"go (?), n. (Zoöl.) A wild dog found in Australia, but supposed to have introduced at a very early period. It has a wolflike face, bushy tail, and a reddish brown color.

Ding"thrift` (?), n. A spendthrift. [Obs.]

> Wilt thou, therefore, a drunkard be,
> A dingthrift and a knave?

Drant.

Din"gy (?), a. [Compar. Dingier (?); superl. Dingiest.] [Prob. fr. dung. Cf. Dungy.] Soiled; sullied; of a dark or dusky color; dark brown; dirty. "Scraps of dingy paper." Macaulay.

||Di*nich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; terrible + &?; fish.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct Devonian ganoid fishes. In some parts of Ohio remains of the Dinichthys are abundant, indicating animals twenty feet in length.

Din"ing (?), n. & a. from Dine, a.

Used either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, dining hall or dining-hall, dining room, dining table, etc.

Dink (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Trim; neat. [Scot.] Burns. -- Dink"ly, adv.

Dink, v. t. To deck; -- often with out or up. [Scot.]

Din"mont (?), n. (Zoöl.) A wether sheep between one and two years old. [Scot.]

Din"ner (?), n. [F. dîner, fr. dîner to dine. See Dine.] 1. The principal meal of the day, eaten by most people about midday, but by many (especially in cities) at a later hour.

2. An entertainment; a feast.

> A grand political dinner.

Tennyson.

Dinner is much used, in an obvious sense, either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, dinner time, or dinner-time, dinner bell, dinner hour, etc.

Din"ner*less, a. Having no dinner. Fuller.

Din"ner*ly, a. Of or pertaining to dinner. [R.]

> The dinnerly officer.

Copley.

||Di*noc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; terrible + &?;, &?;, horn.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct Eocene mammals from Wyoming; -- called also Uintatherium. See Illustration in Appendix.

They were herbivorous, and remarkable for three pairs of hornlike protuberances on the skull. The males were armed with a pair of powerful canine tusks.

||Di*nor"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; terrible + &?; bird.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct, ostrichlike birds of gigantic size, which formerly inhabited New Zealand. See Moa. [Written also Deinornis.]

{ Di"no*saur (?), Di`no*sau"ri*an (?), } n. [Gr. &?; terrible + &?; lizard.] (Paleon.) One of the Dinosauria. [Written also deinosaur, and deinosaurian.]

||Di`no*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; terrible + &?; lizard.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct mesozoic reptiles, mostly of large size (whence the name). Notwithstanding their size, they present birdlike characters in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind limbs. Some walked on their three-toed hind feet, thus producing the large "bird tracks," so- called, of mesozoic sandstones; others were five-toed and quadrupedal. See Illust. of Compsognathus, also Illustration of Dinosaur in Appendix.

{ Di"no*there (?), ||Di`no*the"ri*um (?), } n. [NL. dinotherium, fr. Gr. deino`s terrible + qhri`on beast.] (Paleon.) A large extinct proboscidean mammal from the miocene beds of Europe and Asia. It is remarkable fora pair of tusks directed downward from the decurved apex of the lower jaw.

Din*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Dioxide.

Din"some (?), a. Full of din. [Scot.] Burns.

Dint (?), n. [OE. dint, dent, dunt, a blow, AS. dynt; akin to Icel. dyntr a dint, dynta to dint, and perh. to L. fendere (in composition). Cf. 1st Dent, Defend.] 1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs.] "Mortal dint." Milton. "Like thunder's dint." Fairfax.

2. The mark left by a blow; an indentation or impression made by violence; a dent. Dryden.

> Every dint a sword had beaten in it [the shield].

Tennyson.

3. Force; power; -- esp. in the phrase by dint of.

> Now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel
> The dint of pity.

Shak.

> It was by dint of passing strength
> That he moved the massy stone at length.

Sir W. Scott.

Dint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dinting.] To make a mark or cavity on or in, by a blow or by pressure; to dent. Donne. Tennyson.

Di*nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [L. dinumeratio; di- = dis- + numerare to count, fr. numerus number.] Enumeration. [Obs.] Bullokar.

Di*oc"e*san (?; 277), a. [LL. dioecesanus: cf. F. diocésain.] Of or pertaining to a diocese; as, diocesan missions.

Di*oc"e*san, n. 1. A bishop, viewed in relation to his diocese; as, the diocesan of New York.

2. pl. The clergy or the people of a diocese. Strype.

Di"o*cese (?), n.; pl. Dioceses (#). [OE. diocise, OF. diocise, F. diocése, L. dioecesis, fr. Gr. &?; housekeeping, administration, a province, a diocese, fr. &?; to keep house, manage; dia` through + &?; to manage a household, &?; a house. See Economy.] (Eccl.) The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority. [Frequently, but improperly, spelt diocess.]

Di`o*ce"se*ner (?), n. One who belongs to a diocese. [Obs.] Bacon.

Di"o*don (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth: cf. F. diodon.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of spinose, plectognath fishes, having the teeth of each jaw united into a single beaklike plate. They are able to inflate the body by taking in air or water, and, hence, are called globefishes, swellfishes, etc. Called also porcupine fishes, and sea hedgehogs.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of whales.

Di"o*dont (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Diodon. -- n. A fish of the genus Diodon, or an allied genus.

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||Di*œ"ci*a (d*"sh*), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di = di`s twice + o'i^kos a house.] 1. (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having the stamens and pistils on different plants.

2. (Zoöl.) A subclass of gastropod mollusks in which the sexes are separate. It includes most of the large marine species, like the conchs, cones, and cowries.

{ Di*œ"cian (?), Di*œ"cious (?), } a. (Biol.) Having the sexes in two separate individuals; -- applied to plants in which the female flowers occur on one individual and the male flowers on another of the same species, and to animals in which the ovum is produced by one individual and the sperm cell by another; -- opposed to monœcious.

Di*œ"cious*ly, adv. (Biol.) In a diœcious manner.

Diœciously hermaphrodite (Bot.), having flowers structurally perfect, but practically diœcious, -- those on one plant producing no pollen, and those on another no ovules.

Di*œ"cious*ness, n. (Biol.) The state or quality of being diœcious.

Di*œ"cism (?), n. (Biol.) The condition of being diœcious.

Di*og"e*nes (?), n. A Greek Cynic philosopher (412?-323 B. C.) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings.

Diogenes' crab (Zoöl.), a species of terrestrial hermit crabs (Cenobita Diogenes), abundant in the West Indies and often destructive to crops. -- Diogenes' tub, the tub which the philosopher Diogenes is said to have carried about with him as his house, in which he lived.

Di*oi"cous (?), a. See Diœcious.

||Di*om`e*de"a (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large sea birds, including the albatross. See Albatross.

||Di`o*næ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a name of Aphrodite.] (Bot.) An insectivorous plant. See Venus's flytrap.

Di`o*ny"sian (?), a. Relating to Dionysius, a monk of the 6th century; as, the Dionysian, or Christian, era.

Dionysian period, a period of 532 years, depending on the cycle of the sun, or 28 years, and the cycle of the moon, or 19 years; -- sometimes called the Greek paschal cycle, or Victorian period.

Di`o*phan"tine (?), a. Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on algebra.

Diophantine analysis (Alg.), that branch of indeterminate analysis which has for its object the discovery of rational values that satisfy given equations containing squares or cubes; as, for example, to find values of x and y which make x2 + y2 an exact square.

Di*op"side (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a sight, fr. the root of &?; I shall see: cf. F. diopside.] (Min.) A crystallized variety of pyroxene, of a clear, grayish green color; mussite.

Di*op"tase (?), n. [Gr. &?; = dia` through + &?; to see: cf. F. dioptase.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring in emerald-green crystals.

{ Di*op"ter (?), ||Di*op"tra (?), } n. [L. dioptra, fr. Gr. &?;. See 2d Dioptric.] An optical instrument, invented by Hipparchus, for taking altitudes, leveling, etc.

||Di*op"tre (?), n. [F. See 2d Dioptric.] (Optics) A unit employed by oculists in numbering glasses according to the metric system; a refractive power equal to that of a glass whose principal focal distance is one meter.

Di*op"tric (?), a. (Optics) Of or pertaining to the dioptre, or to the metric system of numbering glasses. -- n. A dioptre. See Dioptre.

{ Di*op"tric (?), Di*op"tric*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; belonging to the use of the &?;; &?; = dia` through + the root of &?; I shall see: cf. F. dioptrique.] Of or pertaining to dioptrics; assisting vision by means of the refraction of light; refractive; as, the dioptric system; a dioptric glass or telescope. "Dioptrical principles." Nichol.

Dioptric curve (Geom.), a Cartesian oval. See under Cartesian.

Di*op"trics (?), n. [Gr. &?; &?;: cf. F. dioptrique.] (Optics) The science of the refraction of light; that part of geometrical optics which treats of the laws of the refraction of light in passing from one medium into another, or through different mediums, as air, water, or glass, and esp. through different lenses; -- distinguished from catoptrics, which refers to reflected light.

Di*op"try (?), n. (Optics) A dioptre.

Di`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; to see through; &?; = dia` through + &?; to see; cf. &?; that which is seen, a sight: cf. F. diorama. Cf. Panorama.] 1. A mode of scenic representation, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced.

2. A building used for such an exhibition.

Di`o*ram"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a diorama.

Di"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to distinguish; &?; = dia` through + &?; to divide from, fr. &?; a boundary.] Definition; logical direction. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Di`o*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Distinguishing; distinctive; defining. [R.] -- Di`o*ris"tic*al*ly (#), adv. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Di"o*rite (?), n. [Cf. F. diorite. See Diorism.] (Min.) An igneous, crystalline in structure, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and hornblende. It includes part of what was called greenstone.

Di`o*rit"ic (?), a. Containing diorite.

Di`or*thot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; = &?; + &?; to set straight.] Relating to the correcting or straightening out of something; corrective.

||Di`os*co"re*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Dioscorides the Greek physician.] (Bot.) A genus of plants. See Yam.

||Di*o"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; two- handled; di- = di`s- twice + &?;, &?;, ear, handle.] (Rom. Antiq.) A vase or drinking cup having two handles or ears.

Di*ox"ide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + oxide.] (Chem.) (a) An oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in each molecule; binoxide. (b) An oxide containing but one atom or equivalent of oxygen to two of a metal; a suboxide. [Obs.]

Carbon dioxide. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

Di`ox*in"dol (?), n. [Pref. di- + oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance obtained by the reduction of isatin. It is a member of the indol series; -- hence its name.

Dip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dipped (?) or Dipt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Dipping.] [OE. dippen, duppen, AS. dyppan; akin to Dan. dyppe, Sw. doppa, and to AS. d&?;pan to baptize, OS. d&?;pian, D. doopen, G. taufen, Sw. döpa, Goth. daupjan, Lith. dubus deep, hollow, OSlav. dupl&?; hollow, and to E. dive. Cf. Deep, Dive.] 1. To plunge or immerse; especially, to put for a moment into a liquid; to insert into a fluid and withdraw again.

> The priest shall dip his finger in the blood.

Lev. iv. 6.

> [Wat'ry fowl] now dip their pinions in the briny deep.

Pope.

> While the prime swallow dips his wing.

Tennyson.

2. To immerse for baptism; to baptize by immersion. Book of Common Prayer. Fuller.

3. To wet, as if by immersing; to moisten. [Poetic]

> A cold shuddering dew
> Dips me all o'er.

Milton.

4. To plunge or engage thoroughly in any affair.

> He was . . . dipt in the rebellion of the Commons.

Dryden.

5. To take out, by dipping a dipper, ladle, or other receptacle, into a fluid and removing a part; -- often with out; as, to dip water from a boiler; to dip out water.

6. To engage as a pledge; to mortgage. [Obs.]

> Live on the use and never dip thy lands.

Dryden.

Dipped candle, a candle made by repeatedly dipping a wick in melted tallow. -- To dip snuff, to take snuff by rubbing it on the gums and teeth. [Southern U. S.] -- To dip the colors (Naut.), to lower the colors and return them to place; -- a form of naval salute.

Dip, v. i. 1. To immerse one's self; to become plunged in a liquid; to sink.

> The sun's rim dips; the stars rush out.

Coleridge.

2. To perform the action of plunging some receptacle, as a dipper, ladle. etc.; into a liquid or a soft substance and removing a part.

> Whoever dips too deep will find death in the pot.

L'Estrange.

3. To pierce; to penetrate; -- followed by in or into.

> When I dipt into the future.

Tennyson.

4. To enter slightly or cursorily; to engage one's self desultorily or by the way; to partake limitedly; -- followed by in or into. "Dipped into a multitude of books." Macaulay.

5. To incline downward from the plane of the horizon; as, strata of rock dip.

6. To dip snuff. [Southern U.S.]

Dip, n. 1. The action of dipping or plunging for a moment into a liquid. "The dip of oars in unison." Glover.

2. Inclination downward; direction below a horizontal line; slope; pitch.

3. A liquid, as a sauce or gravy, served at table with a ladle or spoon. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

4. A dipped candle. [Colloq.] Marryat.

Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the angular depression of the seen or visible horizon below the true or natural horizon; the angle at the eye of an observer between a horizontal line and a tangent drawn from the eye to the surface of the ocean. -- Dip of the needle, or Magnetic dip, the angle formed, in a vertical plane, by a freely suspended magnetic needle, or the line of magnetic force, with a horizontal line; -- called also inclination. -- Dip of a stratum (Geol.), its greatest angle of inclination to the horizon, or that of a line perpendicular to its direction or strike; -- called also the pitch.

Di*pas"chal (?), a. [Pref. di- + paschal.] Including two passovers. Carpenter.

Dip"chick` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

Di*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. di- + petalous.] (Bot.) Having two petals; two- petaled.

Di*phe"nyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + phenyl.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H5.C6H5, obtained by leading benzene through a heated iron tube. It consists of two benzene or phenyl radicals united.

Diph*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leather (hence taken in the sense of membrane): cf. &?; to make soft, L. depsere to knead.] (Med.) A very dangerous contagious disease in which the air passages, and especially the throat, become coated with a false membrane, produced by the solidification of an inflammatory exudation. Cf. Group.

{ Diph*the"ri*al (?), Diph*ther"ic (?), } a. Relating to diphtheria; diphtheritic.

Diph`the*rit"ic (?), a. (Med.) 1. Pertaining to, or connected with, diphtheria.

2. Having characteristics resembling those of diphtheria; as, diphtheritic inflammation of the bladder.

Diph"thong (?; 115, 277), n. [L. diphthongus, Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; voice, sound, fr. &?; to utter a sound: cf. F. diphthongue.] (Orthoëpy) (a) A coalition or union of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable; as, ou in out, oi in noise; -- called a proper diphthong. (b) A vowel digraph; a union of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them being sounded; as, ai in rain, eo in people; -- called an improper diphthong.

Diph"thong, v. t. To form or pronounce as a diphthong; diphthongize. [R.]

Diph*thon"gal (?; 115), a. Relating or belonging to a diphthong; having the nature of a diphthong. -- Diph*thon"gal*ly, adv.

Diph*thon"gal*ize (?; 115), v. t. To make into a diphthong; to pronounce as a diphthong.

Diph`thon*ga"tion (?), n. See Diphthongization.

Diph*thong"ic (?; 115), a. Of the nature of diphthong; diphthongal. H. Sweet.

Diph`thong*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of changing into a diphthong. H. Sweet.

Diph"thong*ize (?), v. t. & i. To change into a diphthong, as by affixing another vowel to a simple vowel. "The diphthongized long vowels." H. Sweet.

Diph`y*cer"cal (?), a. [Gr. difyh`s double (di- = di`s- twice + fy`ein to produce) + ke`rkos tail.] (Anat.) Having the tail fin divided into two equal parts by the notochord, or end of the vertebral column; protocercal. See Protocercal.

Diph`y*gen"ic (-jn"k), a. [Gr. difyh`s of double form + - genic.] (Zoöl.) Having two modes of embryonic development.
[1913 Webster]

Diph"yl*lous (df"l*ls or d*fl"-), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + fy`llon leaf: cf. F. diphylle.] (Bot.) Having two leaves, as a calyx, etc.
[1913 Webster]

Diph"y*o*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; double (di- = di`s- twice + &?; to produce) + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Anat.) Having two successive sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent), one succeeding the other; as, a diphyodont mammal; diphyodont dentition; -- opposed to monophyodont. -- n. An animal having two successive sets of teeth.

Diph`y*o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. &?; of double from + E. zooid.] (Zoöl.) One of the free-swimming sexual zooids of Siphonophora.

Di*pla"nar (?), a. [Pref. di- + plane.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to two planes.

Di*plei"do*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; double + &?; image + -scope.] (Astron.) An instrument for determining the time of apparent noon. It consists of two mirrors and a plane glass disposed in the form of a prism, so that, by the reflections of the sun's rays from their surfaces, two images are presented to the eye, moving in opposite directions, and coinciding at the instant the sun's center is on the meridian.

Dip`lo*blas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; doublet + -blast + -ic.] (Biol.) Characterizing the ovum when it has two primary germinal layers.

Dip`lo*car"di*ac (?), a. [Gr. &?; double + E. cardiac.] (Anat.) Having the heart completely divided or double, one side systemic, the other pulmonary.

||Dip`lo*coc"cus (?), n.; pl. Diplococci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. diplo`os twofold + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Biol.) A form of micrococcus in which cocci are united in a binary manner. See Micrococcus.

||Dip"lo*ë (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fold, fr. &?; twofold, double.] (Anat.) The soft, spongy, or cancellated substance between the plates of the skull.

Dip`lo*et"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Diploic.

Dip`lo*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; double + the root of &?; to produce.] Partaking of the nature of two bodies; producing two substances. Wright.

Di*plo"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diploë.

Dip"loid (?), n. [Gr. &?; twofold + -oid.] (Crystallog.) A solid bounded by twenty- four similar quadrilateral faces. It is a hemihedral form of the hexoctahedron.

Di*plo"ma (?), n.; pl. Diplomas (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to double, fr. &?; twofold. See Double.] A letter or writing, usually under seal, conferring some privilege, honor, or power; a document bearing record of a degree conferred by a literary society or educational institution.

Di*plo"ma*cy (?), n. [F. diplomatie. This word, like supremacy, retains the accent of its original. See Diploma.] 1. The art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations (particularly in securing treaties), including the methods and forms usually employed.

2. Dexterity or skill in securing advantages; tact.

3. The body of ministers or envoys resident at a court; the diplomatic body. [R.] Burke.

{ Dip"lo*mat (?), Dip"lo*mate (?) }, n. [F. diplomate.] A diplomatist.

Dip"lo*mate (?), v. t. To invest with a title or privilege by diploma. [R.] Wood.

Dip`lo*ma"tial (?), a. Diplomatic. [R.]

{ Dip`lo*mat"ic (?), Dip`lo*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. diplomatique.] 1. Pertaining to diplomacy; relating to the foreign ministers at a court, who are called the diplomatic body.

2. Characterized by tact and shrewdness; dexterous; artful; as, diplomatic management.

3. Pertaining to diplomatics; paleographic. Astle.

Dip`lo*mat"ic, n. A minister, official agent, or envoy to a foreign court; a diplomatist.

Dip`lo*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to the rules of diplomacy; in the manner of a diplomatist; artfully.

Dip`lo*mat"ics (?), n. The science of diplomas, or the art of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their age, authenticity, etc.; paleography.

Di*plo"ma*tism (?), n. Diplomacy. [R.]

Di*plo"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. diplomatiste a student of diplomatics.] A person employed in, or skilled in, diplomacy; a diplomat.

> In ability, Avaux had no superior among the numerous able diplomatists whom his country then possessed.

Macaulay.

{ ||Di*plo"pi*a (?), Dip"lo*py (?), } n. [NL. diplopia, from Gr. &?; double + the root of &?; sight: cf. F. diplopie.] (Med.) The act or state of seeing double.

In crossed or heteronymous diplopia the image seen by the right eye is upon the left hand, and that seen by the left eye is upon the right hand. In homonymous diplopia the image seen by the right eye is on the right side, that by the left eye on the left side. In vertical diplopia one image stands above the other.

<! p. 416 !>

Dip"lo*pod (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Diplopoda.

||Di*plop"o*da (?), n. pl. [Gr. &?; double + -poda.] (Zoöl.) An order of myriapods having two pairs of legs on each segment; the Chilognatha.

Dip`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; double + &?; the warp, a thread.] (Bot.) Having twice as many stamens as petals, as the geranium. R. Brown.

Dip`lo*stem"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being diplostemonous.

||Dip*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; = &?; lung.] (Zoöl.) A group of spiders having only two lunglike organs. [Written also Dipneumones.]

||Dip"no*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; &?; with two breathing apertures; di- = di`s- twice + &?; breath.] (Zoöl.) A group of ganoid fishes, including the living genera Ceratodus and Lepidosiren, which present the closest approximation to the Amphibia. The air bladder acts as a lung, and the nostrils open inside the mouth. See Ceratodus, and Illustration in Appendix.

Dip"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Dipodies (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; two-footed; di- = di`s- twice + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Pros.) Two metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure. Hadley.

> Trochaic, iambic, and anapestic verses . . . are measured by dipodies.

W. W. Goodwin.

Di*po"lar (?), a. [Pre. di- + polar. Cf. Bipolar.] Having two poles, as a magnetic bar.

Dip"pel's oil` (?). (Chem.) [From the name of the inventor.] See Bone oil, under Bone.

Dip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dips; especially, a vessel used to dip water or other liquid; a ladle.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small grebe; the dabchick. (b) The buffel duck. (c) The water ouzel (Cinolus aquaticus) of Europe. (d) The American dipper or ouzel (Cinclus Mexicanus).

The Dipper (Astron.), the seven principal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear; popularly so called from their arrangement in the form of a dipper; -- called also Charles's Wain. See Ursa Major, under Ursa.

Dip"ping, n. 1. The act or process of immersing.

2. The act of inclining downward.

3. The act of lifting or moving a liquid with a dipper, ladle, or the like.

4. The process of cleaning or brightening sheet metal or metalware, esp. brass, by dipping it in acids, etc.

5. The practice of taking snuff by rubbing the teeth or gums with a stick or brush dipped in snuff. [U.S.]

Dipping needle, a magnetic needle suspended at its center of gravity, and moving freely in a vertical plane, so as to indicate on a graduated circle the magnetic dip or inclination.

Di`pris*mat"ic (?), a. [Prefix di- + prismatic.] Doubly prismatic.

Di`pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Prefix di- + propargyl.] (Chem.) A pungent, mobile, volatile liquid, C6H6, produced artificially from certain allyl derivatives. Though isomeric with benzine, it is very different in its chemical relations. Called also dipropinyl.

Di*pro"pyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + propyl.] (Chem.) One of the hexane paraffins, found in petroleum, consisting of two propyl radicals. See Hexane.

||Di*pro"to*don (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; first + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, tooth.] (Paleon.) An extinct Quaternary marsupial from Australia, about as large as the hippopotamus; -- so named because of its two large front teeth. See Illustration in Appendix.

Dip"sas (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; thirst.] 1. A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce intense thirst. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of harmless colubrine snakes.

Dip*set"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Tending to produce thirst. Wright.

Dip`so*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thirst + &?; mania.] (Med.) A morbid an uncontrollable craving (often periodic) for drink, esp. for alcoholic liquors; also improperly used to denote acute and chronic alcoholism.

Dip`so*ma"ni*ac (?), n. One who has an irrepressible desire for alcoholic drinks.

Dip`so*ma*ni"a*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to dipsomania.

||Dip*so"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thirst.] (Med.) Excessive thirst produced by disease.

||Dip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; with two wings, di- = di`s- twice + &?; feather, wing: cf. F. diptère.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of insects having only two functional wings and two balancers, as the house fly, mosquito, etc. They have a suctorial proboscis, often including two pairs of sharp organs (mandibles and maxillæ) with which they pierce the skin of animals. They undergo a complete metamorphosis, their larvæ (called maggots) being usually without feet.

Dip"ter*al (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Having two wings only; belonging to the order Diptera.

2. (Anc. Arch.) Having a double row of columns on each on the flanks, as well as in front and rear; -- said of a temple.

Dip"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An insect of the order Diptera.

||Dip`te*ro*car"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; with two wings + &?; fruit.] (Bot.) A genus of trees found in the East Indies, some species of which produce a fragrant resin, other species wood oil. The fruit has two long wings.

Dip"ter*ous (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Having two wings, as certain insects; belonging to the order Diptera.

2. (Bot.) Having two wings; two- winged.

Dip`ter*yg"i*an (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a fin, dim. of &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) Having two dorsal fins; -- said of certain fishes.

Dip"tote (?), n. [Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; falling, fr. &?; to fall: cf. F. diptote.] (Gram.) A noun which has only two cases. Andrews.

Dip"tych (?), n. [L. diptycha, pl., fr. Gr. &?; folded, doubled; di- = di`s- twice + &?; to fold, double up.] 1. Anything consisting of two leaves. Especially: (a) (Roman Antiq.) A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within. (b) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected by hinges. See Triptych.

2. A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church; a catalogue of saints.

Di*pyre" (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice fire.] (Min.) A mineral of the scapolite group; -- so called from the double effect of fire upon it, in fusing it, and rendering it phosphorescent.

Di`py*re"nous (?), a. [Pref. di- + pyrene.] (Bot.) Containing two stones or nutlets.

Di*pyr"i*dine (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + pyridine.] (Geom.) A polymeric form of pyridine, C10H10N2, obtained as a colorless oil by the action of sodium on pyridine.

Di*pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pref. di- + pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous base, C10H8N2, obtained by the reduction of pyridine.

Di*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. di- + radiation.] The emission and diffusion of rays of light.

Dire (dr), a. [Compar. Direr (?); superl. Direst.] [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.] 1. Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens.

2. Evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible; lamentable.

> Dire was the tossing, deep the groans.

Milton.

> Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire.

Milton.

Di*rect" (?), a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See Dress, and cf. Dirge.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means.

> What is direct to, what slides by, the question.

Locke.

2. Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from truth and openness; sincere; outspoken.

> Be even and direct with me.

Shak.

3. Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous.

> He nowhere, that I know, says it in direct words.

Locke.

> A direct and avowed interference with elections.

Hallam.

4. In the line of descent; not collateral; as, a descendant in the direct line.

5. (Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.

Direct action. (Mach.) See Direct- acting. -- Direct discourse (Gram.), the language of any one quoted without change in its form; as, he said "I can not come;" -- correlative to indirect discourse, in which there is change of form; as, he said that he could not come. They are often called respectively by their Latin names, oratio directa, and oratio obliqua. -- Direct evidence (Law), evidence which is positive or not inferential; -- opposed to circumstantial, or indirect, evidence. -- This distinction, however, is merely formal, since there is no direct evidence that is not circumstantial, or dependent on circumstances for its credibility. Wharton. -- Direct examination (Law), the first examination of a witness in the orderly course, upon the merits. Abbott. -- Direct fire (Mil.), fire, the direction of which is perpendicular to the line of troops or to the parapet aimed at. -- Direct process (Metal.), one which yields metal in working condition by a single process from the ore. Knight. -- Direct tax, a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and polls, distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or customs, and from excise.

Di*rect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Directed; p. pr. & vb. n. Directing.] 1. To arrange in a direct or straight line, as against a mark, or towards a goal; to point; to aim; as, to direct an arrow or a piece of ordnance.

2. To point out or show to (any one), as the direct or right course or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way; as, he directed me to the left-hand road.

> The Lord direct your into the love of God.

2 Thess. iii. 5.

> The next points to which I will direct your attention.

Lubbock.

3. To determine the direction or course of; to cause to go on in a particular manner; to order in the way to a certain end; to regulate; to govern; as, to direct the affairs of a nation or the movements of an army.

> I will direct their work in truth.

Is. lxi. 8.

4. To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order; as, he directed them to go.

> I 'll first direct my men what they shall do.

Shak.

5. To put a direction or address upon; to mark with the name and residence of the person to whom anything is sent; to superscribe; as, to direct a letter.

Syn. -- To guide; lead; conduct; dispose; manage; regulate; order; instruct; command.

Di*rect" (?), v. i. To give direction; to point out a course; to act as guide.

> Wisdom is profitable to direct.

Eccl. x. 10.

Di*rect", n. (Mus.) A character, thus [&?;], placed at the end of a staff on the line or space of the first note of the next staff, to apprise the performer of its situation. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Di*rect"-act`ing (?), a. (Mach.) Acting directly, as one part upon another, without the intervention of other working parts.

Direct-acting steam engine, one in which motion is transmitted to the crank without the intervention of a beam or lever; -- also called direct-action steam engine. -- Direct-acting steam pump, one in which the steam piston rod is directly connected with the pump rod; -- also called direct-action steam pump.

Di*rect"er (?), n. One who directs; a director.

Directer plane (Geom.), the plane to which all right-lined elements in a warped surface are parallel.

Di*rec"tion (?), n. [L. directio: cf. F. direction.] 1. The act of directing, of aiming, regulating, guiding, or ordering; guidance; management; superintendence; administration; as, the direction o&?; public affairs or of a bank.

> I do commit his youth
> To your direction.

Shak.

> All nature is but art, unknown to thee;
> ll chance, direction, which thou canst not see.

Pope.

2. That which is imposed by directing; a guiding or authoritative instruction; prescription; order; command; as, he grave directions to the servants.

> The princes digged the well . . . by the direction of the law giver.

Numb. xxi. 18.

3. The name and residence of a person to whom any thing is sent, written upon the thing sent; superscription; address; as, the direction of a letter.

4. The line or course upon which anything is moving or aimed to move, or in which anything is lying or pointing; aim; line or point of tendency; direct line or course; as, the ship sailed in a southeasterly direction.

5. The body of managers of a corporation or enterprise; board of directors.

6. (Gun.) The pointing of a piece with reference to an imaginary vertical axis; -- distinguished from elevation. The direction is given when the plane of sight passes through the object. Wilhelm.

Syn. -- Administration; guidance; management; superintendence; oversight; government; order; command; guide; clew. Direction, Control, Command, Order. These words, as here compared, have reference to the exercise of power over the actions of others. Control is negative, denoting power to restrain; command is positive, implying a right to enforce obedience; directions are commands containing instructions how to act. Order conveys more prominently the idea of authority than the word direction. A shipmaster has the command of his vessel; he gives orders or directions to the seamen as to the mode of sailing it; and exercises a due control over the passengers.

Di*rect"ive (?), a. [LL. directivus: cf. F. directif.] 1. Having power to direct; tending to direct, guide, or govern; showing the way. Hooker.

> The precepts directive of our practice in relation to God.

Barrow.

2. Able to be directed; manageable. [Obs.]

> Swords and bows
> Directive by the limbs.

Shak.

Di*rect"ly, adv. 1. In a direct manner; in a straight line or course. "To run directly on." Shak.

> Indirectly and directly too
> Thou hast contrived against the very life
> Of the defendant.

Shak.

2. In a straightforward way; without anything intervening; not by secondary, but by direct, means.

3. Without circumlocution or ambiguity; absolutely; in express terms.

> No man hath hitherto been so impious as plainly and directly to condemn prayer.

Hooker.

4. Exactly; just.

> Stand you directly in Antonius' way.

Shak.

5. Straightforwardly; honestly.

> I have dealt most directly in thy affair.

Shak.

6. Manifestly; openly. [Obs.]

> Desdemona is directly in love with him.

Shak.

7. Straightway; next in order; without delay; immediately. "Will she go now to bed?' &?;Directly.'" Shak.

8. Immediately after; as soon as.

> Directly he stopped, the coffin was removed.

Dickens.

This use of the word is common in England, especially in colloquial speech, but it can hardly be regarded as a well-sanctioned or desirable use.

Directly proportional (Math.), proportional in the order of the terms; increasing or decreasing together, and with a constant ratio; -- opposed to inversely proportional.

Syn. -- Immediately; forthwith; straightway; instantly; instantaneously; soon; promptly; openly; expressly. -- Directly, Immediately, Instantly, Instantaneously. Directly denotes, without any delay or diversion of attention; immediately implies, without any interposition of other occupation; instantly implies, without any intervention of time. Hence, "I will do it directly," means, "I will go straightway about it." "I will do it immediately," means, "I will do it as the very next thing." "I will do it instantly," allows not a particle of delay. Instantaneously, like instantly, marks an interval too small to be appreciable, but commonly relates to physical causes; as, the powder touched by fire instantaneously exploded.

<! p. 417 !>

Di*rect"ness (?), n. The quality of being direct; straightness; straightforwardness; immediateness.

Di*rect"or (?), n. [Cf. F. directeur.] 1. One who, or that which, directs; one who regulates, guides, or orders; a manager or superintendent.

> In all affairs thou sole director.

Swift.

2. One of a body of persons appointed to manage the affairs of a company or corporation; as, the directors of a bank, insurance company, or railroad company.

> What made directors cheat in South-Sea year?

Pope.

3. (Mech.) A part of a machine or instrument which directs its motion or action.

4. (Surg.) A slender grooved instrument upon which a knife is made to slide when it is wished to limit the extent of motion of the latter, or prevent its injuring the parts beneath.

Di*rect"o*rate (?), n. [Cf. F. directorat.] The office of director; also, a body of directors taken jointly.

Di*rec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. directorial.] 1. Having the quality of a director, or authoritative guide; directive.

2. Pertaining to: director or directory; specifically, relating to the Directory of France under the first republic. See Directory, 3.

> Whoever goes to the directorial presence under this passport.

Burke.

Di*rect"or*ship (?), n. The condition or office of a director; directorate.

Di*rect"o*ry (?), a. [L. directorius.] Containing directions; enjoining; instructing; directorial.

Di*rect"o*ry, n.; pl. Directories (&?;). 1. A collection or body of directions, rules, or ordinances; esp., a book of directions for the conduct of worship; as, the Directory used by the nonconformists instead of the Prayer Book.

2. A book containing the names and residences of the inhabitants of any place, or of classes of them; an address book; as, a business directory.

3. [Cf. F. directoire.] A body of directors; board of management; especially, a committee which held executive power in France under the first republic.

4. Direction; guide. [R.] Whitlock.

Di*rect"ress, n. A woman who directs. Bp. Hurd.

Di*rect"rix (?), n.; pl. E. Directrixes (&?;), L. Directrices (&?;). 1. A directress. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

2. (Geom.) (a) A line along which a point in another line moves, or which in any way governs the motion of the point and determines the position of the curve generated by it; the line along which the generatrix moves in generating a surface. (b) A straight line so situated with respect to a conic section that the distance of any point of the curve from it has a constant ratio to the distance of the same point from the focus.

Dire"ful (?), a. [Dire + - ful.] Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; woeful; as, a direful fiend; a direful day. -- Dire"ful*ly, adv. -- Dire"ful*ness, n.

Dire"ly, adv. In a dire manner. Drayton.

Di*rempt" (?; 215), a. [L. diremptus, p. p. of dirimere to take apart, separate; di- = dis- + emere to buy, orig., to take.] Divided; separated. [Obs.] Stow.

Di*rempt", v. t. To separate by force; to tear apart. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Di*remp"tion (?), n. [L. diremptio.] A tearing apart; violent separation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dire"ness (?), n. [Dire- + - ness.] Terribleness; horror; woefulness. Shak.

Di*rep"tion (?), n. [L. direptio, fr. diripere to tear asunder, plunder; di- = dis- + rapere to seize and carry off.] The act of plundering, despoiling, or snatching away. [R.] Speed.

Di*rep*ti"tious (?), a. Characterized by direption. [R.] Encyc. Dict.

Di*rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. With plundering violence; by violent injustice. [R.] Strype.

Dirge (?), n. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in conspectu tuo vitam meam." See Direct, a., and cf. Dirige.] A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn.

> The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls
> Sung dirges at her funeral.

Ford.

Dirge"ful (?), a. Funereal; moaning.

> Soothed sadly by the dirgeful wind.

Coleridge.

Dir"i*ge (?), n. [L. See Dirge.] A service for the dead, in the Roman Catholic Church, being the first antiphon of Matins for the dead, of which Dirige is the first word; a dirge.

> Evensongs and placebo and dirige.

Wyclif.

> Resort, I pray you, unto my sepulture
> To sing my dirige with great devotion.

Lamentation of Mary Magdalene.

Dir"i*gent (?), a. [L. dirigens, p. pr. of dirigere. See Direct, a.] Directing. Baxter.

Dir"i*gent, n. (Geom.) The line of motion along which a describent line or surface is carried in the genesis of any plane or solid figure; a directrix. Hutton.

Dir"i*gi*ble (?), a. Capable of being directed; steerable; as, a dirigible balloon.

Dir"i*ment (?), a. [L. dirimens, p. pr. of dirimere. See Dirempt.] (Law) Absolute.

Diriment impediment (R. C. Ch.), an impediment that nullifies marriage.

Dirk (?), n. [Ir. duirc.] A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the Scottish Highlander.

Dirk knife, a clasp knife having a large, dirklike blade.

Dirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dirked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dirking.] To stab with a dirk. Sir W. Scott.

Dirk, a. [See Dark, a.] Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dirk, v. t. To darken. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dirk"ness, n. Darkness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dirl (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Drill, Thrill.] To thrill; to vibrate; to penetrate. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dirt (?), n. [OE. drit; kin to Icel. drit excrement, drta to dung, OD. drijten to dung, AS. gedrtan.] 1. Any foul of filthy substance, as excrement, mud, dust, etc.; whatever, adhering to anything, renders it foul or unclean; earth; as, a wagonload of dirt.

> Whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

Is. lvii. 20.

2. Meanness; sordidness.

> Honors . . . thrown away upon dirt and infamy.

Melmoth.

3. In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.

Dirt bed (Geom.), a layer of clayey earth forming a stratum in a geological formation. Dirt beds are common among the coal measures. -- Dirt eating. (a) The use of certain kinds of clay for food, existing among some tribes of Indians; geophagism. Humboldt. (b) (Med.) Same as Chthonophagia. -- Dirt pie, clay or mud molded by children in imitation of pastry. Otway (1684). -- To eat dirt, to submit in a meanly humble manner to insults; to eat humble pie.

Dirt, v. t. To make foul of filthy; to dirty. Swift.

Dirt"i*ly (?), adv. In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; filthily; meanly; sordidly.

Dirt"i*ness, n. The state of being dirty; filthiness; foulness; nastiness; baseness; sordidness.

Dirt"y (?), a. [Compar. Dirtier (?); superl. Dirtiest.] 1. Defiled with dirt; foul; nasty; filthy; not clean or pure; serving to defile; as, dirty hands; dirty water; a dirty white. Spenser.

2. Sullied; clouded; -- applied to color. Locke.

3. Sordid; base; groveling; as, a dirty fellow.

> The creature's at his dirty work again.

Pope.

4. Sleety; gusty; stormy; as, dirty weather.

> Storms of wind, clouds of dust, an angry, dirty sea.

M. Arnold.

Syn. -- Nasty; filthy; foul. See Nasty.

Dirt"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dirtied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dirtying.] 1. To foul; to make filthy; to soil; as, to dirty the clothes or hands.

2. To tarnish; to sully; to scandalize; -- said of reputation, character, etc.

Di*rup"tion (?), n. [L. diruptio, fr. dirumpere. See Disrupt, a.] Disruption.

Dis- (?; 258). 1. A prefix from the Latin, whence F. dés, or sometimes dé-, dis-. The Latin dis-appears as di-before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, v, becomes dif-before f, and either dis-or di- before j. It is from the same root as bis twice, and duo, E. two. See Two, and cf. Bi-, Di-, Dia-. Dis- denotes separation, a parting from, as in distribute, disconnect; hence it often has the force of a privative and negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. Also intensive, as in dissever.

Walker's rule of pronouncing this prefix is, that the s ought always to be pronounced like z, when the next syllable is accented and begins with "a flat mute [b, d, v, g, z], a liquid [l, m, n, r], or a vowel; as, disable, disease, disorder, disuse, disband, disdain, disgrace, disvalue, disjoin, dislike, dislodge, dismay, dismember, dismiss, dismount, disnatured, disrank, disrelish, disrobe." Dr. Webster's example in disapproving of Walker's rule and pronouncing dis-as diz in only one (disease) of the above words, is followed by recent orthoëpists. See Disable, Disgrace, and the other words, beginning with dis-, in this Dictionary.

2. A prefix from Gr. di`s- twice. See Di-.

||Dis (?), n. [L.] The god Pluto. Shak.

Dis`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Disabilities (&?;). 1. State of being disabled; deprivation or want of ability; absence of competent physical, intellectual, or moral power, means, fitness, and the like.

> Grossest faults, or disabilities to perform what was covenanted.

Milton.

> Chatham refused to see him, pleading his disability.

Bancroft.

2. Want of legal qualification to do a thing; legal incapacity or incompetency.

> The disabilities of idiocy, infancy, and coverture.

Abbott.

Syn. -- Weakness; inability; incompetence; impotence; incapacity; incompetency; disqualification. -- Disability, Inability. Inability is an inherent want of power to perform the thing in question; disability arises from some deprivation or loss of the needed competency. One who becomes deranged is under a disability of holding his estate; and one who is made a judge, of deciding in his own case. A man may decline an office on account of his inability to discharge its duties; he may refuse to accept a trust or employment on account of some disability prevents him from entering into such engagements.

Dis*a"ble (?), a. Lacking ability; unable. [Obs.] "Our disable and unactive force." Daniel.

Dis*a"ble (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disabling (?).] 1. To render unable or incapable; to destroy the force, vigor, or power of action of; to deprive of competent physical or intellectual power; to incapacitate; to disqualify; to make incompetent or unfit for service; to impair.

> A Christian's life is a perpetual exercise, a wrestling and warfare, for which sensual pleasure disables him.

Jer. Taylor.

> And had performed it, if my known offense
> Had not disabled me.

Milton.

> I have disabled mine estate.

Shak.

2. (Law) To deprive of legal right or qualification; to render legally incapable.

> An attainder of the ancestor corrupts the blood, and disables his children to inherit.

Blackstone.

3. To deprive of that which gives value or estimation; to declare lacking in competency; to disparage; to undervalue. [Obs.] "He disabled my judgment." Shak.

Syn. -- To weaken; unfit; disqualify; incapacitate.

Dis*a"ble*ment (?), n. Deprivation of ability; incapacity. Bacon.

Dis`a*buse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disabused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disabusing.] [Pref. dis- + abuse; cf. F. désabuser.] To set free from mistakes; to undeceive; to disengage from fallacy or deception; to set right.

> To undeceive and disabuse the people.

South.

> If men are now sufficiently enlightened to disabuse themselves or artifice, hypocrisy, and superstition, they will consider this event as an era in their history.

J. Adams.

Dis`ac*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + accommodate.] To put to inconvenience; to incommode. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Dis`ac*com`mo*da"tion (?), n. A state of being unaccommodated or unsuited. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Dis`ac*cord" (?), v. i. [Cf. F. désaccorder to cause discord.] To refuse to assent. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`ac*cord", n. Disagreement. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

Dis`ac*cord"ant (?), a. Not accordant. Fabyan.

Dis`ac*cus"tom (?), v. t. [Cf. F. désaccoutumer.] To destroy the force of habit in; to wean from a custom. Johnson.

Dis`a*cid"i*fy (?), v. t. To free from acid.

Dis`ac*knowl"edge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disacknowledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disacknowledging.] To refuse to acknowledge; to deny; to disown. [Obs.] South.

Dis`ac*quaint" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + acquaint: cf. OF. desacointier.] To render unacquainted; to make unfamiliar. [Obs.]

> While my sick heart
> With dismal smart
> Is disacquainted never.

Herrick.

Dis`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Neglect of disuse of familiarity, or familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] South.

Dis*ac"ryl (?), n. [Pref. dis- (Gr. di`s- twice) + acrolein + -yl.] (Chem.) A white amorphous substance obtained as a polymeric modification of acrolein.

Dis`a*dorn" (?), v. t. To deprive of ornaments. Congreve.

Dis`ad*vance" (?; 61), v. t. & i. [Pref. dis- + advance: cf. OF. desavancier.] To draw back, or cause to draw back. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`ad*van"tage (?; 48, 61), n. [Cf. F. désavantage.] 1. Deprivation of advantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality, condition, circumstance, or the like; that which hinders success, or causes loss or injury.

> I was brought here under the disadvantage of being unknown by sight to any of you.

Burke.

> Abandoned by their great patron, the faction henceforward acted at disadvantage.

Palfrey.

2. Loss; detriment; hindrance; prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit, or other good.

> They would throw a construction on his conduct, to his disadvantage before the public.

Bancroft.

Syn. -- Detriment; injury; hurt; loss; damage.

Dis`ad*van"tage, v. t. [Cf. F. désavantager.] To injure the interest of; to be detrimental to.

Dis`ad*van"tage*a*ble (?), a. Injurious; disadvantageous. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*ad`van*ta"geous (?), a. [Cf. F. désavantageux.] Attended with disadvantage; unfavorable to success or prosperity; inconvenient; prejudicial; -- opposed to advantageous; as, the situation of an army is disadvantageous for attack or defense.

> Even in the disadvantageous position in which he had been placed, he gave clear indications of future excellence.

Prescott.

-- Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv. -- Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.

Dis`ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. dis- + adventure: cf. OF. desaventure.] Misfortune; mishap. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Dis`ad*ven"tur*ous (?), a. Unprosperous; unfortunate. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`ad*vise" (?), v. t. To advise against; to dissuade from. [R.] Boyle.

Dis`af*fect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disaffected; p. pr. & vb. n. Disaffecting.] 1. To alienate or diminish the affection of; to make unfriendly or less friendly; to fill with discontent and unfriendliness.

> They had attempted to disaffect and discontent his majesty's late army.

Clarendon.

2. To disturb the functions of; to disorder.

> It disaffects the bowels.

Hammond.

3. To lack affection for; to be alienated from, or indisposed toward; to dislike. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dis`af*fect"ed, a. Alienated in feeling; not wholly loyal. J. H. Newman. -- Dis`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. -- Dis`af*fect"ed*ness, n.

Dis`af*fec"tion (?), n. 1. State of being disaffected; alienation or want of affection or good will, esp. toward those in authority; unfriendliness; dislike.

> In the making laws, princes must have regard to . . . the affections and disaffections of the people.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Disorder; bad constitution. [R.] Wiseman.

Syn. -- Dislike; disgust; discontent; unfriendliness; alienation; disloyalty; hostility.

Dis`af*fec"tion*ate (?), a. Not disposed to affection; unfriendly; disaffected. [R.] Blount.

Dis`af*firm" (?), v. t. 1. To assert the contrary of; to contradict; to deny; -- said of that which has been asserted.

2. (Law) To refuse to confirm; to annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judgment of a superior tribunal.

Dis`af*firm"ance (?), n. 1. The act of disaffirming; denial; negation.

2. (Law) Overthrow or annulment by the decision of a superior tribunal; as, disaffirmance of judgment.

Dis*af`fir*ma"tion (?), n. The act of disaffirming; negation; refutation.

Dis`af*for"est (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disafforested; p. pr. & vb. n. Disafforesting.] [Pref. dis- + afforest: cf. OF. desaforester.] (Eng. Law) To reduce from the privileges of a forest to the state of common ground; to exempt from forest laws.

> By charter 9 Henry III. many forests were disafforested.

Blackstone.

<! p. 418 !>

Dis*ag"gre*gate (?), v. t. To destroy the aggregation of; to separate into component parts, as an aggregate mass.

Dis*ag`gre*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. désagrégation.] The separation of an aggregate body into its component parts.

Dis`a*gree" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disagreed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disageeing.] [Pref. dis- + agree: cf. F. désagréer to displease.] 1. To fail to accord; not to agree; to lack harmony; to differ; to be unlike; to be at variance.

> They reject the plainest sense of Scripture, because it seems to disagree with what they call reason.

Atterbury.

2. To differ in opinion; to hold discordant views; to be at controversy; to quarrel.

> Who shall decide, when doctors disagree?

Pope.

3. To be unsuited; to have unfitness; as, medicine sometimes disagrees with the patient; food often disagrees with the stomach or the taste.

Usually followed by with, sometimes by to, rarely by from; as, I disagree to your proposal.

Syn. -- To differ; vary; dissent.

Dis`a*gree"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. désagréable.] 1. Not agreeable, conformable, or congruous; contrary; unsuitable.

> Preach you truly the doctrine which you have received, and each nothing that is disagreeable thereunto.

Udall.

2. Exciting repugnance; offensive to the feelings or senses; displeasing; unpleasant.

> That which is disagreeable to one is many times agreeable to another, or disagreeable in a less degree.

Wollaston.

Dis`a*gree"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being; disagreeable; unpleasantness.

Dis`a*gree"a*bly, adv. In a disagreeable manner; unsuitably; offensively.

Dis`a*gree"ance (?), n. Disagreement. [Obs.]

Dis`a*gree"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. désagrément disagreeable circumstance, disagreeableness.] 1. The state of disagreeing; a being at variance; dissimilitude; diversity.

2. Unsuitableness; unadaptedness. [R.]

3. Difference of opinion or sentiment.

4. A falling out, or controversy; difference.

Syn. -- Difference; diversity; dissimilitude; unlikeness; discrepancy; variance; dissent; misunderstanding; dissension; division; dispute; jar; wrangle; discord.

Dis`a*gre"er (?), n. One who disagrees. Hammond.

Dis`al*liege" (?), v. t. To alienate from allegiance. [Obs. & R.] Milton.

Dis`al*low" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disallowing.] [Pref. dis- + allow: cf. OF. desalouer, desloer, to blame, dissuade.] To refuse to allow; to deny the force or validity of; to disown and reject; as, the judge disallowed the executor's charge.

> To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God.

1 Pet. ii. 4.

> That the edicts of Cæsar we may at all times disallow, but the statutes of God for no reason we may reject.

Milton.

This verb was sometimes followed by of; as, "What follows, if we disallow of this?" Shak. See Allow.

Syn. -- To disapprove; prohibit; censure; reject.

Dis`al*low"a*ble (?), a. Not allowable; not to be suffered. Raleigh. -- Dis`al*low"a*ble*ness, n.

Dis`al*low"ance (?), n. The act of disallowing; refusal to admit or permit; rejection.

Syn. -- Disapprobation; prohibition; condemnation; censure; rejection.

Dis`al*ly" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + ally: cf. F. désaltier.] To part, as an alliance; to sunder. [R.] "Disallied their nuptials." Milton.

Dis*an"chor (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. dis- + anchor: cf. F. désancrer.] To raise the anchor of, as a ship; to weigh anchor. [Obs.] Heywood.

Dis`an*gel"ic*al (?), a. Not angelical. [R.] "Disangelical nature." Coventry.

Dis*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disanimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disanimating (?).] 1. To deprive of life. [R.] Cudworth.

2. To deprive of spirit; to dishearten. Shak.

Dis*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. 1. Privation of life. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The state of being disanimated or discouraged; depression of spirits.

Dis`an*nex" (?), v. t. To disunite; to undo or repeal the annexation of. State Trials (1608).

Dis`an*nul" (?), v. t. To annul completely; to render void or of no effect.

> For the Lord of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it?

Isaiah xiv. 27.

The prefix in this word an its derivatives is intensive, and not negative.

Dis`an*nul"ler (?), n. One who disannuls.

Dis`an*nul"ment (?), n. Complete annulment.

Dis`a*noint" (?), v. t. To invalidate the consecration of; as, to disanoint a king. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis`ap*par"el (?), v. t. [See Apparel, v. t.] [Pref. dis- + apparel: cf. OF. desapareiller.] To disrobe; to strip of apparel; to make naked.

> Drink disapparels the soul.

Junius (1635).

Dis`ap*pear" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disappeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disappearing.] 1. To cease to appear or to be perceived; to pass from view, gradually or suddenly; to vanish; to be no longer seen; as, darkness disappears at the approach of light; a ship disappears as she sails from port.

2. To cease to be or exist; as, the epidemic has disappeared.

Dis`ap*pear"ance (?), n. The act of disappearing; cessation of appearance; removal from sight; vanishing. Addison.

Dis`ap*pend"en*cy (?), n. A detachment or separation from a former connection. [R.]

Dis`ap*pend"ent (?), a. Freed from a former connection or dependence; disconnected. [R.]

Dis`ap*point" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disapointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Disappointing.] [OF. desapointier, F. désappointer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + apointier, F. appointier, to appoint. See Appoint.] 1. To defeat of expectation or hope; to hinder from the attainment of that which was expected, hoped, or desired; to balk; as, a man is disappointed of his hopes or expectations, or his hopes, desires, intentions, expectations, or plans are disappointed; a bad season disappoints the farmer of his crops; a defeat disappoints an enemy of his spoil.

> I was disappointed, but very agreeably.

Macaulay.

Disappointed of a thing not obtained; disappointed in a thing obtained.

2. To frustrate; to fail; to hinder of result.

> His retiring foe
> Shrinks from the wound, and disappoints the blow.

Addison.

Syn. -- To tantalize; fail; frustrate; balk; baffle; delude; foil; defeat. See Tantalize.

Dis`ap*point"ed, a. 1. Defeated of expectation or hope; balked; as, a disappointed person or hope.

2. Unprepared; unequipped. [Obs.]

> Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,
> Unhouseled, disappointed, unaneled.

Shak.

Dis`ap*point"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. désappointement.] 1. The act of disappointing, or the state of being disappointed; defeat or failure of expectation or hope; miscarriage of design or plan; frustration.

> If we hope for things of which we have not thoroughly considered the value, our disappointment will be greater than our pleasure in the fruition of them.

Addison.

> In disappointment thou canst bless.

Keble.

2. That which disappoints.

Syn. -- Miscarriage; frustration; balk.

Dis`ap*pre"ci*ate (?), v. t. [See Appreciate.] To undervalue; not to esteem. -- Dis`ap*pre`ci*a"tion (#), n.

Dis*ap`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [Pref. dis- + approbation: cf. F. désapprobation. Cf. Disapprove.] The act of disapproving; mental condemnation of what is judged wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; feeling of censure.

> We have ever expressed the most unqualified disapprobation of all the steps.

Burke.

Dis*ap"pro*ba`to*ry (?), a. Containing disapprobation; serving to disapprove.

Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. (Law) Severed from the appropriation or possession of a spiritual corporation.

> The appropriation may be severed, and the church become disappropriate, two ways.

Blackstone.

Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. 1. To release from individual ownership or possession. Milton.

2. (Law) To sever from appropriation or possession a spiritual corporation.

> Appropriations of the several parsonages . . . would heave been, by the rules of the common law, disappropriated.

Blackstone.

Dis`ap*pro`pri*a"tion (?), n. The act of disappropriating.

Dis`ap*prov"al (?), n. Disapprobation; dislike; censure; adverse judgment.

Dis`ap*prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disapproved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disapproving.] [Pref. dis- + approve: cf. F. déapprouver. Cf. Disapprobation.] 1. To pass unfavorable judgment upon; to condemn by an act of the judgment; to regard as wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; to censure; as, to disapprove the conduct of others.

2. To refuse official approbation to; to disallow; to decline to sanction; as, the sentence of the court- martial was disapproved by the commander in chief.

This verb is often followed by of; as, to disapprove of an opinion, of such conduct. See Approve.

Dis`ap*prov"er (?), n. One who disapproves.

Dis`ap*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a disapproving manner.

Dis"ard (?), n. See Dizzard. [Obs.] Burton.

Dis*arm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarming (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disarming.] [OE. desarmen, F. désarmer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + armer to arm. See Arm.] 1. To deprive of arms; to take away the weapons of; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; to render defenseless.

> Security disarms the best-appointed army.

Fuller.

> The proud was half disarmed of pride.

Tennyson.

2. To deprive of the means or the disposition to harm; to render harmless or innocuous; as, to disarm a man's wrath.

Dis*arm"a*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. désarmement.] The act of disarming.

Dis*ar"ma*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. dis- + armature.] The act of divesting of armature. [R.]

Dis*armed" (?), a. 1. Deprived of arms.

2. (Her.) Deprived of claws, and teeth or beaks. Cussans.

Dis*arm"er (?), n. One who disarms.

Dis`ar*range" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disarranging.] [Pref. dis- + arrange: cf. F. désarranger.] To unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of; to throw out of order.

Dis`ar*range"ment (?), n. The act of disarranging, or the state of being disarranged; confusion; disorder. Cowper.

Dis`ar*ray" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disarrayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disarraying.] [Pref. dis- + array, v.: cf. OF. desarroyer, desarreier.] 1. To throw into disorder; to break the array of.

> Who with fiery steeds
> Oft disarrayed the foes in battle ranged.

Fenton.

2. To take off the dress of; to unrobe.

> So, as she bade, the witch they disarrayed.

Spenser.

Dis`ar*ray" (?), n. [Cf. F. désarroi.] 1. Want of array or regular order; disorder; confusion.

> Disrank the troops, set all in disarray.

Daniel.

2. Confused attire; undress. Spenser.

Dis`ar*ray"ment (?), n. Disorder. [R.] Feltham.

Dis`ar*tic"u*late (?), v. t. To sunder; to separate, as joints. -- Dis`ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n.

Dis`ar*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. One who disarticulates and prepares skeletons.

Dis`as*sent" (?), v. i. To dissent. [Obs.]

Dis`as*sent", n. Dissent. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Dis`as*sent"er (?), n. One who disassents; a dissenter. [Obs.] State Trials (1634).

Dis*as`si*du"i*ty (?), n. Want of assiduity or care. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Dis`as*sim"i*late (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To subject to disassimilation.

Dis`as*sim`i*la"tion (?), n. (Physics) The decomposition of complex substances, within the organism, into simpler ones suitable only for excretion, with evolution of energy, -- a normal nutritional process the reverse of assimilation; downward metabolism.

> The breaking down of already existing chemical compounds into simpler ones, sometimes called disassimilation.

Martin.

Dis`as*sim"i*la*tive (?), a. (Physiol.) Having power to disassimilate; of the nature of disassimilation.

> Disassimilative processes constitute a marked feature in the life of animal cells.

McKendrick.

Dis`as*so"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disassociated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disassociating (?).] To disconnect from things associated; to disunite; to dissociate. Florio.

Dis*as"ter (?), n. [F. désastre; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + astre star, fr. L. astrum; a word of astrological origin. See Aster, Astral, Star.] 1. An unpropitious or baleful aspect of a planet or star; malevolent influence of a heavenly body; hence, an ill portent. [Obs.]

> Disasters in the sun.

Shak.

2. An adverse or unfortunate event, esp. a sudden and extraordinary misfortune; a calamity; a serious mishap.

> But noble souls, through dust and heat,
> Rise from disaster and defeat
> The stronger.

Longfellow.

Syn. -- Calamity; misfortune; mishap; mischance; visitation; misadventure; ill luck. See Calamity.

Dis*as"ter, v. t. 1. To blast by the influence of a baleful star. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To bring harm upon; to injure. [R.] Thomson.

Dis*as"ter*ly, adv. Disastrously. [Obs.] Drayton.

Dis*as"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. désastreux. See Disaster.] 1. Full of unpropitious stellar influences; unpropitious; ill- boding. [Obs.]

> The moon
> In dim eclipse, disastrous twilight sheds.

Milton.

2. Attended with suffering or disaster; very unfortunate; calamitous; ill-fated; as, a disastrous day; a disastrous termination of an undertaking.

> Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances.

Shak.

-- Dis*as"trous*ly, adv. -- Dis*as"trous*ness, n.

Dis`at*tire" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + attire: cf. OF. desatirier.] To unrobe; to undress. Spenser.

Dis`aug*ment" (?), v. t. To diminish. [R.]

Dis*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of credit or authority; to discredit. [R.] W. Wotton.

Dis`a*vaunce" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disadvance.] To retard; to repel; to do damage to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis`a*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [See Disadventure, Adventure.] Misfortune. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`a*ven"tur*ous (?), a. Misadventurous; unfortunate. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`a*vouch" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + avouch. Cf. Disavow.] To disavow. [R.] Daniel.

Dis`a*vow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disavowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disavowing.] [F. désavouer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + avouer to avow. See Avow, and cf. Disavouch.] 1. To refuse strongly and solemnly to own or acknowledge; to deny responsibility for, approbation of, and the like; to disclaim; to disown; as, he was charged with embezzlement, but he disavows the crime.

> A solemn promise made and disavowed.

Dryden.

2. To deny; to show the contrary of; to disprove.

> Yet can they never
> Toss into air the freedom of my birth,
> Or disavow my blood Plantagenet's.

Ford.

Dis`a*vow"al (?), n. The act of disavowing, disclaiming, or disowning; rejection and denial.

> An earnest disavowal of fear often proceeds from fear.

Richardson.

Dis`a*vow"ance (?), n. Disavowal. [Obs.] South.

Dis`a*vow"er (?), n. One who disavows.

Dis`a*vow"ment (?), n. Disavowal. [R.] Wotton.

Dis*band" (?; see Dis-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Disbanding.] [Pref. dis- + band: cf. OF. desbander, F. débander, to unbind, unbend. See Band, and cf. Disbend, Disbind.] 1. To loose the bands of; to set free; to disunite; to scatter; to disperse; to break up the organization of; especially, to dismiss from military service; as, to disband an army.

> They disbanded themselves and returned, every man to his own dwelling.

Knolles.

2. To divorce. [Obs.]

> And therefore . . . she ought to be disbanded.

Milton.

Dis*band", v. i. To become separated, broken up, dissolved, or scattered; especially, to quit military service by breaking up organization.

<! p. 419 !>

> When both rocks and all things shall disband.

Herbert.

> Human society would in a short space disband.

Tillotson.

Dis*band"ment (?), n. The act of disbanding.

Dis*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbarring.] (Law) To expel from the bar, or the legal profession; to deprive (an attorney, barrister, or counselor) of his status and privileges as such. Abbott.

Dis*bark" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + bark a small ship: cf. OF. desbarquer, F. débarquer. Cf. Debark, Disembark.] To disembark. Pope.

Dis*bark", v. t. [Pref. dis- + bark rind.] To strip of bark; to bark. [R.] Boyle.

Dis*bar"ment (?), n. Act of disbarring.

Dis*base" (?), v. t. [Cf. Debase.] To debase or degrade. [Obs.]

> Nor you nor your house were so much as spoken of before I disbased myself.

B. Jonson.

Dis`be*come" (?), v. t. To misbecome. [Obs.] Massinger.

Dis*be*lief" (?), n. The act of disbelieving;; a state of the mind in which one is fully persuaded that an opinion, assertion, or doctrine is not true; refusal of assent, credit, or credence; denial of belief.

> Our belief or disbelief of a thing does not alter the nature of the thing.

Tillotson.

> No sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness that disbelief in great men.

Carlyle.

Syn. -- Distrust; unbelief; incredulity; doubt; skepticism. -- Disbelief, Unbelief. Unbelief is a mere failure to admit; disbelief is a positive rejection. One may be an unbeliever in Christianity from ignorance or want of inquiry; a unbeliever has the proofs before him, and incurs the guilt of setting them aside. Unbelief is usually open to conviction; disbelief is already convinced as to the falsity of that which it rejects. Men often tell a story in such a manner that we regard everything they say with unbelief. Familiarity with the worst parts of human nature often leads us into a disbelief in many good qualities which really exist among men.

Dis`be*lieve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbelieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbelieving.] Not to believe; to refuse belief or credence to; to hold not to be true or actual.

> Assertions for which there is abundant positive evidence are often disbelieved, on account of what is called their improbability or impossibility.

J. S. Mill.

Dis`be*liev"er (?), n. One who disbelieves, or refuses belief; an unbeliever. Specifically, one who does not believe the Christian religion. I. Watts.

Dis*bench" (?), v. t. 1. To drive from a bench or seat. [R.] Shak.

2. (Eng. Law) To deprive (a bencher) of his privileges. Mozley & W.

Dis*bend (?), v. t. To unbend. [Obs.] Stirling.

Dis*bind" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disband.] To unbind; to loosen. [Obs.] Mede.

Dis*blame" (?), v. t. [OE. desblamen, OF. desblasmer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + blasmer, F. blâmer, to blame.] To clear from blame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*bod"ied (?), a. Disembodied. [R.]

Dis`bos*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. dis- + F. bosquet grove.] Converting forest land into cleared or arable land; removal of a forest. Sir W. Scott.

Dis*bow"el (?), v. t. [See Bowel, v. t.] To disembowel. [R.] Spenser.

Dis*branch" (?), v. t. [See Branch, v.] To divest of a branch or branches; to tear off. Shak.

Dis*bud" (?), v. t. [See Bud, v.] (Hort.) To deprive of buds or shoots, as for training, or economizing the vital strength of a tree.

Dis*bur"den (?), v. t. [See Burden, v. t.] [Cf. Disburthen.] To rid of a burden; to free from a load borne or from something oppressive; to unload; to disencumber; to relieve.

> He did it to disburden a conscience.

Feltham.

> My mediations . . . will, I hope, be more calm, being thus disburdened.

Hammond.

Syn. -- To unload; unburden; discharge; free.

Dis*bur"den, v. i. To relieve one's self of a burden; to ease the mind. Milton.

Dis*bur"geon (?), v. t. To strip of burgeons or buds; to disbud. [R.] Holland.

Dis*burse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disbursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disbursing.] [OF. desbourser, F. débourser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + bourse purse. See Burse, and cf. Dispurse.] To pay out; to expend; -- usually from a public fund or treasury.

> The duty of collecting and disbursing his revenues.

Macaulay.

Disbursing officer, an officer in any department of the public service who is charged with the duty of paying out public money.

Dis*burse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. déboursement.] 1. The act of disbursing or paying out.

> The disbursement of the public moneys.

U. S. Statutes.

2. That which is disbursed or paid out; as, the annual disbursements exceed the income.

Dis*burs"er (?), n. One who disburses money.

Dis*bur"then (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disburthened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disburthening.] [Cf. Disburden.] To disburden; to relieve of a load. [Archaic]

Disc (?), n. [See Disk, Dish.] A flat round plate; (Biol.) A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disc, a germinal disc, etc. Same as Disk.

Dis*cage" (?), v. t. To uncage. [R.] Tennyson.

Disc"al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a disk; as, discal cells.

Dis*cal"ce*ate (?), v. t. [L. discalceatus unshod; dis- + calceus shoe.] To pull off shoes or sandals from. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Dis*cal"ce*at`ed (?), a. Deprived off shoes or sandals; unshod; discalced.

Dis*cal`ce*a"tion (?), n. The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*calced" (?), a. Unshod; barefooted; -- in distinction from calced. "The foundation of houses of discalced friars." Cardinal Manning's St. Teresa.

Dis*camp" (?), v. t. [See Decamp.] To drive from a camp. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*can"dy (?), v. i. To melt; to dissolve; to thaw. [Obs.]

Dis"cant (?), n. See Descant, n.

Dis*ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. To deprive of capacity; to incapacitate. [R.]

Dis*card" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Discarding.] 1. (Card Playing) To throw out of one's hand, as superfluous cards; to lay aside (a card or cards).

2. To cast off as useless or as no longer of service; to dismiss from employment, confidence, or favor; to discharge; to turn away.

> They blame the favorites, and think it nothing extraordinary that the queen should . . . resolve to discard them.

Swift.

3. To put or thrust away; to reject.

> A man discards the follies of boyhood.

I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To dismiss; displace; discharge; cashier.

Dis*card", v. i. (Card Playing) To make a discard.

Dis*card", n. (Card Playing) The act of discarding; also, the card or cards discarded.

Dis*car"dure (?; 135), n. Rejection; dismissal. [R.] Hayter.

Dis*car"nate (?), a. [L. dis- + carnatus fleshy, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.] Stripped of flesh. [Obs.] "Discarnate bones." Glanvill.

Dis*case" (?), v. t. To strip; to undress. Shak.

Dis*cede" (?), v. i. [L. discedere; dis- + cedere to yield.] To yield or give up; to depart. [Obs.]

> I dare not discede from my copy a tittle.

Fuller.

Dis*cept" (?), v. i. [L. disceptare.] To debate; to discuss. [R.]

> One dissertates, he is candid;
> Two must discept, -- has distinguished.

R. Browning.

Dis`cep*ta"tion (?), n. [L. disceptatio.] Controversy; disputation; discussion. [Archaic]

> Verbose janglings and endless disceptations.

Strype.

Dis`cep*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. [R.] Cowley.

Dis*cern" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discerned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discerning.] [F. discerner, L. discernere, discretum; dis- + cernere to separate, distinguish. See Certain, and cf. Discreet.] 1. To see and identify by noting a difference or differences; to note the distinctive character of; to discriminate; to distinguish.

> To discern such buds as are fit to produce blossoms.

Boyle.

> A counterfeit stone which thine eye can not discern from a right stone.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To see by the eye or by the understanding; to perceive and recognize; as, to discern a difference.

> And [I] beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding.

Prov. vii. 7.

> Our unassisted sight . . . is not acute enough to discern the minute texture of visible objects.

Beattie.

> I wake, and I discern the truth.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To perceive; distinguish; discover; penetrate; discriminate; espy; descry; detect. See Perceive.

Dis*cern", v. i. 1. To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; as, to discern between good and evil, truth and falsehood.

> More than sixscore thousand that cannot discern between their right hand their left.

Jonah iv. 11.

2. To make cognizance. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*cern"ance (?), n. Discernment. [Obs.]

Dis*cern"er (?), n. One who, or that which, discerns, distinguishes, perceives, or judges; as, a discerner of truth, of right and wrong.

> A great observer and discerner of men's natures.

Clarendon.

Dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [L. discernibilis.] Capable of being discerned by the eye or the understanding; as, a star is discernible by the eye; the identity of difference of ideas is discernible by the understanding.

> The effect of the privations and sufferings . . . was discernible to the last in his temper and deportment.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Perceptible; distinguishable; apparent; visible; evident; manifest.

Dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. The quality of being discernible.

Dis*cern"i*bly, adv. In a manner to be discerned; perceptibly; visibly. Hammond.

Dis*cern"ing, a. Acute; shrewd; sagacious; sharp-sighted. Macaulay.

Dis*cern"ing*ly, adv. In a discerning manner; with judgment; judiciously; acutely. Garth.

Dis*cern"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. discernement.] 1. The act of discerning.

2. The power or faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one thing from another; power of viewing differences in objects, and their relations and tendencies; penetrative and discriminate mental vision; acuteness; sagacity; insight; as, the errors of youth often proceed from the want of discernment.

Syn. -- Judgment; acuteness; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; insight. -- Discernment, Penetration, Discrimination. Discernment is keenness and accuracy of mental vision; penetration is the power of seeing deeply into a subject in spite of everything that intercepts the view; discrimination is a capacity of tracing out minute distinctions and the nicest shades of thought. A discerning man is not easily misled; one of a penetrating mind sees a multitude of things which escape others; a discriminating judgment detects the slightest differences.

Dis*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. discerpere, discerptum; dis- + carpere to pluck.] 1. To tear in pieces; to rend. [R.] Stukeley.

2. To separate; to disunite. [R.] Bp. Hurd.

{ Dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), Dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?) }, n. Capability or liableness to be discerped. [R.] Wollaston.

{ Dis*cerp"i*ble (?), Dis*cerp"ti*ble (?) }, a. [See Discerp.] Capable of being discerped. [R.]

Dis*cerp"tion (?), n. [L. discerptio.] The act of pulling to pieces, or of separating the parts. Bp. Hall.

Dis*cerp"tive (?), a. Tending to separate or disunite parts. Encys. Dict.

Dis*ces"sion (?), n. [L. discessio, fr. discedere, discessum. See Discede.] Departure. [Obs.]

Dis*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discharging.] [OE. deschargen, dischargen, OF. deschargier, F. décharger; pref. des- (L. dis) + chargier, F. charger. See Charge.] 1. To relieve of a charge, load, or burden; to empty of a load or cargo; to unburden; to unload; as, to discharge a vessel.

2. To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded; to let go the charge of; as, to discharge a bow, catapult, etc.; especially, said of firearms, -- to fire off; to shoot off; also, to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar.

> The galleys also did oftentimes, out of their prows, discharge their great pieces against the city.

Knolles.

> Feeling in other cases discharges itself in indirect muscular actions.

H. Spencer.

3. To of something weighing upon or impeding over one, as a debt, claim, obligation, responsibility, accusation, etc.; to absolve; to acquit; to clear.

> Discharged of business, void of strife.

Dryden.

> In one man's fault discharge another man of his duty.

L'Estrange.

4. To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service; to dismiss.

> Discharge the common sort
> With pay and thanks.

Shak.

> Grindal . . . was discharged the government of his see.

Milton.

5. To release legally from confinement; to set at liberty; as, to discharge a prisoner.

6. To put forth, or remove, as a charge or burden; to take out, as that with which anything is loaded or filled; as, to discharge a cargo.

7. To let fly, as a missile; to shoot.

> They do discharge their shot of courtesy.

Shak.

8. To set aside; to annul; to dismiss.

> We say such an order was "discharged on appeal."

Mozley & W.

> The order for Daly's attendance was discharged.

Macaulay.

9. To throw off the obligation of, as a duty or debt; to relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, performing duty, trust, and the like; hence, to perform or execute, as an office, or part.

> Had I a hundred tongues, a wit so large
> As could their hundred offices discharge.

Dryden.

10. To send away (a creditor) satisfied by payment; to pay one's debt or obligation to. [Obs.]

> If he had
> The present money to discharge the Jew.

Shak.

11. To give forth; to emit or send out; as, a pipe discharges water; to let fly; to give expression to; to utter; as, to discharge a horrible oath.

12. To prohibit; to forbid. [Scot. Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

Discharging arch (Arch.), an arch over a door, window, or other opening, to distribute the pressure of the wall above. See Illust. of Lintel. -- Discharging piece, Discharging strut (Arch.), a piece set to carry thrust or weight to a solid point of support. -- Discharging rod (Elec.), a bent wire, with knobs at both ends, and insulated by a glass handle. It is employed for discharging a Leyden jar or an electrical battery. See Discharger.

Syn. -- See Deliver.

Dis*charge", v. i. To throw off or deliver a load, charge, or burden; to unload; to emit or give vent to fluid or other contents; as, the water pipe discharges freely.

> The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not discharge.

Bacon.

Dis*charge", n. [Cf. F. décharge. See Discharge, v. t.] 1. The act of discharging; the act of relieving of a charge or load; removal of a load or burden; unloading; as, the discharge of a ship; discharge of a cargo.

2. Firing off; explosive removal of a charge; explosion; letting off; as, a discharge of arrows, of artillery.

3. Act of relieving of something which oppresses or weighs upon one, as an obligation, liability, debt, accusation, etc.; acquittance; as, the discharge of a debtor.

4. Act of removing, or getting rid of, an obligation, liability, etc.; fulfillment, as by the payment of a debt, or the performance of a trust or duty.

> Indefatigable in the discharge of business.

Motley.

> Nothing can absolve us from the discharge of those duties.

L'Estrange.

5. Release or dismissal from an office, employment, etc.; dismission; as, the discharge of a workman by his employer.

6. Legal release from confinement; liberation; as, the discharge of a prisoner.

7. The state of being discharged or relieved of a debt, obligation, office, and the like; acquittal.

> Too secure of our discharge
> From penalty.

Milton.

8. That which discharges or releases from an obligation, liability, penalty, etc., as a price of ransom, a legal document.

> Death, who sets all free,
> Hath paid his ransom now and full discharge.

Milton.

9. A flowing or issuing out; emission; vent; evacuation; also, that which is discharged or emitted; as, a rapid discharge of water from the pipe.

> The hemorrhage being stopped, the next occurrence is a thin serous discharge.

S. Sharp.

<! p. 420 !>

Charge and discharge. (Equity Practice) See under Charge, n. -- Paralytic discharge (Physiol.), the increased secretion from a gland resulting from the cutting of all of its nerves.

Dis*char"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, discharges. Specifically, in electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden jar, or electrical battery, by making a connection between the two surfaces; a discharging rod.

Dis*chev"ele (?), a. Disheveled. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*church" (?), v. t. To deprive of status as a church, or of membership in a church. Bp. Hall.

Dis*cide" (?), v. t. [L. discidere; dis- + caedere to cut.] To divide; to cleave in two. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*cif"er*ous (?), a. [Disc- + -ferous.] Bearing disks.

{ Dis`ci*flo"ral (?), Dis`ci*flo"rous (?), } a. [See Disk, and Floral.] (Bot.) Bearing the stamens on a discoid outgrowth of the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of plants. Cf. Calycifloral.

Dis"ci*form (?), a. Discoid.

||Dis*ci"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. discus disk, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Branchiopoda, having a disklike shell, attached by one valve, which is perforated by the peduncle.

Dis*cinct (?), a. [L. discinctus, p. p. of discingere to ungird; dis- + cingere to gird.] Ungirded; loosely dressed. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Dis*cind" (?), v. t. [L. discindere; dis- + scindere to cut, split.] To part; to divide. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dis*ci"ple (?), n. [OE. disciple, deciple, OF. disciple, fr. L. discipulus, fr. discere to learn (akin to docere to teach; see Docile) + prob. a root meaning to turn or drive, as in L. pellere to drive (see Pulse).] One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine; as, the disciples of Plato; the disciples of our Savior.

The disciples, or The twelve disciples, the twelve selected companions of Jesus; -- also called the apostles. -- Disciples of Christ. See Christian, n., 3, and Campbellite.

Syn. -- Learner; scholar; pupil; follower; adherent.

Dis*ci"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discipled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discipling.] 1. To teach; to train. [Obs.]

> That better were in virtues discipled.

Spenser.

2. To punish; to discipline. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles. [R.]

> Sending missionaries to disciple all nations.

E. D. Griffin.

Dis*ci"ple*ship, n. The state of being a disciple or follower in doctrines and precepts. Jer. Taylor.

Dis*ci"pless (?), n. A female disciple. [Obs.]

Dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. disciplinable. See Discipline.] 1. Capable of being disciplined or improved by instruction and training.

2. Liable or deserving to be disciplined; subject to disciplinary punishment; as, a disciplinable offense.

Dis"ci*plin*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being improvable by discipline. Sir M. Hale.

Dis"ci*plin*al (?), a. Relating to discipline. Latham.

Dis"ci*plin*ant (?), n. [See Discipline.] (Eccl. Hist.) A flagellant. See Flagellant.

Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an (?), a. Pertaining to discipline. "Displinarian system." Milman.

Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an, n. 1. One who disciplines; one who excels in training, especially with training, especially with regard to order and obedience; one who enforces rigid discipline; a stickler for the observance of rules and methods of training; as, he is a better disciplinarian than scholar.

2. A Puritan or Presbyterian; -- because of rigid adherence to religious or church discipline. [Obs.]

Dis"ci*plin*a*ry (?), a. [LL. disciplinarius flogging: cf. F. disciplinaire.] Pertaining to discipline; intended for discipline; corrective; belonging to a course of training.

> Those canons . . . were only disciplinary.

Bp. Ferne.

> The evils of the . . . are disciplinary and remedial.

Buckminster.

Dis`ci*pline (?), n. [F. discipline, L. disciplina, from discipulus. See Disciple.] 1. The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; education; development of the faculties by instruction and exercise; training, whether physical, mental, or moral.

> Wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity.

Bacon.

> Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.

C. J. Smith.

2. Training to act in accordance with established rules; accustoming to systematic and regular action; drill.

> Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part,
> Obey the rules and discipline of art.

Dryden.

3. Subjection to rule; submissiveness to order and control; habit of obedience.

> The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.

Rogers.

4. Severe training, corrective of faults; instruction by means of misfortune, suffering, punishment, etc.

> A sharp discipline of half a century had sufficed to educate us.

Macaulay.

5. Correction; chastisement; punishment inflicted by way of correction and training.

> Giving her the discipline of the strap.

Addison.

6. The subject matter of instruction; a branch of knowledge. Bp. Wilkins.

7. (Eccl.) The enforcement of methods of correction against one guilty of ecclesiastical offenses; reformatory or penal action toward a church member.

8. (R. C. Ch.) Self-inflicted and voluntary corporal punishment, as penance, or otherwise; specifically, a penitential scourge.

9. (Eccl.) A system of essential rules and duties; as, the Romish or Anglican discipline.

Syn. -- Education; instruction; training; culture; correction; chastisement; punishment.

Dis"ci*pline (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disciplined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disciplining.] [Cf. LL. disciplinarian to flog, fr. L. disciplina discipline, and F. discipliner to discipline.] 1. To educate; to develop by instruction and exercise; to train.

2. To accustom to regular and systematic action; to bring under control so as to act systematically; to train to act together under orders; to teach subordination to; to form a habit of obedience in; to drill.

> Ill armed, and worse disciplined.

Clarendon.

> His mind . . . imperfectly disciplined by nature.

Macaulay.

3. To improve by corrective and penal methods; to chastise; to correct.

> Has he disciplined Aufidius soundly?

Shak.

4. To inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon.

Syn. -- To train; form; teach; instruct; bring up; regulate; correct; chasten; chastise; punish.

Dis"ci*plin*er (?), n. One who disciplines.

Dis*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disclaiming.] 1. To renounce all claim to deny; ownership of, or responsibility for; to disown; to disavow; to reject.

> He calls the gods to witness their offense;
> Disclaims the war, asserts his innocence.

Dryden.

> He disclaims the authority of Jesus.

Farmer.

2. To deny, as a claim; to refuse.

> The payment was irregularly made, if not disclaimed.

Milman.

3. (Law) To relinquish or deny having a claim; to disavow another's claim; to decline accepting, as an estate, interest, or office. Burrill.

Syn. -- To disown; disavow; renounce; repudiate.

Dis*claim", v. t. To disavow or renounce all part, claim, or share. Blackstone.

Disclaim in, Disclaim from, to disown; to disavow. [Obs.] "Nature disclaims in thee." Shak.

Dis*claim"er (?), n. 1. One who disclaims, disowns, or renounces.

2. (Law) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate. Burrill.

3. A public disavowal, as of pretensions, claims, opinions, and the like. Burke.

Dis`cla*ma"tion (?), n. A disavowing or disowning. Bp. Hall.

Dis*clame" (?), v. t. To disclaim; to expel. [Obs.] "Money did love disclame." Spenser.

Dis*claun"der (?), v. t. [From OE. disclaundre, n., for sclandre, esclandre, OF. esclandre. See Sclaundre, Slander.] To injure one's good name; to slander. [Obs.]

Dis*cloak" (?), v. t. To take off a cloak from; to uncloak. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Dis*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disclosing.] [OE. desclosen, disclosen, fr. disclos, desclos, not shut in, open, OF. desclos, p. p. of desclore to open, F. déclore; pref. des- (L. dis-) + clore to shut, fr. L. claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Disclusion.] 1. To unclose; to open; -- applied esp. to eggs in the sense of to hatch.

> The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the discloseth them.

Bacon.

2. To remove a cover or envelope from;; to set free from inclosure; to uncover.

> The shells being broken, . . . the stone included in them is thereby disclosed and set at liberty.

Woodward.

3. To lay open or expose to view; to cause to appear; to bring to light; to reveal.

> How softly on the Spanish shore she plays,
> Disclosing rock, and slope, and forest brown!

Byron.

> Her lively looks a sprightly mind disclose.

Pope.

4. To make known, as that which has been kept secret or hidden; to reveal; to expose; as, events have disclosed his designs.

> If I disclose my passion,
> Our friendship 's an end.

Addison.

Syn. -- To uncover; open; unveil; discover; reveal; divulge; tell; utter.

Dis*close", n. Disclosure. [Obs.] Shak. Young.

Dis*closed" (?), p. a. (Her.) Represented with wings expanded; -- applied to doves and other birds not of prey. Cussans.

Dis*clos"er (?), n. One who discloses.

Dis*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Disclose, v. t., and cf. Closure.] 1. The act of disclosing, uncovering, or revealing; bringing to light; exposure.

> He feels it [his secret] beating at his heart, rising to his throat, and demanding disclosure.

D. Webster.

2. That which is disclosed or revealed.

> Were the disclosures of 1695 forgotten?

Macaulay.

Dis*cloud" (?), v. t. To clear from clouds. [Archaic] Fuller.

Dis*clout" (?), v. t. To divest of a clout. [R.]

Dis*clu"sion (?), n. [L. disclusio, fr. discludere, disclusum, to separate. See Disclose.] A shutting off; exclusion. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Dis*coast" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- + coast: cf. It. discostare.] To depart; to quit the coast (that is, the side or border) of anything; to be separated. [Obs.]

> As far as heaven and earth discoasted lie.

G. Fletcher.

> To discoast from the plain and simple way of speech.

Barrow.

Dis`co*blas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; disk + &?; to grow.] (Biol.) Applied to a form of egg cleavage seen in osseous fishes, which occurs only in a small disk that separates from the rest of the egg.

||Dis*cob"o*lus (?), n.; pl. Discoboli (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a discu + &?; to throw.] (Fine Arts) (a) A thrower of the discus. (b) A statue of an athlete holding the discus, or about to throw it.

The Discobolus of Myron was a famous statue of antiquity, and several copies or imitations of it have been preserved.

Dis`co*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Discodactylia.] (Zoöl.) One of the tree frogs.

||Dis`co*dac*tyl"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; disk + &?; finger.] (Zoöl.) A division of amphibians having suctorial disks on the toes, as the tree frogs.

Dis`co*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having sucking disks on the toes, as the tree frogs.

Dis`co*her"ent (?), a. Incoherent. [R.]

Dis"coid (?), a. [Gr. &?; quoit-shaped, &?; a round plate, quoit + &?; form, shape: cf. F. discoïde. See Disk.] Having the form of a disk, as those univalve shells which have the whorls in one plane, so as to form a disk, as the pearly nautilus.

Discoid flower (Bot.), a compound flower, consisting of tubular florets only, as a tansy, lacking the rays which are seen in the daisy and sunflower.

Dis"coid, n. Anything having the form of a discus or disk; particularly, a discoid shell.

Dis*coid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. discoïdal.] Disk-shaped; discoid.

Dis"co*lith (?), n. [Gr. &?; a round plate + -lith.] (Biol.) One of a species of coccoliths, having an oval discoidal body, with a thick strongly refracting rim, and a thinner central portion. One of them measures about of an inch in its longest diameter.

Dis*col"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discolored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discoloring.] [OE. descolouren, OF. descolorer, F. décolorer, fr. L. dis- + cololare, coloratum, to color, color color. See Color.] [Written also discolour.] 1. To alter the natural hue or color of; to change to a different color; to stain; to tinge; as, a drop of wine will discolor water; silver is discolored by sea water.

2. To alter the true complexion or appearance of; to put a false hue upon.

> To discolor all your ideas.

Watts.

Dis*col"or*ate (?), v. t. To discolor. [R.] Fuller.

Dis*col`or*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. decoloration.] 1. The act of discoloring, or the state of being discolored; alteration of hue or appearance. Darwin.

2. A discolored spot; a stain. Arbuthnot.

Dis*col"ored (?), a. 1. Altered in color; stained.

2. Variegated; of divers colors. [R.]

> That ever wore discolored arms.

Chapman.

Dis*com"fit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomfited; p. pr. & vb. n. Discomfiting.] [OF. desconfit, p. p. of desconfire, F. déconfire; fr. L. dis- + conficere to make ready, prepare, bring about. See Comfit, Fact.] 1. To scatter in fight; to put to rout; to defeat.

> And his proud foes discomfit in victorious field.

Spenser.

2. To break up and frustrate the plans of; to balk&?; to throw into perplexity and dejection; to disconcert.

> Well, go with me and be not so discomfited.

Shak.

Syn. -- To defeat; overthrow; overpower; vanquish; conquer; baffle; frustrate; confound; discourage.

Dis*com"fit, a. Discomfited; overthrown. [Obs.]

Dis*com"fit, n. Rout; overthrow; discomfiture.

> Such a discomfit as shall quite despoil him.

Milton.

Dis*com"fi*ture (?; 135), n. [OF. desconfiture, F. déconfiture. See Discomfort, v. t., and cf. Comfiture.] The act of discomfiting, or the state of being discomfited; rout; overthrow; defeat; frustration; confusion and dejection.

> Every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.

1 Sam. xiv. 20.

> A hope destined to end . . . in discomfiture and disgrace.

Macaulay.

Dis*com"fort (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomforted; p. pr. & vb. n. Discomforting.] [OF. desconforter, F. déconforter, to discourage; pref. des- (L dis-) + conforter. See Comfort.] 1. To discourage; to deject.

> His funeral shall not be in our camp,
> Lest it discomfort us.

Shak.

2. To destroy or disturb the comfort of; to deprive of quiet enjoyment; to make uneasy; to pain; as, a smoky chimney discomforts a family.

Dis*com"fort, n. [OF. desconfort, F. déconfort. See Discomfort, v. t.] 1. Discouragement. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Want of comfort; uneasiness, mental or physical; disturbance of peace; inquietude; pain; distress; sorrow. "An age of spiritual discomfort." M. Arnold.

> Strive against all the discomforts of thy sufferings.

Bp. Hall.

Dis*com"fort*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. desconfortable.] 1. Causing discomfort; occasioning uneasiness; making sad. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. Destitute of comfort; uncomfortable. [R.]

> A labyrinth of little discomfortable garrets.

Thackeray.

-- Dis*com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Dis`com*mend" (?), v. t. 1. To mention with disapprobation; to blame; to disapprove. [R.] Spenser.

> By commending something in him that is good, and discommending the same fault in others.

Jer. Taylor.

<! p. 421 !>

2. To expose to censure or ill favor; to put out of the good graces of any one.

> A compliance will discommend me to Mr. Coventry.

Pepys.

Dis`com*mend"a*ble (ds`km*mnd"*b'l), a. Deserving, disapprobation or blame. -- Dis`com*mend"a*ble*ness, n.

Dis*com`men*da"tion (?), n. Blame; censure; reproach. [R.] Ayliffe.

Dis`com*mend"er (?), n. One who discommends; a dispraiser. Johnson.

Dis`com*mis"sion (?), v. t. To deprive of a commission or trust. [R.] Laud.

Dis*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [L. dis- + commodatus, p. p. of commodare to make fit or suitable, fr. commodus fit, commodious. See Commodious, and cf. Discommode.] To discommode. [Obs.] Howell.

Dis`com*mode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discommoded; p. pr. & vb. n. Discommoding.] [See Discommodate.] To put inconvenience; to incommode; to trouble. [R.]

Syn. -- To incommode; annoy; inconvenience.

Dis`com*mo"di*ous (?), a. Inconvenient; troublesome; incommodious. [R.] Spenser.

-- Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

Dis`com*mod"i*ty (?), n. Disadvantage; inconvenience. Bacon.

Dis*com"mon (?), v. t. 1. To deprive of the right of common. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. To deprive of privileges. [R.] T. Warton.

3. (Law) To deprive of commonable quality, as lands, by inclosing or appropriating. Burrill.

Dis`com*mu"ni*ty (?), n. A lack of common possessions, properties, or relationship.

> Community of embryonic structure reveals community of descent; but dissimilarity of embryonic development does not prove discommunity of descent.

Darwin.

Dis*com"pa*ny (?), v. t. To free from company; to dissociate. [R.]

> It she be alone now, and discompanied.

B. Jonson.

Dis`com*plex"ion (?), v. t. To change the complexion or hue of. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Dis`com*pli"ance (?), n. Failure or refusal to comply; noncompliance.

> A compliance will discommend me to Mr. Coventry, and a discompliance to my lord chancellor.

Pepys.

Dis`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discomposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discomposing.] [Pref. dis- + compose: cf. OF. decomposer, F. décomposer.] 1. To disarrange; to interfere with; to disturb; to disorder; to unsettle; to break up.

> Or discomposed the headdress of a prude.

Pope.

2. To throw into disorder; to ruffle; to destroy the composure or equanimity; to agitate.

> Opposition . . . discomposeth the mind's serenity.

Glanvill.

3. To put out of place or service; to discharge; to displace. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn. -- To disorder; derange; unsettle; disturb; disconcert; agitate; ruffle; fret; vex.

Dis`com*posed" (?), a. Disordered; disturbed; disquieted. -- Dis`com*pos"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Dis`com*pos"ed*ness, n.

Dis*com`po*si"tion (?), n. Inconsistency; discordance. [Obs.] Donne.

Dis`com*po"sure (?; 135), n. 1. The state of being discomposed; disturbance; disorder; agitation; perturbation.

> No discomposure stirred her features.

Akenside.

2. Discordance; disagreement of parts. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dis*compt" (?), v. t. [See Discount.] To discount. See Discount. Hudibras.

Dis`con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disconcerting.] [Pref. dis- + concert: cf. OF. desconcerter, F. déconcerter.] 1. To break up the harmonious progress of; to throw into disorder or confusion; as, the emperor disconcerted the plans of his enemy.

2. To confuse the faculties of; to disturb the composure of; to discompose; to abash.

> The embrace disconcerted the daughter-in-law somewhat, as the caresses of old gentlemen unshorn and perfumed with tobacco might well do.

Thackeray.

Syn. -- To discompose; derange; ruffle; confuse; disturb; defeat; frustrate.

Dis`con*cert" (?), n. Want of concert; disagreement. Sir W. Temple.

Dis`con*cer"tion (?), n. The act of disconcerting, or state of being disconcerted; discomposure; perturbation. [R.] State Trials (1794).

Dis`con*du"cive (?), a. Not conductive; impeding; disadvantageous. [R.]

Dis`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Not conformable.

> Disconformable in religion from us.

Stow (1603).

Dis`con*form"i*ty (?), n. Want of conformity or correspondence; inconsistency; disagreement.

> Those . . . in some disconformity to ourselves.

Milton.

> Disagreement and disconformity betwixt the speech and the conception of the mind.

Hakewill.

Dis`con*gru"i*ty (?), n. Incongruity; disagreement; unsuitableness. Sir M. Hale.

Dis`con*nect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disconnected; p. pr. & vb. n. Disconnecting.] To dissolve the union or connection of; to disunite; to sever; to separate; to disperse.

> The commonwealth itself would . . . be disconnected into the dust and powder of individuality.

Burke.

> This restriction disconnects bank paper and the precious metals.

Walsh.

Dis`con*nec"tion (?), n. The act of disconnecting, or state of being disconnected; separation; want of union.

> Nothing was therefore to be left in all the subordinate members but weakness, disconnection, and confusion.

Burke.

Dis*con"se*crate (?), v. t. To deprive of consecration or sacredness. [R.]

Dis`con*sent" (ds`kn*snt"), v. i. To differ; to disagree; to dissent. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis*con"so*la`cy (?), n. The state of being disconsolate. [Obs.] Barrow.

Dis*con"so*late (?), n. Disconsolateness. [Obs.] Barrow.

Dis*con"so*late (?), a. [LL. disconsolatus; L. dis- + consolatus, p. p. of consolari to console. See Console, v. t.] 1. Destitute of consolation; deeply dejected and dispirited; hopelessly sad; comfortless; filled with grief; as, a bereaved and disconsolate parent.

> One morn a Peri at the gate
> Of Eden stood disconsolate.

Moore.

> The ladies and the knights, no shelter nigh,
> Were dropping wet, disconsolate and wan.

Dryden.

2. Inspiring dejection; saddening; cheerless; as, the disconsolate darkness of the winter nights. Ray.

Syn. -- Forlorn; melancholy; sorrowful; desolate; woeful; hopeless; gloomy.

-- Dis*con"so*late*ly, adv. -- Dis*con"so*late*ness, n.

Dis*con"so*la`ted (?), a. Disconsolate. [Obs.]

> A poor, disconsolated, drooping creature.

Sterne.

Dis*con`so*la"tion (&?;), n. Dejection; grief. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Dis`con*tent" (ds`kn*tnt"), a. Not content; discontented; dissatisfied. Jer. Taylor.

> Passion seemed to be much discontent, but Patience was very quiet.

Bunyan.

Dis`con*tent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discontented; p. pr. & vb. n. Discontenting.] To deprive of content; to make uneasy; to dissatisfy. Suckling.

Dis`con*tent", n. 1. Want of content; uneasiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction; disquiet.

> Now is the winter of our discontent
> Made glorious summer by this sun of York.

Shak.

> The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such universal discontent.

Hallam

2. A discontented person; a malcontent. [R.]

> Thus was the Scotch nation full of discontents.

Fuller.

Dis*con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. Discontent. [Obs.] Ascham.

Dis`con*tent"ed (?), p. p. & a. Dissatisfied; uneasy in mind; malcontent.

> And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him.

1 Sam. xxii. 2.

-- Dis`con*tent"ed*ly, adv. -- Dis`con*tent"ed*ness, n.

Dis`con*tent"ful (?), a. Full of discontent. [R.]

Dis`con*tent"ing, a. 1. Discontented. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Causing discontent; dissatisfying. Milton.

Dis`con*tent"ive (?), a. Relating or tending to discontent. [R.] "Pride is ever discontentive." Feltham.

Dis`con*tent"ment (?), n. The state of being discontented; uneasiness; inquietude. Bacon.

Dis`con*tin"u*a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being discontinued. [R.]

Dis`con*tin"u*ance (?), n. 1. The act of discontinuing, or the state of being discontinued; want of continued connection or continuity; breaking off; cessation; interruption; as, a discontinuance of conversation or intercourse; discontinuance of a highway or of travel.

2. (Law) (a) A breaking off or interruption of an estate, which happened when an alienation was made by a tenant in tail, or other tenant, seized in right of another, of a larger estate than the tenant was entitled to, whereby the party ousted or injured was driven to his real action, and could not enter. This effect of such alienation is now obviated by statute in both England and the United States. (b) The termination of an action in practice by the voluntary act of the plaintiff; an entry on the record that the plaintiff discontinues his action. (c) That technical interruption of the proceedings in pleading in an action, which follows where a defendant does not answer the whole of the plaintiff's declaration, and the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part unanswered. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

Syn. -- Cessation; intermission; discontinuation; separation; disunion; disjunction; disruption; break.

Dis`con*tin`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. discontinuation.] Breach or interruption of continuity; separation of parts in a connected series; discontinuance.

> Upon any discontinuation of parts, made either by bubbles or by shaking the glass, the whole mercury falls.

Sir I. Newton.

Dis`con*tin"ue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discontinued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discontinuing.] [Cf. F. discontinuer.] To interrupt the continuance of; to intermit, as a practice or habit; to put an end to; to cause to cease; to cease using, to stop; to leave off.

> Set up their conventicles again, which had been discontinued.

Bp. Burnet.

> I have discontinued school
> Above a twelvemonth.

Shak.

> Taught the Greek tongue, discontinued before in these parts the space of seven hundred years.

Daniel.

> They modify and discriminate the voice, without appearing to discontinue it.

Holder.

Dis`con*tin"ue, v. i. 1. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be disrupted or broken off. Bacon.

2. To be separated or severed; to part.

> Thyself shalt discontinue from thine heritage.

Jer. xvii. 4.

Dis`con*tin`u*ee" (?), n. (Law) One whose possession of an estate is broken off, or discontinued; one whose estate is subject to discontinuance.

Dis`con*tin"u*er (?), n. One who discontinues, or breaks off or away from; an absentee.

> He was no gadder abroad, not discontinuer from his convent for a long time.

Fuller.

Dis*con`ti*nu"i*ty (?), n. Want of continuity or cohesion; disunion of parts. "Discontinuity of surface." Boyle.

Dis`con*tin"u*or (?), n. (Law) One who deprives another of the possession of an estate by discontinuance. See Discontinuance, 2.

Dis`con*tin"u*ous (?), a. 1. Not continuous; interrupted; broken off.

> A path that is zigzag, discontinuous, and intersected at every turn by human negligence.

De Quincey.

2. Exhibiting a dissolution of continuity; gaping. "Discontinuous wound." Milton.

Discontinuous function (Math.), a function which for certain values or between certain values of the variable does not vary continuously as the variable increases. The discontinuity may, for example, consist of an abrupt change in the value of the function, or an abrupt change in its law of variation, or the function may become imaginary.

Dis`con*ven"ience (?), n. Unsuitableness; incongruity. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis`con*ven"ient (?), a. Not convenient or congruous; unsuitable; ill-adapted. [Obs.] Bp. Reynolds.

||Dis*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; disk + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) A division of acalephs or jellyfishes, including most of the large disklike species. -- Dis*coph"o*rous (#), a.

Dis"cord` (?), n. [OE. discord, descord, OF. discorde, descorde, F. discorde, from L. discordia, fr. discors, - cordis, discordant, disagreeable; dis- + cor, cordis, heart; cf. F. discord, n., and OF. descorder, discorder, F. discorder, to discord, L. discordare, from discors. See Heart, and cf. Discord, v. i.] 1. Want of concord or agreement; absence of unity or harmony in sentiment or action; variance leading to contention and strife; disagreement; -- applied to persons or to things, and to thoughts, feelings, or purposes.

> A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

Prov. vi. 19.

> Peace to arise out of universal discord fomented in all parts of the empire.

Burke.

2. (Mus.) Union of musical sounds which strikes the ear harshly or disagreeably, owing to the incommensurability of the vibrations which they produce; want of musical concord or harmony; a chord demanding resolution into a concord.

> For a discord itself is but a harshness of divers sounds m&?;&?;&?;ing.

Bacon.

Apple of discord. See under Apple.

Syn. -- Variance; difference; opposition; contrariety; clashing; dissension; contention; strife; disagreement; dissonance.

Dis*cord" (?), v. i. [OE. discorden, descorden, from the French. See Discord, n.] To disagree; to be discordant; to jar; to clash; not to suit. [Obs.]

> The one discording with the other.

Bacon.

Dis*cord"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. descordable.] That may produce discord; disagreeing; discordant. [R.] Halliwell.

{ Dis*cord"ance (?), Dis*cord"an*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. discordance.] State or quality of being discordant; disagreement; inconsistency.

> There will arise a thousand discordances of opinion.

I. Taylor.

Dis*cord"ant (?), a. [OE. discordant, descordaunt, OF. descordant, discordant, F. discordant, p. pr. of discorder, OF. also, descorder. See Discord, n.] 1. Disagreeing; incongruous; being at variance; clashing; opposing; not harmonious.

> The discordant elements out of which the emperor had compounded his realm did not coalesce.

Motley.

2. [See Discord, n., 2.] (Mus.) Dissonant; not in harmony or musical concord; harsh; jarring; as, discordant notes or sounds.

> For still their music seemed to start
> Discordant echoes in each heart.

Longfellow.

3. (Geol.) Said of strata which lack conformity in direction of bedding, either as in unconformability, or as caused by a fault.

Syn. -- Disagreeing; incongruous; contradictory; repugnant; opposite; contrary; inconsistent; dissonant; harsh; jarring; irreconcilable.

-- Dis*cord"ant*ly, adv. -- Dis*cord"ant*ness, n. [R.]

Dis*cord"ful (?), a. Full of discord; contentious. [Obs.] "His discordful dame." Spenser.

Dis*cord"ous (?), a. Full of discord. [Obs.]

Dis*cor"po*rate (?), a. Deprived of the privileges or form of a body corporate. [Obs.] Jas. II.

Dis*cor`re*spond"ent (?), a. Incongruous. W. Montagu.

Dis*cost" (?), v. i. Same as Discoast. [Obs.]

Dis*coun"sel (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + counsel: cf. OF. desconseiller.] To dissuade. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis"count` (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Discounting.] [OF. desconter, descompter, to deduct, F. décompter to discount; pref. des- (L. dis-) + conter, compter. See Count, v.] 1. To deduct from an account, debt, charge, and the like; to make an abatement of; as, merchants sometimes discount five or six per cent for prompt payment of bills.

2. To lend money upon, deducting the discount or allowance for interest; as, the banks discount notes and bills of exchange.

> Discount only unexceptionable paper.

Walsh.

3. To take into consideration beforehand; to anticipate and form conclusions concerning (an event).

4. To leave out of account; to take no notice of. [R.]

> Of the three opinions (I discount Brown's).

Sir W. Hamilton.

<! p. 422 !>

Dis"count` (?; 277), v. i. To lend, or make a practice of lending, money, abating the discount; as, the discount for sixty or ninety days.

Dis"count` (?), n. [Cf. F. décompte. See Discount, v. t.] 1. A counting off or deduction made from a gross sum on any account whatever; an allowance upon an account, debt, demand, price asked, and the like; something taken or deducted.

2. A deduction made for interest, in advancing money upon, or purchasing, a bill or note not due; payment in advance of interest upon money.

3. The rate of interest charged in discounting.

At a discount, below par, or below the nominal value; hence, colloquially, out of favor; poorly esteemed; depreciated. -- Bank discount, a sum equal to the interest at a given rate on the principal (face) of a bill or note from the time of discounting until it become due. -- Discount broker, one who makes a business of discounting commercial paper; a bill broker. -- Discount day, a particular day of the week when a bank discounts bills. -- True discount, the interest which, added to a principal, will equal the face of a note when it becomes due. The principal yielding this interest is the present value of the note.

Dis*count"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or suitable to be, discounted; as, certain forms are necessary to render notes discountable at a bank.

Dis*coun"te*nance (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discountenanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discountenancing (?).] [Pref. dis- + countenance: cf. OF. descontenancer, F. décontenancer.] 1. To ruffle or discompose the countenance of; to put of countenance; to put to shame; to abash.

> How would one look from his majestic brow . . .
> Discountenance her despised!

Milton.

> The hermit was somewhat discountenanced by this observation.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To refuse to countenance, or give the support of one's approval to; to give one's influence against; to restrain by cold treatment; to discourage.

> A town meeting was convened to discountenance riot.

Bancroft.

Dis*coun"te*nance, n. Unfavorable aspect; unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discourage.

> He thought a little discountenance on those persons would suppress that spirit.

Clarendon.

Dis*coun"te*nan*cer (?), n. One who discountenances; one who disfavors. Bacon.

Dis"count`er (?), n. One who discounts; a discount broker. Burke.

Dis*cour"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discouraged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discouraging (?).] [Pref. dis- + courage: cf. OF. descoragier, F. décourager: pref. des- (L. dis-) + corage, F. courage. See Courage.] 1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject; -- the opposite of encourage; as, he was discouraged in his undertaking; he need not be discouraged from a like attempt.

> Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.

Col. iii. 21.

2. To dishearten one with respect to; to discountenance; to seek to check by disfavoring; to deter one from; as, they discouraged his efforts.

Syn. -- To dishearten; dispirit; depress; deject; dissuade; disfavor.

Dis*cour"age, n. Lack of courage; cowardliness.

Dis*cour"age*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being discouraged; easily disheartened. Bp. Hall.

Dis*cour"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. descouragement, F. découragement.] 1. The act of discouraging, or the state of being discouraged; depression or weakening of confidence; dejection.

2. That which discourages; that which deters, or tends to deter, from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of anything; a determent; as, the revolution was commenced under every possible discouragement. "Discouragements from vice." Swift.

Dis*cour"a*ger (?), n. One who discourages.

> The promoter of truth and the discourager of error.

Sir G. C. Lewis.

Dis*cour"a*ging (?), a. Causing or indicating discouragement. -- Dis*cour"a*ging*ly, adv.

Dis*coure" (?), v. t. To discover. [Obs.]

> That none might her discoure.

Spenser.

Dis*course" (?), n. [L. discursus a running to and fro, discourse, fr. discurrere, discursum, to run to and fro, to discourse; dis- + currere to run: cf. F. discours. See Course.] 1. The power of the mind to reason or infer by running, as it were, from one fact or reason to another, and deriving a conclusion; an exercise or act of this power; reasoning; range of reasoning faculty. [Obs.]

> Difficult, strange, and harsh to the discourses of natural reason.

South.

> Sure he that made us with such large discourse,
> Looking before and after, gave us not
> That capability and godlike reason
> To fust in us unused.

Shak.

2. Conversation; talk.

> In their discourses after supper.

Shak.

> Filling the head with variety of thoughts, and the mouth with copious discourse.

Locke.

3. The art and manner of speaking and conversing.

> Of excellent breeding, admirable discourse.

Shak.

4. Consecutive speech, either written or unwritten, on a given line of thought; speech; treatise; dissertation; sermon, etc.; as, the preacher gave us a long discourse on duty.

5. Dealing; transaction. [Obs.]

> Good Captain Bessus, tell us the discourse
> Betwixt Tigranes and our king, and how
> We got the victory.

Beau. & Fl.

Dis*course" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Discoursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discoursing.] 1. To exercise reason; to employ the mind in judging and inferring; to reason. [Obs.] "Have sense or can discourse." Dryden.

2. To express one's self in oral discourse; to expose one's views; to talk in a continuous or formal manner; to hold forth; to speak; to converse.

> Bid me discourse, I will enchant thine ear.

Shak.

3. To relate something; to tell. Shak.

4. To treat of something in writing and formally.

Dis*course", v. t. 1. To treat of; to expose or set forth in language. [Obs.]

> The life of William Tyndale . . . is sufficiently and at large discoursed in the book.

Foxe.

2. To utter or give forth; to speak.

> It will discourse most eloquent music.

Shak.

3. To talk to; to confer with. [Obs.]

> I have spoken to my brother, who is the patron, to discourse the minister about it.

Evelyn.

Dis*cours"er (?), n. 1. One who discourse; a narrator; a speaker; an haranguer.

> In his conversation he was the most clear discourser.

Milward.

2. The writer of a treatise or dissertation.

> Philologers and critical discoursers.

Sir T. Browne.

Dis*cours"ive (?), a. [See Discursive.] 1. Reasoning; characterized by reasoning; passing from premises to consequences; discursive. Milton.

2. Containing dialogue or conversation; interlocutory.

> The epic is everywhere interlaced with dialogue or discoursive scenes.

Dryden.

3. Inclined to converse; conversable; communicative; as, a discoursive man. [R.]

Dis*cours"ive, n. The state or quality of being discoursive or able to reason. [R.] Feltham.

Dis*cour"te*ous (?; see Courteous, 277), a. [Pref. dis- + courteous: cf. OF. discortois.] Uncivil; rude; wanting in courtesy or good manners; uncourteous. -- Dis*cour"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Dis*cour"te*ous*ness, n.

Dis*cour"te*sy (?), n. [Pref. dis- + courtesy: cf. OF. descourtoisie.] Rudeness of behavior or language; ill manners; manifestation of disrespect; incivility.

> Be calm in arguing; for fierceness makes
> Error a fault, and truth discourtesy.

Herbert.

Dis*court"ship (?), n. Want of courtesy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Disc"ous (?), a. [L. discus disk. See Disk.] Disklike; discoid.

Dis*cov"e*nant (?), v. t. To dissolve covenant with.

Dis*cov"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discovering.] [OE. discoveren, discuren, descuren, OF. descovrir, descouvrir, F. découvrir; des- (L. dis-) + couvrir to cover. See Cover.] 1. To uncover. [Obs.]

> Whether any man hath pulled down or discovered any church.

Abp. Grindal.

2. To disclose; to lay open to view; to make visible; to reveal; to make known; to show (what has been secret, unseen, or unknown).

> Go, draw aside the curtains, and discover
> The several caskets to this noble prince.

Shak.

> Prosperity doth best discover vice; but adversity doth best discover virtue.

Bacon.

> We will discover ourselves unto them.

1 Sam. xiv. 8.

> Discover not a secret to another.

Prov. xxv. 9.

3. To obtain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a thing existing already, but not perceived or known; to find; to ascertain; to espy; to detect.

> Some to discover islands far away.

Shak.

4. To manifest without design; to show.

> The youth discovered a taste for sculpture.

C. J. Smith.

5. To explore; to examine. [Obs.]

Syn. -- To disclose; bring out; exhibit; show; manifest; reveal; communicate; impart; tell; espy; find; out; detect. -- To Discover, Invent. We discover what existed before, but remained unknown; we invent by forming combinations which are either entirely new, or which attain their end by means unknown before. Columbus discovered America; Newton discovered the law of gravitation; Whitney invented the cotton gin; Galileo invented the telescope.

Dis*cov"er, v. i. To discover or show one's self. [Obs.]

> This done, they discover.

Decker.

> Nor was this the first time that they discovered to be followers of this world.

Milton.

Dis*cov`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being discoverable. [R.] Carlyle.

Dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being discovered, found out, or perceived; as, many minute animals are discoverable only by the help of the microscope; truths discoverable by human industry.

Dis*cov"er*er (?), n. 1. One who discovers; one who first comes to the knowledge of something; one who discovers an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or fact.

> The discoverers and searchers of the land.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A scout; an explorer. Shak.

Dis*cov"er*ment, n. Discovery. [Obs.]

Dis*cov"ert (?), a. [Cf. F. découvert uncovered, OF. descovert. See Discover, Covert.] (Law) Not covert; not within the bonds of matrimony; unmarried; -- applied either to a woman who has never married or to a widow.

Dis*cov"ert, n. An uncovered place or part. [Obs.]

At discovert, uncovered. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*cov"er*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. dis- + coverture: cf. OF. descoverture.] 1. Discovery. [Obs.]

2. (Law) A state of being released from coverture; freedom of a woman from the coverture of a husband.

Dis*cov"er*y (?), n.; pl. Discoveries (&?;). 1. The action of discovering; exposure to view; laying open; showing; as, the discovery of a plot.

2. A making known; revelation; disclosure; as, a bankrupt is bound to make a full discovery of his assets.

> In the clear discoveries of the next [world].

South.

3. Finding out or ascertaining something previously unknown or unrecognized; as, Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood.

> A brilliant career of discovery and conquest.

Prescott.

> We speak of the "invention" of printing, the discovery of America.

Trench.

4. That which is discovered; a thing found out, or for the first time ascertained or recognized; as, the properties of the magnet were an important discovery.

5. Exploration; examination. [Obs.]

Dis*cra"dle (?), v. t. To take from a cradle. [R.]

> This airy apparition first discradled
> From Tournay into Portugal.

Ford.

Dis*cred"it (?), n. [Cf. F. discrédit.] 1. The act of discrediting or disbelieving, or the state of being discredited or disbelieved; as, later accounts have brought the story into discredit.

2. Hence, some degree of dishonor or disesteem; ill repute; reproach; -- applied to persons or things.

> It is the duty of every Christian to be concerned for the reputation or discredit his life may bring on his profession.

Rogers.

Syn. -- Disesteem; disrepute; dishonor; disgrace; ignominy; scandal; disbelief; distrust.

Dis*cred"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discredited; p. pr. & vb. n. Discrediting.] [Cf. F. discréditer.] 1. To refuse credence to; not to accept as true; to disbelieve; as, the report is discredited.

2. To deprive of credibility; to destroy confidence or trust in; to cause disbelief in the accuracy or authority of.

> An occasion might be given to the . . . papists of discrediting our common English Bible.

Strype.

2. To deprive of credit or good repute; to bring reproach upon; to make less reputable; to disgrace.

> He. . . least discredits his travels who returns the same man he went.

Sir H. Wotton.

Dis*cred"it*a*ble (?), a. Not creditable; injurious to reputation; disgraceful; disreputable. -- Dis*cred"it*a*bly, adv.

Dis*cred"it*or (?), n. One who discredits.

Dis*creet" (?), a. [Compar. Discreeter (?); superl. Discreetest.] [F. discret, L. discretus separated (whence the meaning reserved, prudent), p. p. of discernere. See Discern, and cf. Discrete.] 1. Possessed of discernment, especially in avoiding error or evil, and in the adaptation of means to ends; prudent; sagacious; judicious; not rash or heedless; cautious.

> It is the discreet man, not the witty, nor the learned, nor the brave, who guides the conversation, and gives measures to society.

Addison.

> Satire 's my weapon, but I 'm too discreet
> To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet.

Pope.

> The sea is silent, the sea is discreet.

Longfellow.

2. Differing; distinct. [Obs.] Spenser.

-- Dis*creet"ly, adv. -- Dis*creet"ness, n.

{ Dis*crep"ance (?; 277), Dis*crep"an*cy (?), } n.; pl. -ances (#), -ancies (#). [L. disrepantia: cf. OF. discrepance. See Discrepant.] The state or quality of being discrepant; disagreement; variance; discordance; dissimilarity; contrariety.

> There hath been ever a discrepance of vesture of youth and age, men and women.

Sir T. Elyot.

> There is no real discrepancy between these two genealogies.

G. S. Faber.

Dis*crep"ant (?), a. [L. discrepans, -antis, p. pr. of discrepare to sound differently or discordantly; dis- + crepare to rattle, creak: cf. OF. discrepant. See Crepitate.] Discordant; at variance; disagreeing; contrary; different.

> The Egyptians were . . . the most oddly discrepant from the rest in their manner of worship.

Cudworth.

Dis*crep"ant, n. A dissident. J. Taylor.

Dis*crete" (?), a. [L. discretus, p. p. of discernere. See Discreet.] 1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. Sir M. Hale.

2. Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive clause; as, "I resign my life, but not my honor," is a discrete proposition.

3. (Bot.) Separate; not coalescent; -- said of things usually coalescent.

Discrete movement. See Concrete movement of the voice, under Concrete, a. -- Discrete proportion, proportion where the ratio of the means is different from that of either couplet; as, 3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6 as 8 does to 16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It is thus opposed to continued or continual proportion; as, 3:6::12:24. -- Discrete quantity, that which must be divided into units, as number, and is opposed to continued quantity, as duration, or extension.

Dis*crete", v. t. To separate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*crete"ly, adv. Separately; disjunctively.

Dis*cre"tion (?), n. [F. discrétion, L. discretio separation, difference, discernment, fr. discernere, discretum. See Discreet, Discern.] 1. Disjunction; separation. [Obs.] Mede.

2. The quality of being discreet; wise conduct and management; cautious discernment, especially as to matters of propriety and self-control; prudence; circumspection; wariness.

> The better part of valor is discretion.

Shak.

> The greatest parts without discretion may be fatal to their owner.

Hume.

3. Discrimination.

> Well spoken, with good accent and good discretion.

Shak.

4. Freedom to act according to one's own judgment; unrestrained exercise of choice or will.

At discretion, without conditions or stipulations.

<! p. 423 !>

{ Dis*cre"tion*al (?), Dis*cre"tion*a*ry (?), }[Cf. F. discrétionnaire.] Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judgment; as, an ambassador with discretionary powers.

{ Dis*cre"tion*al*ly (?), Dis*cre"tion*a*ri*ly (?), } adv. At discretion; according to one's discretion or judgment.

Dis*cre"tive (?), a. [L. discretivus. See Discrete.] Marking distinction or separation; disjunctive.

Discretive proposition (Logic & Gram.), one that expresses distinction, opposition, or variety, by means of discretive particles, as but, though, yet, etc.; as, travelers change their climate, but not their temper.

Dis*cre"tive*ly, adv. In a discretive manner.

Dis*crim"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being discriminated. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dis*crim"i*nal (?), a. [L. discriminalis serving to divide.] In palmistry, applied to the line which marks the separation between the hand and the arm.

Dis*crim"i*nant (?), n. [L. discriminans, p. pr. of discriminare.] (Math.) The eliminant of the n partial differentials of any homogenous function of n variables. See Eliminant.

Dis*crim"i*nate (?), a. [L. discriminatus, p. p. of discriminare to divide, separate, fr. discrimen division, distinction, decision, fr. discernere. See Discern, and cf. Criminate.] Having the difference marked; distinguished by certain tokens. Bacon.

Dis*crim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discriminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discriminating (?).] To set apart as being different; to mark as different; to separate from another by discerning differences; to distinguish. Cowper.

> To discriminate the goats from the sheep.

Barrow.

Dis*crim"i*nate (?), v. i. 1. To make a difference or distinction; to distinguish accurately; as, in judging of evidence, we should be careful to discriminate between probability and slight presumption.

2. (a) To treat unequally. (b) (Railroads) To impose unequal tariffs for substantially the same service.

Dis*crim"i*nate*ly (?), adv. In a discriminating manner; distinctly.

Dis*crim"i*nate*ness, n. The state of being discriminated; distinctness.

Dis*crim"i*na`ting (?), a. Marking a difference; distinguishing. -- Dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv.

> And finds with keen discriminating sight,
> Black's not so black; -- nor white so very white.

Canning.

Dis*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. discriminatio the contrasting of opposite thoughts.] 1. The act of discriminating, distinguishing, or noting and marking differences.

> To make an anxious discrimination between the miracle absolute and providential.

Trench.

2. The state of being discriminated, distinguished, or set apart. Sir J. Reynolds.

3. (Railroads) The arbitrary imposition of unequal tariffs for substantially the same service.

> A difference in rates, not based upon any corresponding difference in cost, constitutes a case of discrimination.

A. T. Hadley.

4. The quality of being discriminating; faculty of nicely distinguishing; acute discernment; as, to show great discrimination in the choice of means.

5. That which discriminates; mark of distinction.

Syn. -- Discernment; penetration; clearness; acuteness; judgment; distinction. See Discernment.

Dis*crim"i*na*tive (?), a. 1. Marking a difference; distinguishing; distinctive; characteristic.

> That peculiar and discriminative form of life.

Johnson.

2. Observing distinctions; making differences; discriminating. "Discriminative censure." J. Foster. "Discriminative Providence." Dr. H. More.

Dis*crim"i*na*tive*ly, adv. With discrimination or distinction. J. Foster.

Dis*crim"i*na`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who discriminates.

Dis*crim"i*na*to*ry (?), a. Discriminative.

Dis*crim"i*nous (?), a. [LL. discriminosus, fr. L. discrimen the dangerous, decisive moment. See Discriminate, a.] Hazardous; dangerous. [Obs.] Harvey.

Dis*crive" (?), v. t. [OF. descrivre. See Describe.] To describe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*crown" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discrowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discrowning.] To deprive of a crown.

> The end had crowned the work; it not unreasonably discrowned the workman.

Motley.

Dis*cru"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discruciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Discruciating.] [L. discruciatus, p. p. of discruciare. See Cruciate.] To torture; to excruciate. [Obs.]

> Discruciate a man in deep distress.

Herrick.

Dis*cu"bi*to*ry (?), a. [L. discumbere, discubitum, to lie down, recline at table; dis- + cumbere (in comp.) to lie down.] Leaning; fitted for a reclining posture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disculpated; p. pr. & vb. n. Disculpating.] [LL. disculpatus, p. p. of disculpare to disculpate; dis- + L. culpare to blame, culpa fault.] To free from blame or the imputation of a fault; to exculpate.

> I almost fear you think I begged it, but I can disculpate myself.

Walpole.

Dis`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. disculpation.] Exculpation. Burke.

Dis*cul"pa*to*ry (?), a. Tending to exculpate; exculpatory.

Dis*cum"ben*cy (?), n. [From L. discumbens, p. pr. of discumbere. See Discubitory.] The act of reclining at table according to the manner of the ancients at their meals. Sir T. Browne.

Dis*cum"ber (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + cumber: cf. OF. descombrer.] To free from that which cumbers or impedes; to disencumber. [Archaic] Pope.

Dis*cure" (?), v. t. [See Discover.] To discover; to reveal; to discoure. [Obs.]

> I will, if please you it discure, assay
> To ease you of that ill, so wisely as I may.

Spenser.

Dis*cur"rent (?), a. Not current or free to circulate; not in use. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

Dis*cur"sion (?), n. [LL. discursio a running different ways. See Discourse.] The act of discoursing or reasoning; range, as from thought to thought. Coleridge.

Dis*cur"sist, n. A discourser. [Obs.] L. Addison.

Dis*cur"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. discursif. See Discourse, and cf. Discoursive.] 1. Passing from one thing to another; ranging over a wide field; roving; digressive; desultory. "Discursive notices." De Quincey.

> The power he [Shakespeare] delights to show is not intense, but discursive.

Hazlitt.

> A man rather tacit than discursive.

Carlyle.

2. Reasoning; proceeding from one ground to another, as in reasoning; argumentative.

> Reason is her being,
> Discursive or intuitive.

Milton.

-- Dis*cur"sive*ly, adv. -- Dis*cur"sive*ness, n.

Dis*cur`so*ry (?), a. Argumentative; discursive; reasoning. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*cur"sus (?), n. [L.] (Logic) Argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning.

Dis"cus (?), n.; pl. E. Discuses (#), L. Disci (#). [L. See Disk.] 1. (a) A quoit; a circular plate of some heavy material intended to be pitched or hurled as a trial of strength and skill. (b) The exercise with the discus.

This among the Greeks was one of the chief gymnastic exercises and was included in the Pentathlon (the contest of the five exercises). The chief contest was that of throwing the discus to the greatest possible distance.

2. A disk. See Disk.

Dis*cuss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Discussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Discussing.] [L. discussus, p. p. of discutere to strike asunder (hence came the sense to separate mentally, distinguish); dis- + quatere to shake, strike. See Quash.] 1. To break to pieces; to shatter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. To break up; to disperse; to scatter; to dissipate; to drive away; -- said especially of tumors.

> Many arts were used to discuss the beginnings of new affection.

Sir H. Wotton.

> A pomade . . . of virtue to discuss pimples.

Rambler.

3. To shake; to put away; to finish. [Obs.]

> All regard of shame she had discussed.

Spenser.

4. To examine in detail or by disputation; to reason upon by presenting favorable and adverse considerations; to debate; to sift; to investigate; to ventilate. "We sat and . . . discussed the farm . . . and the price of grain." Tennyson. "To discuss questions of taste." Macaulay.

5. To deal with, in eating or drinking. [Colloq.]

> We sat quietly down and discussed a cold fowl that we had brought with us.

Sir S. Baker.

6. (Law) To examine or search thoroughly; to exhaust a remedy against, as against a principal debtor before proceeding against the surety. Burrill.

Syn. -- To Discuss, Examine, Debate. We speak of examining a subject when we ponder it with care, in order to discover its real state, or the truth respecting it. We speak of discussing a topic when we examine it thoroughly in its distinct parts. The word is very commonly applied to matters of opinion. We may discuss a subject without giving in an adhesion to any conclusion. We speak of debating a point when we examine it in mutual argumentation between opposing parties. In debate we contend for or against some conclusion or view.

Dis*cuss"er (?), n. One who discusses; one who sifts or examines. Wood.

Dis*cus"sion (?), n. [L. discussio a shaking, examination, discussion: cf. F. discussion.] 1. The act or process of discussing by breaking up, or dispersing, as a tumor, or the like.

2. The act of discussing or exchanging reasons; examination by argument; debate; disputation; agitation.

> The liberty of discussion is the great safeguard of all other liberties.

Macaulay.

Discussion of a problem or an equation (Math.), the operation of assigning different reasonable values to the arbitrary quantities and interpreting the result. Math. Dict.

Dis*cus"sion*al (?), a. Pertaining to discussion.

Dis*cuss"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. discussif.] 1. (Med.) Able or tending to discuss or disperse tumors or coagulated matter.

2. Doubt-dispelling; decisive. [R.]

> A kind of peremptory and discussive voice.

Hopkins.

Dis*cuss"ive, n. (Med.) A medicine that discusses or disperses morbid humors; a discutient.

Dis*cu"tient (?), a. [L. discutiens, p. pr. of discutere. See Discuss.] (Med.) Serving to disperse morbid matter; discussive; as, a discutient application. -- n. An agent (as a medicinal application) which serves to disperse morbid matter. "Foment with discutiens." Wiseman.

Dis*dain" (?; 277), n. [OE. desdain, disdein, OF. desdein, desdaing, F. dédain, fr. the verb. See Disdain, v. t.] 1. A feeling of contempt and aversion; the regarding anything as unworthy of or beneath one; scorn.

> How my soul is moved with just disdain!

Pope.

Often implying an idea of haughtiness.

> Disdain and scorn ride sparkling in her eyes.

Shak.

2. That which is worthy to be disdained or regarded with contempt and aversion. [Obs.]

> Most loathsome, filthy, foul, and full of vile disdain.

Spenser.

3. The state of being despised; shame. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Haughtiness; scorn; contempt; arrogance; pride. See Haughtiness.

Dis*dain" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disdained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disdaining.] [OE. disdainen, desdainen, OF. desdeigner, desdaigner, F. dédaigner; des- (L. dis-) + daigner to deign, fr. L. dignari to deem worthy. See Deign.] 1. To think unworthy; to deem unsuitable or unbecoming; as, to disdain to do a mean act.

> Disdaining . . . that any should bear the armor of the best knight living.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. To reject as unworthy of one's self, or as not deserving one's notice; to look with scorn upon; to scorn, as base acts, character, etc.

> When the Philistine . . . saw David, he disdained him; for he was but a youth.

1 Sam. xvii. 42.

> 'T is great, 't is manly to disdain disguise.

Young.

Syn. -- To contemn; despise; scorn. See Contemn.

Dis*dain", v. i. To be filled with scorn; to feel contemptuous anger; to be haughty.

> And when the chief priests and scribes saw the marvels that he did . . . they disdained.

Genevan Testament (Matt. xxi. 15).

Dis*dained" (?), a. Disdainful. [Obs.]

> Revenge the jeering and disdained contempt
> Of this proud king.

Shak.

Dis*dain"ful (?), a. Full of disdain; expressing disdain; scornful; contemptuous; haughty.

> From these
> Turning disdainful to an equal good.

Akenside.

-- Dis*dain"ful*ly, adv. -- Dis*dain"ful*ness, n.

Dis*dain"ish*ly, adv. Disdainfully. [Obs.] Vives.

Dis*dain"ous (?), a. [OF. desdeignos, desdaigneux, F. dédaigneux.] Disdainful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Dis*dain"ous*ly, adv. Disdainfully. [Obs.] Bale.

Dis*de"i*fy (?), v. t. To divest or deprive of deity or of a deific rank or condition. Feltham.

Dis*deign" (?), v. t. To disdain. [Obs.]

> Guyon much disdeigned so loathly sight.

Spenser.

Dis*di"a*clast (?), n. [Gr. di`s- twice + diakla^n to break in twain; dia` through + kla^n to break.] (Physiol.) One of the dark particles forming the doubly refracting disks of muscle fibers.

Dis*di`a*pa"son (?), n. [Pref. dis- (Gr. &?;) + diapason.] (Anc. Mus.) An interval of two octaves, or a fifteenth; -- called also bisdiapason.

Dis*ease" (?), n. [OE. disese, OF. desaise; des- (L. dis-) + aise ease. See Ease.] 1. Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet. [Obs.]

> So all that night they passed in great disease.

Spenser.

> To shield thee from diseases of the world.

Shak.

2. An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder; -- applied figuratively to the mind, to the moral character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.

> Diseases desperate grown,
> By desperate appliances are relieved.

Shak.

> The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public counsels have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have every where perished.

Madison.

Disease germ. See under Germ.

Syn. -- Distemper; ailing; ailment; malady; disorder; sickness; illness; complaint; indisposition; affection. -- Disease, Disorder, Distemper, Malady, Affection. Disease is the leading medical term. Disorder mean&?; much the same, with perhaps some slight reference to an irregularity of the system. Distemper is now used by physicians only of the diseases of animals. Malady is not a medical term, and is less used than formerly in literature. Affection has special reference to the part, organ, or function disturbed; as, his disease is an affection of the lungs. A disease is usually deep- seated and permanent, or at least prolonged; a disorder is often slight, partial, and temporary; malady has less of a technical sense than the other terms, and refers more especially to the suffering endured. In a figurative sense we speak of a disease mind, of disordered faculties, and of mental maladies.

Dis*ease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diseased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diseasing.] 1. To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress. [Obs.]

> His double burden did him sore disease.

Spenser.

2. To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease or sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in the participle diseased.

> He was diseased in body and mind.

Macaulay.

Dis*eased" (?), a. Afflicted with disease.

> It is my own diseased imagination that torments me.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- See Morbid.

Dis*eas"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being diseased; a morbid state; sickness. [R.] T. Burnet.

Dis*ease"ful (?), a. 1. Causing uneasiness. [Obs.]

> Disgraceful to the king and diseaseful to the people.

Bacon.

2. Abounding with disease; producing diseases; as, a diseaseful climate. [R.]

Dis*ease"ful*ness, n. The quality of being diseaseful; trouble; trial. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

Dis*ease"ment (?), n. Uneasiness; inconvenience. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*edge" (?), v. t. To deprive of an edge; to blunt; to dull.

> Served a little to disedge
> The sharpness of that pain about her heart.

Tennyson.

Dis*ed"i*fy (?), v. t. To fail of edifying; to injure. [R.]

Dis*eld"er (?), v. t. To deprive of an elder or elders, or of the office of an elder. [Obs.] Fuller.

Di*sel"e*nide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + selenide.] (Chem.) A selenide containing two atoms of selenium in each molecule.

Dis`em*bark" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembarking.] [Pref. dis- + embark: cf. F. désembarquer.] To remove from on board a vessel; to put on shore; to land; to debark; as, the general disembarked the troops.

<! p. 424 !>

> Go to the bay, and disembark my coffers.

Shak.

Dis`em*bark" (?), v. i. To go ashore out of a ship or boat; to leave a ship; to debark.

> And, making fast their moorings, disembarked.

Cowper.

Dis*em`bar*ka"tion (?), n. The act of disembarking.

Dis`em*bark"ment (?), n. Disembarkation. [R.]

Dis`em*bar"rass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembarrassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembarrassing.] [Pref. dis- + embarrass: cf. F. désembarasser.] To free from embarrassment, or perplexity; to clear; to extricate.

> To disembarrass himself of his companion.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis`em*bar"rass*ment (?), n. Freedom or relief from impediment or perplexity.

Dis`em*bay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembaying.] [Pref. dis- + embay.] To clear from a bay. Sherburne.

Dis`em*bel"lish (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + embellish: cf. F. désembellir.] To deprive of embellishment; to disadorn. Carlyle.

Dis`em*bit"ter (?), v. t. To free from

Dis`em*bod"ied (?), a. Divested of a body; ceased to be corporal; incorporeal.

> The disembodied spirits of the dead.

Bryant.

Dis`em*bod"i*ment (?), n. The act of disembodying, or the state of being disembodied.

Dis`em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembodying.] 1. To divest of the body or corporeal existence.

> Devils embodied and disembodied.

Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mil.) To disarm and disband, as a body of soldiers. Wilhelm.

Dis`em*bogue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disemboguing.] [Sp. desembocar; pref. des- (L. dis-) + embocar to put into the mouth, fr. en (L. in) + boca mouth, fr. L. bucca cheek. Cf. Debouch, Embogue.] 1. To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent; to discharge into an ocean, a lake, etc.

> Rolling down, the steep Timavus raves,
> And through nine channels disembogues his waves.

Addison.

2. To eject; to cast forth. [R.] Swift.

Dis`em*bogue", v. i. To become discharged; to flow out; to find vent; to pour out contents.

> Volcanos bellow ere they disembogue.

Young.

Dis`em*bogue"ment (?), n. The act of disemboguing; discharge. Mease.

Dis`em*bos"som (?), v. t. To separate from the bosom. [R.] Young.

Dis`em*bow"el (ds`m*bou"l), v. t. [See Embowel.] 1. To take or let out the bowels or interior parts of; to eviscerate.

> Soon after their death, they are disemboweled.

Cook.

> Roaring floods and cataracts that sweep
> From disemboweled earth the virgin gold.

Thomson.

2. To take or draw from the body, as the web of a spider. [R.] "Her disemboweled web." J. Philips.

Dis`em*bow"el*ment (?), n. The act of disemboweling, or state of being disemboweled; evisceration.

Dis`em*bow"ered (?), a. Deprived of, or removed from, a bower. [Poetic] Bryant.

Dis`em*bran"gle (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + em = en (L. in) + brangle.] To free from wrangling or litigation. [Obs.] Berkeley.

Dis`em*broil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembroiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembroiling.] [Pref. dis- + embroil.] To disentangle; to free from perplexity; to extricate from confusion.

> Vaillant has disembroiled a history that was lost to the world before his time.

Addison.

Dis`em*ploy" (?), v. t. To throw out of employment. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Dis`em*ploy"ment (?), n. The state of being disemployed, or deprived of employment.

> This glut of leisure and disemployment.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis`em*pow"er (?), v. t. To deprive of power; to divest of strength. H. Bushnell.

Dis`en*a"ble (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + enable.] To disable; to disqualify.

> The sight of it might damp me and disenable me to speak.

State Trials (1640).

Dis`en*am"or (?), v. t. To free from the captivity of love. Shelton.

Dis`en*chained" (?), a. Freed from restraint; unrestrained. [Archaic] E. A. Poe.

Dis`en*chant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disenchanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disenchanting.] [Pref. dis- + enchant: cf. F. désenchanter.] To free from enchantment; to deliver from the power of charms or spells; to free from fascination or delusion.

> Haste to thy work; a noble stroke or two
> Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove.

Dryden.

Dis`en*chant"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disenchants.

Dis`en*chant"ment (?), n. [Pref. dis- + enchantment: cf. F. désenchantement.] The act of disenchanting, or state of being disenchanted. Shelton.

Dis`en*charm" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + charm.] To free from the influence of a charm or spell; to disenchant. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Dis`en*close (?), v. t. See Disinclose.

Dis`en*cour"age*ment (?), n. Discouragement. [Obs.] Spectator.

Dis`en*crese" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- + OE. encrese, E. increase.] To decrease. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis`en*crese", n. Decrease. [Obs.]

Dis`en*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disencumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disencumbering.] [Pref. dis- + encumber: cf. F. désencombrer.] To free from encumbrance, or from anything which clogs, impedes, or obstructs; to disburden. Owen.

> I have disencumbered myself from rhyme.

Dryden.

Dis`en*cum"brance (?), n. Freedom or deliverance from encumbrance, or anything burdensome or troublesome. Spectator.

Dis`en*dow" (?), v. t. To deprive of an endowment, as a church. Gladstone.

Dis`en*dow"ment (?), n. The act of depriving of an endowment or endowments.

> [The] disendowment of the Irish Church.

G. B. Smith.

Dis`en*fran"chise (?), v. t. To disfranchise; to deprive of the rights of a citizen. -- Dis`en*fran"chise*ment (#), n.

Dis`en*gage" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disengaged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Disengaging.] [Pref. dis- + engage: cf. F. désengager.] To release from that with which anything is engaged, engrossed, involved, or entangled; to extricate; to detach; to set free; to liberate; to clear; as, to disengage one from a party, from broils and controversies, from an oath, promise, or occupation; to disengage the affections a favorite pursuit, the mind from study.

> To disengage him and the kingdom, great sums were to be borrowed.

Milton.

> Caloric and light must be disengaged during the process.

Transl. of Lavoisier.

Syn. -- To liberate; free; loose; extricate; clear; disentangle; detach; withdraw; wean.

Dis`en*gage", v. i. To release one's self; to become detached; to free one's self.

> From a friends's grave how soon we disengage!

Young.

Dis`en*gaged" (?), a. Not engaged; free from engagement; at leisure; free from occupation or care; vacant. -- Dis`en*ga"ged*ness (#), n.

Dis`en*gage"ment (?), n. [Pref. dis- + engagement: cf. F. désengagement.] 1. The act of disengaging or setting free, or the state of being disengaged.

> It is easy to render this disengagement of caloric and light evident to the senses.

Transl. of Lavoisier.

> A disengagement from earthly trammels.

Sir W. Jones.

2. Freedom from engrossing occupation; leisure.

> Disengagement is absolutely necessary to enjoyment.

Bp. Butler.

Dis`en*ga"ging (?), a. Loosing; setting free; detaching.

Disengaging machinery. See under Engaging.

Dis`en*no"ble (?), v. t. To deprive of that which ennobles; to degrade.

> An unworthy behavior degrades and disennobles a man.

Guardian.

Dis`en*roll" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disenrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disenrolling.] To erase from a roll or list. [Written also disenrol.] Donne.

Dis`en*san"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + sanity.] Insanity; folly. [Obs.]

> What tediosity and disensanity
> Is here among!

Beau. & Fl.

Dis`en*shroud"ed (?), a. Freed from a shroudlike covering; unveiled.

> The disenshrouded statue.

R. Browning.

Dis`en*slave" (?), v. t. To free from bondage or slavery; to disenthrall.

> He shall disenslave and redeem his soul.

South.

Dis`en*tail" (?), v. t. (Law) To free from entailment.

Dis`en*tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disentangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disentangling (?).] 1. To free from entanglement; to release from a condition of being intricately and confusedly involved or interlaced; to reduce to orderly arrangement; to straighten out; as, to disentangle a skein of yarn.

2. To extricate from complication and perplexity; disengage from embarrassing connection or intermixture; to disembroil; to set free; to separate.

> To disentangle truth from error.

Stewart.

> To extricate and disentangle themselves out of this labyrinth.

Clarendon.

> A mind free and disentangled from all corporeal mixtures.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn. -- To loose; extricate; disembarrass; disembroil; clear; evolve; disengage; separate; detach.

Dis`en*tan"gle*ment (?), n. The act of disentangling or clearing from difficulties. Warton.

Dis`en*ter" (?), v. t. See Disinter.

Dis`en*thrall" (?), v. t. [See Enthrall.] To release from thralldom or slavery; to give freedom to; to disinthrall. [Written also disenthral.] Milton.

Dis`en*thrall"ment (?), n. Liberation from bondage; emancipation; disinthrallment. [Written also disenthralment.]

Dis`en*throne" (?), v. t. To dethrone; to depose from sovereign authority. Milton.

Dis`en*ti"tle (?), v. t. To deprive of title or claim.

> Every ordinary offense does not disentitle a son to the love of his father.

South.

Dis`en*tomb" (?), v. t. To take out from a tomb; a disinter.

Dis`en*trail" (?), v. t. To disembowel; to let out or draw forth, as the entrails. [Obs.]

> As if he thought her soul to disentrail.

Spenser.

Dis`en*trance" (?), v. t. To awaken from a trance or an enchantment. Hudibras.

Dis`en*twine" (?), v. t. To free from being entwined or twisted. Shelley.

Di*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. di- + sepalous.] (Bot.) Having two sepals; two- sepaled.

Dis*ert" (?), a. [L. disertus, for dissertus, p. p.: cf. F. disert. See Dissert.] Eloquent. [Obs.]

Dis*er"ti*tude (?), n. [L. disertitud&?;.] Eloquence. [Obs.]

Dis*ert"y (?), adv. Expressly; clearly; eloquently. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis`es*pouse" (?), v. t. To release from espousal or plighted faith. [Poetic] Milton.

Dis`es*tab"lish (?), v. t. To unsettle; to break up (anything established); to deprive, as a church, of its connection with the state. M. Arnold.

Dis`es*tab"lish*ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of unsettling or breaking up that which has been established; specifically, the withdrawal of the support of the state from an established church; as, the disestablishment and disendowment of the Irish Church by Act of Parliament.

2. The condition of being disestablished.

Dis`es*teem" (?), n. Want of esteem; low estimation, inclining to dislike; disfavor; disrepute.

> Disesteem and contempt of the public affairs.

Milton.

Dis`es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disesteemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disesteeming.] 1. To feel an absence of esteem for; to regard with disfavor or slight contempt; to slight.

> But if this sacred gift you disesteem.

Denham.

> Qualities which society does not disesteem.

Ld. Lytton.

2. To deprive of esteem; to bring into disrepute; to cause to be regarded with disfavor. [Obs.]

> What fables have you vexed, what truth redeemed,
> Antiquities searched, opinions disesteemed?

B. Jonson.

Dis`es*teem"er (?), n. One who disesteems. Boyle.

Dis*es`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Disesteem.

Dis*ex"er*cise (?), v. t. To deprive of exercise; to leave untrained. [Obs.]

> By disexercising and blunting our abilities.

Milton.

Dis*fame" (?), n. Disrepute. [R.] Tennyson.

Dis*fan"cy (?), v. t. To dislike. [Obs.]

Dis*fash"ion (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + fashion. See Fashion, and cf. Defeat.] To disfigure. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Dis*fa"vor (?), n. [Pref. dis- + favor: cf. OF. disfaveur, F. défaveur.] [Written also disfavour.] 1. Want of favor of favorable regard; disesteem; disregard.

> The people that deserved my disfavor.

Is. x. 6 (1551).

> Sentiment of disfavor against its ally.

Gladstone.

2. The state of not being in favor; a being under the displeasure of some one; state of unacceptableness; as, to be in disfavor at court.

3. An unkindness; a disobliging act.

> He might dispense favors and disfavors.

Clarendon.

Dis*fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disfavoring.] 1. To withhold or withdraw favor from; to regard with disesteem; to show disapprobation of; to discountenance.

> Countenanced or disfavored according as they obey.

Swift.

2. To injure the form or looks of. [R.] B. Jonson.

Dis*fa"vor*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. défavorable.] Unfavorable. [Obs.] Stow.

Dis*fa"vor*a*bly, adv. Unpropitiously. [Obs.]

Dis*fa"vor*er (?), n. One who disfavors. Bacon.

Dis*fea"ture (?; 135), v. t. [Cf. Defeature.] To deprive of features; to mar the features of. [R.]

Dis*fel"low*ship (?), v. t. [See Fellowship, v. t.] To exclude from fellowship; to refuse intercourse with, as an associate.

> An attempt to disfellowship an evil, but to fellowship the evildoer.

Freewill Bapt. Quart.

Dis*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [See Disfigure, and cf. Defiguration.] The act of disfiguring, or the state of being disfigured; defacement; deformity; disfigurement. Gauden.

Dis*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disfiguring.] [OF. desfigurer, F. défigurer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + figurer to fashion, shape, fr. L. figurare, fr. figura figure. See Figure, and cf. Defiguration.] To mar the figure of; to render less complete, perfect, or beautiful in appearance; to deface; to deform.

> Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own.

Milton.

Syn. -- To deface; deform; mar; injure.

Dis*fig"ure, n. Disfigurement; deformity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*fig"ure*ment (?), n. 1. Act of disfiguring, or state of being disfigured; deformity. Milton.

2. That which disfigures; a defacement; a blot.

> Uncommon expressions . . . are a disfigurement rather than any embellishment of discourse.

Hume.

Dis*fig"ur*er (?), n. One who disfigures.

Dis*flesh" (?), v. t. To reduce the flesh or obesity of. [Obs.] Shelton.

Dis*for"est (?), v. t. 1. To disafforest. Fuller.

2. To clear or deprive of forests or trees.

Dis*for`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act of clearing land of forests. Daniel.

Dis*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. Deformity.] Discordance or diversity of form; unlikeness in form.

> Uniformity or disformity in comparing together the respective figures of bodies.

S. Clarke.

Dis*fran"chise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfranchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disfranchising.] [Cf. Diffranchise.] To deprive of a franchise or chartered right; to dispossess of the rights of a citizen, or of a particular privilege, as of voting, holding office, etc.

> Sir William Fitzwilliam was disfranchised.

Fabyan (1509).

> He was partially disfranchised so as to be made incapable of taking part in public affairs.

Thirlwall.

Dis*fran"chise*ment (?), n. The act of disfranchising, or the state of being disfranchised; deprivation of privileges of citizenship or of chartered immunities.

> Sentenced first to dismission from the court, and then to disfranchisement and expulsion from the colony.

Palfrey.

<! p. 425 !>

Dis*fri"ar (ds*fr"r), v. t. To depose or withdraw from the condition of a friar. [Obs.]

> Many did quickly unnun and disfriar themselves.

Fuller.

Dis*frock" (ds*frk"), v. t. To unfrock.

Dis*fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfurnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disfurnishing.] [Pref. dis- + furnish.] To deprive of that with which anything is furnished (furniture, equipments, etc.); to strip; to render destitute; to divest.

> I am a thing obscure, disfurnished of
> All merit, that can raise me higher.

Massinger.

Dis*fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished. Daniel.

Dis*fur"ni*ture (?; 135), n. The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished. [Obs.]

Dis*fur"ni*ture, v. t. To disfurnish. [R.] East.

Dis*gage" (?), v. t. To free from a gage or pledge; to disengage. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*gal"lant (?), v. t. To deprive of gallantry. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Dis*gar"land (?), v. t. To strip of a garland. [Poetic] "Thy locks disgarland." Drummond.

Dis*gar"nish (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + garnish. See Degarnish.] To divest of garniture; to disfurnish; to dismantle. Bp. Hall.

Dis*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To deprive of a garrison. Hewyt.

Dis*gav"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgaveled (?) or Disgaveled; p. pr. & vb. n. Disgaveling.] [See Gavelkind.] (Eng. Law) To deprive of that principal quality of gavelkind tenure by which lands descend equally among all the sons of the tenant; -- said of lands. Burrill.

Dis*gest" (?), v. t. To digest. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*ges"tion (?; 106), n. Digestion. [Obs.]

Dis*glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disglorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disglorifying.] To deprive of glory; to treat with indignity. [R.]

> Disglorified, blasphemed, and had in scorn.

Milton.

Dis*glo"ry (?), n. Dishonor. [Obs.]

> To the disglory of God's name.

Northbrooke.

Dis*gorge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disgorging.] [F. dégorger, earlier desgorger; pref. dé-, des- (L. dis- ) + gorge. See Gorge.] 1. To eject or discharge by the throat and mouth; to vomit; to pour forth or throw out with violence, as if from the mouth; to discharge violently or in great quantities from a confined place.

> This mountain when it rageth, . . . casteth forth huge stones, disgorgeth brimstone.

Hakluyt.

> They loudly laughed
> To see his heaving breast disgorge the briny draught.

Dryden.

2. To give up unwillingly as what one has wrongfully seized and appropriated; to make restitution of; to surrender; as, he was compelled to disgorge his ill-gotten gains.

Dis*gorge", v. i. To vomit forth what anything contains; to discharge; to make restitution.

> See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths
> Into the sea.

Milton.

Dis*gorge"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. dégorgement.] The act of disgorging; a vomiting; that which is disgorged. Bp. Hall.

Dis*gos"pel (?), v. i. To be inconsistent with, or act contrary to, the precepts of the gospel; to pervert the gospel. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis*grace" (?; 277), n. [F. disgrâce; pref. dis- (L. dis-) + grâce. See Grace.] 1. The condition of being out of favor; loss of favor, regard, or respect.

> Macduff lives in disgrace.

Shak.

2. The state of being dishonored, or covered with shame; dishonor; shame; ignominy.

> To tumble down thy husband and thyself
> From top of honor to disgrace's feet?

Shak.

3. That which brings dishonor; cause of shame or reproach; great discredit; as, vice is a disgrace to a rational being.

4. An act of unkindness; a disfavor. [Obs.]

> The interchange continually of favors and disgraces.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Disfavor; disesteem; opprobrium; reproach; discredit; disparagement; dishonor; shame; infamy; ignominy; humiliation.

Dis*grace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disgracing (?).] [Cf. F. disgracier. See Disgrace, n.] 1. To put out of favor; to dismiss with dishonor.

> Flatterers of the disgraced minister.

Macaulay.

> Pitt had been disgraced and the old Duke of Newcastle dismissed.

J. Morley.

2. To do disfavor to; to bring reproach or shame upon; to dishonor; to treat or cover with ignominy; to lower in estimation.

> Shall heap with honors him they now disgrace.

Pope.

> His ignorance disgraced him.

Johnson.

3. To treat discourteously; to upbraid; to revile.

> The goddess wroth gan foully her disgrace.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To degrade; humble; humiliate; abase; disparage; defame; dishonor; debase.

Dis*grace"ful (?), a. Bringing disgrace; causing shame; shameful; dishonorable; unbecoming; as, profaneness is disgraceful to a man. -- Dis*grace"ful*ly, adv. -- Dis*grace"ful*ness, n.

> The Senate have cast you forth disgracefully.

B. Jonson.

Dis*gra"cer (?), n. One who disgraces.

Dis*gra"cious (?), a. [Cf. F. disgracieux.] Wanting grace; unpleasing; disagreeable. Shak.

Dis*gra"cive (?), a. Disgracing. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis`gra*da"tion (?), n. (Scots Law) Degradation; a stripping of titles and honors.

Dis*grade" (?), v. t. To degrade. [Obs.] Foxe.

Dis*grad"u*ate (?; 135), v. t. To degrade; to reduce in rank. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Dis"gre*gate (?), v. t. [L. disgregare; dis- + gregare to collect, fr. grex, gregis, flock or herd.] To disperse; to scatter; -- opposite of congregate. [Obs.]

Dis`gre*ga"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of separation, or the condition of being separate, as of the molecules of a body.

Dis*grun"tle (?), v. t. To dissatisfy; to disaffect; to anger. [Colloq.]

Dis*guise" (?; 232), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disguised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disguising.] [OE. desguisen, disgisen, degisen, OF. desguisier, F. déguiser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + guise. See Guise.] 1. To change the guise or appearance of; especially, to conceal by an unusual dress, or one intended to mislead or deceive.

> Bunyan was forced to disguise himself as a wagoner.

Macaulay.

2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloak by a false show; to mask; as, to disguise anger; to disguise one's sentiments, character, or intentions.

> All God's angels come to us disguised.

Lowell.

3. To affect or change by liquor; to intoxicate.

> I have just left the right worshipful, and his myrmidons, about a sneaker of five gallons; the whole magistracy was pretty well disguised before I gave them the ship.

Spectator.

Syn. -- To conceal; hide; mask; dissemble; dissimulate; feign; pretend; secrete. See Conceal.

Dis*guise", n. 1. A dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception; as, persons doing unlawful acts in disguise are subject to heavy penalties.

> There is no passion which steals into the heart more imperceptibly and covers itself under more disguises, than pride.

Addison.

2. Artificial language or manner assumed for deception; false appearance; counterfeit semblance or show.

> That eye which glances through all disguises.

D. Webster.

3. Change of manner by drink; intoxication. Shak.

4. A masque or masquerade. [Obs.]

> Disguise was the old English word for a masque.

B. Jonson.

Dis*guis"ed*ly (?), adv. In disguise.

Dis*guis"ed*ness, n. The state of being disguised.

Dis*guise"ment (?), n. Disguise. [R.] Spenser.

Dis*guis"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, disguises. Shak.

2. One who wears a disguise; an actor in a masquerade; a masker. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Dis*guis"ing, n. A masque or masquerade. [Obs.]

Dis*gust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disgusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disgusting.] [OF. desgouster, F. dégoûter; pref. des- (L. dis-) + gouster to taste, F. goûter, fr. L. gustare, fr. gustus taste. See Gust to taste.] To provoke disgust or strong distaste in; to cause (any one) loathing, as of the stomach; to excite aversion in; to offend the moral taste of; -- often with at, with, or by.

> To disgust him with the world and its vanities.

Prescott.

> Ærius is expressly declared . . . to have been disgusted at failing.

J. H. Newman.

> Alarmed and disgusted by the proceedings of the convention.

Macaulay.

Dis*gust", n. [Cf. OF. desgoust, F. dégoût. See Disgust, v. t.] Repugnance to what is offensive; aversion or displeasure produced by something loathsome; loathing; strong distaste; -- said primarily of the sickening opposition felt for anything which offends the physical organs of taste; now rather of the analogous repugnance excited by anything extremely unpleasant to the moral taste or higher sensibilities of our nature; as, an act of cruelty may excite disgust.

> The manner of doing is more consequence than the thing done, and upon that depends the satisfaction or disgust wherewith it is received.

Locke.

> In a vulgar hack writer such oddities would have excited only disgust.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Nausea; loathing; aversion; distaste; dislike; disinclination; abomination. See Dislike.

Dis*gust"ful (?), a. Provoking disgust; offensive to the taste; exciting aversion; disgusting.

> That horrible and disgustful situation.

Burke.

Dis*gust"ful*ness, n. The state of being disgustful.

Dis*gust"ing, a. That causes disgust; sickening; offensive; revolting. -- Dis*gust"ing*ly, adv.

Dish (dsh), n. [AS. disc, L. discus dish, disc, quoit, fr. Gr. di`skos quoit, fr. dikei^n to throw. Cf. Dais, Desk, Disc, Discus.] 1. A vessel, as a platter, a plate, a bowl, used for serving up food at the table.

> She brought forth butter in a lordly dish.

Judg. v. 25.

2. The food served in a dish; hence, any particular kind of food; as, a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish. "A dish fit for the gods." Shak.
[1913 Webster]

> Home-home dishes that drive one from home.

Hood.

3. The state of being concave, or like a dish, or the degree of such concavity; as, the dish of a wheel.

4. A hollow place, as in a field. Ogilvie.

5. (Mining) (a) A trough about 28 inches long, 4 deep, and 6 wide, in which ore is measured. (b) That portion of the produce of a mine which is paid to the land owner or proprietor.

Dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dishing.] 1. To put in a dish, ready for the table.

2. To make concave, or depress in the middle, like a dish; as, to dish a wheel by inclining the spokes.

3. To frustrate; to beat; to ruin. [Low]

To dish out. 1. To serve out of a dish; to distribute in portions at table. 2. (Arch.) To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood. -- To dish up, to take (food) from the oven, pots, etc., and put in dishes to be served at table.

Dis`ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [Cf. Disability.] To disqualify. [R.]

Dis`ha*bille" (?), n. [See Deshabille.] An undress; a loose, negligent dress; deshabille.

> They breakfast in dishabille.

Smollett.

Dis*hab"it (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + habit to inhabit.] To dislodge. [Obs.]

> Those sleeping stones . . . from their fixed beds of lime
> Had been dishabited.

Shak.

Dis*hab"it*ed, p. a. Rendered uninhabited. "Dishabited towns." R. Carew.

Dis`ha*bit"u*ate (?; 135), v. t. To render unaccustomed.

Dis*ha"ble (?), v. t. 1. To disable. [Obs.]

2. To disparage. [Obs.]

> She oft him blamed . . . and him dishabled quite.

Spenser.

Dis*hal"low (?), v. t. To make unholy; to profane. Tennyson.

> Nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow the altar.

T. Adams.

Dis`har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. Unharmonious; discordant. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Dis*har"mo*ny (?), n. Want of harmony; discord; incongruity. [R.]

> A disharmony in the different impulses that constitute it [our nature].

Coleridge.

Dis*haunt" (?), v. t. To leave; to quit; to cease to haunt. Halliwell.

Dish"cloth` (?; 115), n. A cloth used for washing dishes.

Dish"clout` (?), n. A dishcloth. [Obsolescent]

Dis*heart" (?), v. t. To dishearten. [Obs.]

Dis*heart"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheartened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disheartening.] [Pref. dis- + hearten.] To discourage; to deprive of courage and hope; to depress the spirits of; to deject.

> Regiments . . . utterly disorganized and disheartened.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- To dispirit; discourage; depress; deject; deter; terrify.

Dis*heart"en*ment (?), n. Discouragement; dejection; depression of spirits.

Dis*heir" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disherit.] To disinherit. [Obs.] Dryden.

Dis*helm" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + helm helmet.] To deprive of the helmet. [Poetic]

> Lying stark,
> Dishelmed and mute, and motionlessly pale.

Tennyson.

Dis*her"i*son (?), n. [See Disherit.] The act of disheriting, or debarring from inheritance; disinhersion. Bp. Hall.

Dis*her"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disherited; p. pr. & vb. n. Disheriting.] [F. déshériter; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + hériter to inherit. See Inherit, and cf. Dusheir, Disinherit.] To disinherit; to cut off, or detain, from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*her"it*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. desheritance.] The act of disinheriting or state of being disinherited; disinheritance. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Dis*her"it*or (?), n. (Law) One who puts another out of his inheritance.

Di*shev"el (d*shv"'l or - l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheveled (?) or Dishevelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Disheveling or Dishevelling.] [OF. descheveler, F. décheveler, LL. discapillare; dis- + L. capillus the hair of the head. See Capillary.] 1. To suffer (the hair) to hang loosely or disorderly; to spread or throw (the hair) in disorder; -- used chiefly in the passive participle.

> With garments rent and hair disheveled,
> Wringing her hands and making piteous moan.

Spenser.

2. To spread loosely or disorderly.

> Like the fair flower disheveled in the wind.

Cowper.

Di*shev"el, v. i. To be spread in disorder or hang negligently, as the hair. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

Di*shev"ele (?), p. p. & a. Disheveled. [Obs.]

> Dishevele, save his cap, he rode all bare.

Chaucer.

Di*shev"eled (?), a. 1. Hanging in loose disorder; disarranged; as, disheveled hair.

2. Having the hair in loose disorder.

> The dancing maidens are disheveled Mænads.

J. A. Symonds.

dish"ful (?), n.; pl. dishfuls (&?;). As much as a dish holds when full.

Dish"ing, a. Dish-shaped; concave.

Dis*hon"est (?), a. [Pref. dis- + honest: cf. F. déshonnête, OF. deshoneste.] 1. Dishonorable; shameful; indecent; unchaste; lewd. [Obs.]

> Inglorious triumphs and dishonest scars.

Pope.

> Speak no foul or dishonest words before them [the women].

Sir T. North.

2. Dishonored; disgraced; disfigured. [Obs.]

> Dishonest with lopped arms the youth appears,
> Spoiled of his nose and shortened of his ears.

Dryden.

3. Wanting in honesty; void of integrity; faithless; disposed to cheat or defraud; not trustworthy; as, a dishonest man.

4. Characterized by fraud; indicating a want of probity; knavish; fraudulent; unjust.

> To get dishonest gain.

Ezek. xxii. 27.

> The dishonest profits of men in office.

Bancroft.

Dis*hon"est, v. t. [Cf. OF. deshonester.] To disgrace; to dishonor; as, to dishonest a maid. [Obs.]

> I will no longer dishonest my house.

Chapman.

Dis*hon"est*ly, adv. In a dishonest manner.

Dis*hon"es*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF. deshonesté, F. déshonnêteté.] 1. Dishonor; dishonorableness; shame. [Obs.] "The hidden things of dishonesty." 2 Cor. iv. 2.

2. Want of honesty, probity, or integrity in principle; want of fairness and straightforwardness; a disposition to defraud, deceive, or betray; faithlessness.

3. Violation of trust or of justice; fraud; any deviation from probity; a dishonest act.

4. Lewdness; unchastity. Shak.

<! p. 426 !>

Dis*hon"or (ds*n"r or dz-), n. [OE. deshonour, dishonour, OF. deshonor, deshonur, F. déshonneur; pref. des- (L. dis-) + honor, honur, F. honneur, fr. L. honor. See Honor.] [Written also dishonour.]

1. Lack of honor; disgrace; ignominy; shame; reproach.

> It was not meet for us to see the king's dishonor.

Ezra iv. 14.

> His honor rooted in dishonor stood.

Tennyson.

2. (Law) The nonpayment or nonacceptance of commercial paper by the party on whom it is drawn.

Syn. -- Disgrace; ignominy; shame; censure; reproach; opprobrium.

Dis*hon"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dishonored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dishonoring.] [OE. deshonouren, F. déshonorer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + honorer to honor, fr. L. honorare. See Honor, v. t.] [Written also dishonour.] 1. To deprive of honor; to disgrace; to bring reproach or shame on; to treat with indignity, or as unworthy in the sight of others; to stain the character of; to lessen the reputation of; as, the duelist dishonors himself to maintain his honor.

> Nothing . . . that may dishonor
> Our law, or stain my vow of Nazarite.

Milton.

2. To violate the chastity of; to debauch. Dryden.

3. To refuse or decline to accept or pay; -- said of a bill, check, note, or draft which is due or presented; as, to dishonor a bill exchange.

Syn. -- To disgrace; shame; debase; degrade; lower; humble; humiliate; debauch; pollute.

Dis*hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déshonorable.] 1. Wanting in honor; not honorable; bringing or deserving dishonor; staining the character, and lessening the reputation; shameful; disgraceful; base.

2. Wanting in honor or esteem; disesteemed.

> He that is dishonorable in riches, how much more in poverty!

Ecclus. x. 31.

> To find ourselves dishonorable graves.

Shak.

-- Dis*hon"or*a*ble*ness, n. -- Dis*hon"or*a*bly, adv.

Dis*hon"or*a*ry (?), a. Bringing dishonor on; tending to disgrace; lessening reputation. Holmes.

Dis*hon"or*er (?), n. One who dishonors or disgraces; one who treats another indignity. Milton.

Dis*horn" (?), v. t. To deprive of horns; as, to dishorn cattle. "Dishorn the spirit." Shak.

Dis*horse" (?), v. t. To dismount. Tennyson.

Dis*house" (?), v. t. To deprive of house or home. "Dishoused villagers." James White.

Dis*hu"mor (?), n. Ill humor. [Obs.]

Dis*hu"mor, v. t. To deprive of humor or desire; to put out of humor. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Dish"wash`er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, washes dishes.

2. (Zoöl.) A European bird; the wagtail.

Dish"wa`ter (?), n. Water in which dishes have been washed. "Suds and dishwater." Beau. & Fl.

Dis`il*lu"sion (?), n. The act or process of freeing from an illusion, or the state of being freed therefrom. Lowell.

Dis`il*lu"sion, v. t. To free from an illusion; to disillusionize.

Dis`il*lu"sion*ize (?), v. t. To disenchant; to free from illusion. "The bitter disillusionizing experience of postnuptial life." W. Black.

Dis`il*lu"sion*ment (?), n. The act of freeing from an illusion, or the state of being freed therefrom.

Dis`im*bit"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + imbitter. Cf. Disembitter.] To free from bitterness.

Dis`im*park" (?), v. t. To free from the barriers or restrictions of a park. [R.] Spectator.

Dis`im*pas"sioned (?), a. Free from warmth of passion or feeling.

Dis`im*prove" (?), v. t. To make worse; -- the opposite of improve. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Dis`im*prove", v. i. To grow worse; to deteriorate.

Dis`im*prove"ment (?), n. Reduction from a better to a worse state; as, disimprovement of the earth.

Dis`in*car"cer*ate (?), v. t. To liberate from prison. [R.] Harvey.

Dis*in`cli*na"tion (?), n. The state of being disinclined; want of propensity, desire, or affection; slight aversion or dislike; indisposition.

> Disappointment gave him a disinclination to the fair sex.

Arbuthnot.

> Having a disinclination to books or business.

Guardian.

Syn. -- Unwillingness; disaffection; alienation; dislike; indisposition; distaste; aversion; repugnance.

Dis`in*cline" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disinclining.] To incline away the affections of; to excite a slight aversion in; to indispose; to make unwilling; to alienate.

> Careful . . . to disincline them from any reverence or affection to the Queen.

Clarendon.

> To social scenes by nature disinclined.

Cowper.

Dis`in*close" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disenclose.] To free from being inclosed.

Dis`in*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disincorporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disincorporating (?).] 1. To deprive of corporate powers, rights, or privileges; to divest of the condition of a corporate body.

2. To detach or separate from a corporation. Bacon.

Dis`in*cor"po*rate (?), a. Separated from, or not included in, a corporation; disincorporated. Bacon.

Dis`in*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporation. T. Warton.

Dis`in*fect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinfected; p. pr. & vb. n. Disinfecting.] To free from infectious or contagious matter; to destroy putrefaction; to purify; to make innocuous.

> When the infectious matter and the infectious matter and the odoriferous matter are one . . . then to deodorize is to disinfect.

Ure.

Dis`in*fect"ant (?), n. That which disinfects; an agent for removing the causes of infection, as chlorine.

Dis`in*fec"tion (?), n. The act of disinfecting; purification from infecting matter.

Dis`in*fect"or (?), n. One who, or that which, disinfects; an apparatus for applying disinfectants.

Dis`in*flame" (?), v. t. To divest of flame or ardor. Chapman.

Dis*in`ge*nu"i*ty (?), n. Disingenuousness. [Obs.] Clarendon.

Dis`in*gen"u*ous (?), a. 1. Not noble; unbecoming true honor or dignity; mean; unworthy; as, disingenuous conduct or schemes.

2. Not ingenuous; wanting in noble candor or frankness; not frank or open; uncandid; unworthily or meanly artful.

> So disingenuous as not to confess them [faults].

Pope.

-- Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ly, adv. T. Warton. -- Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ness, n. Macaulay.

Dis`in*hab"it*ed (?), a. Uninhabited. [Obs.]

Dis`in*her"i*son (?), n. [See Disinherit, v. t., and cf. Disherison.] Same as Disherison. Bacon.

Dis`in*her"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinherited; p. pr. & vb. n. Disinheriting.] [Cf. Disherit, Disheir.] 1. To cut off from an inheritance or from hereditary succession; to prevent, as an heir, from coming into possession of any property or right, which, by law or custom, would devolve on him in the course of descent.

> Of how fair a portion Adam disinherited his whole posterity!

South.

2. To deprive of heritage; to dispossess.

> And disinherit Chaos, that reigns here.

Milton.

Dis`in*her"it*ance (?), n. The act of disinheriting, or the condition of being; disinherited; disherison.

Dis`in*hume" (?), v. t. To disinter. [R.]

Dis`in*sure" (?), v. t. To render insecure; to put in danger. [Obs.] Fanshawe.

Dis*in"te*gra*ble (?), a. Capable of being disintegrated, or reduced to fragments or powder.

> Argillo-calcite is readily disintegrable by exposure.

Kirwan.

Dis*in"te*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disintegrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Disintegrating.] [L. dis- + integratus, p. p. of integrare to renew, repair, fr. integer entire, whole. See Integer.] To separate into integrant parts; to reduce to fragments or to powder; to break up, or cause to fall to pieces, as a rock, by blows of a hammer, frost, rain, and other mechanical or atmospheric influences.

> Marlites are not disintegrated by exposure to the atmosphere, at least in six years.

Kirwan.

Dis*in"te*grate, v. i. To decompose into integrant parts; as, chalk rapidly disintegrates.

Dis*in`te*gra"tion (?), n. (a) The process by which anything is disintegrated; the condition of anything which is disintegrated. Specifically (b) (Geol.) The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.

> Society had need of further disintegration before it could begin to reconstruct itself locally.

Motley.

Dis*in"te*gra`tor (?), n. (Mech.) A machine for grinding or pulverizing by percussion.

Dis`in*ter" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinterred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disinterring.] 1. To take out of the grave or tomb; to unbury; to exhume; to dig up.

2. To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from obscurity into view. Addison.

Dis*in"ter*ess (?), v. t. [F. désintéresser to deprive of interest in; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + intéresser to interest, fr. L. interesse to import, concern. See Interest, and cf. Disinterest.] To deprive or rid of interest in, or regard for; to disengage. [Obs.]

Dis*in"ter*ess*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. désintéressement.] Disinterestedness; impartiality; fairness. [Obs.] Prior.

Dis*in"ter*est (?), p. a. Disinterested. [Obs.]

> The measures they shall walk by shall be disinterest and even.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis*in"ter*est, n. 1. What is contrary to interest or advantage; disadvantage. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. Indifference to profit; want of regard to private advantage; disinterestedness. [Obs.] Johnson.

Dis*in"ter*est, v. t. To divest of interest or interested motives. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis*in"ter*est*ed, a. [Cf. Disinteressed.] Not influenced by regard to personal interest or advantage; free from selfish motive; having no relation of interest or feeling; not biased or prejudiced; as, a disinterested decision or judge.

> The happiness of disinterested sacrifices.

Channing.

Syn. -- Unbiased; impartial; uninterested; indifferent.

Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ly, adv. In a disinterested manner; without bias or prejudice.

Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being disinterested; impartiality.

> That perfect disinterestedness and self- devotion of which man seems to be incapable, but which is sometimes found in woman.

Macaulay.

Dis*in"ter*est*ing, a. Uninteresting. [Obs.] "Disinteresting passages." Bp. Warburton.

Dis`in*ter"ment (?), n. The act of disinterring, or taking out of the earth; exhumation.

Dis`in*thrall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinthralled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disinthralling.] [Pref. dis- + inthrall. Cf. Disenthrall.] To free from thralldom; to disenthrall. [Written also disinthral.]

Dis`in*thrall"ment (?), n. A releasing from thralldom or slavery; disenthrallment. [Written also disinthralment.]

Dis*in"tri*cate (?), v. t. To disentangle. [R.] "To disintricate the question." Sir W. Hamilton.

Dis`in*ure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disinured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disinuring.] [Pref. dis- + inure.] To render unaccustomed or unfamiliar.

> We are hindered and disinured . . . towards the true knowledge.

Milton.

Dis`in*ves"ti*ture (?; 135), n. The act of depriving of investiture. [Obs.] Ogilvie.

Dis`in*vig"or*ate (?), v. t. To enervate; to weaken. [R.] Sydney Smith.

Dis`in*volve" (?), v. t. To uncover; to unfold or unroll; to disentangle. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Dis*jec"tion (?), n. [L. disjicere, disjectum, to throw asunder, disperse; dis- + jacere to throw.] Destruction; dispersion. Bp. Horsley.

Dis*join" (ds*join"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disjoined (-joind"); p. pr. & vb. n. Disjoining.] [OF. desjoindre, F. disjoindre, déjoindre, fr. L. disjungere; dis- + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Disjoint, Disjunct.] To part; to disunite; to separate; to sunder.

> That marriage, therefore, God himself disjoins.

Milton.

> Never let us lay down our arms against France, till we have utterly disjoined her from the Spanish monarchy.

Addison.

> Windmill Street consisted of disjoined houses.

Pennant.

Syn. -- To disunite; separate; detach; sever; dissever; sunder; disconnect.

Dis*join", v. i. To become separated; to part.

Dis*joint" (?), a. [OF. desjoint, p. p. of desjoindre. See Disjoin.] Disjointed; unconnected; -- opposed to conjoint. Milton.

Dis*joint", n. [From OF. desjoint, p. p. of desjoindre. See Disjoint, v. t.] Difficult situation; dilemma; strait. [Obs.] "I stand in such disjoint." Chaucer.

Dis*joint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disjointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Disjointing.] 1. To separate the joints of; to separate, as parts united by joints; to put out of joint; to force out of its socket; to dislocate; as, to disjoint limbs; to disjoint bones; to disjoint a fowl in carving.

> Yet what could swords or poisons, racks or flame,
> But mangle and disjoint the brittle frame?

Prior.

2. To separate at junctures or joints; to break where parts are united; to break in pieces; as, disjointed columns; to disjoint an edifice.

> Some half-ruined wall
> Disjointed and about to fall.

Longfellow.

3. To break the natural order and relations of; to make incoherent; as, a disjointed speech.

Dis*joint", v. i. To fall in pieces. Shak.

Dis*joint"ed, a. Separated at the joints; disconnected; incoherent. -- Dis*joint"ed*ly, adv. -- Dis*joint"ed*ness, n.

Dis*joint"ly, adv. In a disjointed state. Sandys.

Dis*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n. Judgment; discrimination. See Dijudication. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dis*junct" (ds*jkt"), a. [L. disjunctus, p. p. of disjungere to disjoin. See Disjoin, and cf. Disjoint.] 1. Disjoined; separated. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.) Having the head, thorax, and abdomen separated by a deep constriction.

Disjunct tetrachords (Mus.), tetrachords so disposed to each other that the gravest note of the upper is one note higher than the acutest note of the other.

Dis*junc"tion (?), n. [L. disjunctio.] 1. The act of disjoining; disunion; separation; a parting; as, the disjunction of soul and body.

2. A disjunctive proposition. Coleridge.

Dis*junc"tive (?), a. [L. disjunctivus: cf. F. disjonctif.] 1. Tending to disjoin; separating; disjoining.

2. (Mus.) Pertaining to disjunct tetrachords. "Disjunctive notes." Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Disjunctive conjunction (Gram.), one connecting grammatically two words or clauses, expressing at the same time an opposition or separation inherent in the notions or thoughts; as, either, or, neither, nor, but, although, except, lest, etc. -- Disjunctive proposition, one in which the parts are connected by disjunctive conjunctions; as it is either day or night. -- Disjunctive syllogism (Logic), one in which the major proposition is disjunctive; as, the earth moves in a circle or an ellipse; but in does not move in a circle, therefore it moves in an ellipse.

Dis*junc"tive, n. (a) (Gram.) A disjunctive conjunction. (b) (Logic) A disjunctive proposition.

Dis*junc"tive*ly, adv. In a disjunctive manner; separately. Dr. H. More.

Dis*junc"ture (?; 135), n. The act of disjoining, or state of being disjoined; separation. Fuller.

Disk (dsk), n. [L. discus, Gr. di`skos. See Dish.] [Written also disc.] 1. A discus; a quoit.

> Some whirl the disk, and some the javelin dart.

Pope.

2. A flat, circular plate; as, a disk of metal or paper.

3. (Astron.) The circular figure of a celestial body, as seen projected of the heavens.

4. (Biol.) A circular structure either in plants or animals; as, a blood disk; germinal disk, etc.

5. (Bot.) (a) The whole surface of a leaf. (b) The central part of a radiate compound flower, as in sunflower. (c) A part of the receptacle enlarged or expanded under, or around, or even on top of, the pistil.

6. (Zoöl.) (a) The anterior surface or oral area of cœlenterate animals, as of sea anemones. (b) The lower side of the body of some invertebrates, especially when used for locomotion, when it is often called a creeping disk. (c) In owls, the space around the eyes.

Disk engine, a form of rotary steam engine. -- Disk shell (Zoöl.), any species of Discina.

Dis*kind"ness (?), n. Unkindness; disservice. [R.] A. Tucker.

Disk"less (?), a. Having no disk; appearing as a point and not expanded into a disk, as the image of a faint star in a telescope.

Dis*lade" (?), v. t. To unlade. [Obs.] Heywood.

Dis*leal" (?), a. [See Disloyal, Leal.] Disloyal; perfidious. [Obs.] "Disleal knight." Spenser.

<! p. 427 !>

Dis*leave" (?), v. t. To deprive of leaves. [R.]

> The cankerworms that annually that disleaved the elms.

Lowell.

Dis*like" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disliked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disliking.] 1. To regard with dislike or aversion; to disapprove; to disrelish.

> Every nation dislikes an impost.

Johnson.

2. To awaken dislike in; to displease. "Disliking countenance." Marston. "It dislikes me." Shak.

Dis*like", n. 1. A feeling of positive and usually permanent aversion to something unpleasant, uncongenial, or offensive; disapprobation; repugnance; displeasure; disfavor; -- the opposite of liking or fondness.

> God's grace . . . gives him continual dislike to sin.

Hammond.

> The hint malevolent, the look oblique,
> The obvious satire, or implied dislike.

Hannah More.

> We have spoken of the dislike of these excellent women for Sheridan and Fox.

J. Morley.

> His dislike of a particular kind of sensational stories.

A. W. Ward.

2. Discord; dissension. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Syn. -- Distaste; disinclination; disapprobation; disfavor; disaffection; displeasure; disrelish; aversion; reluctance; repugnance; disgust; antipathy. -- Dislike, Aversion, Reluctance, Repugnance, Disgust, Antipathy. Dislike is the more general term, applicable to both persons and things and arising either from feeling or judgment. It may mean little more than want of positive liking; but antipathy, repugnance, disgust, and aversion are more intense phases of dislike. Aversion denotes a fixed and habitual dislike; as, an aversion to or for business. Reluctance and repugnance denote a mental strife or hostility something proposed (repugnance being the stronger); as, a reluctance to make the necessary sacrifices, and a repugnance to the submission required. Disgust is repugnance either of taste or moral feeling; as, a disgust at gross exhibitions of selfishness. Antipathy is primarily an instinctive feeling of dislike of a thing, such as most persons feel for a snake. When used figuratively, it denotes a correspondent dislike for certain persons, modes of acting, etc. Men have an aversion to what breaks in upon their habits; a reluctance and repugnance to what crosses their will; a disgust at what offends their sensibilities; and are often governed by antipathies for which they can give no good reason.

Dis*like"ful (?), a. Full of dislike; disaffected; malign; disagreeable. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*like"li*hood (?), n. The want of likelihood; improbability. Sir W. Scott.

Dis*lik"en (?), v. t. To make unlike; to disguise. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*like"ness, n. Unlikeness. [R.] Locke.

Dis*lik"er (?), n. One who dislikes or disrelishes.

Dis*limb" (?), v. t. To tear limb from limb; to dismember. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dis*limn" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + limn.] To efface, as a picture. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*link" (?), v. t. To unlink; to disunite; to separate. [R.] Tennyson.

Dis*live" (?), v. t. To deprive of life. [Obs.]

> Telemachus dislived Amphimedon.

Chapman.

Dis"lo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dislocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dislocating (?).] [LL. dislocatus, p. p. of dislocare; dis- + locare to place, fr. locus place. See Locus.] To displace; to put out of its proper place. Especially, of a bone: To remove from its normal connections with a neighboring bone; to put out of joint; to move from its socket; to disjoint; as, to dislocate your bones. Shak.

> After some time the strata on all sides of the globe were dislocated.

Woodward.

> And thus the archbishop's see, dislocated or out of joint for a time, was by the hands of his holiness set right again.

Fuller.

Dis"lo*cate (?), a. [LL. dislocatus, p. p.] Dislocated. Montgomery.

Dis`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dislocation.] 1. The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced. T. Burnet.

2. (Geol.) The displacement of parts of rocks or portions of strata from the situation which they originally occupied. Slips, faults, and the like, are dislocations.

3. (Surg.) The act of dislocating, or putting out of joint; also, the condition of being thus displaced.

Dis*lodge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dislodged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dislodging.] [OF. deslogier, F. déloger; pref. des- (L. dis-) + OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge.] 1. To drive from a lodge or place of rest; to remove from a place of quiet or repose; as, shells resting in the sea at a considerate depth are not dislodged by storms.

2. To drive out from a place of hiding or defense; as, to dislodge a deer, or an enemy.

> The Volscians are dislodg'd.

Shak.

Dis*lodge", v. i. To go from a place of rest. [R.]

> Where Light and Darkness in perpetual round
> Lodge and dislodge by turns.

Milton.

Dis*lodge", n. Dwelling apart; separation. [R.]

Dis*lodg"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. délogement, OF. deslogement.] The act or process of dislodging, or the state of being dislodged.

Dis*loign" (?), v. t. [OF. desloignier. See Eloign.] To put at a distance; to remove. [Obs.]

> Low-looking dales, disloigned from common gaze.

Spenser.

Dis*loy"al (?), a. [Pref. dis- + loyal: cf. OF. desloial, desleal, F. déloyal. See Loyal.] Not loyal; not true to a sovereign or lawful superior, or to the government under which one lives; false where allegiance is due; faithless; as, a subject disloyal to the king; a husband disloyal to his wife.

> Without a thought disloyal.

Mrs. Browning.

Syn. -- Disobedient; faithless; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; dishonest; inconstant; disaffected.

Dis*loy"al*ly, adv. In a disloyal manner.

Dis*loy"al*ty (?), n. [Pref. dis- + loyalty: cf. OF. desloiauté, deslealté, F. déloyauté.] Want of loyalty; lack of fidelity; violation of allegiance.

Dis*mail" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + mail: cf. OF. desmaillier.] To divest of coat of mail. Spenser.

Dis"mal (?), a. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phrase dismal day properly meaning, the day when tithes must be paid. See Dime.] 1. Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Obs.]

> An ugly fiend more foul than dismal day.

Spenser.

2. Gloomy to the eye or ear; sorrowful and depressing to the feelings; foreboding; cheerless; dull; dreary; as, a dismal outlook; dismal stories; a dismal place.

> Full well the busy whisper, circling round,
> Convey'd the dismal tidings when he frowned.

Goldsmith.

> A dismal description of an English November.

Southey.

Syn. -- Dreary; lonesome; gloomy; dark; ominous; ill- boding; fatal; doleful; lugubrious; funereal; dolorous; calamitous; sorrowful; sad; joyless; melancholy; unfortunate; unhappy.

Dis"mal*ly, adv. In a dismal manner; gloomily; sorrowfully; uncomfortably.

Dis"mal*ness, n. The quality of being dismal; gloominess.

Dis*man" (?), v. t. To unman. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis*man"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismantled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dismantling (?).] [F. démanteler, OF. desmanteler; pref: des- (L. dis-) + manteler to cover with a cloak, defend, fr. mantel, F. manteau, cloak. See Mantle.] 1. To strip or deprive of dress; to divest.

2. To strip of furniture and equipments, guns, etc.; to unrig; to strip of walls or outworks; to break down; as, to dismantle a fort, a town, or a ship.

> A dismantled house, without windows or shutters to keep out the rain.

Macaulay.

3. To disable; to render useless. Comber.

Syn. -- To demo&?;sh; raze. See Demol&?;sh.

Dis*march" (?), v. i. To march away. [Obs.]

Dis*mar"ry (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + marry: cf. OF. desmarier, F. démarier.] To free from the bonds of marriage; to divorce. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Dis*mar"shal (?), v. t. To disarrange; to derange; to put in disorder. [R.] Drummond.

Dis*mask" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + mask: cf. F. démasquer.] To divest of a mask. Shak.

Dis*mast" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dismasting.] [Pref. dis- + mast: cf. F. démâter.] To deprive of a mast of masts; to break and carry away the masts from; as, a storm dismasted the ship.

Dis*mast"ment (?), n. The act of dismasting; the state of being dismasted. [R.] Marshall.

Dis*maw" (?), v. t. To eject from the maw; to disgorge. [R.] Shelton.

Dis*may" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dismaying.] [OE. desmaien, dismaien, OF. esmaier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OHG. magan to be strong or able; akin to E. may. In English the pref. es- was changed to dis- (L. dis-). See May, v. i.] 1. To disable with alarm or apprehensions; to depress the spirits or courage of; to deprive or firmness and energy through fear; to daunt; to appall; to terrify.

> Be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed.

Josh. i. 9.

> What words be these? What fears do you dismay?

Fairfax.

2. To render lifeless; to subdue; to disquiet. [Obs.]

> Do not dismay yourself for this.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To terrify; fright; affright; frighten; appall; daunt; dishearthen; dispirit; discourage; deject; depress. -- To Dismay, Daunt, Appall. Dismay denotes a state of deep and gloomy apprehension. To daunt supposes something more sudden and startling. To appall is the strongest term, implying a sense of terror which overwhelms the faculties.

> So flies a herd of beeves, that hear, dismayed,
> The lions roaring through the midnight shade.

Pope.

> Jove got such heroes as my sire, whose soul
> No fear could daunt, nor earth nor hell control.

Pope.

> Now the last ruin the whole host appalls;
> Now Greece has trembled in her wooden walls.

Pope.

Dis*may", v. i. To take dismay or fright; to be filled with dismay. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*may", n. [Cf. OF. esmai, F. émoi. See Dismay, v. t.] 1. Loss of courage and firmness through fear; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits; consternation.

> I . . . can not think of such a battle without dismay.

Macaulay.

> Thou with a tiger spring dost leap upon thy prey,
> And tear his helpless breast, o'erwhelmed with wild dismay.

Mrs. Barbauld.

2. Condition fitted to dismay; ruin. Spenser.

Syn. -- Dejection; discouragement; depression; fear; fright; terror; apprehension; alarm; affright.

Dis*may"ed*ness (?), n. A state of being dismayed; dejection of courage; dispiritedness.

Dis*may"ful (?), a. Terrifying. Spenser.

||Disme (?), n. [OF. See Dime.] A tenth; a tenth part; a tithe. Ayliffe.

Dis*mem"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismembered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dismembering.] [OF. desmembrer, F. démembrer; pref. des- (L. dis) + OF. & F. membre limb. See Member.] 1. To tear limb from limb; to dilacerate; to disjoin member from member; to tear or cut in pieces; to break up.

> Fowls obscene dismembered his remains.

Pope.

> A society lacerated and dismembered.

Gladstone.

> By whose hands the blow should be struck which would dismember that once mighty empire.

Buckle.

2. To deprive of membership. [Obs.]

> They were dismembered by vote of the house.

R. North.

Syn. -- To disjoint; dislocate; dilacerate; mutilate; divide; sever.

Dis*mem"ber*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. desmembrement, F. démembrement.] The act of dismembering, or the state of being dismembered; cutting in piece; m&?;tilation; division; separation.

> The Castilians would doubtless have resented the dismemberment of the unwieldy body of which they formed the head.

Macaulay.

Dis*met"tled (?), a. Destitute of mettle, that is, or fire or spirit. [R.] Llewellyn.

Dis*miss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismissed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dismissing.] [L. dis- + missus, p. p. of mittere to send: cf. dimittere, OF. desmetre, F. démettre. See Demise, and cf. Dimit.] 1. To send away; to give leave of departure; to cause or permit to go; to put away.

> He dismissed the assembly.

Acts xix. 41.

> Dismiss their cares when they dismiss their flock.

Cowper.

> Though he soon dismissed himself from state affairs.

Dryden.

2. To discard; to remove or discharge from office, service, or employment; as, the king dismisses his ministers; the matter dismisses his servant.

3. To lay aside or reject as unworthy of attentions or regard, as a petition or motion in court.

Dis*miss", n. Dismission. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Dis*miss"al (?), n. Dismission; discharge.

> Officeholders were commanded faithfully to enforce it, upon pain of immediate dismissal.

Motley.

Dis*mis"sion (?), n. [Cf. L. dimissio.] 1. The act dismissing or sending away; permission to leave; leave to depart; dismissal; as, the dismission of the grand jury.

2. Removal from office or employment; discharge, either with honor or with disgrace.

3. Rejection; a setting aside as trivial, invalid, or unworthy of consideration.

Dis*miss"ive (?), a. Giving dismission.

Dis*mort"gage (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dismortaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Dismortgaging (?).] To redeem from mortgage. [Obs.] Howell.

Dis*mount" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dismounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dismounting.] [Pref. dis- + mount: cf. OF. desmonter, F. démonter.] 1. To come down; to descend. [Poetic]

> But now the bright sun ginneth to dismount.

Spenser.

2. To alight from a horse; to descend or get off, as a rider from his beast; as, the troops dismounted.

Dis*mount", v. t. 1. To throw or bring down from an elevation, place of honor and authority, or the like.

> Dismounted from his authority.

Barrow.

2. To throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse; as, the soldier dismounted his adversary.

3. (Mech.) To take down, or apart, as a machine.

4. To throw or remove from the carriage, or from that on which a thing is mounted; to break the carriage or wheels of, and render useless; to deprive of equipments or mountings; -- said esp. of artillery.

Dis*nat"u*ral*ize (?), v. t. To make alien; to deprive of the privileges of birth. Locke.

Dis*na"tured (?; 135), a. [Pref. dis- + nature: cf. OF. desnaturé, F. dénaturé.] Deprived or destitute of natural feelings; unnatural. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis`o*be"di*ence (?), n. Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition.

> He is undutiful to him other actions, and lives in open disobedience.

Tillotson.

Dis`o*be"di*en*cy (?), n. Disobedience.

Dis`o*be"di*ent (?), a. [Pref. dis- + obedient. See Disobey, Obedient.] 1. Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or rules prescribed by authority; -- applied to persons and acts.

> This disobedient spirit in the colonies.

Burke.

> Disobedient unto the word of the Lord.

1 Kings xiii. 26.

2. Not yielding.

> Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner rendering peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli.

E. Darwin.

Dis`o*be"di*ent*ly, adv. In a disobedient manner.

Dis`o*bei"sance (?), n. [F. désobéissance.] Disobedience. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Dis`o*bei"sant (?), a. [F. désobéissant.] Disobedient. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis`o*bey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disobeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disobeying.] [F. désobéir; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + obéir. See Obey, and cf. Disobedient.] Not to obey; to neglect or refuse to obey (a superior or his commands, the laws, etc.); to transgress the commands of (one in authority); to violate, as an order; as, refractory children disobey their parents; men disobey their Maker and the laws.

> Not to disobey her lord's behest.

Tennyson.

Dis`o*bey", v. i. To refuse or neglect to obey; to violate commands; to be disobedient.

> He durst not know how to disobey.

Sir P. Sidney.

Dis`o*bey"er (?), n. One who disobeys.

Dis*ob`li*ga"tion (?), n. 1. The act of disobliging.

2. A disobliging act; an offense. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Release from obligation. Jer. Taylor.

Dis*ob"li*ga*to*ry (?), a. Releasing from obligation. "Disobligatory power." Charles I.

Dis`o*blige" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disobliged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disobliging.] [Pref. dis- + oblige: cf. F. désobliger.] 1. To do an act which contravenes the will or desires of; to offend by an act of unkindness or incivility; to displease; to refrain from obliging; to be unaccommodating to.

> Those . . . who slight and disoblige their friends, shall infallibly come to know the value of them by having none when they shall most need them.

South.

> My plan has given offense to some gentlemen, whom it would not be very safe to disoblige.

Addison.

<! p. 428 !>

2. To release from obligation. [Obs.]

> Absolving and disobliging from a more general command for some just and reasonable cause.

Milton.

Dis`o*blige"ment (?), n. Release from obligation. [Obs.]

Dis`o*bli"ger (?), n. One who disobliges.

Dis`o*bli"ging (?), a. 1. Not obliging; not disposed to do a favor; unaccommodating; as, a disobliging person or act.

2. Displeasing; offensive. [Obs.] Cov. of Tongue.

-- Dis`o*bli"ging*ly, adv. -- Dis`o*bli"ging*ness, n.

Dis*oc"ci*dent (?), v. t. To turn away from the west; to throw out of reckoning as to longitude. [Obs.] Marvell.

Dis*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. The state of being unemployed; want of occupation. [R.]

Dis`o*pin"ion (?), n. Want or difference of belief; disbelief. [Obs.] Bp. Reynolds.

Dis*op"pi*late (?), v. t. [L. dis- + oppilatus, p. p. of oppilare to shut up.] To open. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*orb" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + orb.] To throw out of the proper orbit; to unsphere. Shak.

Dis*ord" (?), n. Disorder. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis`or*deined" (?), a. [See Ordain.] Inordinate; irregular; vicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*or"der (?), n. [Pref. dis- + order: cf. F. désordre.] 1. Want of order or regular disposition; lack of arrangement; confusion; disarray; as, the troops were thrown into disorder; the papers are in disorder.

2. Neglect of order or system; irregularity.

> From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part,
> And snatch a grace beyond the reach of art.

Pope.

3. Breach of public order; disturbance of the peace of society; tumult. Shak.

4. Disturbance of the functions of the animal economy or of the soul; sickness; derangement. "Disorder in the body." Locke.

Syn. -- Irregularity; disarrangement; confusion; tumult; bustle; disturbance; disease; illness; indisposition; sickness; ailment; malady; distemper. See Disease.

Dis*or"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disordering.] 1. To disturb the order of; to derange or disarrange; to throw into confusion; to confuse.

> Disordering the whole frame or jurisprudence.

Burke.

> The burden . . . disordered the aids and auxiliary rafters into a common ruin.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To disturb or interrupt the regular and natural functions of (either body or mind); to produce sickness or indisposition in; to discompose; to derange; as, to disorder the head or stomach.

> A man whose judgment was so much disordered by party spirit.

Macaulay.

3. To depose from holy orders. [Obs.] Dryden.

Syn. -- To disarrange; derange; confuse; discompose.

Dis*or"dered (?), a. 1. Thrown into disorder; deranged; as, a disordered house, judgment.

2. Disorderly. [Obs.] Shak.

-- Dis*or"dered*ly, adv. -- Dis*or"dered*ness, n.

Dis*or"der*li*ness (?), n. The state of being disorderly.

Dis*or"der*ly (?), a. 1. Not in order; marked by disorder; disarranged; immethodical; as, the books and papers are in a disorderly state.

2. Not acting in an orderly way, as the functions of the body or mind.

3. Not complying with the restraints of order and law; tumultuous; unruly; lawless; turbulent; as, disorderly people; disorderly assemblies.

4. (Law) Offensive to good morals and public decency; notoriously offensive; as, a disorderly house.

Syn. -- Irregular; immethodical; confused; tumultuous; inordinate; intemperate; unruly; lawless; vicious.

Dis*or"der*ly, adv. In a disorderly manner; without law or order; irregularly; confusedly.

> Withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly.

2 Thess. iii. 6.

> Savages fighting disorderly with stones.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Dis*or"di*nance (?), n. Disarrangement; disturbance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*or"di*nate (?), a. Inordinate; disorderly. [Obs.] "With disordinate gestures." Prynne.

Dis*or"di*nate*ly, adv. Inordinately. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Dis*or`di*na"tion (?), n. The state of being in disorder; derangement; confusion. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*or`gan*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. désorganisation. See Disorganize, v. t.] 1. The act of disorganizing; destruction of system.

2. The state of being disorganized; as, the disorganization of the body, or of government.

> The magazine of a pawnbroker in such total disorganization, that the owner can never lay his hands upon any one article at the moment he has occasion for it.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis*or"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disorganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disorganizing (?).] [Pref. dis- + organize: cf. F. désorganiser.] To destroy the organic structure or regular system of (a government, a society, a party, etc.); to break up (what is organized); to throw into utter disorder; to disarrange.

> Lyford . . . attempted to disorganize the church.

Eliot (1809).

Dis*or"gan*i`zer (?), n. One who disorganizes or causes disorder and confusion.

Dis*o"ri*ent (?), v. t. To turn away from the east; to confuse as to which way is east; to cause to lose one's bearings. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Dis*o"ri*en*tate (?), v. t. To turn away from the east, or (figuratively) from the right or the truth. [R.]

Dis*own" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disowning.] 1. To refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one's self; to disavow or deny, as connected with one's self personally; as, a parent can hardly disown his child; an author will sometimes disown his writings.

2. To refuse to acknowledge or allow; to deny.

> Then they, who brother's better claim disown,
> Expel their parents, and usurp the throne.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To disavow; disclaim; deny; abnegate; renounce; disallow.

Dis*own"ment (?), n. Act of disowning. [R.]

Dis*ox"i*date (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deoxidate; to deoxidize. [R.]

Dis*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Deoxidation. [R.]

Dis*ox"y*gen*ate (?), v. t. (Chem.) To deprive of oxygen; to deoxidize. [R.]

Dis*ox`y*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Deoxidation. [R.]

Dis*pace" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- asunder, different ways, to and fro + pace.] To roam. [Obs.]

> In this fair plot dispacing to and fro.

Spenser.

Dis*pair" (?), v. t. To separate (a pair). [R.]

> I have . . . dispaired two doves.

Beau. & Fl.

Dis*pand" (?), v. t. [L. dispandere to spread out; pref. dis- + pandere, pansum, to spread out.] To spread out; to expand. [Obs.] Bailey.

Dis*pan"sion (?), n. [See Dispand.] Act of dispanding, or state of being dispanded. [Obs.]

Dis*par"a*dised, a. Removed from paradise. [R.] Cockeram.

Dis*par"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disparaging (?).] [OF. desparagier, F. déparager, to marry unequally; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. parage extraction, lineage, from L. par equal, peer. See Peer.] 1. To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor by an unequal marriage. [Obs.]

> Alas! that any of my nation
> Should ever so foul disparaged be.

Chaucer.

2. To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.

> Those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of men sincerely pious.

Bp. Atterbury.

> Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms.

Milton.

Syn. -- To decry; depreciate; undervalue; underrate; cheapen; vilify; reproach; detract from; derogate from; degrade; debase. See Decry.

Dis"pa*rage` (?), n. Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

> Dissuaded her from such a disparage.

Spenser.

Dis*par"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. desparagement.] 1. Matching any one in marriage under his or her degree; injurious union with something of inferior excellence; a lowering in rank or estimation. [Eng.]

> And thought that match a foul disparagement.

Spenser.

2. Injurious comparison with an inferior; a depreciating or dishonoring opinion or insinuation; diminution of value; dishonor; indignity; reproach; disgrace; detraction; -- commonly with to.

> It ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not the sun.

South.

> Imitation is a disparagement and a degradation in a Christian minister.

I. Taylor.

Syn. -- Indignity; derogation; detraction; reproach; dishonor; debasement; degradation; disgrace.

Dis*par"a*ger (?), n. One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.

Dis*par"a*ging*ly (?), adv. In a manner to disparage or dishonor; slightingly.

Dis"pa*rate (?), a. [L. disparatus, p. p. of disparare to part, separate; dis- + parare to make ready, prepare.] 1. Unequal; dissimilar; separate.

> Connecting disparate thoughts, purely by means of resemblances in the words expressing them.

Coleridge.

2. (Logic) Pertaining to two coördinate species or divisions.

Dis"pa*rates (?), n. pl. Things so unequal or unlike that they can not be compared with each other.

Dis`pa*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. disparition.] Act of disappearing; disappearance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*par"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Disparities (#). [LL. disparitas, fr. L. dispar unlike, unequal; dis- + par equal: cf. F. disparité. See Par, Peer.] Inequality; difference in age, rank, condition, or excellence; dissimilitude; -- followed by between, in, of, as to, etc.; as, disparity in, or of, years; a disparity as to color.

> The disparity between God and his intelligent creatures.

I. Taylor.

> The disparity of numbers was not such as ought to cause any uneasiness.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Inequality; unlikeness; dissimilitude; disproportion; difference.

Dis*park" (?), v. t. 1. To throw (a park or inclosure); to treat (a private park) as a common.

> The Gentiles were made to be God's people when the Jews' inclosure was disparked.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To set at large; to release from inclosure.

> Till his free muse threw down the pale,
> And did at once dispark them all.

Waller.

Dis*par"kle (?), v. t. [OF. desparpeillier.] To scatter abroad. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disparting.] [Pref. dis- + part: cf. OF. despartir.] To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to rend; to rive or split; as, disparted air; disparted towers. [Archaic]

> Them in twelve troops their captain did dispart.

Spenser.

> The world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted.

Emerson.

Dis*part", v. i. To separate, to open; to cleave.

Dis*part", n. 1. (Gun.) The difference between the thickness of the metal at the mouth and at the breech of a piece of ordnance.

> On account of the dispart, the line of aim or line of metal, which is in a plane passing through the axis of the gun, always makes a small angle with the axis.

Eng. Cys.

2. (Gun.) A piece of metal placed on the muzzle, or near the trunnions, on the top of a piece of ordnance, to make the line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore; -- called also dispart sight, and muzzle sight.

Dis*part" (?), v. t. 1. (Gun.) To make allowance for the dispart in (a gun), when taking aim.

> Every gunner, before he shoots, must truly dispart his piece.

Lucar.

2. (Gun.) To furnish with a dispart sight.

Dis*pas"sion (?), n. Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state; apathy. Sir W. Temple.

Dis*pas"sion*ate (?), a. 1. Free from passion; not warped, prejudiced, swerved, or carried away by passion or feeling; judicial; calm; composed.

> Wise and dispassionate men.

Clarendon.

2. Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias; impartial; as, dispassionate proceedings; a dispassionate view.

Syn. -- Calm; cool; composed serene; unimpassioned; temperate; moderate; impartial; unruffled.

-- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Dis*pas"sioned (?), a. Free from passion; dispassionate. [R.] "Dispassioned men." Donne.

Dis*patch" (?; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispatching.] [OF. despeechier, F. dépêcher; prob. from pref. des- (L. dis-) + (assumed) LL. pedicare to place obstacles in the way, fr. L. pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach, Despatch.] [Written also despatch.] 1. To dispose of speedily, as business; to execute quickly; to make a speedy end of; to finish; to perform.

> Ere we put ourselves in arms, dispatch we
> The business we have talked of.

Shak.

> [The] harvest men . . . almost in one fair day dispatcheth all the harvest work.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To rid; to free. [Obs.]

> I had clean dispatched myself of this great charge.

Udall.

3. To get rid of by sending off; to send away hastily.

> Unless dispatched to the mansion house in the country . . . they perish among the lumber of garrets.

Walpole.

4. To send off or away; -- particularly applied to sending off messengers, messages, letters, etc., on special business, and implying haste.

> Even with the speediest expedition
> I will dispatch him to the emperor's cou&?;&?;.

Shak.

5. To send out of the world; to put to death.

> The company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords.

Ezek. xxiii. 47.

Syn. -- To expedite; hasten; speed; accelerate; perform; conclude; finish; slay; kill.

Dis*patch", v. i. To make haste; to conclude an affair; to finish a matter of business.

> They have dispatched with Pompey.

Shak.

Dis*patch", n. [Cf. OF. despeche, F. dépêche. See Dispatch, v. t.] [Written also despatch.] 1. The act of sending a message or messenger in haste or on important business.

2. Any sending away; dismissal; riddance.

> To the utter dispatch of all their most beloved comforts.

Milton.

3. The finishing up of a business; speedy performance, as of business; prompt execution; diligence; haste.

> Serious business, craving quick dispatch.

Shak.

> To carry his scythe . . . with a sufficient dispatch through a sufficient space.

Paley.

4. A message dispatched or sent with speed; especially, an important official letter sent from one public officer to another; -- often used in the plural; as, a messenger has arrived with dispatches for the American minister; naval or military dispatches.

5. A message transmitted by telegraph. [Modern]

Dispatch boat, a swift vessel for conveying dispatches; an advice boat. -- Dispatch box, a box for carrying dispatches; a box for papers and other conveniences when traveling.

Syn. -- Haste; hurry; promptness; celerity; speed. See Haste.

Dis*patch"er (?), n. One who dispatches.

Dis*patch"ful (?), a. Bent on haste; intent on speedy execution of business or any task; indicating haste; quick; as, dispatchful looks. Milton.

Dis*patch"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. despechement.] The act of dispatching. [Obs.] State Trials (1529).

Dis"pa*thy (?), n.; pl. Dispathies (#). [Pref. dis- + Gr. &?; passion. See Pathos.] Lack of sympathy; want of passion; apathy. [R.]

> Many discrepancies and some dispathies between us.

Southey.

Dis*pau"per (?), v. t. To deprive of the claim of a pauper to public support; to deprive of the privilege of suing in forma pauperis.

Dis*pau"per*ize (?), v. t. To free a state of pauperism, or from paupers. J. S. Mill.

Dis*peed" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + speed.] To send off with speed; to dispatch. [Obs.] Knolles.

> Then they dispeeded themselves of the Cid and of their mother-in-law, Do&?;a Ximena.

Southey.

Dis*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispelling.] [L. dispellere; dis- + pellere to push, drive. See Pulse a beating.] To drive away by scattering, or so to cause to vanish; to clear away; to banish; to dissipate; as, to dispel a cloud, vapors, cares, doubts, illusions.

> [Satan] gently raised
> their fainting courage, and dispelled their fears.

Milton.

> I saw myself the lambent easy light
> Gild the brown horror, and dispel the night.

Dryden.

Dis*pence" (?), v. i. & n. See Dispense. [Obs.]

<! p. 429 !>

Dis*pend" (?), v. t. [OF. despendre, L. dispendere to weigh out, dispense; dis- + pendere to weigh. See Pension, Spend, and cf. Dispense.] To spend; to lay out; to expend. [Obs.] Spenser.

> Able to dispend yearly twenty pounds and above.

Fuller.

Dis*pend"er (?), n. One who dispends or expends; a steward. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Cor. iv. 1).

Dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [LL. dispensabilis. See Dispense.] 1. Capable of being dispensed or administered.

2. Capable of being dispensed with. Coleridge.

Dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. Quality of being dispensable.

Dis*pen"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Dispensaries (#). [Cf. F. dispensaire.] 1. A place where medicines are prepared and dispensed; esp., a place where the poor can obtain medical advice and medicines gratuitously or at a nominal price.

2. A dispensatory. Pope.

Dis`pen*sa"tion (?), n. [F. dispensation, L. dispensatio.] 1. The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution; often used of the distribution of good and evil by God to man, or more generically, of the acts and modes of his administration.

> To respect the dispensations of Providence.

Burke.

2. That which is dispensed, dealt out, or appointed; that which is enjoined or bestowed; especially (Theol.), A system of principles, promises, and rules ordained and administered; scheme; economy; as, the Patriarchal, Mosaic, and Christian dispensations.

> Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his dispensations to each private man.

Rogers.

3. The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; specifically, in the Roman Catholic Church, exemption from some ecclesiastical law or obligation to God which a man has incurred of his own free will (oaths, vows, etc.).

> A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry.

Ward.

Dis*pen"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dispensatif.] Granting dispensation.

Dis*pen"sa*tive*ly, adv. By dispensation. Wotton.

Dis"pen*sa`tor (?), n. [L.] A distributer; a dispenser. Bacon.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In the way of dispensation; dispensatively.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ry (?), a. [L. dispensatorius relating to management. See Dispense, v. t.] Granting, or authorized to grant, dispensations. "Dispensatory power." Bp. Rainbow.

Dis*pen"sa*to*ry, n.; pl. Dispensatories (&?;). A book or medicinal formulary containing a systematic description of drugs, and of preparations made from them. It is usually, but not always, distinguished from a pharmacopœia in that it issued by private parties, and not by an official body or by government.

Dis*pense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispensing.] [F. dispenser, L. dispensare, intens. of dispendere. See Dispend.] 1. To deal out in portions; to distribute; to give; as, the steward dispenses provisions according directions; Nature dispenses her bounties; to dispense medicines.

> He is delighted to dispense a share of it to all the company.

Sir W. Scott.

2. To apply, as laws to particular cases; to administer; to execute; to manage; to direct.

> While you dispense the laws, and guide the state.

Dryden.

3. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.]

> His sin was dispensed
> With gold, whereof it was compensed.

Gower.

4. To exempt; to excuse; to absolve; -- with from.

> It was resolved that all members of the House who held commissions, should be dispensed from parliamentary attendance.

Macaulay.

> He appeared to think himself born to be supported by others, and dispensed from all necessity of providing for himself.

Johnson.

Dis*pense", v. i. 1. To compensate; to make up; to make amends. [Obs.]

> One loving hour
> For many years of sorrow can dispense.

Spenser.

2. To give dispensation.

> He [the pope] can also dispense in all matters of ecclesiastical law.

Addis & Arnold (Cath. Dict. )

To dispense with. (a) To permit the neglect or omission of, as a form, a ceremony, an oath; to suspend the operation of, as a law; to give up, release, or do without, as services, attention, etc.; to forego; to part with. (b) To allow by dispensation; to excuse; to exempt; to grant dispensation to or for. [Obs.] "Conniving and dispensing with open and common adultery." Milton. (c) To break or go back from, as one's word. [Obs.] Richardson.

Dis*pense", n. [Cf. F. dispense dispensation. See Dispense, v. t.] Dispensation; exemption. [Obs.]

Dis*pense", n. [OF. despense, F. dépense.] Expense; profusion; outlay. [Obs.]

> It was a vault built for great dispense.

Spenser.

Dis*pens"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dispenses; a distributer; as, a dispenser of favors.

Dis*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispeopling (?).] [Pref. dis- + people: cf. F. dépeupler.] To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate.

> Leave the land dispeopled and desolate.

Sir T. More.

> A certain island long before dispeopled . . . by sea rivers.

Milton.

Dis*peo"pler (?), n. One who, or that which, dispeoples; a depopulator. Gay.

Dis*perge" (?), v. t. [L. dispergere. See Disperse.] To sprinkle. [Obs.]

Di*sper"mous (d*spr"ms), a. [Gr. di- = dis + spe`rma seed, fr. spei`rein to sow: cf. F. disperme.] (Bot.) Containing only two seeds; two- seeded.

Dis*per"ple (?), v. t. [OF. desparpeulier.] To scatter; to sprinkle. [Obs.]

> Odorous water was
> Disperpled lightly on my head and neck.

Chapman.

Dis*per"sal (?), n. The act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion. Darwin.

Dis*perse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispersing.] [L. dispersus, p. p. of dispergere to strew, scatter. See Sparse.] 1. To scatter abroad; to drive to different parts; to distribute; to diffuse; to spread; as, the Jews are dispersed among all nations.

> The lips of the wise disperse knowledge.

Prov. xv. 7.

> Two lions, in the still, dark night,
> A herd of beeves disperse.

Cowper.

2. To scatter, so as to cause to vanish; to dissipate; as, to disperse vapors.

> Dispersed are the glories.

Shak.

Syn. -- To scatter; dissipate; dispel; spread; diffuse; distribute; deal out; disseminate.

Dis*perse", v. i. 1. To separate; to go or move into different parts; to vanish; as, the company dispersed at ten o'clock; the clouds disperse.

2. To distribute wealth; to share one's abundance with others.

> He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor.

Ps. cxii. 9.

Dis*persed" (?), a. Scattered. -- Dis*pers"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Dis*pers"ed*ness, n.

Dispersed harmony (Mus.), harmony in which the tones composing the chord are widely separated, as by an octave or more.

Dis*perse"ness (?), n. Dispersedness. [Obs.]

Dis*pers"er (?), n. One that disperses.

Dis*per"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. dispersion.] 1. The act or process of scattering or dispersing, or the state of being scattered or separated; as, the Jews in their dispersion retained their rites and ceremonies; a great dispersion of the human family took place at the building of Babel.

> The days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished.

Jer. xxv. 34.

2. (Opt.) The separation of light into its different colored rays, arising from their different refrangibilities.

Dispersion of the optic axes (Crystallog.), the separation of the optic axes in biaxial crystals, due to the fact that the axial angle has different values for the different colors of the spectrum.

Dis*pers"ive (?), a. Tending to disperse.

Dispersive power (Opt.), the relative effect of a material in separating the different rays of light by refraction, as when the substance is formed into a prism.

-- Dis*pers"ive*ness, n.

Dis*per"son'*ate (?), v. t. To deprive of personality or individuality. [R.]

> We multiply; we dispersonate ourselves.

Hare.

Dis*pir"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Dispiriting.] [Pref. dis- + spirit.] 1. To deprive of cheerful spirits; to depress the spirits of; to dishearten; to discourage.

> Not dispirited with my afflictions.

Dryden.

> He has dispirited himself by a debauch.

Collier.

2. To distill or infuse the spirit of. [Obs. or R.]

> This makes a man master of his learning, and dispirits the book into the scholar.

Fuller.

Syn. -- To dishearten; discourage; deject; damp; depress; cast down; intimidate; daunt; cow.

Dis*pir"it*ed, a. Depressed in spirits; disheartened; daunted. -- Dis*pir"it*ed*ly, adv. -- Dis*pir"it*ed, n.

Dis*pir"it*ment (?), n. Depression of spirits; discouragement. [R.]

> Procter, in evident distress and dispiritment, was waiting the slow conclusion of this.

Carlyle.

Dis*pit"e*ous (?), a. [Pref. dis- + piteous. Cf. Despiteous.] Full of despite; cruel; spiteful; pitiless. Spenser. -- Dis*pit"e*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Dis*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displacing.] [Pref. dis- + place: cf. F. déplacer.] 1. To change the place of; to remove from the usual or proper place; to put out of place; to place in another situation; as, the books in the library are all displaced.

2. To crowd out; to take the place of.

> Holland displaced Portugal as the mistress of those seas.

London Times.

3. To remove from a state, office, dignity, or employment; to discharge; to depose; as, to displace an officer of the revenue.

4. To dislodge; to drive away; to banish. [Obs.]

> You have displaced the mirth.

Shak.

Syn. -- To disarrange; derange; dismiss; discard.

Dis*place"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being displaced.

Dis*place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. déplacement.] 1. The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced; a putting out of place.

> Unnecessary displacement of funds.

A. Hamilton.

> The displacement of the sun by parallax.

Whewell.

2. The quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body, as by a ship, the weight of the displaced liquid being equal to that of the displacing body.

3. (Chem.) The process of extracting soluble substances from organic material and the like, whereby a quantity of saturated solvent is displaced, or removed, for another quantity of the solvent.

Piston displacement (Mech.), the volume of the space swept through, or weight of steam, water, etc., displaced, in a given time, by the piston of a steam engine or pump.

Dis*pla"cen*cy (?), n. [LL. displacentia, for L. displicentia, fr. displicere to displease; dis- + placere to please. See Displease, and cf. Displeasance.] Want of complacency or gratification; envious displeasure; dislike. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*pla"cer (?), n. 1. One that displaces.

2. (Chem.) The funnel part of the apparatus for solution by displacement.

Dis*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Di&?;planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Displanting.] [Pref. dis- + plant: cf. OF. desplanter, F. déplanter.] 1. To remove (what is planted or fixed); to unsettle and take away; to displace; to root out; as, to displant inhabitants.

> I did not think a look,
> Or a poor word or two, could have displanted
> Such a fixed constancy.

Beau. & Fl.

2. To strip of what is planted or settled; as, to displant a country of inhabitants. Spenser.

Dis`plan*ta"tion (?), n. The act of displanting; removal; displacement. Sir W. Raleigh.

Dis*plat" (?), v. t. To untwist; to uncurl; to unplat. [Obs.] Hakewill.

Dis*play" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displaying.] [OE. displaien, desplaien, OF. despleier, desploier, F. déployer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + pleier, ploier, plier, F. ployer, plier, to fold, bend, L. plicare. See Ply, and cf. Deploy, Splay.] 1. To unfold; to spread wide; to expand; to stretch out; to spread.

> The northern wind his wings did broad display.

Spenser.

2. (Mil.) To extend the front of (a column), bringing it into line. Farrow.

3. To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the sight, or to the mind; to make manifest.

> His statement . . . displays very clearly the actual condition of the army.

Burke.

4. To make an exhibition of; to set in view conspicuously or ostentatiously; to exhibit for the sake of publicity; to parade.

> Proudly displaying the insignia of their order.

Prescott.

5. (Print.) To make conspicuous by large or prominent type.

6. To discover; to descry. [Obs.]

> And from his seat took pleasure to display
> The city so adorned with towers.

Chapman.

Syn. -- To exhibit; show; manifest; spread out; parade; expand; flaunt.

Dis*play", v. i. To make a display; to act as one making a show or demonstration. Shak.

Dis*play", n. 1. An opening or unfolding; exhibition; manifestation.

> Having witnessed displays of his power and grace.

Trench.

2. Ostentatious show; exhibition for effect; parade.

> He died, as erring man should die,
> Without display, without parade.

Byron.

Dis*played" (?), a. 1. Unfolded; expanded; exhibited conspicuously or ostentatiously.

2. (Her.) With wings expanded; -- said of a bird of pray, esp. an eagle.

3. (Print.) Set with lines of prominent type interspersed, to catch the eye.

Dis*play"er (?), n. One who, or that which, displays.

Dis"ple (?), v. t. To discipline; to correct. [Obs.]

> And bitter Penance, with an iron whip,
> Was wont him once to disple every day.

Spenser.

Dis*pleas"ance (?), n. [OF. desplaisance, F. déplaisance. Cf. Displacency.] Displeasure; discontent; annoyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*pleas"ant (?), a. [OF. desplaisant, F. déplaisant. See Displease.] Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant. [Obs.] Speed. -- Dis*pleas"ant*ly, adv. [Obs.] Strype. -- Dis*pleas"ant*ness, n. [Obs.]

Dis*please" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displeased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displeasing.] [OF. desplaisir, whence F. déplaisir displeasure; pref. des- (L. dis- ) + plaisir to please. See Please, and cf. Displeasure.] 1. To make not pleased; to excite a feeling of disapprobation or dislike in; to be disagreeable to; to offend; to vex; -- often followed by with or at. It usually expresses less than to anger, vex, irritate, or provoke.

> God was displeased with this thing.

1 Chron. xxi. 7.

> Wilt thou be displeased at us forever?

Psalms lxxxv. 5 (Bk. of Com. Prayer).

> This virtuous plaster will displease
> Your tender sides.

J. Fletcher.

> Adversity is so wholesome . . . why should we be displeased therewith?

Barrow.

2. To fail to satisfy; to miss of. [Obs.]

> I shall displease my ends else.

Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- To offend; disgust; vex; annoy; dissatisfy; chafe; anger; provoke; affront.

Dis*please", v. i. To give displeasure or offense. [Obs.]

Dis*pleas"ed*ly (?), adv. With displeasure. [R.]

Dis*pleas"ed*ness, n. Displeasure. [R.] South.

Dis*pleas"er (?), n. One who displeases.

Dis*pleas"ing, a. Causing displeasure or dissatisfaction; offensive; disagreeable. -- Dis*pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Dis*pleas"ing*ness, n. Locke.

Dis*pleas"ure (?; 135), n. [Pref. dis- + pleasure: cf. OF. desplaisir, F. déplaisir. Cf. Displease.] 1. The feeling of one who is displeased; irritation or uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by anything that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice or a sense of propriety; disapprobation; dislike; dissatisfaction; disfavor; indignation.

> O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure.

Ps. vi. 1.

> Undoubtedly he will relent, and turn
> From his displeasure.

Milton.

2. That which displeases; cause of irritation or annoyance; offense; injury.

> Hast thou delight to see a wretched man
> Do outrage and displeasure to himself?

Shak.

<! p. 430 !>

3. State of disgrace or disfavor; disfavor. [Obs.]

> He went into Poland, being in displeasure with the pope for overmuch familiarity.

Peacham.

Syn. -- Dissatisfaction; disapprobation; disfavor; distaste; dislike; anger; hate; aversion; indignation; offense.

Dis*pleas"ure (?; 135), v. t. To displease. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dis*plen"ish (?), v. t. To deprive or strip, as a house of furniture, or a barn of stock. [Scot.]

{ Dis"pli*cence (?), Dis"pli*cen*cy (?), } n. [L. displicentia. See Displacency.] Dislike; dissatisfaction; discontent. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Dis*plode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disploded; p. pr. & vb. n. Disploding.] [L. displodere, displosum; dis- + plodere, plaudere, to clap, strike, beat.] To discharge; to explode.

> In posture to displode their second tire
> Of thunder.

Milton.

Dis*plode", v. i. To burst with a loud report; to explode. "Disploding engines." Young.

Dis*plo"sion (?), n. Explosion.

> The vast displosion dissipates the clouds.

Young.

Dis*plo"sive (?), a. Explosive.

Dis*plume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Displumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Displuming.] [Pref. dis- + plume: cf. OF. desplumer, F. déplumer.] To strip of, or as of, a plume, or plumes; to deprive of decoration; to dishonor; to degrade.

> Displumed, degraded, and metamorphosed.

Burke.

Dis"po*line (?), n. (Chem.) One of several isomeric organic bases of the quinoline series of alkaloids.

Dis*pond" (?), n. See Despond.

Di*spon"dee (?), n. [L. dispondeus, Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; spondee.] (Gr. &?; Lat. Pros.) A double spondee; a foot consisting of four long syllables.

Dis*pone" (?), v. t. [L. disponere. See Disposition.] 1. (Her.) To dispose.

2. To dispose of. Chaucer.

3. (Scots Law) To make over, or convey, legally.

> He has disponed . . . the whole estate.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis`po*nee" (?), n. (Scots Law) The person to whom any property is legally conveyed.

Dis*pon"er (?), n. (Scots Law) One who legally transfers property from himself to another.

Dis*ponge" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + sponge.] To sprinkle, as with water from a sponge. [Poetic & Rare] [Written also dispunge.]

> O sovereign mistress of true melancholy,
> The poisonous damp of night disponge upon me

. Shak.

Dis*pope" (?), v. t. To refuse to consider as pope; to depose from the popedom.

> One whom they disposed.

Tennyson.

Di*spor"ous (?), a. [Pref. di- + sporous.] (Biol.) Having two spores.

Dis*port" (?), n. [OF. desport, deport. See Disport, v. i., and cf. Sport.] Play; sport; pastime; diversion; playfulness. Milton.

Dis*port", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disported; p. pr. & vb. n. Disporting.] [OF. se desporter; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. porter to carry; orig. therefore, to carry one's self away from work, to go to amuse one's self. See Port demeanor, and cf. Sport.] To play; to wanton; to move in gayety; to move lightly and without restraint; to amuse one's self.

> Where light disports in ever mingling dyes.

Pope.

> Childe Harold basked him in the noontide sun,
> Disporting there like any other fly.

Byron.

Dis*port", v. t. [OF. desporter. See Disport, v. i.] 1. To divert or amuse; to make merry.

> They could disport themselves.

Buckle.

2. To remove from a port; to carry away. Prynne.

Dis*port"ment (?), n. Act of disporting; diversion; play. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Dis*pos"a*ble (?), a. [From Dispose.] Subject to disposal; free to be used or employed as occasion may require; not assigned to any service or use.

> The great of this kingdom . . . has easily afforded a disposable surplus.

Burke.

Dis*pos"al (?), n. [From Dispose.] 1. The act of disposing, or disposing of, anything; arrangement; orderly distribution; a putting in order; as, the disposal of the troops in two lines.

2. Ordering; regulation; adjustment; management; government; direction.

> The execution leave to high disposal.

Milton.

3. Regulation of the fate, condition, application, etc., of anything; the transference of anything into new hands, a new place, condition, etc.; alienation, or parting; as, a disposal of property.

> A domestic affair of great importance, which is no less than the disposal of my sister Jenny for life.

Tatler.

4. Power or authority to dispose of, determine the condition of, control, etc., especially in the phrase at, or in, the disposal of.

> The sole and absolute disposal of him an his concerns.

South.

Syn. -- Disposition; dispensation; management; conduct; government; distribution; arrangement; regulation; control.

Dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disposing.] [F. disposer; pref. dis- + poser to place. See Pose.] 1. To distribute and put in place; to arrange; to set in order; as, to dispose the ships in the form of a crescent.

> Who hath disposed the whole world?

Job xxxiv. 13.

> All ranged in order and disposed with grace.

Pope.

> The rest themselves in troops did else dispose.

Spenser.

2. To regulate; to adjust; to settle; to determine.

> The knightly forms of combat to dispose.

Dryden.

3. To deal out; to assign to a use; to bestow for an object or purpose; to apply; to employ; to dispose of.

> Importuned him that what he designed to bestow on her funeral, he would rather dispose among the poor.

Evelyn.

4. To give a tendency or inclination to; to adapt; to cause to turn; especially, to incline the mind of; to give a bent or propension to; to incline; to make inclined; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by for before the indirect object.

> Endure and conquer; Jove will soon dispose
> To future good our past and present woes.

Dryden.

> Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and melancholy.

Bacon.

To dispose of. (a) To determine the fate of; to exercise the power of control over; to fix the condition, application, employment, etc. of; to direct or assign for a use.

> Freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons.

Locke.

(b) To exercise finally one's power of control over; to pass over into the control of some one else, as by selling; to alienate; to part with; to relinquish; to get rid of; as, to dispose of a house; to dispose of one's time.

> More water . . . than can be disposed of.

T. Burnet.

> I have disposed of her to a man of business.

Tatler.

> A rural judge disposed of beauty's prize.

Waller.

Syn. -- To set; arrange; order; distribute; adjust; regulate; adapt; fit; incline; bestow; give.

Dis*pose" (?), v. i. To bargain; to make terms. [Obs.]

> She had disposed with Cæsar.

Shak.

Dis*pose", n. 1. Disposal; ordering; management; power or right of control. [Obs.]

> But such is the dispose of the sole Disposer of empires.

Speed.

2. Cast of mind; disposition; inclination; behavior; demeanor. [Obs.]

> He hath a person, and a smooth dispose
> To be suspected.

Shak.

Dis*posed" (?), p. a. 1. Inclined; minded.

> When he was disposed to pass into Achaia.

Acts xviii. 27.

2. Inclined to mirth; jolly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Well disposed, in good condition; in good health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being disposed or inclined; inclination; propensity. [R.]

Dis*pose"ment (?), n. Disposal. [Obs.] Goodwin.

Dis*pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disposes; a regulator; a director; a bestower.

> Absolute lord and disposer of all things.

Barrow.

Dis*pos"ing*ly, adv. In a manner to dispose.

Dis*pos"it*ed (?), a. [See Disposition.] Disposed. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Dis`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. disposition, dispositio, fr. disponere to dispose; dis- + ponere to place. See Position, and cf. Dispone.] 1. The act of disposing, arranging, ordering, regulating, or transferring; application; disposal; as, the disposition of a man's property by will.

> Who have received the law by the disposition of angels.

Acts vii. 53.

> The disposition of the work, to put all things in a beautiful order and harmony, that the whole may be of a piece.

Dryden.

2. The state or the manner of being disposed or arranged; distribution; arrangement; order; as, the disposition of the trees in an orchard; the disposition of the several parts of an edifice.

3. Tendency to any action or state resulting from natural constitution; nature; quality; as, a disposition in plants to grow in a direction upward; a disposition in bodies to putrefaction.

4. Conscious inclination; propension or propensity.

> How stands your disposition to be married?

Shak.

5. Natural or prevailing spirit, or temperament of mind, especially as shown in intercourse with one's fellow-men; temper of mind. "A man of turbulent disposition." Hallam. "He is of a very melancholy disposition." Shak.

> His disposition led him to do things agreeable to his quality and condition wherein God had placed him.

Strype.

6. Mood; humor.

> As I perchance hereafter shall think meet
> To put an antic disposition on.

Shak.

Syn. -- Disposal; adjustment; regulation; arrangement; distribution; order; method; adaptation; inclination; propensity; bestowment; alienation; character; temper; mood. -- Disposition, Character, Temper. Disposition is the natural humor of a person, the predominating quality of his character, the constitutional habit of his mind. Character is this disposition influenced by motive, training, and will. Temper is a quality of the fiber of character, and is displayed chiefly when the emotions, especially the passions, are aroused.

Dis`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to disposition.

Dis`po*si"tioned (?), a. Having (such) a disposition; -- used in compounds; as, well- dispositioned.

Dis*pos"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dispositif.] 1. Disposing; tending to regulate; decretive. [Obs.]

> His dispositive wisdom and power.

Bates.

2. Belonging to disposition or natural, tendency. [Obs.] "Dispositive holiness." Jer. Taylor.

Dis*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a dispositive manner; by natural or moral disposition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

> Do dispositively what Moses is recorded to have done literally, . . . break all the ten commandments at once.

Boyle.

Dis*pos"it*or (?), n. [L. See Disposition.] 1. A disposer.

2. (Astrol.) The planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is. [Obs.] Crabb.

Dis`pos*sess" (?; see Possess), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispossessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispossessing.] [Pref. dis- + possess: cf. F. déposséder.] To put out of possession; to deprive of the actual occupancy of, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize; to eject; -- usually followed by of before the thing taken away; as, to dispossess a king of his crown.

> Usurp the land, and dispossess the swain.

Goldsmith.

Dis`pos*ses"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépossession.] 1. The act of putting out of possession; the state of being dispossessed. Bp. Hall.

2. (Law) The putting out of possession, wrongfully or otherwise, of one who is in possession of a freehold, no matter in what title; -- called also ouster.

Dis`pos*sess"or (?), n. One who dispossesses. Cowley.

Dis*post" (?), v. t. To eject from a post; to displace. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

Dis*po"sure (?), n. [From Dispose.] 1. The act of disposing; power to dispose of; disposal; direction.

> Give up
> My estate to his disposure.

Massinger.

2. Disposition; arrangement; position; posture. [Obs.]

> In a kind of warlike disposure.

Sir H. Wotton.

Dis*prais"a*ble (?), a. Blamable. [R.]

Dis*praise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispraised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispraising.] [OE. dispreisen, OF. desprisier, despreisier, F. dépriser; pref. des- (L. dis-) + prisier, F. priser, to prize, praise. See Praise, and cf. Disprize, Depreciate.] To withdraw praise from; to notice with disapprobation or some degree of censure; to disparage; to blame.

> Dispraising the power of his adversaries.

Chaucer.

> I dispraised him before the wicked, that the wicked might not fall in love with him.

Shak.

Dis*praise", n. [Cf. OF. despris. See Dispraise, v. t.] The act of dispraising; detraction; blame censure; reproach; disparagement. Dryden.

> In praise and in dispraise the same.

Tennyson.

Dis*prais"er (?), n. One who blames or dispraises.

Dis*praising*ly, adv. By way of dispraise.

Dis*pread" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + spread.] To spread abroad, or different ways; to spread apart; to open; as, the sun dispreads his beams. Spenser.

Dis*pread", v. i. To extend or expand itself. [R.]

> While tyrant Heat, dispreading through the sky.

Thomson.

Dis*pread"er (?), n. One who spreads abroad.

> Dispreaders both of vice and error.

Milton.

Dis*prej"u*dice (?), v. t. To free from prejudice. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Dis`pre*pare" (?), v. t. To render unprepared. [Obs.] Hobbes.

Dis*prince" (?), v. t. To make unlike a prince. [R.]

> For I was drench'd with ooze, and torn with briers, . . .
> And, all one rag, disprinced from head to heel.

Tennyson.

Dis*pris"on (?), v. t. To let loose from prison, to set at liberty. [R.] Bulwer.

Dis*priv"i*lege (?), v. t. To deprive of a privilege or privileges. [R.]

Dis*prize" (?), v. t. [Cf. Dispraise.] To depreciate. [R.] Cotton (Ode to Lydia).

Dis`pro*fess" (?), v. t. To renounce the profession or pursuit of.

> His arms, which he had vowed to disprofess.

Spenser.

Dis*prof"it (?), n. Loss; damage. Foxe.

Dis*prof"it, v. i. & i. To be, or to cause to be, without profit or benefit. [Obs. or Archaic] Bale.

Dis*prof"it*a*ble (?), a. Unprofitable. [Obs.]

Dis*proof" (?), n. [Pref. dis- + proof. Cf. Disprove.] A proving to be false or erroneous; confutation; refutation; as, to offer evidence in disproof of a statement.

> I need not offer anything farther in support of one, or in disproof of the other.

Rogers.

Dis*prop"er*ty (?), v. t. To cause to be no longer property; to dispossess of. [R.] Shak.

Dis`pro*por"tion (?), n. [Pref. dis- + proportion: cf. F. disproportion.] 1. Want of proportion in form or quantity; lack of symmetry; as, the arm may be in disproportion to the body; the disproportion of the length of a building to its height.

2. Want of suitableness, adequacy, or due proportion to an end or use; unsuitableness; disparity; as, the disproportion of strength or means to an object.

Dis`pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disproportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disproportioning.] To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end; to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.

> To shape my legs of an unequal size;
> To disproportion me in every part.

Shak.

> A degree of strength altogether disproportioned to the extent of its territory.

Prescott.

Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Disproportional; unsuitable in form, size, quantity, or adaptation; disproportionate; inadequate. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n. Hammond. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv.

Dis`pro*por"tion*al (?), a. Not having due proportion to something else; not having proportion or symmetry of parts; unsuitable in form, quantity or value; inadequate; unequal; as, a disproportional limb constitutes deformity in the body; the studies of youth should not be disproportional to their understanding.

Dis`pro*por`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being disproportional. Dr. H. More.

Dis`pro*por"tion*al*ly, adv. In a disproportional manner; unsuitably in form, quantity, or value; unequally.

Dis`pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion; inadequate; as, in a perfect body none of the limbs are disproportionate; it is wisdom not to undertake a work disproportionate means. - - Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly, adv. -- Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

Dis*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [L. dis- + propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper.] To cancel the appropriation of; to disappropriate. [R.]

Dis*prov"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being disproved or refuted. Boyle.

Dis*prov"al (?), n. Act of disproving; disproof. [R.]

<! p. 431 !>

Dis*prove" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disproved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disproving.] [Pref. dis- + prove: cf. OF. desprover.] 1. To prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; to refute.

> That false supposition I advanced in order to disprove it.

Atterbury.

2. To disallow; to disapprove of. [Obs.] Stirling.

Dis*prov"er (?), n. One who disproves or confutes.

Dis`pro*vide" (?), v. t. Not to provide; to fail to provide. [Obs.] Boyle.

Dis*punct" (?), a. Wanting in punctilious respect; discourteous. [Obs.]

> That were dispunct to the ladies.

B. Jonson.

Dis*punct", v. t. [See 1st Dispunge.] To expunge. [Obs.] Foxe.

Dis*punge" (?), v. t. [L. dispungere to prick apart, i. e., check off the debts and credits of an account; dis- + pungere to prick.] To expunge; to erase. [Obs.]

Dis*punge", v. t. See Disponge. [Obs.]

Dis*pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. Without penal restraint; not punishable. [R.] Swift.

Dis*pur"pose (?), v. t. To dissuade; to frustrate; as, to dispurpose plots. [R.] A. Brewer.

Dis*purse" (?), v. t. To disburse. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis`pur*vey" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + purvey: cf. OF. desporveoir, F. dépourvoir.] To disfurnish; to strip. [Obs.] Heywood.

Dis`pur*vey"ance (?), n. Want of provisions; &?;ack of food. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis`pu*ta*ble (?; 277), a. [L. disputabilis: cf. F. disputable. See Dispute, v. i.] 1. Capable of being disputed; liable to be called in question, controverted, or contested; or doubtful certainty or propriety; controvertible; as, disputable opinions, propositions, points, or questions.

> Actions, every one of which is very disputable.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Disputatious; contentious. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis`pu*ta*ble*ness, n. State of being disputable.

Dis`pu*tac"i*ty (?), n. [See Dispute, v. i.] Proneness to dispute. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

Dis"pu*tant (?), a. [L. disputants, p. pr. of disputare: cf. F. disputant. See Dispute, v. i.] Disputing; engaged in controversy. Milton.

Dis"pu*tant, n. One who disputes; one who argues in opposition to another; one appointed to dispute; a controvertist; a reasoner in opposition.

> A singularly eager, acute, and pertinacious disputant.

Macaulay.

Dis`pu*ta"tion (?), n. [OE. desputeson, disputacion, OF. desputeison, F. disputation, fr. L. disputatio. See Dispute, v. i.] 1. The act of disputing; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to something, or on opposite sides; controversy in words; verbal contest respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition, or argument.

2. A rhetorical exercise in which parties reason in opposition to each other on some question proposed.

Dis`pu*ta"tious (?), a. Inclined to dispute; apt to civil or controvert; characterized by dispute; as, a disputatious person or temper.

> The Christian doctrine of a future life was no recommendation of the new religion to the wits and philosophers of that disputations period.

Buckminster.

-- Dis`pu*ta"tious*ly, adv. -- Dis`pu*ta"tious*ness, n.

Dis*put"a*tive (?), a. [L. disputativus.] Disposed to dispute; inclined to cavil or to reason in opposition; as, a disputative temper. I. Watts.

Dis*pute" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Disputing.] [OE. desputen, disputen, OF. desputer, disputer, F. disputer, from L. disputare, disputatum; dis- + putare to clean; hence, fig., to clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See Putative, Pure.] To contend in argument; to argue against something maintained, upheld, or claimed, by another; to discuss; to reason; to debate; to altercate; to wrangle.

> Therefore disputed [reasoned, Rev. Ver.] he in synagogue with the Jews.

Acts xvii. 17.

Dis*pute", v. t. 1. To make a subject of disputation; to argue pro and con; to discuss.

> The rest I reserve it be disputed how the magistrate is to do herein.

Milton.

2. To oppose by argument or assertion; to attempt to overthrow; to controvert; to express dissent or opposition to; to call in question; to deny the truth or validity of; as, to dispute assertions or arguments.

> To seize goods under the disputed authority of writs of assistance.

Bancroft.

3. To strive or contend about; to contest.

> To dispute the possession of the ground with the Spaniards.

Prescott.

4. To struggle against; to resist. [Obs.]

> Dispute it [grief] like a man.

Shak.

Syn. -- To controvert; contest; gainsay; doubt; question; argue; debate; discuss; impugn. See Argue.

Dis*pute", n. [Cf. F. dispute. See Dispute, v. i.] 1. Verbal controversy; contest by opposing argument or expression of opposing views or claims; controversial discussion; altercation; debate.

> Addicted more
> To contemplation and profound dispute.

Milton.

2. Contest; struggle; quarrel. De Foe.

Beyond dispute, Without dispute, indisputably; incontrovertibly.

Syn. -- Altercation; controversy; argumentation; debate; discussion; quarrel; disagreement; difference; contention; wrangling. See Altercation.

Dis*pute"less, a. Admitting no dispute; incontrovertible. Bailey.

Dis*put"er (?), n. One who disputes, or who is given to disputes; a controvertist.

> Where is the disputer of this world?

1 Cor. i. 20.

Dis*pu"ti*son (?), n. [See Disputation.] Dispute; discussion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*qual`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act of disqualifying, or state of being disqualified; want of qualification; incompetency; disability; as, the disqualification of men for holding certain offices.

2. That which disqualifies; that which incapacitates or makes unfit; as, conviction of crime is a disqualification of a person for office; sickness is a disqualification for labor.

> I must still retain the consciousness of those disqualifications which you have been pleased to overlook.

Sir J. Shore.

Dis*qual"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disqualified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disqualifying.] 1. To deprive of the qualities or properties necessary for any purpose; to render unfit; to incapacitate; -- with for or from before the purpose, state, or act.

> My common illness disqualifies me for all conversation; I mean my deafness.

Swift.

> Me are not disqualified by their engagements in trade from being received in high society.

Southey.

2. To deprive of some power, right, or privilege, by positive restriction; to disable; to debar legally; as, a conviction of perjury disqualifies a man to be a witness.

Dis*quan"ti*ty (?), v. t. To diminish the quantity of; to lessen. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*qui"et (?), a. Deprived of quiet; impatient; restless; uneasy. [R.] Shak.

Dis*qui"et, n. Want of quiet; want of tranquility in body or mind; uneasiness; restlessness; disturbance; anxiety. Swift.

Dis*qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disquieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disquieting.] To render unquiet; to deprive of peace, rest, or tranquility; to make uneasy or restless; to disturb.

> Why art thou cast down, O my soul, and why art thou disquieted within me?

Ps. xlii. 11.

> As quiet as these disquieted times will permit.

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To harass; disturb; vex; fret; excite; agitate.

Dis*qui"et*al (?), n. The act of disquieting; a state of disquiet. [Obs.]

> [It] roars and strives 'gainst its disquietal.

Dr. H. More.

Dis*qui"et*er (?), n. One who, or that which, disquiets, or makes uneasy; a disturber.

Dis*qui"et*ful (?), a. Producing inquietude or uneasiness. [R.] Barrow.

Dis*qui"et*ive (?), a. Tending to disquiet. [R.]

Dis*qui"et*ly, adv. In a disquiet manner; uneasily; as, he rested disquietly that night. [R.] Wiseman.

Dis*qui"et*ment (?), n. State of being disquieted; uneasiness; harassment. [R.] Hopkins.

Dis*qui"et*ness, n. Disturbance of quiet in body or mind; restlessness; uneasiness. Hooker.

Dis*qui"et*ous (?), a. Causing uneasiness. [R.]

> So distasteful and disquietous to a number of men.

Milton.

Dis*qui"et*tude (?), n. Want of peace or tranquility; uneasiness; disturbance; agitation; anxiety.

> Fears and disquietude, and unavoidable anxieties of mind.

Abp. Sharp.

Dis`qui*si"tion (?), n. [L. disquisitio, fr. disquirere to inquire diligently, investigate; dis- + quaerere to seek. See Quest.] A formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any subject; a full examination or investigation of a matter, with the arguments and facts bearing upon it; elaborate essay; dissertation.

> For accurate research or grave disquisition he was not well qualified.

Macaulay.

Dis`qui*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to disquisition; of the nature of disquisition.

Dis`qui*si"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to disquisition; disquisitional.

Dis*quis"i*tive (?), a. Relating to disquisition; fond of discussion or investigation; examining; inquisitive.

Dis*quis`i*to"ri*al (?), a. Disquisitory.

Dis*quis"i*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to disquisition; disquisitive. Ed. Rev.

Dis*range" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + range: cf. OF. desrengier, F. dérangier. See Derange, Disrank.] To disarrange. [Obs.] Wood.

Dis*rank" (?; see Dis-), v. t. [Cf. Derange.] 1. To degrade from rank. [Obs.]

2. To throw out of rank or into confusion. Decker.

Dis*rate" (?), v. t. To reduce to a lower rating or rank; to degrade. Marryat.

Dis*ray" (?), variant of Disarray. [Obs.] Holland.

Dis*re"al*ize (?), v. t. To divest of reality; to make uncertain. [Obs.] Udall.

Dis`re*gard" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disregarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Disregarding.] Not to regard; to pay no heed to; to omit to take notice of; to neglect to observe; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice; as, to disregard the admonitions of conscience.

> Studious of good, man disregarded fame.

Blackmore.

Dis`re*gard", n. The act of disregarding, or the state of being disregarded; intentional neglect; omission of notice; want of attention; slight.

> The disregard of experience.

Whewell.

Dis`re*gard"er (?), n. One who disregards.

Dis`re*gard"ful (?), a. Neglect; negligent; heedless; regardless.

Dis`re*gard"ful*ly, adv. Negligently; heedlessly.

Dis*rel"ish (?; see Dis-), n. 1. Want of relish; dislike (of the palate or of the mind); distaste; a slight degree of disgust; as, a disrelish for some kinds of food.

> Men love to hear of their power, but have an extreme disrelish to be told of their duty.

Burke.

2. Absence of relishing or palatable quality; bad taste; nauseousness. Milton.

Dis*rel"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrelished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disrelishing.] 1. Not to relish; to regard as unpalatable or offensive; to feel a degree of disgust at. Pope.

2. To deprive of relish; to make nauseous or disgusting in a slight degree. Milton.

Dis`re*mem"ber (?), v. t. To fail to remember; to forget. [Obs. or Archaic]

Dis`re*pair" (?), n. A state of being in bad condition, and wanting repair.

> The fortifications were ancient and in disrepair.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis*rep`u*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being disreputable. [R.]

Dis*rep"u*ta*ble (?), a. Not reputable; of bad repute; not in esteem; dishonorable; disgracing the reputation; tending to bring into disesteem; as, it is disreputable to associate familiarly with the mean, the lewd, and the profane.

> Why should you think that conduct disreputable in priests which you probably consider as laudable in yourself?

Bp. Watson.

Syn. -- Dishonorable; discreditable; low; mean; disgraceful; shameful.

Dis*rep"u*ta*bly, adv. In a disreputable manner.

Dis*rep`u*ta"tion (?), n. Loss or want of reputation or good name; dishonor; disrepute; disesteem. "A disreputation of piety." Jer. Taylor.

Dis`re*pute" (?), n. Loss or want of reputation; ill character; disesteem; discredit.

> At the beginning of the eighteenth century astrology fell into general disrepute.

Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Disesteem; discredit; dishonor; disgrace.

Dis`re*pute", v. t. To bring into disreputation; to hold in dishonor. [R.]

> More inclined to love them than to disrepute them.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis`re*spect" (?), n. Want of respect or reverence; disesteem; incivility; discourtesy.

> Impatience of bearing the least affront or disrespect.

Pope.

Dis`re*spect", v. t. To show disrespect to.

> We have disrespected and slighted God.

Comber.

Dis`re*spect`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of respectability. Thackeray.

Dis`re*spect"a*ble (?), a. Not respectable; disreputable. M. Arnold.

Dis`re*spect"er (?), n. One who disrespects.

Dis`re*spect"ful (?), a. Wanting in respect; manifesting disesteem or lack of respect; uncivil; as, disrespectful behavior. -- Dis`re*spect"ful*ly, adv. -- Dis`re*spect"ful*ness, n.

Dis`re*spect"ive (?), a. Showing want of respect; disrespectful. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*rev"er*ence (?), v. t. To treat irreverently or with disrespect. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Dis*robe" (?; see Dis-), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Disrobed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disrobing.] To divest of a robe; to undress; figuratively, to strip of covering; to divest of that which clothes or decorates; as, autumn disrobes the fields of verdure.

> Two great peers were disrobed of their glory.

Sir H. Wotton.

Dis*rob"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disrobes.

Dis*roof" (?), v. t. To unroof. [R.] Carlyle.

Dis*root" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disrooting.] To tear up the roots of, or by the roots; hence, to tear from a foundation; to uproot.

> A piece of ground disrooted from its situation by subterraneous inundations.

Goldsmith.

Dis*rout" (?), v. i. [Cf. OF. desrouter, F. dérouter.] To put to rout. Taylor (1630).

Dis*rud"der (?), v. t. To deprive of the rudder, as a ship.

Dis*ru"li*ly (?), adv. In a disorderly manner. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Dis*ru"ly (?), a. Unruly; disorderly. [Obs.]

Dis*rupt" (?), a. [L. disruptus, diruptus, p. p. of disrumpere, to break or burst asunder; dis- + rumpere to break, burst. See Rupture.] Rent off; torn asunder; severed; disrupted.

Dis*rupt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disrupted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disrupting.] To break asunder; to rend. Thomson.

Dis*rup"tion (?), n. [L. disruptio, diruptio.] The act or rending asunder, or the state of being rent asunder or broken in pieces; breach; rent; dilaceration; rupture; as, the disruption of rocks in an earthquake; disruption of a state.

Dis*rupt"ive (?), a. Causing, or tending to cause, disruption; caused by disruption; breaking through; bursting; as, the disruptive discharge of an electrical battery. Nichol.

Dis*rup"ture (?), n. Disruption. [R.] Jefferson.

Dis*sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. The state of being dissatisfied, unsatisfied, or discontented; uneasiness proceeding from the want of gratification, or from disappointed wishes and expectations.

> The ambitious man has little happiness, but is subject to much uneasiness and dissatisfaction.

Addison.

Syn. -- Discontent; discontentment; displeasure; disapprobation; distaste; dislike.

Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ry (?), a. Causing dissatisfaction; unable to give content; unsatisfactory; displeasing.

> To have reduced the different qualifications in the different States to one uniform rule, would probably have been as dissatisfactory to some of the States, as difficult for the Convention.

A. Hamilton.

-- Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness (#), n.

Dis*sat"is*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissatisfied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dissatisfying.] To render unsatisfied or discontented; to excite uneasiness in by frustrating wishes or expectations; to displease by the want of something requisite; as, to be dissatisfied with one's fortune.

> The dissatisfied factions of the autocracy.

Bancroft.

Dis*seat" (?), v. t. To unseat. [R.] Shak.

Dis*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissected; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissecting.] [L. dissectus, p. p. of dissecare; dis- + secare to cut. See Section.] 1. (Anat.) To divide into separate parts; to cut in pieces; to separate and expose the parts of, as an animal or a plant, for examination and to show their structure and relations; to anatomize.

<! p. 432 !>

2. To analyze, for the purposes of science or criticism; to divide and examine minutely.

> This paragraph . . . I have dissected for a sample.

Atterbury.

Dis*sect"ed (?), a. 1. Cut into several parts; divided into sections; as, a dissected map.

2. (Bot.) Cut deeply into many lobes or divisions; as, a dissected leaf.

Dis*sect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being dissected, or separated by dissection. Paley.

Dis*sect"ing, a. 1. Dividing or separating the parts of an animal or vegetable body; as, a dissecting aneurism, one which makes its way between or within the coats of an artery.

2. Of or pertaining to, or received during, a dissection; as, a dissecting wound.

3. Used for or in dissecting; as, a dissecting knife; a dissecting microscope.

Dis*sec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dissection.] 1. The act of dissecting an animal or plant; as, dissection of the human body was held sacrilege till the time of Francis I.

2. Fig.: The act of separating or dividing for the purpose of critical examination.

3. Anything dissected; especially, some part, or the whole, of an animal or plant dissected so as to exhibit the structure; an anatomical so prepared.

Dissection wound, a poisoned wound incurred during the dissection of a dead body.

Dis*sect"or (?), n. [Cf. F. dissecteur.] One who dissects; an anatomist.

Dis*seize" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disseized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disseizing.] [Pref. dis- + seize: cf. F. dessaisir.] (Law) To deprive of seizin or possession; to dispossess or oust wrongfully (one in freehold possession of land); -- followed by of; as, to disseize a tenant of his freehold. [Written also disseise.]

> Which savage beasts strive as eagerly to keep and hold those golden mines, as the Arimaspians to disseize them thereof.

Holland.

Dis`sei*zee" (?), n. (Law) A person disseized, or put out of possession of an estate unlawfully; -- correlative to disseizor. [Written also disseisee.]

Dis*sei"zin (?), n. [OF. dessaisine.] (Law) The act of disseizing; an unlawful dispossessing and ouster of a person actually seized of the freehold. [Written also disseisin.] Blackstone.

Dis*sei"zor (?), n. (Law) One who wrongfully disseizes, or puts another out of possession of a freehold. [Written also disseisor.] Blackstone.

Dis*sei"zor*ess, n. (Law) A woman disseizes.

Dis*sei"zure (?; 135), n. Disseizin. Speed.

Dis*sem"blance (?), n. [Cf. F. dissemblance. See Dissemble.] Want of resemblance; dissimilitude. [R.] Osborne.

Dis*sem"blance, n. [Dissemble + -ance.] The act or art of dissembling; dissimulation. [Obs.]

Dis*sem"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissembled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissembling (?).] [OF. dissembler to be dissimilar; pref. dis- (L. dis-) + F. sembler to seem, L. simulare to simulate; cf. L. dissimulare to dissemble. See Simulate, and cf. Dissimulate.] 1. To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something) not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to disguise; to mask.

> Dissemble all your griefs and discontents.

Shak.

> Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love,
> But -- why did you kick me down stairs?

J. P. Kemble.

2. To put on the semblance of; to make pretense of; to simulate; to feign.

> He soon dissembled a sleep.

Tatler.

Syn. -- To conceal; disguise; cloak; cover; equivocate. See Conceal.

Dis*sem"ble, v. i. To conceal the real fact, motives, intention, or sentiments, under some pretense; to assume a false appearance; to act the hypocrite.

> He that hateth dissembleth with his lips.

Prov. xxvi. 24.

> He [an enemy] dissembles when he assumes an air of friendship.

C. J. Smith.

Dis*sem"bler (?), n. One who dissembles; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance; a hypocrite.

> It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest dissemblers.

Bacon.

> Priests, princes, women, no dissemblers here.

Pope.

Syn. -- Dissembler, Hypocrite. A person is called a dissembler with reference to his concealment of his real character, and a hypocrite with reference to his assumption of a false character. But hypocrite is the stronger word, being commonly used to characterize a person who is habitually insincere and false, especially one who makes professions of goodness when his aims are selfish and his life corrupt.

Dis*sem"bling (?), a. That dissembles; hypocritical; false. -- Dis*sem"bling*ly, adv.

Dis*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Disseminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Disseminating.] [L. disseminatus, p. p. of disseminare to disseminate; dis- + seminare to sow, semen seed. See Seminary.] 1. To sow broadcast or as seed; to scatter for growth and propagation, like seed; to spread abroad; to diffuse; as, principles, ideas, opinions, and errors are disseminated when they are spread abroad for propagation.

2. To spread or extend by dispersion.

> A nearly uniform and constant fire or heat disseminated throughout the body of the earth.

Woodward.

Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; circulate; disperse; scatter.

Dis*sem"i*na`ted (?), p. a. (Min.) Occurring in small portions scattered through some other substance.

Dis*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. disseminatio: cf. F. dissémination.] The act of disseminating, or the state of being disseminated; diffusion for propagation and permanence; a scattering or spreading abroad, as of ideas, beliefs, etc.

> The universal dissemination of those writings.

Wayland.

Dis*sem"i*na*tive (?), a. Tending to disseminate, or to become disseminated.

> The effect of heresy is, like the plague, infectious and disseminative.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis*sem"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, disseminates, spreads, or propagates; as, disseminators of disease.

Dis*sen"sion (?), n. [L. dissensio: cf. F. dissension. See Dissent.] Disagreement in opinion, usually of a violent character, producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; partisan and contentious divisions; breach of friendship and union; strife; discord; quarrel.

> Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them.

Acts xv. 2.

> Debates, dissension, uproars are thy joy.

Dryden.

> A seditious person and raiser-up of dissension among the people.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

Dis*sen"sious (?), a. Disposed to discord; contentious; dissentious. [R.] Ascham. -- Dis*sen"sious*ly, adv. Chapman.

Dis*sent" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dissented; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissenting.] [L. dissentire, dissentum; dis- + sentire to feel, think. See Sense.] 1. To differ in opinion; to be of unlike or contrary sentiment; to disagree; -- followed by from.

> The bill passed . . . without a dissenting voice.

Hallam.

> Opinions in which multitudes of men dissent from us.

Addison.

2. (Eccl.) To differ from an established church in regard to doctrines, rites, or government.

3. To differ; to be of a contrary nature. Hooker.

Dis*sent", n. 1. The act of dissenting; difference of opinion; refusal to adopt something proposed; nonagreement, nonconcurrence, or disagreement.

> The dissent of no small number [of peers] is frequently recorded.

Hallam.

2. (Eccl.) Separation from an established church, especially that of England; nonconformity.

> It is the dissidence of dissent and the protestantism of the Protestant religion.

Burke.

3. Contrariety of nature; diversity in quality. [Obs.]

> The dissent of the metals.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Disagreement; variance; difference; nonconcurrence; nonconformity.

Dis`sen*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. dissentaneus.] Disagreeing; contrary; differing; -- opposed to consentaneous. [R.] Barrow.

Dis"sen*ta*ny (?), a. Dissentaneous; inconsistent. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis`sen*ta"tion (?), n. Dissension. [Obs.] W. Browne.

Dis*sent"er (?), n. 1. One who dissents; one who differs in opinion, or declares his disagreement.

2. (Eccl.) One who separates from the service and worship of an established church; especially, one who disputes the authority or tenets of the Church of England; a nonconformist.

> Dissenters from the establishment of their several countries.

Burke.

> Robert Brown is said to have the first formal dissenter.

Shipley.

"The word is commonly applied only to Protestants. The Roman Catholics are generally referred to as a distinct class." Brande & C.

Dis*sent"er*ism (?), n. The spirit or principles of dissenters. Ed. Rev.

Dis*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To throw into a state of dissent. [R.] Feltham.

Dis*sen"tient (?), a. [L. dissentiens, p. pr. of dissentire. See Dissent, v. i.] Disagreeing; declaring dissent; dissenting. -- n. One who dissents. Macaulay.

Dis*sen"tious (?), a. Marked by dissensions; apt to breed discord; quarrelsome; contentious; factious. -- Dis*sen"tious*ly, adv.

Dis*sent"ive (?), a. Disagreeing; inconsistent. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis*sep"i*ment (?), n. [L. dissaepimentum, fr. dissaepire; dis- + saepire to hedge in, inclose.] 1. A separating tissue; a partition; a septum.

2. (Bot.) One of the partitions which divide a compound ovary into cells.

3. (Zoöl.) One of the transverse, calcareous partitions between the radiating septa of a coral.

Dis*sert" (?), v. i. [L. dissertus, p. p. of disserere; dis- + serere to join, connect: cf. F. disserter. See Series.] To discourse or dispute; to discuss. [R.]

> We have disserted upon it a little longer than was necessary.

Jeffrey.

Dis"ser*tate (?), v. i. [L. dissertatus, p. p. of dissertare to discuss, intents, fr. disserere. See Dissert.] To deal in dissertation; to write dissertations; to discourse. [R.] J. Foster.

Dis`ser*ta"tion (?), n. [L. dissertatio: cf. F. dissertation.] A formal or elaborate argumentative discourse, oral or written; a disquisition; an essay; a discussion; as, Dissertations on the Prophecies.

Dis`ser*ta"tion*al (?), a. Relating to dissertations; resembling a dissertation.

Dis`ser*ta"tion*ist, n. A writer of dissertations.

Dis"ser*ta`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. dissertateur.] One who writers a dissertation; one who discourses. Boyle.

Dis*sert"ly (?), adv. See Disertly. [Obs.]

Dis*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Di&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disserving.] [Pref. dis- + serve: cf. F. desservir.] To fail to serve; to do injury or mischief to; to damage; to hurt; to harm.

> Have neither served nor disserved the interests of any party.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis*serv"ice (?), n. [Pref. dis- + service: cf. F. desservice.] Injury; mischief.

> We shall rather perform good offices unto truth than any disservice unto their relators.

Sir T. Browne.

Dis*serv"ice*a*ble (?), a. Calculated to do disservice or harm; not serviceable; injurious; harmful; unserviceable. Shaftesbury. -- Dis*serv"ice*a*ble*ness, n. Norris. -- Dis*serv"ice*a*bly, adv.

Dis*set"tle (?), v. t. To unsettle. [Obs.]

Dis*set"tle*ment (?), n. The act of unsettling, or the state of being unsettled. Marvell.

Dis*sev"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissevered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dissevering.] [OE. dessevrer; pref. des- (L. dis-) + sevrer to sever, F. sevrer to wean, L. separate to separate. In this word the prefix is intensive. See Dis-, and Sever.] To part in two; to sever thoroughly; to sunder; to disunite; to separate; to disperse.

> The storm so dissevered the company . . . that most of therm never met again.

Sir P. Sidney.

> States disserved, discordant, belligerent.

D. Webster.

Dis*sev"er, v. i. To part; to separate. Chaucer.

Dis*sev"er*ance (?), n. [OF. dessevrance.] The act of disserving; separation.

Dis*sev`er*a"tion (?), n. The act of disserving; disseverance. [Obs.]

Dis*sev"er*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. dessevrement.] Disseverance. Sir W. Scott.

Dis*shad"ow (?), v. t. To free from shadow or shade. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Dis*sheathe" (?), v. i. To become unsheathed. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Dis*ship" (?), v. t. To dismiss from service on board ship. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Dis*shiv"er (?), v. t. & i. To shiver or break in pieces. [Obs.]

Dis"si*dence (?), n. [L. dissidentia: cf. F. dissidence. See Dissident, a.] Disagreement; dissent; separation from the established religion. I. Taylor.

> It is the dissidence of dissent.

Burke.

Dis"si*dent (?), a. [L. dissidens, -entis, p. pr. of dissidere to sit apart, to disagree; dis- + sedere to sit: cf. F. dissident. See Sit.] No agreeing; dissenting; discordant; different.

> Our life and manners be dissident from theirs.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

Dis"si*dent, n. (Eccl.) One who disagrees or dissents; one who separates from the established religion.

> The dissident, habituated and taught to think of his dissidenc&?; as a laudable and necessary opposition to ecclesiastical usurpation.

I. Taylor.

Dis"si*dent*ly, adv. In a dissident manner.

{ Dis*sil"i*ence (?; 106), Dis*sil"i*en*cy (?), } n. The act of leaping or starting asunder. Johnson.

Dis*sil"i*ent (?), a. [L. dissiliens, -entis, p. pr. of dissilire to leap asunder: dis- + salire to leap.] Starting asunder; bursting and opening with an elastic force; dehiscing explosively; as, a dissilient pericarp.

Dis`si*li"tion (?), n. The act of bursting or springing apart. [R.] Boyle.

Dis*sim"i*lar (?), a. [Pref. dis- + similar: cf. F. dissimilaire.] Not similar; unlike; heterogeneous; as, the tempers of men are as dissimilar as their features.

> This part very dissimilar to any other.

Boyle.

Dis*sim`i*lar"i*ty (?), n. Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilitude; variety; as, the dissimilarity of human faces and forms. Sir W. Jones.

Dis*sim"i*lar*ly (?), adv. In a dissimilar manner; in a varied style.

> With verdant shrubs dissimilarly gay.

C. Smart.

Dis*sim"i*late (?), v. t. To render dissimilar.

Dis*sim`i*la"tion (?), n. The act of making dissimilar. H. Sweet.

Dis*sim"i*le (?), n. [L. dissimile, neut. of dissimilis unlike.] (Rhet.) Comparison or illustration by contraries.

Dis`si*mil"i*tude (?), n. [L. dissimilitudo, fr. dissimilis: cf. F. dissimilitude.] 1. Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.

> Dissimilitude between the Divinity and images.

Stillingfleet.

2. (Rhet.) A comparison by contrast; a dissimile.

Dis*sim"u*late (?), a. [L. dissimulatus, p. p. of dissimulare. See Dissemble.] Feigning; simulating; pretending. [Obs.] Henryson.

Dis*sim"u*late (?), v. i. To dissemble; to feign; to pretend.

Dis*sim`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. dissimulatio: cf. F. dissimulation.] The act of dissembling; a hiding under a false appearance; concealment by feigning; false pretension; hypocrisy.

> Let love be without dissimulation.

Rom. xii. 9.

> Dissimulation . . . when a man lets fall signs and arguments that he is not that he is.

Bacon.

> Simulation is a pretense of what is not, and dissimulation a concealment of what is.

Tatler.

Dis*sim"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who dissimulates; a dissembler.

Dis*sim"ule (?), v. t. & i. [F. dissimuler. See Dissimulate.] To dissemble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis*sim"u*ler (?), n. A dissembler. [Obs.]

Dis*sim"u*lour (?), n. [OF. dissimuleur.] A dissembler. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dis"si*pa*ble (?), a. [L. dissipabilis.] Capable of being scattered or dissipated. [R.]

> The heat of those plants is very dissipable.

Bacon.

<! p. 433 !>

Dis"si*pate (ds"s*pt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissipated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissipating.] [L. dissipatus, p. p. of dissipare; dis- + an obsolete verb sipare, supare. to throw.] 1. To scatter completely; to disperse and cause to disappear; -- used esp. of the dispersion of things that can never again be collected or restored.

> Dissipated those foggy mists of error.

Selden.

> I soon dissipated his fears.

Cook.

> The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual energy.

Hazlitt.

2. To destroy by wasteful extravagance or lavish use; to squander.

> The vast wealth . . . was in three years dissipated.

Bp. Burnet.

Syn. -- To disperse; scatter; dispel; spend; squander; waste; consume; lavish.

Dis"si*pate, v. i. 1. To separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to scatter; to disperse; to vanish; as, a fog or cloud gradually dissipates before the rays or heat of the sun; the heat of a body dissipates.

2. To be extravagant, wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; to engage in dissipation.

Dis"si*pa`ted (ds"s*p`td), a. 1. Squandered; scattered. "Dissipated wealth." Johnson.

2. Wasteful of health, money, etc., in the pursuit of pleasure; dissolute; intemperate.

> A life irregular and dissipated.

Johnson.

Dis`si*pa"tion (?), n. [L. dissipatio: cf. F. dissipation.] 1. The act of dissipating or dispersing; a state of dispersion or separation; dispersion; waste.

> Without loss or dissipation of the matter.

Bacon.

> The famous dissipation of mankind.

Sir M. Hale.

2. A dissolute course of life, in which health, money, etc., are squandered in pursuit of pleasure; profuseness in vicious indulgence, as late hours, riotous living, etc.; dissoluteness.

> To reclaim the spendthrift from his dissipation and extravagance.

P. Henry.

3. A trifle which wastes time or distracts attention.

> Prevented from finishing them [the letters] a thousand avocations and dissipations.

Swift.

Dissipation of energy. Same as Degradation of energy, under Degradation.

Dis"si*pa*tive (?), a. Tending to dissipate.

Dissipative system (Mech.), an assumed system of matter and motions in which forces of friction and resistances of other kinds are introduced without regard to the heat or other molecular actions which they generate; -- opposed to conservative system.

Dis`si*pa*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The rate at which palpable energy is dissipated away into other forms of energy.

Dis"site (?), a. [L. dissitus.] Lying apart. [Obs.]

> Lands far dissite and remote asunder.

Holland.

Dis*slan"der (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- (intens.) + slander.] To slander. [Obs.] Legend of Dido.

Dis*slan"der, n. Slander. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Dis*slan"der*ous (?), a. Slanderous. [Obs.]

Dis*so`cia*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of sociability; unsociableness. Bp. Warburton.

Dis*so"cia*ble (?), a. [L. dissociabilis, fr. dissociare: cf. F. dissociable. See Dissociate.] 1. Not well associated or assorted; incongruous.

> They came in two and two, though matched in the most dissociable manner.

Spectator.

2. Having a tendency to dissolve social connections; unsuitable to society; unsociable.

Dis*so"cial (?), a. [Pref. dis- + social: cf. L. dissocialis. See Dissociate, v. t.] Unfriendly to society; contracted; selfish; as, dissocial feelings.

Dis*so"cial*ize (?), v. t. To render unsocial.

Dis*so"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissociated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissociating.] [L. dissociatus, p. p. of dissociare to dissociate; dis- + sociare to unite, associate, socius companion. See Social.] To separate from fellowship or union; to disunite; to disjoin; as, to dissociate the particles of a concrete substance.

> Before Wyclif's death in 1384, John of Gaunt had openly dissociated himself from the reformer.

A. W. Ward.

Dis*so`ci*a"tion (?; 106), n. [L. dissociatio: cf. F. dissociation.] 1. The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.

> It will add infinitely dissociation, distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics.

Burke.

2. (Chem.) The process by which a compound body breaks up into simpler constituents; -- said particularly of the action of heat on gaseous or volatile substances; as, the dissociation of the sulphur molecules; the dissociation of ammonium chloride into hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

Dis*so"ci*a*tive (?), a. Tending or leading to dissociation.

Dis`so*lu*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being dissoluble; capacity of being dissoluble; capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid.

Dis"so*lu*ble (?), a. [L. dissolubilis: cf. F. dissoluble. See Dissolve, and cf. Dissolvable.] 1. Capable of being dissolved; having its parts separable by heat or moisture; convertible into a fluid. Woodward.

2. Capable of being disunited.

Dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n. The quality of being dissoluble; dissolubility. Boyle.

Dis"so*lute (?), a. [L. dissolutus, p. p. of dissolvere: cf. F. dissolu. See Dissolve.] 1. With nerves unstrung; weak. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Loosed from restraint; esp., loose in morals and conduct; recklessly abandoned to sensual pleasures; profligate; wanton; lewd; debauched. "A wild and dissolute soldier." Motley.

Syn. -- Uncurbed; unbridled; disorderly; unrestrained; reckless; wild; wanton; vicious; lax; licentious; lewd; rakish; debauched; profligate.

Dis"so*lute*ly (?), adv. In a dissolute manner.

Dis"so*lute*ness, n. State or quality of being dissolute; looseness of morals and manners; addictedness to sinful pleasures; debauchery; dissipation.

> Chivalry had the vices of dissoluteness.

Bancroft.

Dis`so*lu"tion (?), n. [OE. dissolucioun dissoluteness, F. dissolution, fr. L. dissolutio, fr. dissolvere. See Dissolve.] 1. The act of dissolving, sundering, or separating into component parts; separation.

> Dissolutions of ancient amities.

Shak.

2. Change from a solid to a fluid state; solution by heat or moisture; liquefaction; melting.

3. Change of form by chemical agency; decomposition; resolution.

> The dissolution of the compound.

South.

4. The dispersion of an assembly by terminating its sessions; the breaking up of a partnership.

> Dissolution is the civil death of Parliament.

Blackstone.

5. The extinction of life in the human body; separation of the soul from the body; death.

> We expected
> Immediate dissolution.

Milton.

6. The state of being dissolved, or of undergoing liquefaction.

> A man of continual dissolution and thaw.

Shak.

7. The new product formed by dissolving a body; a solution. Bacon.

8. Destruction of anything by the separation of its parts; ruin.

> To make a present dissolution of the world.

Hooker.

9. Corruption of morals; dissipation; dissoluteness. [Obs. or R.] Atterbury.

Dis*solv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity of being dissolved; solubility. Richardson.

Dis*solv"a*ble (?), a. [From Dissolve, cf. Dissoluble.] Capable of being dissolved, or separated into component parts; capable of being liquefied; soluble. -- Dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n.

> Though everything which is compacted be in its own nature dissolvable.

Cudworth.

> Such things as are not dissolvable by the moisture of the tongue.

Sir I. Newton.

Dis*solv"a*tive (?), n. Having the power to dissolve anything; solvent. [Obs.] Frampton.

Dis*solve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dissolving.] [L. dissolvere, dissolutum; dis- + solvere to loose, free. See Solve, and cf. Dissolute.] 1. To separate into competent parts; to disorganize; to break up; hence, to bring to an end by separating the parts, sundering a relation, etc.; to terminate; to destroy; to deprive of force; as, to dissolve a partnership; to dissolve Parliament.

> Lest his ungoverned rage dissolve the life.

Shak.

2. To break the continuity of; to disconnect; to disunite; to sunder; to loosen; to undo; to separate.

> Nothing can dissolve us.

Shak.

> Down fell the duke, his joints dissolved asunder.

Fairfax.

> For one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another.

The Declaration of Independence.

3. To convert into a liquid by means of heat, moisture, etc.,; to melt; to liquefy; to soften.

> As if the world were all dissolved to tears.

Shak.

4. To solve; to clear up; to resolve. "Dissolved the mystery." Tennyson.

> Make interpretations and dissolve doubts.

Dan. v. 16.

5. To relax by pleasure; to make powerless.

> Angels dissolved in hallelujahs lie.

Dryden.

6. (Law) To annul; to rescind; to discharge or release; as, to dissolve an injunction.

Syn. -- See Adjourn.

Dis*solve", v. i. 1. To waste away; to be dissipated; to be decomposed or broken up.

2. To become fluid; to be melted; to be liquefied.

> A figure
> Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat
> Dissolves to water, and doth lose his form.

Shak.

3. To fade away; to fall to nothing; to lose power.

> The charm dissolves apace.

Shak.

Dis*solv"ent (?), a. [L. dissolvens, -entis, p. pr. of dissolvere.] Having power to dissolve power to dissolve a solid body; as, the dissolvent juices of the stomach. Ray.

Dis*solv"ent, n. 1. That which has the power of dissolving or melting other substances, esp. by mixture with them; a menstruum; a solvent.

> Melted in the crucible dissolvents.

A. Smith.

> The secret treaty of December acted as an immediate dissolvent to the truce.

Mothley.

2. (Med.) A remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in the body, such as calculi, tubercles, etc.

Dis*solv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, has power to dissolve or dissipate.

> Thou kind dissolver of encroaching care.

Otway.

Dis*solv"ing, a. Melting; breaking up; vanishing. -- Dis*solv"ing*ly, adv.

Dissolving view, a picture which grows dim and is gradually replaced by another on the same field; -- an effect produced by magic lanterns.

Dis"so*nance (?), n. [L. dissonantia: cf. F. dissonance.] 1. A mingling of discordant sounds; an inharmonious combination of sounds; discord.

> Filled the air with barbarous dissonance.

Milton.

2. Want of agreement; incongruity. Milton.

Dis"so*nan*cy (?), n. Discord; dissonance.

Dis"so*nant (?), a. [L. dissonans, -antis, p. pr. of dissonare to disagree in sound, be discordant; dis- + sonare to sound: cf. F. dissonant. See Sonant.] 1. Sounding harshly; discordant; unharmonious.

> With clamor of voices dissonant and loud.

Longfellow.

2. Disagreeing; incongruous; discrepant, -- with from or to. "Anything dissonant to truth." South.

> What can be dissonant from reason and nature than that a man, naturally inclined to clemency, should show himself unkind and inhuman?

Hakewill.

Dis*spir"it (?), v. t. See Dispirit.

Dis*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissuaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dissuading.] [L. dissuadere, dissuasum; dis- + suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. dissuader. See Suasion.] 1. To advise or exhort against; to try to persuade (one from a course). [Obsolescent]

> Mr. Burchell, on the contrary, dissuaded her with great ardor: and I stood neuter.

Goldsmith.

> War, therefore, open or concealed, alike
> My voice dissuades.

Milton.

2. To divert by persuasion; to turn from a purpose by reasons or motives; -- with from; as, I could not dissuade him from his purpose.

> I have tried what is possible to dissuade him.

Mad. D' Arblay.

Dis*suad"er (?), n. One who dissuades; a dehorter.

Dis*sua"sion (?), n. [L. dissuasio: cf. F. dissuasion. See Dissuade.] 1. The act of dissuading; exhortation against a thing; dehortation.

> In spite of all the dissuasions of his friends.

Boyle.

2. A motive or consideration tending to dissuade; a dissuasive.

Dis*sua"sive (?), a. Tending to dissuade or divert from a measure or purpose; dehortatory; as, dissuasive advice. -- n. A dissuasive argument or counsel; dissuasion; dehortation. Prynne. -- Dis*sua"sive*ly, adv.

Dis*sua"so*ry (?), n. A dissuasive. [R.]

> This virtuous and reasonable person, however, has ill luck in all his dissuasories.

Jeffrey.

Dis*sun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dissundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dissundering.] [Pref. dis- (intens) + sunder.] To separate; to sunder; to destroy. [R.] Chapman.

Dis*sweet"en (?), v. t. To deprive of sweetness. [R.] Bp. Richardson.

Dis`syl*lab"ic (ds`sl*lb"k), a. [Cf. F. dissyllabique. See Dissylable.] Consisting of two syllables only; as, a dissyllabic foot in poetry. B. Jonson.

Dis`syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. A forming into two syllables.

Dis`syl*lab"i*fy (?), v. t. [Dissyllable + -fly.] To form into two syllables. Ogilvie.

Dis*syl"la*bize (?), v. t. To form into two syllables; to dissyllabify.

Dis*syl"la*ble (?; 277), n. [F. dissyllabe, L. disyllabus, adj., of two syllables, fr. Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; syllable. See Syllable.] A word of two syllables; as, pa- per.

Dis`sym*met"ric*al (?), a. Not having symmetry; asymmetrical; unsymmetrical.

Dis*sym"me*try (?), n. [Pref. dis- + symmetry.] Absence or defect of symmetry; asymmetry.

Dis*sym"pa*thy (?), n. Lack of sympathy; want of interest; indifference. [R.]

Dis"tad (?), adv. [Distal + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward a distal part; on the distal side of; distally.

Dis"taff (?), n.; pl. Distaffs (#), rarely Distaves (#). [OE. distaf, dysestafe, AS. distaef; cf. LG. diesse the bunch of flax on a distaff, and E. dizen. See Staff.] 1. The staff for holding a bunch of flax, tow, or wool, from which the thread is drawn in spinning by hand.

> I will the distaff hold; come thou and spin.

Fairfax.

2. Used as a symbol of the holder of a distaff; hence, a woman; women, collectively.

> His crown usurped, a distaff on the throne.

Dryden.

> Some say the crozier, some say the distaff was too busy.

Howell.

The plural is regular, but Distaves occurs in Beaumont & Fletcher.

Descent by distaff, descent on the mother's side. -- Distaff Day, or Distaff's Day, the morrow of the Epiphany, that is, January 7, because working at the distaff was then resumed, after the Christmas festival; -- called also Rock Day, a distaff being called a rock. Shipley.

Dis*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distaining.] [OE. desteinen, OF. desteindre to take away the color, F. déteindre; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. teindre to tinge, dye, L. tingere. See Tinge, and cf. Stain.] To tinge with a different color from the natural or proper one; to stain; to discolor; to sully; to tarnish; to defile; -- used chiefly in poetry. "Distained with dirt and blood." Spenser.

> [She] hath . . . distained her honorable blood.

Spenser.

> The worthiness of praise distains his worth.

Shak.

Dis"tal (?), a. [From Distant.] (Physiol.) (a) Remote from the point of attachment or origin; as, the distal end of a bone or muscle; -- opposed to proximal. (b) Pertaining to that which is distal; as, the distal tuberosities of a bone.

Dis"tal*ly, adv. (Anat.) Toward a distal part.

Dis"tance (?), n. [F. distance, L. distantia.] 1. The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate; measure of separation in place.

> Every particle attracts every other with a force . . . inversely proportioned to the square of the distance.

Sir I. Newton.

2. Remoteness of place; a remote place.

> Easily managed from a distance.

W. Irving.

> 'T is distance lends enchantment to the view.

T. Campbell.

> [He] waits at distance till he hears from Cato.

Addison.

<! p. 434 !>

3. (Racing) A space marked out in the last part of a race course.

> The horse that ran the whole field out of distance.

L'Estrange.

In trotting matches under the rules of the American Association, the distance varies with the conditions of the race, being 80 yards in races of mile heats, best two in three, and 150 yards in races of two-mile heats. At that distance from the winning post is placed the distance post. If any horse has not reached this distance post before the first horse in that heat has reached the winning post, such horse is distanced, and disqualified for running again during that race.

4. (Mil.) Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured from front to rear; -- contrasted with interval, which is measured from right to left. "Distance between companies in close column is twelve yards." Farrow.

5. Space between two antagonists in fencing. Shak.

6. (Painting) The part of a picture which contains the representation of those objects which are the farthest away, esp. in a landscape.

In a picture, the Middle distance is the central portion between the foreground and the distance or the extreme distance. In a perspective drawing, the Point of distance is the point where the visual rays meet.

7. Ideal disjunction; discrepancy; contrariety. Locke.

8. Length or interval of time; period, past or future, between two eras or events.

> Ten years' distance between one and the other.

Prior.

> The writings of Euclid at the distance of two thousand years.

Playfair.

9. The remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, respect; ceremoniousness.

> I hope your modesty
> Will know what distance to the crown is due.

Dryden.

> 'T is by respect and distance that authority is upheld.

Atterbury.

10. A withholding of intimacy; alienation; coldness; disagreement; variance; restraint; reserve.

> Setting them [factions] at distance, or at least distrust amongst themselves.

Bacon.

> On the part of Heaven,
> Now alienated, distance and distaste.

Milton.

11. Remoteness in succession or relation; as, the distance between a descendant and his ancestor.

12. (Mus.) The interval between two notes; as, the distance of a fourth or seventh.

Angular distance, the distance made at the eye by lines drawn from the eye to two objects. -- Lunar distance. See under Lunar. -- North polar distance (Astron.), the distance on the heavens of a heavenly body from the north pole. It is the complement of the declination. -- Zenith distance (Astron.), the arc on the heavens from a heavenly body to the zenith of the observer. It is the complement of the altitude. -- To keep one's distance, to stand aloof; to refrain from familiarity.

> If a man makes me keep my distance, the comfort is he keeps his at the same time.

Swift.

Dis"tance (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distancing (?).] 1. To place at a distance or remotely.

> I heard nothing thereof at Oxford, being then miles distanced thence.

Fuller.

2. To cause to appear as if at a distance; to make seem remote.

> His peculiar art of distancing an object to aggrandize his space.

H. Miller.

3. To outstrip by as much as a distance (see Distance, n., 3); to leave far behind; to surpass greatly.

> He distanced the most skillful of his contemporaries.

Milner.

Dis"tan*cy (?), n. Distance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Dis"tant (?), a. [F., fr. L. distans, -antis, p. pr. of distare to stand apart, be separate or distant; dis- + stare to stand. See Stand.] 1. Separated; having an intervening space; at a distance; away.

> One board had two tenons, equally distant.

Ex. xxxvi. 22.

> Diana's temple is not distant far.

Shak.

2. Far separated; far off; not near; remote; -- in place, time, consanguinity, or connection; as, distant times; distant relatives.

> The success of these distant enterprises.

Prescott.

3. Reserved or repelling in manners; cold; not cordial; somewhat haughty; as, a distant manner.

> He passed me with a distant bow.

Goldsmith.

4. Indistinct; faint; obscure, as from distance.

> Some distant knowledge.

Shak.

> A distant glimpse.

W. Irving.

5. Not conformable; discrepant; repugnant; as, a practice so widely distant from Christianity.

Syn. -- Separate; far; remote; aloof; apart; asunder; slight; faint; indirect; indistinct.

Dis*tan"tial (?), a. Distant. [Obs.]

> More distantial from the eye.

W. Montagu.

Dis"tant*ly (?), adv. At a distance; remotely; with reserve.

Dis*taste" (?), n. 1. Aversion of the taste; dislike, as of food or drink; disrelish. Bacon.

2. Discomfort; uneasiness.

> Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes, and adversity is not without comforts and hopes.

Bacon.

3. Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.

> On the part of Heaven,
> Now alienated, distance and distaste.

Milton.

Syn. -- Disrelish; disinclination; dislike; aversion; displeasure; dissatisfaction; disgust.

Dis*taste", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Distasting.] 1. Not to have relish or taste for; to disrelish; to loathe; to dislike.

> Although my will distaste what it elected.

Shak.

2. To offend; to disgust; to displease. [Obs.]

> He thought in no policy to distaste the English or Irish by a course of reformation, but sought to please them.

Sir J. Davies.

3. To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful. Drayton.

Dis*taste" (?), v. i. To be distasteful; to taste ill or disagreeable. [Obs.]

> Dangerous conceits are, in their natures, poisons,
> Which at the are scarce found to distaste.

Shak.

Dis*taste"ful (?), a. 1. Unpleasant or disgusting to the taste; nauseous; loathsome.

2. Offensive; displeasing to the feelings; disagreeable; as, a distasteful truth.

> Distasteful answer, and sometimes unfriendly actions.

Milton.

3. Manifesting distaste or dislike; repulsive. "Distasteful looks." Shak.

Syn. -- Nauseous; unsavory; unpalatable; offensive; displeasing; dissatisfactory; disgusting.

- Dis*taste"ful*ly, adv. -- Dis*taste"ful*ness, n.

Dis*taste"ive (?), a. Tending to excite distaste. [Obs.] -- n. That which excites distaste or aversion. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Dis*tas"ture (?; 135), n. Something which excites distaste or disgust. [Obs.] Speed.

Dis*tem"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distempering.] [OF. destemprer, destremper, to distemper, F. détremper to soak, soften, slake (lime); pref. des- (L. dis-) + OF. temprer, tremper, F. tremper, L. temperare to mingle in due proportion. See Temper, and cf. Destemprer.] 1. To temper or mix unduly; to make disproportionate; to change the due proportions of. [Obs.]

> When . . . the humors in his body ben distempered.

Chaucer.

2. To derange the functions of, whether bodily, mental, or spiritual; to disorder; to disease. Shak.

> The imagination, when completely distempered, is the most incurable of all disordered faculties.

Buckminster.

3. To deprive of temper or moderation; to disturb; to ruffle; to make disaffected, ill-humored, or malignant. "Distempered spirits." Coleridge.

4. To intoxicate. [R.]

> The courtiers reeling,
> And the duke himself, I dare not say distempered,
> But kind, and in his tottering chair carousing.

Massinger.

5. (Paint.) To mix (colors) in the way of distemper; as, to distemper colors with size. [R.]

Dis*tem"per, n. [See Distemper, v. t., and cf. Destemprer.] 1. An undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. Bacon.

This meaning and most of the following are to be referred to the Galenical doctrine of the four "humors" in man. See Humor. According to the old physicians, these humors, when unduly tempered, produce a disordered state of body and mind.

2. Severity of climate; extreme weather, whether hot or cold. [Obs.]

> Those countries . . . under the tropic, were of a distemper uninhabitable.

Sir W. Raleigh.

3. A morbid state of the animal system; indisposition; malady; disorder; -- at present chiefly applied to diseases of brutes; as, a distemper in dogs; the horse distemper; the horn distemper in cattle.

> They heighten distempers to diseases.

Suckling.

4. Morbid temper of the mind; undue predominance of a passion or appetite; mental derangement; bad temper; ill humor. [Obs.]

> Little faults proceeding on distemper.

Shak.

> Some frenzy distemper had got into his head.

Bunyan.

5. Political disorder; tumult. Waller.

6. (Paint.) (a) A preparation of opaque or body colors, in which the pigments are tempered or diluted with weak glue or size (cf. Tempera) instead of oil, usually for scene painting, or for walls and ceilings of rooms. (b) A painting done with this preparation.

Syn. -- Disease; disorder; sickness; illness; malady; indisposition; ailment. See Disease.

Dis*tem"per*ance (?), n. Distemperature. [Obs.]

Dis*tem"per*ate (?), a. [LL. distemperatus, p. p.] 1. Immoderate. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Diseased; disordered. [Obs.] Wodroephe.

Dis*tem"per*ate*ly, adv. Unduly. [Obs.]

Dis*tem"per*a*ture (?; 135), n. 1. Bad temperature; intemperateness; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities; as, the distemperature of the air. [Obs.]

2. Disorder; confusion. Shak.

3. Disorder of body; slight illness; distemper.

> A huge infectious troop
> Of pale distemperatures and foes to life.

Shak.

4. Perturbation of mind; mental uneasiness.

> Sprinkled a little patience on the heat of his distemperature.

Sir W. Scott.

Dis*tem"per*ment (?), n. Distempered state; distemperature. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distended; p. pr. & vb. n. Distending.] [L. distendere, distentum, distensum; dis- + tendere to stretch, stretch out: cf. F. distendre to distend, détendre to unbend. See Tend, and cf. Detent.] 1. To extend in some one direction; to lengthen out; to stretch. [R.]

> But say, what mean those colored streaks in heaven
> Distended as the brow of God appeased?

Milton.

2. To stretch out or extend in all directions; to dilate; to enlarge, as by elasticity of parts; to inflate so as to produce tension; to cause to swell; as, to distend a bladder, the stomach, etc.

> The warmth distends the chinks.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To dilate; expand; enlarge; swell; inflate.

Dis*tend", v. i. To become expanded or inflated; to swell. "His heart distends with pride." Milton.

Dis*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or capacity of being distensible. [R.]

Dis*ten"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being distended or dilated.

Dis*ten"sion (?), n. Same as Distention.

Dis*ten"sive (?), a. Distending, or capable of being distended.

Dis*tent" (?), a. [L. distentus, p. p. See Distend.] Distended. [Poetic] Thomson.

Dis*tent", n. Breadth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Dis*ten"tion (?), n. [L. distentio: cf. F. distension.] 1. The act of distending; the act of stretching in breadth or in all directions; the state of being Distended; as, the distention of the lungs.

2. Breadth; extent or space occupied by the thing distended.

Dis*ter" (?), v. t. [L. dis- + terra earth, country; cf. Sp. & Pg. desterrar.] To banish or drive from a country. [Obs.] Howell.

Dis*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L. disterminatus, p. p. of disterminare to limit. See Terminate.] Separated by bounds. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. disterminatio.] Separation by bounds. [Obs.] Hammond.

Dis"thene (?), n. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; force: cf. F. disthène.] (Min.) Cyanite or kyanite; -- so called in allusion to its unequal hardness in two different directions. See Cyanite.

Dis*throne" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + throne: cf. OF. desthroner, F. détroner.] To dethrone. [Obs.]

Dis*thron"ize (?), v. t. To dethrone. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis"tich (?), n. [L. distichon, Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; with two rows, of two verses; di- = di`s- twice + &?; row, verse, fr. &?; to ascend; akin to AS. stgan to ascend: cf. F. distique. See Stirrup.] (Pros.) A couple of verses or poetic lines making complete sense; an epigram of two verses.

{ Dis"tich (?), Dis"tich*ous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See Distich, n.] Disposed in two vertical rows; two- ranked.

Dis"tich*ous*ly, adv. In a distichous manner.

Dis*til" (?), v. t. & i. See Distill.

Dis*till" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Distilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distilling.] [F. distiller, from L. destillare, destillatum; de + stillare to drop, stilla a drop, prob. fr. stiria frozen drop, icicle; prob. akin to stare, E. stand. Cf. Still, n. & v., Instill.] [Written also distil.] 1. To drop; to fall in drops; to trickle.

> Soft showers distilled, and suns grew warm in vain.

Pope.

2. To flow gently, or in a small stream.

> The Euphrates distilleth out of the mountains of Armenia.

Sir W. Raleigh.

3. To practice the art of distillation. Shak.

Dis*till", v. t. 1. To let fall or send down in drops.

> Or o'er the glebe distill the kindly rain.

Pope.

> The dew which on the tender grass
> The evening had distilled.

Drayton.

2. To obtain by distillation; to extract by distillation, as spirits, essential oil, etc.; to rectify; as, to distill brandy from wine; to distill alcoholic spirits from grain; to distill essential oils from flowers, etc.; to distill fresh water from sea water. "Distilling odors on me." Tennyson.

3. To subject to distillation; as, to distill molasses in making rum; to distill barley, rye, corn, etc.

4. To dissolve or melt. [R.]

> Swords by the lightning's subtle force distilled.

Addison.

Dis*till"a*ble (?), a. (Chem.) Capable of being distilled; especially, capable of being distilled without chemical change or decomposition; as, alcohol is distillable; olive oil is not distillable.

Dis*till"ate (?), n. (Chem.) The product of distillation; as, the distillate from molasses.

Dis`til*la"tion (?), n. [F. distillation, L. destillatio.] 1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.

2. That which falls in drops. [R.] Johnson

3. (Chem.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam.

The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds, and its precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or hail, is an illustration of natural distillation.

4. The substance extracted by distilling. Shak.

Destructive distillation (Chem.), the distillation, especially of complex solid substances, so that the ultimate constituents are separated or evolved in new compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat; as, the destructive distillation of soft coal or of wood. -- Dry distillation, the distillation of substances by themselves, or without the addition of water or of other volatile solvent; as, the dry distillation of citric acid. -- Fractional distillation. (Chem.) See under Fractional.

Dis*til"la*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. distillatoire.] Belonging to, or used in, distilling; as, distillatory vessels. -- n. A distillatory apparatus; a still.

Dis*till"er (?), n. 1. One who distills; esp., one who extracts alcoholic liquors by distillation.

2. The condenser of a distilling apparatus.

Dis*till"er*y (?), n.; pl. Distilleries (#). [F. distillerie.] 1. The building and works where distilling, esp. of alcoholic liquors, is carried on.

2. The act of distilling spirits. [R.] Todd.

Dis*till"ment (?), n. Distillation; the substance obtained by distillation. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*tinct" (?), a. [L. distinctus, p. p. of distinguere: cf. F. distinct. See Distinguish.] 1. Distinguished; having the difference marked; separated by a visible sign; marked out; specified. [Obs.]

> Wherever thus created -- for no place
> Is yet distinct by name.

Milton.

2. Marked; variegated. [Obs.]

> The which [place] was dight
> With divers flowers distinct with rare delight.

Spenser.

<! p. 435 !>

3. Separate in place; not conjunct; not united by growth or otherwise; -- with from.

> The intention was that the two armies which marched out together should afterward be distinct.

Clarendon.

4. Not identical; different; individual.

> To offend, and judge, are distinct offices.

Shak.

5. So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; not liable to be misunderstood; not confused; well- defined; clear; as, we have a distinct or indistinct view of a prospect.

> Relation more particular and distinct.

Milton.

Syn. -- Separate; unconnected; disjoined; different; clear; plain; conspicuous; obvious.

Dis*tinct" (?), v. t. To distinguish. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Dis*tinc"tion (?), n. [L. distinctio: cf. F. distinction.] 1. A marking off by visible signs; separation into parts; division. [Obs.]

> The distinction of tragedy into acts was not known.

Dryden.

2. The act of distinguishing or denoting the differences between objects, or the qualities by which one is known from others; exercise of discernment; discrimination.

> To take away therefore that error, which confusion breedeth, distinction is requisite.

Hooker.

3. That which distinguishes one thing from another; distinguishing quality; sharply defined difference; as, the distinction between real and apparent good.

> The distinction betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts of matter.

Locke.

4. Estimation of difference; regard to differences or distinguishing circumstance.

> Maids, women, wives, without distinction, fall.

Dryden.

5. Conspicuous station; eminence; superiority; honorable estimation; as, a man of distinction.

> Your country's own means of distinction and defense.

D. Webster.

Syn. -- Difference; variation, variety; contrast; diversity; contrariety; disagreement; discrimination; preference; superiority; rank; note; eminence.

Dis*tinc"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. distinctif.] 1. Marking or expressing distinction or difference; distinguishing; characteristic; peculiar.

> The distinctive character and institutions of New England.

Bancroft.

2. Having the power to distinguish and discern; discriminating. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Dis*tinc"tive*ly, adv. With distinction; plainly.

Dis*tinc"tive*ness, n. State of being distinctive.

Dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. 1. With distinctness; not confusedly; without the blending of one part or thing another; clearly; plainly; as, to see distinctly.

2. With meaning; significantly. [Obs.]

> Thou dost snore distinctly;
> There's meaning in thy snores.

Shak.

Syn. -- Separately; clearly; plainly; obviously.

Dis*tinct"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being distinct; a separation or difference that prevents confusion of parts or things.

> The soul's . . . distinctness from the body.

Cudworth.

2. Nice discrimination; hence, clearness; precision; as, he stated his arguments with great distinctness.

Syn. -- Plainness; clearness; precision; perspicuity.

Dis*tinc"ture (?), n. Distinctness. [R.]

Dis*tin"guish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distinguished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distinguishing.] [F. distinguer, L. distinguere, distinctum; di- = dis- + stinguere to quench, extinguish; prob. orig., to prick, and so akin to G. stechen, E. stick, and perh. sting. Cf. Extinguish.] 1. Not set apart from others by visible marks; to make distinctive or discernible by exhibiting differences; to mark off by some characteristic.

> Not more distinguished by her purple vest,
> Than by the charming features of her face.

Dryden.

> Milton has distinguished the sweetbrier and the eglantine.

Nares.

2. To separate by definition of terms or logical division of a subject with regard to difference; as, to distinguish sounds into high and low.

> Moses distinguished the causes of the flood into those that belong to the heavens, and those that belong to the earth.

T. Burnet.

3. To recognize or discern by marks, signs, or characteristic quality or qualities; to know and discriminate (anything) from other things with which it might be confounded; as, to distinguish the sound of a drum.

> We are enabled to distinguish good from evil, as well as truth from falsehood.

Watts.

> Nor more can you distinguish of a man,
> Than of his outward show.

Shak.

4. To constitute a difference; to make to differ.

> Who distinguisheth thee?

1 Cor. iv. 7. (Douay version).

5. To separate from others by a mark of honor; to make eminent or known; to confer distinction upon; -- with by or for."To distinguish themselves by means never tried before." Johnson.

Syn. -- To mark; discriminate; differentiate; characterize; discern; perceive; signalize; honor; glorify.

Dis*tin"guish, v. i. 1. To make distinctions; to perceive the difference; to exercise discrimination; -- with between; as, a judge distinguishes between cases apparently similar, but differing in principle.

2. To become distinguished or distinctive; to make one's self or itself discernible. [R.]

> The little embryo . . . first distinguishes into a little knot.

Jer. Taylor.

Dis*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being distinguished; separable; divisible; discernible; capable of recognition; as, a tree at a distance is distinguishable from a shrub.

> A simple idea being in itself uncompounded . . . is not distinguishable into different ideas.

Locke.

2. Worthy of note or special regard. Swift.

Dis*tin"guish*a*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being distinguishable.

Dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. So as to be distinguished.

Dis*tin"guished (?), a. 1. Marked; special.

> The most distinguished politeness.

Mad. D' Arblay.

2. Separated from others by distinct difference; having, or indicating, superiority; eminent or known; illustrious; -- applied to persons and deeds.

Syn. -- Marked; noted; famous; conspicuous; celebrated; transcendent; eminent; illustrious; extraordinary; prominent. -- Distinguished, Eminent, Conspicuous, Celebrated, Illustrious. A man is eminent, when he stands high as compared with those around him; conspicuous, when he is so elevated as to be seen and observed; distinguished, when he has something which makes him stand apart from others in the public view; celebrated, when he is widely spoken of with honor and respect; illustrious, when a splendor is thrown around him which confers the highest dignity.

Dis*tin"guish*ed*ly (?), adv. In a distinguished manner. [R.] Swift.

Dis*tin"guish*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, distinguishes or separates one thing from another by marks of diversity. Sir T. Browne.

2. One who discerns accurately the difference of things; a nice or judicious observer. Dryden.

Dis*tin"guish*ing, a. Constituting difference, or distinction from everything else; distinctive; peculiar; characteristic.

> The distinguishing doctrines of our holy religion.

Locke.

Distinguishing pennant (Naut.), a special pennant by which any particular vessel in a fleet is recognized and signaled. Simmonds.

Dis*tin"guish*ing*ly, adv. With distinction; with some mark of preference. Pope.

Dis*tin"guish*ment (?), n. Observation of difference; distinction. Graunt.

Dis*ti"tle (?), v. t. To deprive of title or right. [R.] B. Jonson.

||Dis"to*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; mouth.] (Zoöl.) A genus of parasitic, trematode worms, having two suckers for attaching themselves to the part they infest. See 1st Fluke, 2.

Dis*tort" (?), a. [L. distortus, p. p. of distorquere to twist, distort; dis- + torquere to twist. See Torsion.] Distorted; misshapen. [Obs.]

> Her face was ugly and her mouth distort.

Spenser.

Dis*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Distorting.] 1. To twist of natural or regular shape; to twist aside physically; as, to distort the limbs, or the body.

> Whose face was distorted with pain.

Thackeray.

2. To force or put out of the true posture or direction; to twist aside mentally or morally.

> Wrath and malice, envy and revenge, do darken and distort the understandings of men.

Tillotson.

3. To wrest from the true meaning; to pervert; as, to distort passages of Scripture, or their meaning.

Syn. -- To twist; wrest; deform; pervert.

Dis*tort"er (?), n. One who, or that which, distorts.

Dis*tor"tion (?), n. [L. distortio: cf. F. distortion.] 1. The act of distorting, or twisting out of natural or regular shape; a twisting or writhing motion; as, the distortions of the face or body.

2. A wresting from the true meaning. Bp. Wren.

3. The state of being distorted, or twisted out of shape or out of true position; crookedness; perversion.

4. (Med.) An unnatural deviation of shape or position of any part of the body producing visible deformity.

Dis*tort"ive (?), a. Causing distortion.

Dis*tract" (?), a. [L. distractus, p. p. of distrahere to draw asunder; dis- + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Distraught.] 1. Separated; drawn asunder. [Obs.]

2. Insane; mad. [Obs.] Drayton.

Dis*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distracted, old p. p. Distraught; p. pr. & vb. n. Distracting.] 1. To draw apart or away; to divide; to disjoin.

> A city . . . distracted from itself.

Fuller.

2. To draw (the sight, mind, or attention) in different directions; to perplex; to confuse; as, to distract the eye; to distract the attention.

> Mixed metaphors . . . distract the imagination.

Goldsmith.

3. To agitate by conflicting passions, or by a variety of motives or of cares; to confound; to harass.

> Horror and doubt distract
> His troubled thoughts.

Milton.

4. To unsettle the reason of; to render insane; to craze; to madden; -- most frequently used in the participle, distracted.

> A poor mad soul; . . . poverty hath distracted her.

Shak.

Dis*tract"ed, a. Mentally disordered; unsettled; mad.

> My distracted mind.

Pope.

Dis*tract"ed*ly, adv. Disjointedly; madly. Shak.

Dis*tract"ed*ness, n. A state of being distracted; distraction. Bp. Hall.

Dis*tract"er (?), n. One who, or that which, distracts away.

Dis*tract"ful (?), a. Distracting. [R.] Heywood.

Dis*tract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being drawn aside or distracted.

Dis*tract"ile (?), a. (Bot.) Tending or serving to draw apart.

Dis*tract"ing, a. Tending or serving to distract.

Dis*trac"tion (?), n. [L. distractio: cf. F. distraction.] 1. The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.

> To create distractions among us.

Bp. Burnet.

2. That which diverts attention; a diversion. "Domestic distractions." G. Eliot.

3. A diversity of direction; detachment. [Obs.]

> His power went out in such distractions as
> Beguiled all species.

Shak.

4. State in which the attention is called in different ways; confusion; perplexity.

> That ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.

1 Cor. vii. 35.

5. Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; as, political distractions.

> Never was known a night of such distraction.

Dryden.

6. Agitation from violent emotions; perturbation of mind; despair.

> The distraction of the children, who saw both their parents together, would have melted the hardest heart.

Tatler.

7. Derangement of the mind; madness. Atterbury.

Syn. -- Perplexity; confusion; disturbance; disorder; dissension; tumult; derangement; madness; raving; franticness; furiousness.

Dis*trac"tious (?), a. Distractive. [Obs.]

Dis*trac"tive (?), a. Causing perplexity; distracting. "Distractive thoughts." Bp. Hall.

Dis*train" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distraining.] [OE. destreinen to force, OF. destreindre to press, oppress, force, fr. L. distringere, districtum, to draw asunder, hinder, molest, LL., to punish severely; di- = stringere to draw tight, press together. See Strain, and cf. Distress, District, Distraint.] 1. To press heavily upon; to bear down upon with violence; hence, to constrain or compel; to bind; to distress, torment, or afflict. [Obs.] "Distrained with chains." Chaucer.

2. To rend; to tear. [Obs.]

> Neither guile nor force might it [a net] distrain.

Spenser.

3. (Law) (a) To seize, as a pledge or indemnification; to take possession of as security for nonpayment of rent, the reparation of an injury done, etc.; to take by distress; as, to distrain goods for rent, or of an amercement. (b) To subject to distress; to coerce; as, to distrain a person by his goods and chattels.

Dis*train", v. i. To levy a distress.

> Upon whom I can distrain for debt.

Camden.

Dis*train"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, distrained. Blackstone.

Dis*train"er (?), n. Same as Distrainor.

Dis*train"or (?), n. (Law) One who distrains; the party distraining goods or chattels. Blackstone.

Dis*traint" (?), n. [OF. destrainte distress, force.] (Law) The act or proceeding of seizing personal property by distress. Abbott.

||Dis`trait" (?), a. [F. See Distract.] Absent-minded; lost in thought; abstracted.

Dis*traught" (?), p. p. & a. [OE. distract, distrauht. See Distract, a.] 1. Torn asunder; separated. [Obs.] "His greedy throat . . . distraught." Spenser.

2. Distracted; perplexed. "Distraught twixt fear and pity." Spenser.

> As if thou wert distraught and mad with terror.

Shak.

> To doubt betwixt our senses and our souls
> Which are the most distraught and full of pain.

Mrs. Browning.

Dis*traught"ed, a. Distracted. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*tream" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- (intens.) + stream.] To flow. [Poetic]

> Yet o'er that virtuous blush distreams a tear.

Shenstone.

Dis*tress" (?), n. [OE. destresse, distresse, OF. destresse, destrece, F. détresse, OF. destrecier to distress, (assumed) LL. districtiare, fr. L. districtus, p. p. of distringere. See Distrain, and cf. Stress.] 1. Extreme pain or suffering; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer distress from the gout, or from the loss of friends.

> Not fearing death nor shrinking for distress.

Shak.

2. That which occasions suffering; painful situation; misfortune; affliction; misery.

> Affliction's sons are brothers in distress.

Burns.

3. A state of danger or necessity; as, a ship in distress, from leaking, loss of spars, want of provisions or water, etc.

4. (Law) (a) The act of distraining; the taking of a personal chattel out of the possession of a wrongdoer, by way of pledge for redress of an injury, or for the performance of a duty, as for nonpayment of rent or taxes, or for injury done by cattle, etc. (b) The thing taken by distraining; that which is seized to procure satisfaction. Bouvier. Kent. Burrill.

> If he were not paid, he would straight go and take a distress of goods and cattle.

Spenser.

> The distress thus taken must be proportioned to the thing distrained for.

Blackstone.

Abuse of distress. (Law) See under Abuse.

Syn. -- Affliction; suffering; pain; agony; misery; torment; anguish; grief; sorrow; calamity; misfortune; trouble; adversity. See Affliction.

Dis*tress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Distressing.] [Cf. OF. destrecier. See Distress, n.] 1. To cause pain or anguish to; to pain; to oppress with calamity; to afflict; to harass; to make miserable.

> We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed.

2 Cor. iv. 8.

2. To compel by pain or suffering.

> Men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice of duty.

A. Hamilton.

3. (Law) To seize for debt; to distrain.

Syn. -- To pain; grieve; harass; trouble; perplex; afflict; worry; annoy.

Dis*tress"ed*ness, n. A state of being distressed or greatly pained.

Dis*tress"ful (?), a. Full of distress; causing, indicating, or attended with, distress; as, a distressful situation. "Some distressful stroke." Shak. "Distressful cries." Pope. -- Dis*tress"ful*ly, adv.

<! p. 436 !>

Dis*tress"ing (ds*trs"ng), a. Causing distress; painful; unpleasant.

Dis*tress"ing, adv. In a distressing manner.

Dis*trib"u*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being distributed. Sir W. Jones.

Dis*trib"u*ta*ry (?), a. Tending to distribute or be distributed; that distributes; distributive.

Dis*trib"ute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Distributing.] [L. distributus, p. p. of distribuere to divide, distribute; dis- + tribuere to assign, give, allot. See Tribute.] 1. To divide among several or many; to deal out; to apportion; to allot.

> She did distribute her goods to all them that were nearest of kindred.

Judith xvi. 24.

2. To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice. Shak.

3. To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds, or species; to classify; to assort, as specimens, letters, etc.

4. (Printing) (a) To separate (type which has been used) and return it to the proper boxes in the cases. (b) To spread (ink) evenly, as upon a roller or a table.

5. (Logic) To employ (a term) in its whole extent; to take as universal in one premise.

> A term is said to be distributed when it is taken universal, so as to stand for everything it is capable of being applied to.

Whately.

Syn. -- To dispense; deal out; apportion; allot; share; assign; divide.

Dis*trib"ute, v. i. To make distribution.

> Distributing to the necessity of saints.

Rom. xii. 13.

Dis*trib"u*ter (?), n. One who, or that which, distributes or deals out anything; a dispenser. Addison.

Dis*trib"u*ting, a. That distributes; dealing out.

Distributing past office, an office where the mails for a large district are collected to be assorted according to their destination and forwarded.

Dis`tri*bu"tion (?), n. [L. distributio: cf. F. distribution.] 1. The act of distributing or dispensing; the act of dividing or apportioning among several or many; apportionment; as, the distribution of an estate among heirs or children.

> The phenomena of geological distribution are exactly analogous to those of geography.

A. R. Wallace.

2. Separation into parts or classes; arrangement of anything into parts; disposition; classification.

3. That which is distributed. "Our charitable distributions." Atterbury.

4. (Logic) A resolving a whole into its parts.

5. (Print.) The sorting of types and placing them in their proper boxes in the cases.

6. (Steam Engine) The steps or operations by which steam is supplied to and withdrawn from the cylinder at each stroke of the piston; viz., admission, suppression or cutting off, release or exhaust, and compression of exhaust steam prior to the next admission.

Geographical distribution, the natural arrangements of animals and plants in particular regions or districts.

Syn. -- Apportionments; allotment; dispensation; disposal; dispersion; classification; arrangement.

Dis`tri*bu"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to distribution. Huxley.

Dis`tri*bu"tion*ist, n. A distributer. [R.] Dickens.

Dis*trib"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. distributif.] 1. Tending to distribute; serving to divide and assign in portions; dealing to each his proper share. "Distributive justice." Swift.

2. (Logic) Assigning the species of a general term.

3. (Gram.) Expressing separation; denoting a taking singly, not collectively; as, a distributive adjective or pronoun, such as each, either, every; a distributive numeral, as (Latin) bini (two by two).

Distributive operation (Math.), any operation which either consists of two or more parts, or works upon two or more things, and which is such that the result of the total operation is the same as the aggregated result of the two or more partial operations. Ordinary multiplication is distributive, since a × (b + c) = ab + ac, and (a + b) × c = ac + bc. -- Distributive proportion. (Math.) See Fellowship.

Dis*trib"u*tive, n. (Gram.) A distributive adjective or pronoun; also, a distributive numeral.

Dis*trib"u*tive*ly, adv. By distribution; singly; not collectively; in a distributive manner.

Dis*trib"u*tive*ness, n. Quality of being distributive.

Dis"trict (?), a. [L. districtus, p. p.] Rigorous; stringent; harsh. [Obs.]

> Punishing with the rod of district severity.

Foxe.

Dis"trict, n. [LL. districtus district, fr. L. districtus, p. p. of distringere: cf. F. district. See Distrain.] 1. (Feudal Law) The territory within which the lord has the power of coercing and punishing.

2. A division of territory; a defined portion of a state, town, or city, etc., made for administrative, electoral, or other purposes; as, a congressional district, judicial district, land district, school district, etc.

> To exercise exclusive legislation . . . over such district not exceeding ten miles square.

The Constitution of the United States.

3. Any portion of territory of undefined extent; a region; a country; a tract.

> These districts which between the tropics lie.

Blackstone.

Congressional district. See under Congressional. -- District attorney, the prosecuting officer of a district or district court. -- District court, a subordinate municipal, state, or United States tribunal, having jurisdiction in certain cases within a judicial district. -- District judge, one who presides over a district court. -- District school, a public school for the children within a school district. [U.S.]

Syn. -- Division; circuit; quarter; province; tract; region; country.

Dis"trict, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Districted; p. pr. & vb. n. Districting.] To divide into districts or limited portions of territory; as, legislatures district States for the choice of representatives.

Dis*tric"tion (?), n. [L. districtio a stretching out.] Sudden display; flash; glitter. [R.]

> A smile . . . breaks out with the brightest distriction.

Collier.

Dis"trict*ly (?), adv. Strictly. [Obs.] Foxe.

||Dis*trin"gas (?), n. [L., that you distrain, fr. distringere. See Distrain.] (Law) A writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person by his goods or chattels, to compel a compliance with something required of him.

Dis*trou"ble (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- (intens.) + trouble.] To trouble. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dis*trust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distrusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Distrusting.] [Cf. Mistrust.] To feel absence of trust in; not to confide in or rely upon; to deem of questionable sufficiency or reality; to doubt; to be suspicious of; to mistrust.

> Not distrusting my health.

2 Mac. ix. 22.

> To distrust the justice of your cause.

Dryden.

> He that requireth the oath doth distrust that other.

Udall.

> Of all afraid,
> Distrusting all, a wise, suspicious maid.

Collins.

Mistrust has been almost wholly driven out by distrust. T. L. K. Oliphant.

Dis*trust", n. 1. Doubt of sufficiency, reality, or sincerity; want of confidence, faith, or reliance; as, distrust of one's power, authority, will, purposes, schemes, etc.

2. Suspicion of evil designs.

> Alienation and distrust . . . are the growth of false principles.

D. Webster.

3. State of being suspected; loss of trust. Milton.

Dis*trust"er (?), n. One who distrusts.

Dis*trust"ful (?), a. 1. Not confident; diffident; wanting confidence or thrust; modest; as, distrustful of ourselves, of one's powers.

> Distrustful sense with modest caution speaks.

Pope.

2. Apt to distrust; suspicious; mistrustful. Boyle.

-- Dis*trust"ful*ly, adv. -- Dis*trust"ful*ness, n.

Dis*trust"ing, a. That distrusts; suspicious; lacking confidence in. -- Dis*trust"ing*ly, adv.

Dis*trust"less, a. Free from distrust. Shenstone.

Dis*tune" (?), v. t. To put out of tune. [Obs.]

Dis*turb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disturbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disturbing.] [OE. desturben, destourben, OF. destorber, desturber, destourber, fr. L. disturbare, disturbatum; dis- + turbare to disturb, trouble, turba disorder, tumult, crowd. See Turbid.] 1. To throw into disorder or confusion; to derange; to interrupt the settled state of; to excite from a state of rest.

> Preparing to disturb
> With all-cofounding war the realms above.

Cowper.

> The bellow's noise disturbed his quiet rest.

Spenser.

> The utmost which the discontented colonies could do, was to disturb authority.

Burke.

2. To agitate the mind of; to deprive of tranquillity; to disquiet; to render uneasy; as, a person is disturbed by receiving an insult, or his mind is disturbed by envy.

3. To turn from a regular or designed course. [Obs.]

> And disturb
> His inmost counsels from their destined aim.

Milton.

Syn. -- To disorder; disquiet; agitate; discompose; molest; perplex; trouble; incommode; ruffle.

Dis*turb", n. Disturbance. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis*turb"ance (?), n. [OF. destorbance.] 1. An interruption of a state of peace or quiet; derangement of the regular course of things; disquiet; disorder; as, a disturbance of religious exercises; a disturbance of the galvanic current.

2. Confusion of the mind; agitation of the feelings; perplexity; uneasiness.

> Any man . . . in a state of disturbance and irritation.

Burke.

3. Violent agitation in the body politic; public commotion; tumult.

> The disturbance was made to support a general accusation against the province.

Bancroft.

4. (Law) The hindering or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable enjoyment of his right; the interruption of a right; as, the disturbance of a franchise, of common, of ways, and the like. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Tumult; brawl; commotion; turmoil; uproar; hubbub; disorder; derangement; confusion; agitation; perturbation; annoyance.

Dis`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. disturbatio.] Act of disturbing; disturbance. [Obs.] Daniel.

Dis*turb"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. destorbeor.] 1. One who, or that which, disturbs of disquiets; a violator of peace; a troubler.

> A needless disturber of the peace of God's church and an author of dissension.

Hooker.

2. (Law) One who interrupts or incommodes another in the peaceable enjoyment of his right.

Dis*turn" (?), v. t. [OF. destourner, F. détourner. See Detour.] To turn aside. [Obs.] Daniel.

Dis"tyle (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; pillar: cf. F. distyle.] (Arch.) Having two columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or the like.

Distyle in antis, having columns between two antæ. See Anta.

Di*sul"phate (?), n. [Pref. di- + sulphate.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of disulphuric or pyrosulphuric acid; a pyrosulphate. (b) An acid salt of sulphuric acid, having only one equivalent of base to two of the acid.

Di*sul"phide (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A binary compound of sulphur containing two atoms of sulphur in each molecule; -- formerly called disulphuret. Cf. Bisulphide.

Di*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. di- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) See Disulphide.

Di`sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.

Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts, where it was originally manufactured), fuming sulphuric acid, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under Pyrosulphuric.

Dis*u"ni*form (?), a. Not uniform. [Obs.]

Dis*un"ion (?), n. [Pref. dis- + union: cf. F. désunion.] 1. The termination of union; separation; disjunction; as, the disunion of the body and the soul.

2. A breach of concord and its effect; alienation.

> Such a disunion between the two houses as might much clou&?; the happiness of this kingdom.

Clarendon.

3. The termination or disruption of the union of the States forming the United States.

> I have not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of disunion.

D. Webster.

Dis*un"ion*ist, n. An advocate of disunion, specifically, of disunion of the United States.

Dis`u*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disunited; p. pr. & vb. n. Disuniting.] 1. To destroy the union of; to divide; to part; to sever; to disjoin; to sunder; to separate; as, to disunite particles of matter.

2. To alienate in spirit; to break the concord of.

> Go on both in hand, O nations, never be disunited, be the praise . . . of all posterity!

Milton.

Dis`u*nite", v. i. To part; to fall asunder; to become separated.

> The joints of the body politic do separate and disunite.

South.

Dis`u*nit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disjoins or causes disunion.

Dis*u"ni*ty (?), n. A state of separation or disunion; want of unity. Dr. H. More.

Dis*us"age (?), n. Gradual cessation of use or custom; neglect of use; disuse. [R.] Hooker.

Dis*use" (?; see Dis-), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disusing.] 1. To cease to use; to discontinue the practice of.

2. To disaccustom; -- with to or from; as, disused to toil. "Disuse me from . . . pain." Donne.

Dis*use" (?), n. Cessation of use, practice, or exercise; inusitation; desuetude; as, the limbs lose their strength by disuse.

> The disuse of the tongue in the only . . . remedy.

Addison.

> Church discipline then fell into disuse.

Southey.

Dis*u"til*ize (?), v. t. To deprive of utility; to render useless. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Dis*val`u*a"tion (?), n. Disesteem; depreciation; disrepute. Bacon.

Dis*val"ue (?; see Dis-), v. t. To undervalue; to depreciate. Shak.

Dis*val"ue, n. Disesteem; disregard. B. Jonson.

Dis`van*ta"geous (?), a. [Pref. dis- + vantage.] Disadvantageous. [Obs.] "Disadvantageous ground." Drayton.

Dis*vel"op (?), v. t. To develop. [Obs.]

Dis*ven"ture (?; 135), n. A disadventure. [Obs.] Shelton.

Dis*vouch" (?), v. t. To discredit; to contradict. [Obs.] Shak.

Dis*warn" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- (intens.) + warn.] To dissuade from by previous warning. [Obs.]

Dis*wit"ted (?), a. Deprived of wits or understanding; distracted. [Obs.] Drayton.

Dis*wont" (?), v. t. To deprive of wonted usage; to disaccustom. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Dis*work"man*ship (?), n. Bad workmanship. [Obs.] Heywood.

Dis*wor"ship (?), v. t. To refuse to worship; to treat as unworthy. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Dis*wor"ship, n. A deprivation of honor; a cause of disgrace; a discredit. [Obs.] Milton.

Dis*worth" (?), v. t. To deprive of worth; to degrade. [Obs.] Feltham.

Dis*yoke" (?), v. t. To unyoke; to free from a yoke; to disjoin. [Poetic] R. Browning.

Dit (?), n. [Ditty.] 1. A word; a decree. [Obs.]

2. A ditty; a song. [Obs.]

Dit, v. t. [AS. dyttan, akin to Icel. ditta.] To close up. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Di*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ditare to enrich, fr. dis, ditis, same as dives, rich.] The act of making rich; enrichment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ditch (?; 224), n.; pl. Ditches (#). [OE. dich, orig. the same word as dik. See Dike.] 1. A trench made in the earth by digging, particularly a trench for draining wet land, for guarding or fencing inclosures, or for preventing an approach to a town or fortress. In the latter sense, it is called also a moat or a fosse.

2. Any long, narrow receptacle for water on the surface of the earth.

Ditch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ditched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ditching.] 1. To dig a ditch or ditches in; to drain by a ditch or ditches; as, to ditch moist land.

2. To surround with a ditch. Shak.

3. To throw into a ditch; as, the engine was ditched and turned on its side.

Ditch, v. i. To dig a ditch or ditches. Swift.

Ditch"er (?), n. One who digs ditches.

Dite (?), v. t. [See Dight.] To prepare for action or use; to make ready; to dight. [Obs.]

> His hideous club aloft he dites.

Spenser.

Di*ter"e*bene (?), n. [Pref. di- + terebene.] (Chem.) See Colophene.

{ Di*the"cal (?), Di*the"cous (?), } a. [Pref. di- + theca.] (Bot.) Having two thecæ, cells, or compartments.

Di"the*ism (?), n. [Pref. di- + theism: cf. F. dithéisme.] The doctrine of those who maintain the existence of two gods or of two original principles (as in Manicheism), one good and one evil; dualism.

Di"the*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of ditheism; a dualist. Cudworth.

{ Di`the*is"tic (?), Di`the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to ditheism; dualistic.

<! p. 437 !>

Di`thi*on"ic (?), a. [Pref. di- + -thionic.] (Chem.) Containing two equivalents of sulphur; as, dithionic acid.

Dithionic acid (Chem.), an unstable substance, H2S2O6, known only in its solutions, and in certain well-defined salts.

Dith"y*ramb (?), n. [L. dithyrambus, Gr. &?; a kind of lyric poetry in honor of Bacchus; also, a name of Bacchus; of unknown origin: cf. F. dithyrambe.] A kind of lyric poetry in honor of Bacchus, usually sung by a band of revelers to a flute accompaniment; hence, in general, a poem written in a wild irregular strain. Bentley.

Dith`y*ram"bic (?), a. [L. dithyrambicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. dithyrambique.] Pertaining to, or resembling, a dithyramb; wild and boisterous. "Dithyrambic sallies." Longfellow. -- n. A dithyrambic poem; a dithyramb.

Dith`y*ram"bus (?), n. [L.] See Dithyramb.

Di"tion (?), n. [L. ditio, dicio: cf. F. dition.] Dominion; rule. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Under rule; subject; tributary. [Obs.] Chapman.

Di"tion*a*ry, n. A subject; a tributary. [Obs.] Eden.

Di"to*kous (?), a. [Gr. di- = di`s- twice + &?; a bringing forth, offspring.] (Zoöl.) (a) Having two kinds of young, as certain annelids. (b) Producing only two eggs for a clutch, as certain birds do.

Di*tol"yl (?), n. [Pref. di- + tolyl.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C14H14, consisting of two radicals or residues of toluene.

Di"tone` (?), n. [Gr. &?; of two tones; di- = di`s- twice + &?; tone.] (Mus.) The Greek major third, which comprehend two major tones (the modern major third contains one major and one minor whole tone).

Di`tri*chot"o*mous (?), a. [Pref. di- + trichotomous.] 1. Divided into twos or threes.

2. (Bot.) Dividing into double or treble ramifications; -- said of a leaf or stem. [R.] Loudon.

Di`tro*che"an (?), a. (Pros.) Containing two trochees.

Di*tro"chee (?), n. [L. ditrochaeus, Gr. &?;; di- = di`s- twice + &?; trochee.] (Pros.) A double trochee; a foot made up of two trochees.

Dit"ro*ite (?), n. [Named from Ditro in Transylvania.] (Min.) An igneous rock composed of orthoclase, elæolite, and sodalite.

Ditt (?), n. See Dit, n., 2. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dit*tan"der (?), n. [See Dittany.] (Bot.) A kind of peppergrass (Lepidium latifolium).

Dit"ta*ny (?), n. [OE. dytane, detane, dytan, OF. ditain, F. dictame, L. dictamnum, fr. Gr. di`ktamnon , di`ktamnos, a plant growing in abundance on Mount Dicte in Crete. Cf. Dittander.] (Bot.) (a) A plant of the Mint family (Origanum Dictamnus), a native of Crete. (b) The Dictamnus Fraxinella. See Dictamnus. (c) In America, the Cunila Mariana, a fragrant herb of the Mint family.

Dit"tied (?), a. [From Ditty.] Set, sung, or composed as a ditty; -- usually in composition.

> Who, with his soft pipe, and smooth-dittied song.

Milton.

Dit"to (?), n.; pl. Dittos (&?;). [It., detto, ditto, fr. L. dictum. See Dictum.] The aforesaid thing; the same (as before). Often contracted to do., or to two "turned commas" ("), or small marks. Used in bills, books of account, tables of names, etc., to save repetition.

> A spacious table in the center, and a variety of smaller dittos in the corners.

Dickens.

Dit"to, adv. As before, or aforesaid; in the same manner; also.

Dit*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. dittologi`a. Attic form of dissologi`a repetition of words: &?; twofold + &?; to speak.] A double reading, or twofold interpretation, as of a Scripture text. [R.]

Dit"ty (?), n.; pl. Ditties (#). [OE. dite, OF. ditié, fr. L. dictatum, p. p. neut. of dictare to say often, dictate, compose. See Dictate, v. t.] 1. A saying or utterance; especially, one that is short and frequently repeated; a theme.

> O, too high ditty for my simple rhyme.

Spenser.

2. A song; a lay; a little poem intended to be sung. "Religious, martial, or civil ditties." Milton.

> And to the warbling lute soft ditties sing.

Sandys.

Dit"ty, v. i. To sing; to warble a little tune.

> Beasts fain would sing; birds ditty to their notes.

Herbert.

Dit"ty-bag`, n. A sailor's small bag to hold thread, needles, tape, etc.; -- also called sailor's housewife.

Dit"ty-box` (?), n. A small box to hold a sailor's thread, needless, comb, etc.

Di*u"re*ide (?), n. [Di- + ureide.] (Chem.) One of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded as containing two molecules of urea or their radicals, as uric acid or allantoin. Cf. Ureide.

||Di`u*re"sis (?), n. [NL. See Diuretic.] (Med.) Free excretion of urine.

Di`u*ret"ic (?), a. [L. diureticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make water; &?; through + &?; to make water, fr. &?; urine: cf. F. diurétique.] (Med.) Tending to increase the secretion and discharge of urine. -- n. A medicine with diuretic properties.

Diuretic salt (Med.), potassium acetate; -- so called because of its diuretic properties.

Di`u*ret"ic*al (?), a. Diuretic. [Obs.] Boyle.

Di`u*ret"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being diuretical; diuretic property.

||Di*ur"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day.] (Zoöl.) A division of Lepidoptera, including the butterflies; -- so called because they fly only in the daytime.

Di*ur"nal (?), a. [L. diurnalis, fr. dies day. See Deity, and cf. Journal.] 1. Relating to the daytime; belonging to the period of daylight, distinguished from the night; -- opposed to nocturnal; as, diurnal heat; diurnal hours.

2. Daily; recurring every day; performed in a day; going through its changes in a day; constituting the measure of a day; as, a diurnal fever; a diurnal task; diurnal aberration, or diurnal parallax; the diurnal revolution of the earth.

> Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring
> Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring.

Shak.

3. (Bot.) Opening during the day, and closing at night; -- said of flowers or leaves.

4. (Zoöl.) Active by day; -- applied especially to the eagles and hawks among raptorial birds, and to butterflies (Diurna) among insects.

Diurnal aberration (Anat.), the aberration of light arising from the effect of the earth's rotation upon the apparent direction of motion of light. -- Diurnal arc, the arc described by the sun during the daytime or while above the horizon; hence, the arc described by the moon or a star from rising to setting. -- Diurnal circle, the apparent circle described by a celestial body in consequence of the earth's rotation. -- Diurnal motion of the earth, the motion of the earth upon its axis which is described in twenty-four hours. -- Diurnal motion of a heavenly body, that apparent motion of the heavenly body which is due to the earth's diurnal motion. -- Diurnal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Diurnal revolution of a planet, the motion of the planet upon its own axis which constitutes one complete revolution.

Syn. -- See Daily.

Di*ur"nal (?), n. [Cf. F. diurnal a prayerbook. See Diurnal, a.] 1. A daybook; a journal. [Obs.] Tatler.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A small volume containing the daily service for the "little hours," viz., prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers, and compline.

3. (Zoöl.) A diurnal bird or insect.

Di*ur"nal*ist, n. A journalist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Di*ur"nal*ly, adv. Daily; every day.

Di*ur"nal*ness, n. The quality of being diurnal.

Di`ur*na"tion (?), n. 1. Continuance during the day. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.) The condition of sleeping or becoming dormant by day, as is the case of the bats.

Di`u*tur"nal (?), a. [L. diuturnus, fr. diu a long time, by day; akin to dies day.] Of long continuance; lasting. [R.] Milton.

Di`u*tur"ni*ty (?), n. [L. diuturnitas.] Long duration; lastingness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Di`va*ga"tion (?), n. [L. divagari to wander about; di- = dis- + vagari to stroll about: cf. F. divagation. See Vagary.] A wandering about or going astray; digression.

> Let us be set down at Queen's Crawley without further divagation.

Thackeray.

Div"a*lent (?), a. [Pref. di- + L. valens, valentis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. Valence.

Di*van" (?), n. [Per. dwn a book of many leaves, an account book, a collection of books, a senate, council: cf. Ar. daiwn, F. divan.] 1. A book; esp., a collection of poems written by one author; as, the divan of Hafiz. [Persia]

2. In Turkey and other Oriental countries: A council of state; a royal court. Also used by the poets for a grand deliberative council or assembly. Pope.

3. A chief officer of state. [India]

4. A saloon or hall where a council is held, in Oriental countries, the state reception room in places, and in the houses of the richer citizens. Cushions on the floor or on benches are ranged round the room.

5. A cushioned seat, or a large, low sofa or couch; especially, one fixed to its place, and not movable.

6. A coffee and smoking saloon. [Colloq.]

Di*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Divaricated; p. pr. & vb. n. Divaricating.] [L. divaricatus, p. p. of divaricare to stretch apart; di- = dis- + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus straddling, fr. varus stretched outwards.] 1. To part into two branches; to become bifid; to fork.

2. To diverge; to be divaricate. Woodward.

Di*var"i*cate, v. t. To divide into two branches; to cause to branch apart.

Di*var"i*cate (?), a. [L. divaricatus, p. p.] 1. Diverging; spreading asunder; widely diverging.

2. (Biol.) Forking and diverging; widely diverging; as the branches of a tree, or as lines of sculpture, or color markings on animals, etc.

Di*var"i*cate*ly, adv. With divarication.

Di*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. divarication.] 1. A separation into two parts or branches; a forking; a divergence.

2. An ambiguity of meaning; a disagreement of difference in opinion. Sir T. Browne.

3. (Biol.) A divergence of lines of color sculpture, or of fibers at different angles.

Di*var`i*ca"tor (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the muscles which open the shell of brachiopods; a cardinal muscle. See Illust. of Brachiopoda.

Di*vast" (?), a. Devastated; laid waste. [Obs.]

Dive (dv), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dived (dvd), colloq. Dove (dv), a relic of the AS. strong forms deáf, dofen; p. pr. & vb. n. Diving.] [OE. diven, duven, AS. dfan to sink, v. t., fr. dfan, v. i.; akin to Icel. dfa, G. taufen, E. dip, deep, and perh. to dove, n. Cf. Dip.] 1. To plunge into water head foremost; to thrust the body under, or deeply into, water or other fluid.

> It is not that pearls fetch a high price because men have dived for them.

Whately.

The colloquial form dove is common in the United States as an imperfect tense form.

> All [the walruses] dove down with a tremendous splash.

Dr. Hayes.

> When closely pressed it [the loon] dove . . . and left the young bird sitting in the water.

J. Burroughs.

2. Fig.: To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question, business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore. South.

Dive (?), v. t. 1. To plunge (a person or thing) into water; to dip; to duck. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. To explore by diving; to plunge into. [R.]

> The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of fame.

Denham.

> He dives the hollow, climbs the steeps.

Emerson.

Dive, n. 1. A plunge headforemost into water, the act of one who dives, literally or figuratively.

2. A place of low resort; a dispreputable bar or nightclub; a dingy hotel; a joint. [Slang]

> The music halls and dives in the lower part of the city.

J. Hawthorne.

Dive"dap`per (?), n. [See Dive, Didapper.] (Zoöl.) A water fowl; the didapper. See Dabchick.

Di*vel" (?), v. t. [L. divellere; dit- = dis- + vellere to pluck.] To rend apart. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Di*vel"lent (?), a. [L. divellens, p. pr.] Drawing asunder. [R.]

Di*vel"li*cate (?), v. t. [L. di- = vellicatus, p. p. of vellicare to pluck, fr. vellere to pull.] To pull in pieces. [Obs. or R.]

Div"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dives.

> Divers and fishers for pearls.

Woodward.

2. Fig.: One who goes deeply into a subject, study, or business. "A diver into causes." Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Zoöl.) Any bird of certain genera, as Urinator (formerly Colymbus), or the allied genus Colymbus, or Podiceps, remarkable for their agility in diving.

The northern diver (Urinator imber) is the loon; the black diver or velvet scoter (Oidemia fusca) is a sea duck. See Loon, and Scoter.

Di"verb (?), n. [L. diverbium the colloquial part of a comedy, dialogue; di- = dis- + verbum word.] A saying in which two members of the sentence are contrasted; an antithetical proverb. [Obs.]

> Italy, a paradise for horses, a hell for women, as the diverb goes.

Burton.

Di*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [L. diverberatus, p. p. of diverberare to strike asunder; di- = dis- + verberare. See Verberate.] To strike or sound through. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

Di*ver`ber*a"tion (?), n. A sounding through.

Di*verge" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Diverged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diverging.] [L. di- = dis- + vergere to bend, incline. See Verge.] 1. To extend from a common point in different directions; to tend from one point and recede from each other; to tend to spread apart; to turn aside or deviate (as from a given direction); -- opposed to converge; as, rays of light diverge as they proceed from the sun.

2. To differ from a typical form; to vary from a normal condition; to dissent from a creed or position generally held or taken.

Di*verge"ment (?), n. Divergence.

{ Di*ver"gence (?), Di*ver"gen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. divergence.] 1. A receding from each other in moving from a common center; the state of being divergent; as, an angle is made by the divergence of straight lines.

> Rays come to the eye in a state of divergency.

&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.

2. Disagreement; difference.

> Related with some divergence by other writers.

Sir G. C. Lewis.

Di*ver"gent (?), a. [Cf. F. divergent. See Diverge.] 1. Receding farther and farther from each other, as lines radiating from one point; deviating gradually from a given direction; -- opposed to convergent.

2. (Optics) Causing divergence of rays; as, a divergent lens.

3. Fig.: Disagreeing from something given; differing; as, a divergent statement.

Divergent series. (Math.) See Diverging series, under Diverging.

Di*ver"ging, a. Tending in different directions from a common center; spreading apart; divergent.

Diverging series (Math.), a series whose terms are larger as the series is extended; a series the sum of whose terms does not approach a finite limit when the series is extended indefinitely; -- opposed to a converging series.

Di*ver"ging*ly (?), adv. In a diverging manner.

Di"vers (?), a. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.] 1. Different in kind or species; diverse. [Obs.]

> Every sect of them hath a divers posture.

Bacon.

> Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds.

Deut. xxii. 9.

2. Several; sundry; various; more than one, but not a great number; as, divers philosophers. Also used substantively or pronominally.

> Divers of Antonio's creditors.

Shak.

Divers is now limited to the plural; as, divers ways (not divers way). Besides plurality it ordinarily implies variety of kind.

Di"verse (?; 277), a. [The same word as divers. See Divers.] 1. Different; unlike; dissimilar; distinct; separate.

> The word . . . is used in a sense very diverse from its original import.

J. Edwards.

> Our roads are diverse: farewell, love! said she.

R. Browning.

2. Capable of various forms; multiform.

> Eloquence is a great and diverse thing.

B. Jonson.

Di*verse" (?), adv. In different directions; diversely.

<! p. 438 !>

di*verse" (d*vrs"), v. i. To turn aside. [Obs.]

> The redcross knight diverst, but forth rode Britomart.

Spenser.

Di"verse*ly (?), adv. 1. In different ways; differently; variously. "Diversely interpreted." Bacon.

> How diversely love doth his pageants play.

Spenser.

2. In different directions; to different points.

> On life's vast ocean diversely we sail.

Pope.

Di*verse"ness (?), n. The quality of being diverse.

Di*ver`si*fi`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or capacity of being diversifiable. Earle.

Di*ver"si*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being diversified or varied. Boyle.

Di*ver`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Diversify.] 1. The act of making various, or of changing form or quality. Boyle.

2. State of diversity or variation; variegation; modification; change; alternation.

> Infinite diversifications of tints may be produced.

Adventurer.

Di*ver"si*fied (?), a. Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of aspects or objects; variegated; as, diversified scenery or landscape.

Di*ver"si*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, diversifies.

Di*ver"si*form (?), a. [L. diversus diverse + -form.] Of a different form; of varied forms.

Di*ver"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diversified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Diversifying.] [F. diversifier, LL. diversificare, fr. L. diversus diverse + ficare (in comp.), akin to facere to make. See Diverse.] To make diverse or various in form or quality; to give variety to; to variegate; to distinguish by numerous differences or aspects.

> Separated and diversified on from another.

Locke.

> Its seven colors, that diversify all the face of nature.

I. Taylor.

Di`ver*sil"o*quent (?), a. [L. diversus diverse + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.] Speaking in different ways. [R.]

Di*ver"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. diversion. See Divert.] 1. The act of turning aside from any course, occupation, or object; as, the diversion of a stream from its channel; diversion of the mind from business.

2. That which diverts; that which turns or draws the mind from care or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; sport; play; pastime; as, the diversions of youth. "Public diversions." V. Knox.

> Such productions of wit and humor as expose vice and folly, furnish useful diversion to readers.

Addison.

3. (Mil.) The act of drawing the attention and force of an enemy from the point where the principal attack is to be made; the attack, alarm, or feint which diverts.

Syn. -- Amusement; entertainment; pastime; recreation; sport; game; play; solace; merriment.

Di*ver"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Diversities (#). [F. diversité, L. diversitas, fr. diversus. See Diverse.] 1. A state of difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness.

> They will prove opposite; and not resting in a bare diversity, rise into a contrariety.

South.

2. Multiplicity of difference; multiformity; variety. "Diversity of sounds." Shak. "Diversities of opinion." Secker.

3. Variegation. "Bright diversities of day." Pope.

Syn. -- See Variety.

Di`ver*siv"o*lent (?), a. [L. diversus diverse + volens, -entis, p. pr. of velle to wish.] Desiring different things. [Obs.] Webster (White Devil).

Di*ver"so*ry (?), a. Serving or tending to divert; also, distinguishing. [Obs.]

Di*ver"so*ry, n. [L. diversorium, deversorium, an inn or lodging.] A wayside inn. [Obs. or R.] Chapman.

Di*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Diverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Diverting.] [F. divertir, fr. L. divertere, diversum, to go different ways, turn aside; di- = dis- + vertere to turn. See Verse, and cf. Divorce.] 1. To turn aside; to turn off from any course or intended application; to deflect; as, to divert a river from its channel; to divert commerce from its usual course.

> That crude apple that diverted Eve.

Milton.

2. To turn away from any occupation, business, or study; to cause to have lively and agreeable sensations; to amuse; to entertain; as, children are diverted with sports; men are diverted with works of wit and humor.

> We are amused by a tale, diverted by a comedy.

C. J. Smith.

Syn. -- To please; gratify; amuse; entertain; exhilarate; delight; recreate. See Amuse.

Di*vert", v. i. To turn aside; to digress. [Obs.]

> I diverted to see one of the prince's palaces.

Evelyn.

Di*vert"er (?), n. One who, or that which, diverts, turns off, or pleases.

Di*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being diverted.

Di*ver"ti*cle (?), n. [L. diverticulum, deverticulum, a bypath, fr. divertere to turn away.] 1. A turning; a byway; a bypath. [Obs.] Hales.

2. (Anat.) A diverticulum.

Div`er*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a diverticulum.

||Div`er*tic"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Diverticula (#). [L. See Diverticle.] (Anat.) A blind tube branching out of a longer one.

||Di*ver`ti*men"to (?), n.; pl. -ti (#). [It.] (Mus.) A light and pleasing composition.

Di*vert"ing (?), a. Amusing; entertaining. -- Di*vert"ing*ly, adv. -- Di*vert"ing*ness, n.

Di*vert"ise (?), v. t. [F. divertir, p. pr. divertissant.] To divert; to entertain. [Obs.] Dryden.

Di*vert"ise*ment (?), n. [Cf. the next word.] Diversion; amusement; recreation. [R.]

||Di`ver`tisse`ment" (?), n. [F.] A short ballet, or other entertainment, between the acts of a play. Smart.

Di*vert"ive (?), a. [From Divert.] Tending to divert; diverting; amusing; interesting.

> Things of a pleasant and divertive nature.

Rogers.

Di"ves (?), n. [L., rich.] The name popularly given to the rich man in our Lord's parable of the "Rich Man and Lazarus" (Luke xvi. 19-31). Hence, a name for a rich worldling.

Di*vest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divested; p. pr. & vb. n. Divesting.] [LL. divestire (di- = dis- + L. vestire to dress), equiv. to L. devestire. It is the same word as devest, but the latter is rarely used except as a technical term in law. See Devest, Vest.] 1. To unclothe; to strip, as of clothes, arms, or equipage; -- opposed to invest.

2. Fig.: To strip; to deprive; to dispossess; as, to divest one of his rights or privileges; to divest one's self of prejudices, passions, etc.

> Wretches divested of every moral feeling.

Goldsmith.

> The tendency of the language to divest itself of its gutturals.

Earle.

3. (Law) See Devest. Mozley & W.

Di*vest"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being divested.

Di*vest"i*ture (?; 135), n. The act of stripping, or depriving; the state of being divested; the deprivation, or surrender, of possession of property, rights, etc.

Di*vest"ment (?), n. The act of divesting. [R.]

Di*ves"ture (?; 135), n. Divestiture. [Obs.]

Div"et (?), n. See Divot.

Di*vid"a*ble (?), a. [From Divide.] 1. Capable of being divided; divisible.

2. Divided; separated; parted. [Obs.] Shak.

Di*vid"ant (?), a. Different; distinct. [Obs.] Shak.

Di*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divided; p. pr. & vb. n. Dividing.] [L. dividere, divisum; di- = dis- + root signifying to part; cf. Skr. vyadh to pierce; perh. akin to L. vidua widow, and E. widow. Cf. Device, Devise.] 1. To part asunder (a whole); to sever into two or more parts or pieces; to sunder; to separate into parts.

> Divide the living child in two.

1 Kings iii. 25.

2. To cause to be separate; to keep apart by a partition, or by an imaginary line or limit; as, a wall divides two houses; a stream divides the towns.

> Let it divide the waters from the waters.

Gen. i. 6.

3. To make partition of among a number; to apportion, as profits of stock among proprietors; to give in shares; to distribute; to mete out; to share.

> True justice unto people to divide.

Spenser.

> Ye shall divide the land by lot.

Num. xxxiii. 54.

4. To disunite in opinion or interest; to make discordant or hostile; to set at variance.

> If a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom can not stand.

Mark iii. 24.

> Every family became now divided within itself.

Prescott.

5. To separate into two parts, in order to ascertain the votes for and against a measure; as, to divide a legislative house upon a question.

6. (Math.) To subject to arithmetical division.

7. (Logic) To separate into species; - - said of a genus or generic term.

8. (Mech.) To mark divisions on; to graduate; as, to divide a sextant.

9. (Music) To play or sing in a florid style, or with variations. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. -- To sever; dissever; sunder; cleave; disjoin; disunite; detach; disconnect; part; distribute; share.

Di*vide", v. i. 1. To be separated; to part; to open; to go asunder. Milton.

> The Indo-Germanic family divides into three groups.

J. Peile.

2. To cause separation; to disunite.

> A gulf, a strait, the sea intervening between islands, divide less than the matted forest.

Bancroft.

3. To break friendship; to fall out. Shak.

4. To have a share; to partake. Shak.

5. To vote, as in the British Parliament, by the members separating themselves into two parties (as on opposite sides of the hall or in opposite lobbies), that is, the ayes dividing from the noes.

> The emperors sat, voted, and divided with their equals.

Gibbon.

Di*vide", n. A dividing ridge of land between the tributaries of two streams; a watershed.

Di*vid"ed, a. 1. Parted; disunited; distributed.

2. (Bot.) Cut into distinct parts, by incisions which reach the midrib; -- said of a leaf.

Di*vid"ed*ly, adv. Separately; in a divided manner.

Div"i*dend (?), n. [L. dividendum thing to be divided, neut. of the gerundive of dividere: cf. F. dividende.] 1. A sum of money to be divided and distributed; the share of a sum divided that falls to each individual; a distribute sum, share, or percentage; -- applied to the profits as appropriated among shareholders, and to assets as apportioned among creditors; as, the dividend of a bank, a railway corporation, or a bankrupt estate.

2. (Math.) A number or quantity which is to be divided.

Div"i*dent (?), n. Dividend; share. [Obs.] Foxe.

Di*vid"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, divides; that which separates anything into parts.

2. One who deals out to each his share.

> Who made me a judge or a divider over you?

Luke xii. 14.

3. One who, or that which, causes division.

> Hate is of all things the mightiest divider.

Milton.

> Money, the great divider of the world.

Swift.

4. pl. An instrument for dividing lines, describing circles, etc., compasses. See Compasses.

The word dividers is usually applied to the instrument as made for the use of draughtsmen, etc.; compasses to the coarser instrument used by carpenters.

Di*vid"ing (?), a. That divides; separating; marking divisions; graduating.

Dividing engine, a machine for graduating circles (as for astronomical instruments) or bars (as for scales); also, for spacing off and cutting teeth in wheels. -- Dividing sinker. (Knitting Mach.). See under Sinker.

Di*vid"ing*ly (?), adv. By division.

||Di"vi-di"vi (?), n. [Native name.] (Bot.) A small tree of tropical America (Cæsalpinia coriaria), whose legumes contain a large proportion of tannic and gallic acid, and are used by tanners and dyers.

Di*vid"u*al (?; 135), a. [See Dividuous.] Divided, shared, or participated in, in common with others. [R.] Milton.

Di*vid"u*al*ly, adv. By dividing. [R.]

Di*vid"u*ous (?), a. [L. dividuus divisible, divided, fr. dividere.] Divided; dividual. [R.]

> He so often substantiates distinctions into dividuous, selfsubsistent.

Coleridge.

Div`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. divinatio, fr. divinare, divinatum, to foresee, foretell, fr. divinus: cf. F. divination. See Divine.] 1. The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events; the pretended art discovering secret or future by preternatural means.

> There shall not be found among you any one that . . . useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter.

Deut. xviii. 10.

Among the ancient heathen philosophers natural divination was supposed to be effected by a divine afflatus; artificial divination by certain rites, omens, or appearances, as the flight of birds, entrails of animals, etc.

2. An indication of what is future or secret; augury omen; conjectural presage; prediction.

> Birds which do give a happy divination of things to come.

Sir T. North.

Div"i*na`tor (?), n. [L. See Divination.] One who practices or pretends to divination; a diviner. [R.] Burton.

Di*vin"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. divinatoire.] Professing, or relating to, divination. "A natural divinatory instinct." Cowley.

Di*vine" (?), a. [Compar. Diviner (&?;); superl. Divinest.] [F. divin, L. divinus divine, divinely inspired, fr. divus, dius, belonging to a deity; akin to Gr. &?;, and L. deus, God. See Deity.] 1. Of or belonging to God; as, divine perfections; the divine will. "The immensity of the divine nature." Paley.

2. Proceeding from God; as, divine judgments. "Divine protection." Bacon.

3. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; religious; pious; holy; as, divine service; divine songs; divine worship.

4. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, a deity; partaking of the nature of a god or the gods. "The divine Apollo said." Shak.

5. Godlike; heavenly; excellent in the highest degree; supremely admirable; apparently above what is human. In this application, the word admits of comparison; as, the divinest mind. Sir J. Davies. "The divine Desdemona." Shak.

> A divine sentence is in the lips of the king.

Prov. xvi. 10.

> But not to one in this benighted age
> Is that diviner inspiration given.

Gray.

6. Presageful; foreboding; prescient. [Obs.]

> Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill,
> Misgave him.

Milton.

7. Relating to divinity or theology.

> Church history and other divine learning.

South.

Syn. -- Supernatural; superhuman; godlike; heavenly; celestial; pious; holy; sacred; preëminent.

Di*vine", n. [L. divinus a soothsayer, LL., a theologian. See Divine, a.] 1. One skilled in divinity; a theologian. "Poets were the first divines." Denham.

2. A minister of the gospel; a priest; a clergyman.

> The first divines of New England were surpassed by none in extensive erudition.

J. Woodbridge.

Di*vine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Divining.] [L. divinare: cf. F. deviner. See Divination.] 1. To foresee or foreknow; to detect; to anticipate; to conjecture.

> A sagacity which divined the evil designs.

Bancroft.

2. To foretell; to predict; to presage.

> Darest thou . . . divine his downfall?

Shak.

3. To render divine; to deify. [Obs.]

> Living on earth like angel new divined.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To foretell; predict; presage; prophesy; prognosticate; forebode; guess; conjecture; surmise.

Di*vine", v. i. 1. To use or practice divination; to foretell by divination; to utter prognostications.

> The prophets thereof divine for money.

Micah iii. 11.

2. To have or feel a presage or foreboding.

> Suggest but truth to my divining thoughts.

Shak.

3. To conjecture or guess; as, to divine rightly.

Di*vine"ly, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner; holily; admirably or excellently in a supreme degree.

> Most divinely fair.

Tennyson.

2. By the agency or influence of God.

> Divinely set apart . . . to be a preacher of righteousness.

Macaulay.

Di*vine"ment (?), n. Divination. [Obs.]

Di*vine"ness, n. The quality of being divine; superhuman or supreme excellence. Shak.

Di*vin"er (?), n. 1. One who professes divination; one who pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by supernatural means.

> The diviners have seen a lie, and have told false dreams; they comfort in vain.

Zech. x. 2.

2. A conjecture; a guesser; one who makes out occult things. Locke.

Di*vin"er*ess, n. A woman who divines. Dryden.

<! p. 439 !>

Div"ing (?), a. That dives or is used or diving.

Diving beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Dytiscidæ, which habitually lives under water; -- called also water tiger. -- Diving bell, a hollow inverted vessel, sometimes bell-shaped, in which men may descend and work under water, respiration being sustained by the compressed air at the top, by fresh air pumped in through a tube from above. -- Diving dress. See Submarine armor, under Submarine. -- Diving stone, a kind of jasper.

Di*vin"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. divinus divine + -fy.] To render divine; to deify. [Obs.] "Blessed and divinified soul." Parth. Sacra (1633).

Di*vin"ing (?), a. That divines; for divining.

Divining rod, a rod, commonly of witch hazel, with forked branches, used by those who pretend to discover water or metals under ground.

Di*vin"ing*ly, adv. In a divining manner.

Div`i*nis"tre (?), n. A diviner. [Obs.] " I am no divinistre." Chaucer.

Di*vin"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Divinities (#). [F. divinité, L. divinitas. See Divine, a.] 1. The state of being divine; the nature or essence of God; deity; godhead.

> When he attributes divinity to other things than God, it is only a divinity by way of participation.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. The Deity; the Supreme Being; God.

> This the divinity that within us.

Addison.

3. A pretended deity of pagans; a false god.

> Beastly divinities, and droves of gods.

Prior.

4. A celestial being, inferior to the supreme God, but superior to man.

> God . . . employing these subservient divinities.

Cheyne.

5. Something divine or superhuman; supernatural power or virtue; something which inspires awe.

> They say there is divinity in odd numbers.

Shak.

> There's such divinity doth hedge a king.

Shak.

6. The science of divine things; the science which treats of God, his laws and moral government, and the way of salvation; theology.

> Divinity is essentially the first of the professions.

Coleridge.

Case divinity, casuistry.

Div`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. A making divine. M. Arnold.

Div"i*nize (?), v. t. To invest with a divine character; to deify. [R.] M. Arnold.

> Man had divinized all those objects of awe.

Milman.

Di*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. divisibilité.] The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by which their parts are capable of separation.

> Divisibility . . . is a primary attribute of matter.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Di*vis"i*ble (?), a. [L. divisibilis, fr. dividere: cf. F. divisible. See Divide.] Capable of being divided or separated.

> Extended substance . . . is divisible into parts.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Divisible contract (Law), a contract containing agreements one of which can be separated from the other. -- Divisible offense (Law), an offense containing a lesser offense in one of a greater grade, so that on the latter there can be an acquittal, while on the former there can be a conviction.

-- Di*vis"i*ble*ness, n. -- Di*vis"i*bly, adv.

Di*vis"i*ble, n. A divisible substance. Glanvill.

Di*vi"sion (?), n. [F. division, L. divisio, from dividere. See Divide.] 1. The act or process of diving anything into parts, or the state of being so divided; separation.

> I was overlooked in the division of the spoil.

Gibbon.

2. That which divides or keeps apart; a partition.

3. The portion separated by the divining of a mass or body; a distinct segment or section.

> Communities and divisions of men.

Addison.

4. Disunion; difference in opinion or feeling; discord; variance; alienation.

> There was a division among the people.

John vii. 43.

5. Difference of condition; state of distinction; distinction; contrast. Chaucer.

> I will put a division between my people and thy people.

Ex. viii. 23.

6. Separation of the members of a deliberative body, esp. of the Houses of Parliament, to ascertain the vote.

> The motion passed without a division.

Macaulay.

7. (Math.) The process of finding how many times one number or quantity is contained in another; the reverse of multiplication; also, the rule by which the operation is performed.

8. (Logic) The separation of a genus into its constituent species.

9. (Mil.) (a) Two or more brigades under the command of a general officer. (b) Two companies of infantry maneuvering as one subdivision of a battalion. (c) One of the larger districts into which a country is divided for administering military affairs.

10. (Naut.) One of the groups into which a fleet is divided.

11. (Mus.) A course of notes so running into each other as to form one series or chain, to be sung in one breath to one syllable.

12. (Rhet.) The distribution of a discourse into parts; a part so distinguished.

13. (Biol.) A grade or rank in classification; a portion of a tribe or of a class; or, in some recent authorities, equivalent to a subkingdom.

Cell division (Biol.), a method of cell increase, in which new cells are formed by the division of the parent cell. In this process, the cell nucleus undergoes peculiar differentiations and changes, as shown in the figure (see also Karyokinesis). At the same time the protoplasm of the cell becomes gradually constricted by a furrow transverse to the long axis of the nuclear spindle, followed, on the completion of the division of the nucleus, by a separation of the cell contents into two masses, called the daughter cells. -- Long division (Math.), the process of division when the operations are mostly written down. -- Short division (Math.), the process of division when the operations are mentally performed and only the results written down; -- used principally when the divisor is not greater than ten or twelve.

Syn. -- compartment; section; share; allotment; distribution; separation; partition; disjunction; disconnection; difference; variance; discord; disunion.

Di*vi"sion*al (?), a. That divides; pertaining to, making, or noting, a division; as, a divisional line; a divisional general; a divisional surgeon of police.

Divisional planes (Geol.), planes of separation between rock masses. They include joints.

Di*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. So as to be divisional.

Di*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Divisional.

Di*vi"sion*or (?), n. One who divides or makes division. [Obs.] Sheldon.

Di*vi"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. divisif.] 1. Indicating division or distribution. Mede.

2. Creating, or tending to create, division, separation, or difference.

> It [culture] is after all a dainty and divisive quality, and can not reach to the depths of humanity.

J. C. Shairp.

-- Di*vi"sive*ly, adv. -- Di*vi"sive*ness, n. Carlyle.

Di*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. dividere. See Divide.] (Math.) The number by which the dividend is divided.

Common divisor. (Math.) See under Common, a.

Di*vorce" (?), n. [F. divorce, L. divortium, fr. divortere, divertere, to turn different ways, to separate. See Divert.] 1. (Law) (a) A legal dissolution of the marriage contract by a court or other body having competent authority. This is properly a divorce, and called, technically, divorce a vinculo matrimonii. "from the bond of matrimony." (b) The separation of a married woman from the bed and board of her husband -- divorce a mensa et toro (or thoro), "from bed and board."

2. The decree or writing by which marriage is dissolved.

3. Separation; disunion of things closely united.

> To make divorce of their incorporate league.

Shak.

4. That which separates. [Obs.] Shak.

Bill of divorce. See under Bill.

Di*vorce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divorced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Divorcing.] [Cf. F. divorcer. See Divorce, n.] 1. To dissolve the marriage contract of, either wholly or partially; to separate by divorce.

2. To separate or disunite; to sunder.

> It [a word] was divorced from its old sense.

Earle.

3. To make away; to put away.

> Nothing but death
> Shall e'er divorce my dignities.

Shak.

Di*vorce"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being divorced.

Di*vor`cee" (?), n. A person divorced.

Di*vorce"less (?), a. Incapable of being divorced or separated; free from divorce.

Di*vorce"ment (?), n. Dissolution of the marriage tie; divorce; separation.

> Let him write her a divorcement.

Deut. xxiv. 1.

> The divorcement of our written from our spoken language.

R. Morris.

Di*vor"cer, n. The person or cause that produces or effects a divorce. Drummond.

Di*vor"ci*ble (?), a. Divorceable. Milton.

Di*vor"cive (?), a. Having power to divorce; tending to divorce. "This divorcive law." Milton.

Div"ot (?), n. A thin, oblong turf used for covering cottages, and also for fuel. [Scot.] Simmonds.

Di*vul"gate (?), a. [L. divulgatus, p. p. of divulgare. See Divulge.] Published. [Obs.] Bale.

Di*vul"gate (?), v. t. To divulge. [Obs.] Foxe.

Div"ul*ga`ter (?), n. A divulger. [R.]

Div`ul*ga"tion (?), n. [L. divulgatio: cf. F. divulgation.] The act of divulging or publishing. [R.]

> Secrecy hath no use than divulgation.

Bp. Hall.

Di*vulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Divulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Divulging.] [F. divulguer, L. divulgare; di- = dis- + vulgare to spread among the people, from vulgus the common people. See Vulgar.] 1. To make public; to several or communicate to the public; to tell (a secret) so that it may become generally known; to disclose; -- said of that which had been confided as a secret, or had been before unknown; as, to divulge a secret.

> Divulge not such a love as mine.

Cowper.

2. To indicate publicly; to proclaim. [R.]

> God . . . marks
> The just man, and divulges him through heaven.

Milton.

3. To impart; to communicate.

> Which would not be

> To them [animals] made common and divulged.

Milton.

Syn. -- To publish; disclose; discover; uncover; reveal; communicate; impart; tell.

Di*vulge", v. i. To become publicly known. [R.] "To keep it from divulging." Shak.

Di*vul"sive (?), a. Tending to pull asunder, tear, or rend; distracting.

Dix"ie (dks"), n. A colloquial name for the Southern portion of the United States, esp. during the Civil War. [U.S.]

Diz"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dizened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dizening.] [Perh. orig., to dress in a foolish manner, and allied to dizzy: but cf. also OE. dysyn (Palsgrave) to put tow or flax on a distaff, i. e., to dress it. Cf. Distaff.] 1. To dress; to attire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To dress gaudily; to overdress; to bedizen; to deck out.

> Like a tragedy queen, he has dizened her out.

Goldsmith.

> To-morrow when the masks shall fall
> That dizen Nature's carnival.

Emerson.

Dizz (dz), v. t. [See Dizzy.] To make dizzy; to astonish; to puzzle. [Obs.] Gayton.

Diz"zard (dz"zrd), n. [See Dizzy, and cf. Disard.] A blockhead. [Obs.] [Written also dizard, and disard.] -- Diz"zard*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Diz"zi*ly (dz"z*l), adv. In a dizzy manner or state.

Diz"zi*ness, n. [AS. dysigness folly. See Dizzy.] Giddiness; a whirling sensation in the head; vertigo.

Diz"zy (dz"z), a. [Compar. Dizzier (-z*r); superl. Dizziest.] [OE. dusi, disi, desi, foolish, AS. dysig; akin to LG. düsig dizzy, OD. deuzig, duyzig, OHG. tusig foolish, OFries. dusia to be dizzy; LG. dusel dizziness, duselig, dusselig, D. duizelig, dizzy, Dan. dösig drowsy, slepy, döse to make dull, drowsy, dös dullness, drowsiness, and to AS. dws foolish, G. thor fool. √71. Cf. Daze, Doze.] 1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling, with a tendency to fall; vertiginous; giddy; hence, confused; indistinct.

> Alas! his brain was dizzy.

Drayton.

2. Causing, or tending to cause, giddiness or vertigo.

> To climb from the brink of Fleet Ditch by a dizzy ladder.

Macaulay.

3. Without distinct thought; unreflecting; thoughtless; heedless. "The dizzy multitude." Milton.

Diz"zy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dizzied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dizzying.] To make dizzy or giddy; to give the vertigo to; to confuse.

> If the jangling of thy bells had not dizzied thy understanding.

Sir W. Scott.

||Djer*eed" (?) or Djer*rid" (&?;), n. [F. djerid, fr. Ar. See Jereed.] (a) A blunt javelin used in military games in Moslem countries. (b) A game played with it. [Written also jereed, jerrid, etc.]

||Djin"nee (?), n.; pl. Jjinn (&?;) or Djinns (&?;). See Jinnee, Jinn.

Do. (&?;), n. An abbreviation of Ditto.

Do (d), n. (Mus.) A syllable attached to the first tone of the major diatonic scale for the purpose of solmization, or solfeggio. It is the first of the seven syllables used by the Italians as manes of musical tones, and replaced, for the sake of euphony, the syllable Ut, applied to the note C. In England and America the same syllables are used by many as a scale pattern, while the tones in respect to absolute pitch are named from the first seven letters of the alphabet.

Do (d), v. t. or auxiliary. [imp. Did (dd); p. p. Done (ducr/n); p. pr. & vb. n. Doing (d"ng). This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present tense, thus: I do, thou doest (d"st) or dost (dst), he does (dz), doeth (d"th), or doth (dth); when auxiliary, the second person is, thou dost. As an independent verb, dost is obsolete or rare, except in poetry. "What dost thou in this world?" Milton. The form doeth is a verb unlimited, doth, formerly so used, now being the auxiliary form. The second pers, sing., imperfect tense, is didst (ddst), formerly didest (dd"st).] [AS. dn; akin to D. doen, OS. duan, OHG. tuon, G. thun, Lith. deti, OSlav. dti, OIr. dénim I do, Gr. tiqe`nai to put, Skr. dh, and to E. suffix -dom, and prob. to L. facere to do, E. fact, and perh. to L. -dere in some compounds, as addere to add, credere to trust. √65. Cf. Deed, Deem, Doom, Fact, Creed, Theme.] 1. To place; to put. [Obs.] Tale of a Usurer (about 1330).

2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.]

> My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain evidences.

W. Caxton.

> I shall . . . your cloister do make.

Piers Plowman.

> A fatal plague which many did to die.

Spenser.

> We do you to wit [i. e., We make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia.

2 Cor. viii. 1.

We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (do used like the French faire or laisser), in which the verb in the infinitive apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, i. e., cause . . . to be made.

3. To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to achieve.

> The neglecting it may do much danger.

Shak.

> He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good not harm.

Shak.

4. To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in action; as, to do a good or a bad act; do our duty; to do what I can.

> Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work.

Ex. xx. 9.

> We did not do these things.

Ld. Lytton.

> You can not do wrong without suffering wrong.

Emerson.

Hence: To do homage, honor, favor, justice, etc., to render homage, honor, etc.

5. To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of the past participle done. "Ere summer half be done." "I have done weeping." Shak.

<! p. 440 !>

6. To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking; to cook completely or sufficiently; as, the meat is done on one side only.

7. To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in the phrases, to do death, to put to death; to slay; to do away (often do away with), to put away; to remove; to do on, to put on; to don; to do off, to take off, as dress; to doff; to do into, to put into the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text.

> Done to death by slanderous tongues.

Shak.

> The ground of the difficulty is done away.

Paley.

> Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely done away.

Thackeray.

> To do on our own harness, that we may not; but we must do on the armor of God.

Latimer.

> Then Jason rose and did on him a fair
> Blue woolen tunic.

W. Morris (Jason).

> Though the former legal pollution be now done off, yet there is a spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned.

Milton.

> It ["Pilgrim's Progress"] has been done into verse: it has been done into modern English.

Macaulay.

8. To cheat; to gull; to overreach. [Colloq.]

> He was not be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy- five per cent.

De Quincey.

9. To see or inspect; to explore; as, to do all the points of interest. [Colloq.]

10. (Stock Exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.

(a) Do and did are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb do has no participle. "I do set my bow in the cloud." Gen. ix. 13. [Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.]

> Rarely . . . did the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the public.

Macaulay.

(b) They are often used in emphatic construction. "You don't say so, Mr. Jobson. -- but I do say so." Sir W. Scott. "I did love him, but scorn him now." Latham. (c) In negative and interrogative constructions, do and did are in common use. I do not wish to see them; what do you think? Did Cæsar cross the Tiber? He did not. "Do you love me?" Shak. (d) Do, as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, do help me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. "To live and die is all we have to do." Denham. In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented. "When beauty lived and died as flowers do now." Shak. "I . . . chose my wife as she did her wedding gown." Goldsmith.

> My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being.
> As the light does the shadow.

Longfellow.

In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, "This just reproach their virtue does excite." Dryden.

To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts. "We will . . . do our best to gain their assent." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. -- To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.] -- To do over. (a) To make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to smear. "Boats . . . sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin." De Foe. -- To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.] -- To do up. (a) To put up; to raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To pack together and envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To starch and iron. "A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the famous yellow starch." Hawthorne. -- To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by what. "Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves." Tillotson. -- To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of have. "Philology has to do with language in its fullest sense." Earle. "What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? 2 Sam. xvi. 10.

Do (?), v. i. 1. To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self.

> They fear not the Lord, neither do they after . . . the law and commandment.

2 Kings xvii. 34.

2. To fare; to be, as regards health; as, they asked him how he did; how do you do to- day?

3. [Perh. a different word. OE. dugen, dowen, to avail, be of use, AS. dugan. See Doughty.] To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; as, if no better plan can be found, he will make this do.

> You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the Conquest; and if that won't do; challenge the crown.

Collier.

To do by. See under By. -- To do for. (a) To answer for; to serve as; to suit. (b) To put an end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is done for when it is broken. [Colloq.]

> Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed and done for.

Thackeray.

-- To do withal, to help or prevent it. [Obs.] "I could not do withal." Shak. -- To do without, to get along without; to dispense with. - - To have done, to have made an end or conclusion; to have finished; to be quit; to desist. -- To have done with, to have completed; to be through with; to have no further concern with. -- Well to do, in easy circumstances.

Do, n. 1. Deed; act; fear. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

2. Ado; bustle; stir; to do. [R.]

> A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.

Selden.

3. A cheat; a swindle. [Slang, Eng.]

||Do"ab (?), [Pers. & Hind. dob, prop., two waters.] A tongue or tract of land included between two rivers; as, the doab between the Ganges and the Jumna. [India] Am. Cyc.

Do"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being done. Carlyle.

Do"-all` (?), n. General manager; factotum.

> Under him, Dunstan was the do-all at court, being the king's treasurer, councilor, chancellor, confessor, all things.

Fuller.

Do"and (?), p. pr. Doing. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Doat (?), v. i. See Dote.

Dob"ber (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

2. A float to a fishing line. [Local, U. S.]

Dob"bin (?), n. 1. An old jaded horse. Shak.

2. Sea gravel mixed with sand. [Prov. Eng.]

Dob"chick` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

Dob"son (?), n. (Zoöl.) The aquatic larva of a large neuropterous insect (Corydalus cornutus), used as bait in angling. See Hellgamite.

Dob"ule (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European dace.

Do"cent (?), a. [L. docens, - entis, p. pr. of docere to teach.] Serving to instruct; teaching. [Obs.]

||Do*ce"tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; to appear.] (Eccl. Hist.) Ancient heretics who held that Christ's body was merely a phantom or appearance.

Do*cet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, held by, or like, the Docetæ. "Docetic Gnosticism." Plumptre.

Doc"e*tism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of the Docetæ.

Doch"mi*ac (?), a. (Pros.) Pertaining to, or containing, the dochmius.

||Doch"mi*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Pros.) A foot of five syllables (usually &?; -- -&?; - ).

{ Doc`i*bil"i*ty (?), Doc"i*ble*ness (?), } n. [L. docibilitas.] Aptness for being taught; teachableness; docility.

> To persons of docibility, the real character may be easily taught in a few days.

Boyle.

> The docibleness of dogs in general.

Walton.

Doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. docibilis, fr. docere to teach.] Easily taught or managed; teachable. Milton.

Doc"ile (?), a. [L. docilis,fr. docere to teach; cf. Gr. &?;, and L. discere to learn, Gr. &?; learned, &?; knowing: cf. F. docile. Cf. Doctor, Didactic, Disciple.] 1. Teachable; easy to teach; docible. [Obs.]

2. Disposed to be taught; tractable; easily managed; as, a docile child.

> The elephant is at once docible and docile.

C. J. Smith.

Do*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. docilitas, fr. docilis: cf. F. docilité.] 1. teachableness; aptness for being taught; docibleness. [Obs. or R.]

2. Willingness to be taught; tractableness.

> The humble docility of little children is, in the New Testament, represented as a necessary preparative to the reception of the Christian faith.

Beattie.

Doc"i*ma*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; an assay, examination, fr. &?; to examine (Metals), fr. &?; assayed, tested, fr. &?; to take, approve: cf. F. docimasie.] The art or practice of applying tests to ascertain the nature, quality, etc., of objects, as of metals or ores, of medicines, or of facts pertaining to physiology.

Doc`i*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. docimastique.] Proving by experiments or tests.

Docimastic art, metallurgy, or the art of assaying metals; the art of separating metals from foreign matters, and determining the nature and quantity of metallic substances contained in any ore or mineral.

Doc`i*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a test + -logy.] A treatise on the art of testing, as in assaying metals, etc.

Doc"i*ty (?), n. Teachableness. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

Dock (dk), n. [AS. docce; of uncertain origin; cf. G. docken-blätter, Gael. dogha burdock, OF. doque; perh. akin to L. daucus, daucum, Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of parsnip or carrot, used in medicine. Cf. Burdock.] (Bot.) A genus of plants (Rumex), some species of which are well-known weeds which have a long taproot and are difficult of extermination.

Yellow dock is Rumex crispus, with smooth curly leaves and yellow root, which that of other species is used medicinally as an astringent and tonic.

Dock, n. [Cf. Icel. dockr a short tail, Fries. dok a little bundle or bunch, G. docke bundle, skein, a short and thick column.] 1. The solid part of an animal's tail, as distinguished from the hair; the stump of a tail; the part of a tail left after clipping or cutting. Grew.

2. A case of leather to cover the clipped or cut tail of a horse.

Dock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Docked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Docking.] [See Dock a tail. Cf. W. tociaw, and twciaw, to dock, clip.] 1. to cut off, as the end of a thing; to curtail; to cut short; to clip; as, to dock the tail of a horse.

> His top was docked like a priest biforn.

Chaucer.

2. To cut off a part from; to shorten; to deduct from; to subject to a deduction; as, to dock one's wages.

3. To cut off, bar, or destroy; as, to dock an entail.

Dock, n. [Akin to D. dok; of uncertain origin; cf. LL. doga ditch, L. doga ditch, L. doga sort of vessel, Gr. &?; receptacle, fr. &?; to receive.] 1. An artificial basin or an inclosure in connection with a harbor or river, -- used for the reception of vessels, and provided with gates for keeping in or shutting out the tide.

2. The slip or water way extending between two piers or projecting wharves, for the reception of ships; -- sometimes including the piers themselves; as, to be down on the dock.

3. The place in court where a criminal or accused person stands.

Balance dock, a kind of floating dock which is kept level by pumping water out of, or letting it into, the compartments of side chambers. -- Dry dock, a dock from which the water may be shut or pumped out, especially, one in the form of a chamber having walls and floor, often of masonry and communicating with deep water, but having appliances for excluding it; -- used in constructing or repairing ships. The name includes structures used for the examination, repairing, or building of vessels, as graving docks, floating docks, hydraulic docks, etc. -- Floating dock, a dock which is made to become buoyant, and, by floating, to lift a vessel out of water. -- Graving dock, a dock for holding a ship for graving or cleaning the bottom, etc. -- Hydraulic dock, a dock in which a vessel is raised clear of the water by hydraulic presses. -- Naval dock, a dock connected with which are naval stores, materials, and all conveniences for the construction and repair of ships. -- Sectional dock, a form of floating dock made in separate sections or caissons. -- Slip dock, a dock having a sloping floor that extends from deep water to above high-water mark, and upon which is a railway on which runs a cradle carrying the ship. -- Wet dock, a dock where the water is shut in, and kept at a given level, to facilitate the loading and unloading of ships; -- also sometimes used as a place of safety; a basin.

Dock (?), v. t. To draw, law, or place (a ship) in a dock, for repairing, cleaning the bottom, etc.

Dock"age (?), n. A charge for the use of a dock.

Dock"-cress` (?), n. (Bot.) Nipplewort.

Dock"et (?), n. [Dock to cut off + dim. suffix -et.] 1. A small piece of paper or parchment, containing the heads of a writing; a summary or digest.

2. A bill tied to goods, containing some direction, as the name of the owner, or the place to which they are to be sent; a label. Bailey.

3. (Law) (a) An abridged entry of a judgment or proceeding in an action, or register or such entries; a book of original, kept by clerks of courts, containing a formal list of the names of parties, and minutes of the proceedings, in each case in court. (b) (U. S.) A list or calendar of causes ready for hearing or trial, prepared for the use of courts by the clerks.

4. A list or calendar of business matters to be acted on in any assembly.

On the docket, in hand; in the plan; under consideration; in process of execution or performance. [Colloq.]

Dock"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Docketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Docketing.] 1. To make a brief abstract of (a writing) and indorse it on the back of the paper, or to indorse the title or contents on the back of; to summarize; as, to docket letters and papers. Chesterfield.

2. (Law) (a) To make a brief abstract of and inscribe in a book; as, judgments regularly docketed. (b) To enter or inscribe in a docket, or list of causes for trial.

3. To mark with a ticket; as, to docket goods.

Dock"yard` (?), n. A yard or storage place for all sorts of naval stores and timber for shipbuilding.

||Doc`o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a beam + &?; the tongue.] (Zoöl.) An order of gastropods, including the true limpets, and having the teeth on the odontophore or lingual ribbon.

Doc"quet (?), n. & v. See Docket.

Doc"tor (?), n. [OF. doctur, L. doctor, teacher, fr. docere to teach. See Docile.] 1. A teacher; one skilled in a profession, or branch of knowledge; a learned man. [Obs.]

> One of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel.

Bacon.

2. An academical title, originally meaning a man so well versed in his department as to be qualified to teach it. Hence: One who has taken the highest degree conferred by a university or college, or has received a diploma of the highest degree; as, a doctor of divinity, of law, of medicine, of music, or of philosophy. Such diplomas may confer an honorary title only.

3. One duly licensed to practice medicine; a member of the medical profession; a physician.

> By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death
> Will seize the doctor too.

Shak.

4. Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency; as, the doctor of a calico-printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous coloring matter; the doctor, or auxiliary engine, called also donkey engine.

5. (Zoöl.) The friar skate. [Prov. Eng.]

Doctors' Commons. See under Commons. -- Doctor's stuff, physic, medicine. G. Eliot. -- Doctor fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Acanthurus; the surgeon fish; -- so called from a sharp lancetlike spine on each side of the tail. Also called barber fish. See Surgeon fish.

Doc"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doctored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Doctoring.] 1. To treat as a physician does; to apply remedies to; to repair; as, to doctor a sick man or a broken cart. [Colloq.]

2. To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor.

3. To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to adulterate; as, to doctor election returns; to doctor whisky. [Slang]

Doc"tor, v. i. To practice physic. [Colloq.]

Doc"tor*al, a. [Cf. F. doctoral.] Of or relating to a doctor, or to the degree of doctor.

> Doctoral habit and square cap.

Wood.

Doc"tor*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a doctor.[R.]

<! p. 441 !>

Doc"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. doctorat.] The degree, title, or rank, of a doctor.

Doc"tor*ate (?), v. t. To make (one) a doctor.

> He was bred . . . in Oxford and there doctorated.

Fuller.

Doc"tor*ess, n. A female doctor.[R.]

Doc"tor*ly, a. Like a doctor or learned man. [Obs.] "Doctorly prelates." Foxe.

Doc"tor*ship, n. Doctorate. [R.] Clarendon.

Doc"tress (?), n. A female doctor. [R.]

Doc"tri*na*ble (?), a. Of the nature of, or constituting, doctrine. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

||Doc`tri*naire" (?), n. [F. See Doctrine.] One who would apply to political or other practical concerns the abstract doctrines or the theories of his own philosophical system; a propounder of a new set of opinions; a dogmatic theorist. Used also adjectively; as, doctrinaire notions.

In french history, the Doctrinaires were a constitutionalist party which originated after the restoration of the Bourbons, and represented the interests of liberalism and progress. After the Revolution of July, 1830, when they came into power, they assumed a conservative position in antagonism with the republicans and radicals. Am. Cyc.

Doc"tri*nal (dk"tr*nal), a. [LL. doctrinalis, fr. L. doctrina: cf. F. doctrinal. See Doctrine.] 1. Pertaining to, or containing, doctrine or something taught and to be believed; as, a doctrinal observation. "Doctrinal clauses." Macaulay.

2. Pertaining to, or having to do with, teaching.

> The word of God serveth no otherwise than in the nature of a doctrinal instrument.

Hooker.

Doc"tri*nal, n. A matter of doctrine; also, a system of doctrines. T. Goodwin. Sir T. Elyot.

Doc"tri*nal*ly, adv. In a doctrinal manner or form; by way of teaching or positive direction.

Doc"tri*na"ri*an (?), n. A doctrinaire. J. H. Newman.

Doc`tri*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles or practices of the Doctrinaires.

Doc"trine (dk"trn), n. [F. doctrine, L. doctrina, fr. doctor. See Doctor.] 1. Teaching; instruction.

> He taught them many things by parables, and said unto them in his doctrine, Hearken.

Mark iv. 2.

2. That which is taught; what is held, put forth as true, and supported by a teacher, a school, or a sect; a principle or position, or the body of principles, in any branch of knowledge; any tenet or dogma; a principle of faith; as, the doctrine of atoms; the doctrine of chances. "The doctrine of gravitation." I. Watts.

> Articles of faith and doctrine.

Hooker.

The Monroe doctrine (Politics), a policy enunciated by President Monroe (Message, Dec. 2, 1823), the essential feature of which is that the United States will regard as an unfriendly act any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their systems on this continent, or any interference to oppress, or in any manner control the destiny of, governments whose independence had been acknowledged by the United States.

Syn. -- Precept; tenet; principle; maxim; dogma. -- Doctrine, Precept. Doctrine denotes whatever is recommended as a speculative truth to the belief of others. Precept is a rule down to be obeyed. Doctrine supposes a teacher; precept supposes a superior, with a right to command. The doctrines of the Bible; the precepts of our holy religion.

> Unpracticed he to fawn or seek for power
> By doctrines fashioned to the varying hour.

Goldsmith.

Doc"u*ment (-*ment), n. [LL. documentum, fr. docere to teach: cf. F. document. See Docile.] 1. That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept; instruction; dogma. [Obs.]

> Learners should not be too much crowded with a heap or multitude of documents or ideas at one time.

I. Watts.

2. An example for instruction or warning. [Obs.]

> They were forth with stoned to death, as a document to others.

Sir W. Raleigh.

3. An original or official paper relied upon as the basis, proof, or support of anything else; -- in its most extended sense, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information in the case; any material substance on which the thoughts of men are represented by any species of conventional mark or symbol.

> Saint Luke . . . collected them from such documents and testimonies as he . . . judged to be authentic.

Paley.

Doc"u*ment, v. t. 1. To teach; to school. [Obs.]

> I am finely documented by my own daughter.

Dryden.

2. To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information; as, a ship should be documented according to the directions of law.

Doc`u*men"tal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to instruction. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. Of or pertaining to written evidence; documentary; as, documental testimony.

Doc`u*men"ta*ry (?), a. Pertaining to written evidence; contained or certified in writing. "Documentary evidence." Macaulay.

{ Dodd, Dod (?) }, v. t. [OE. dodden.] To cut off, as wool from sheep's tails; to lop or clip off. Halliwell.

Dod"dart (?), n. A game much like hockey, played in an open field; also, the, bent stick for playing the game. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell.

Dod"ded, a. [See Dodd.] Without horns; as, dodded cattle; without beards; as, dodded corn. Halliwell.

Dod"der (?), n. [Cf. Dan. dodder, Sw. dodra, G. dotter.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cuscuta. It is a leafless parasitical vine with yellowish threadlike stems. It attaches itself to some other plant, as to flax, goldenrod, etc., and decaying at the root, is nourished by the plant that supports it.

Dod"der, v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. dyderian to deceive, delude, and E. didder, dudder.] To shake, tremble, or totter. "The doddering mast." Thomson.

Dod"dered (?), a. Shattered; infirm. "A laurel grew, doddered with age." Dryden.

Do*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?; twelve + &?; angle: cf. F. dodécagone.] (Geom.) A figure or polygon bounded by twelve sides and containing twelve angles.

||Do*dec`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; twelve + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) A Linnæan order of plants having twelve styles.

{ Do*dec`a*gyn"i*an (?), Do`de*cag"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Dodecagynia; having twelve styles.

Do*dec`a*he"dral (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, a dodecahedion; consisting of twelve equal sides.

Dodecahedral cleavage. See under Cleavage.

Do*dec`a*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; twelve + &?; seat, bottom, base: cf. F. dodécaèdre.] (Geom. & Crystallog.) A solid having twelve faces.

The regular dodecahedron is bounded by twelve equal and regular pentagons; the pyritohedron (see Pyritohedron) is related to it; the rhombic dodecahedron is bounded by twelve equal rhombic faces.

||Do`de*can"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; twelve + &?;, &?;, man, male.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants including all that have any number of stamens between twelve and nineteen.

{ Do`de*can"dri*an (?), Do`de*can"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Dodecandria; having twelve stamens, or from twelve to nineteen.

Do"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. &?; twelve.] (Chem.) Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, C12H26, of the paraffin series.

Do*dec"a*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; twelve + &?; column: cf. F. dodécastyle.] (Arch.) Having twelve columns in front. -- n. A dodecastyle portico, or building.

Do*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; twelve + E. syllabic.] Having twelve syllables.

Do*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. A word consisting of twelve syllables.

Do*dec`a*tem"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; twelve + &?;, dim. of &?; part: cf. F. dodécatémorie.] (Astron.) A tern applied to the twelve houses, or parts, of the zodiac of the primum mobile, to distinguish them from the twelve signs; also, any one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Dodge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dodged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dodging.] [Of uncertain origin: cf. dodder, v., daddle, dade, or dog, v. t.] 1. To start suddenly aside, as to avoid a blow or a missile; to shift place by a sudden start. Milton.

2. To evade a duty by low craft; to practice mean shifts; to use tricky devices; to play fast and loose; to quibble.

> Some dodging casuist with more craft than sincerity.

Milton.

Dodge, v. t. 1. To evade by a sudden shift of place; to escape by starting aside; as, to dodge a blow aimed or a ball thrown.

2. Fig.: To evade by craft; as, to dodge a question; to dodge responsibility. [Colloq.] S. G. Goodrich.

3. To follow by dodging, or suddenly shifting from place to place. Coleridge.

Dodge, n. The act of evading by some skillful movement; a sudden starting aside; hence, an artful device to evade, deceive, or cheat; a cunning trick; an artifice. [Colloq.]

> Some, who have a taste for good living, have many harmless arts, by which they improve their banquet, and innocent dodges, if we may be permitted to use an excellent phrase that has become vernacular since the appearance of the last dictionaries.

Thackeray.

Dodg"er (?), n. 1. One who dodges or evades; one who plays fast and loose, or uses tricky devices. Smart.

2. A small handbill. [U. S.]

3. See Corndodger.

Dodg"er*y (?), n. trickery; artifice. [Obs.] Hacket.

{ Dod"i*pate (?), Dod"i*poll (?), } n. [Perh. fr. OE. dodden to cut off, to shear, and first applied to shaven-polled priests.] A stupid person; a fool; a blockhead.

> Some will say, our curate is naught, an ass-head, a dodipoll.

Latimer.

Dod"kin (?), n. [D. duitken, dim. of duit. See Doit, and cf. Doitkin.] A doit; a small coin. Shelton.

Dod"man (?), n. 1. A snail; also, a snail shell; a hodmandod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Nares.

2. (Zoöl.) Any shellfish which casts its shell, as a lobster. [Prov. Eng.]

Do"do (?), n.; pl. Dodoes (#). [Said to be fr. Pg. doudo silly, foolish (cf. Booby); this is fr. Prov. E. dold, the same word as E. dolt.] (Zoöl.) A large, extinct bird (Didus ineptus), formerly inhabiting the Island of Mauritius. It had short, half-fledged wings, like those of the ostrich, and a short neck and legs; -- called also dronte. It was related to the pigeons.

Doe (d), n. [AS. d; cf. Dan. daa, daa-dyr, deer, and perh. L. dama. √66.] (Zoöl.) A female deer or antelope; specifically, the female of the fallow deer, of which the male is called a buck. Also applied to the female of other animals, as the rabbit. See the Note under Buck.

Doe (d), n. A feat. [Obs.] See Do, n. Hudibras.

Dœg"lic (?), a. Pertaining to, or obtained from, the dœgling; as, dœglic acid (Chem.), an oily substance resembling oleic acid.

||Dœg"ling (?), n. [Native name in Faroe Islands.] (Zoöl.) The beaked whale (Balænoptera rostrata), from which dœgling oil is obtained.

Do"er (?), n. [From Do, v. t. & i.] 1. One who does; one who performs or executes; one who is wont and ready to act; an actor; an agent.

> The doers of the law shall be justified.

Rom. ii. 13.

2. (Scots Law) An agent or attorney; a factor. Burrill.

Does (dz). The 3d pers. sing. pres. of Do.

Doe"skin` (?), n. 1. The skin of the doe.

2. A firm woolen cloth with a smooth, soft surface like a doe's skin; -- made for men's wear.

Doff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Doffing.] [Do + off. See Do, v. t., 7.] 1. To put off, as dress; to divest one's self of; hence, figuratively, to put or thrust away; to rid one's self of.

> And made us doff our easy robes of peace.

Shak.

> At night, or in the rain,
> He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.

Emerson.

2. To strip; to divest; to undress.

> Heaven's King, who doffs himself our flesh to wear.

Crashaw.

Doff, v. i. To put off dress; to take off the hat.

Doff"er (?), n. (Mach.) A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar with teeth, in a carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the cotton from the cards. Ure.

Dog (dg), n. [AS. docga; akin to D. dog mastiff, Dan. dogge, Sw. dogg.] 1. (Zoöl.) A quadruped of the genus Canis, esp. the domestic dog (C. familiaris). The dog is distinguished above all others of the inferior animals for intelligence, docility, and attachment to man. There are numerous carefully bred varieties, as the beagle, bloodhound, bulldog, coachdog, collie, Danish dog, foxhound, greyhound, mastiff, pointer, poodle, St. Bernard, setter, spaniel, spitz dog, terrier, etc. There are also many mixed breeds, and partially domesticated varieties, as well as wild dogs, like the dingo and dhole. (See these names in the Vocabulary.)

2. A mean, worthless fellow; a wretch.

> What is thy servant, which is but a dog, that he should do this great thing?

2 Kings viii. 13 (Rev. Ver. )

3. A fellow; -- used humorously or contemptuously; as, a sly dog; a lazy dog. [Colloq.]

4. (Astron.) One of the two constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor, or the Greater Dog and the Lesser Dog. Canis Major contains the Dog Star (Sirius).

5. An iron for holding wood in a fireplace; a firedog; an andiron.

6. (Mech.) (a) A grappling iron, with a claw or claws, for fastening into wood or other heavy articles, for the purpose of raising or moving them. (b) An iron with fangs fastening a log in a saw pit, or on the carriage of a sawmill. (c) A piece in machinery acting as a catch or clutch; especially, the carrier of a lathe, also, an adjustable stop to change motion, as in a machine tool.

Dog is used adjectively or in composition, commonly in the sense of relating to, or characteristic of, a dog. It is also used to denote a male; as, dog fox or g-fox, a male fox; dog otter or dog-otter, dog wolf, etc.; -- also to denote a thing of cheap or mean quality; as, dog Latin.

A dead dog, a thing of no use or value. 1 Sam. xxiv. 14. -- A dog in the manger, an ugly-natured person who prevents others from enjoying what would be an advantage to them but is none to him. -- Dog ape (Zoöl.), a male ape. -- Dog cabbage, or Dog's cabbage (Bot.), a succulent herb, native to the Mediterranean region (Thelygonum Cynocrambe). -- Dog cheap, very cheap. See under Cheap. -- Dog ear (Arch.), an acroterium. [Colloq.] -- Dog flea (Zoöl.), a species of flea (Pulex canis) which infests dogs and cats, and is often troublesome to man. In America it is the common flea. See Flea, and Aphaniptera. -- Dog grass (Bot.), a grass (Triticum caninum) of the same genus as wheat. -- Dog Latin, barbarous Latin; as, the dog Latin of pharmacy. -- Dog lichen (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Peltigera canina) growing on earth, rocks, and tree trunks, - - a lobed expansion, dingy green above and whitish with fuscous veins beneath. -- Dog louse (Zoöl.), a louse that infests the dog, esp. Hæmatopinus piliferus; another species is Trichodectes latus. -- Dog power, a machine operated by the weight of a dog traveling in a drum, or on an endless track, as for churning. -- Dog salmon (Zoöl.), a salmon of northwest America and northern Asia; -- the gorbuscha; -- called also holia, and hone. -- Dog shark. (Zoöl.) See Dogfish. -- Dog's meat, meat fit only for dogs; refuse; offal. -- Dog Star. See in the Vocabulary. -- Dog wheat (Bot.), Dog grass. -- Dog whelk (Zoöl.), any species of univalve shells of the family Nassidæ, esp. the Nassa reticulata of England. -- To give, or throw, to the dogs, to throw away as useless. "Throw physic to the dogs; I'll none of it." Shak. -- To go to the dogs, to go to ruin; to be ruined.

<! p. 442 !>

Dog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dogging.] To hunt or track like a hound; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to chase with a dog or dogs; to worry, as if by dogs; to hound with importunity.

> I have been pursued, dogged, and waylaid.

Pope.

> Your sins will dog you, pursue you.

Burroughs.

> Eager ill-bred petitioners, who do not so properly supplicate as hunt the person whom they address to, dogging him from place to place, till they even extort an answer to their rude requests.

South.

Do"gal (?), a. [LL. dogalis for ducalis. See Doge.] Of or pertaining to a doge.[R.]

Do"gate (?), n. [Cf. F. dogat, It. dogato. See Doge, and cf. Dogeate.] The office or dignity of a doge.

Dog"bane` (?), n. [Said to be poisonous to dogs. Cf. Apocynaceous.] (Bot.) A small genus of perennial herbaceous plants, with poisonous milky juice, bearing slender pods pods in pairs.

Dog" bee` (?). A male or drone bee. Halliwell.

Dog"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The berry of the dogwood; -- called also dogcherry. Dr. Prior.

Dogberry tree (Bot.), the dogwood.

Dog"bolt` (?), n. (Gun.) The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion of a cannon. Knight.

Dog"-bri`er (?), n. (Bot.) The dog-rose.

Dog"cart` (?), n. A light one- horse carriage, commonly two-wheeled, patterned after a cart. The original dogcarts used in England by sportsmen had a box at the back for carrying dogs.

{ Dog" day` or Dog"day` (?) }. One of the dog days.

Dogday cicada (Zoöl.), a large American cicada (C. pruinosa), which trills loudly in midsummer.

Dog" days` (?). A period of from four to six weeks, in the summer, variously placed by almanac makers between the early part of July and the early part of September; canicular days; -- so called in reference to the rising in ancient times of the Dog Star (Sirius) with the sun. Popularly, the sultry, close part of the summer.

The conjunction of the rising of the Dog Star with the rising of the sun was regarded by the ancients as one of the causes of the sultry heat of summer, and of the maladies which then prevailed. But as the conjunction does not occur at the same time in all latitudes, and is not constant in the same region for a long period, there has been much variation in calendars regarding the limits of the dog days. The astronomer Roger Long states that in an ancient calendar in Bede (died 735) the beginning of dog days is placed on the 14th of July; that in a calendar prefixed to the Common Prayer, printed in the time of Queen Elizabeth, they were said to begin on the 6th of July and end on the 5th of September; that, from the Restoration (1660) to the beginning of New Style (1752), British almanacs placed the beginning on the 19th of July and the end on the 28th of August; and that after 1752 the beginning was put on the 30th of July, the end on the 7th of September. Some English calendars now put the beginning on July 3d, and the ending on August 11th. A popular American almanac of the present time (1890) places the beginning on the 25th of July, and the end on the 5th of September.

Dog"draw` (?), n. (Eng. Forest Law) The act of drawing after, or pursuing, deer with a dog. Cowell.

Doge (?), n. [It doge, dogio, for duce, duca, fr. L. dux, ducis, a leader, commander. See Duke.] The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

Dog"-eared` (?), a. Having the corners of the leaves turned down and soiled by careless or long- continued usage; -- said of a book.

> Statute books before unopened, not dog- eared.

Ld. Mansfield.

Doge"ate (?), n. Dogate. Wright.

Doge"less, a. Without a doge. Byron.

Dog"-faced` (?), a. Having a face resembling that of a dog.

Dog-faced baboon (Zoöl.), any baboon of the genus Cynocephalus. See Drill.

Dog" fan`cier (?). One who has an unusual fancy for, or interest in, dogs; also, one who deals in dogs.

Dog"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) 1. A small shark, of many species, of the genera Mustelus, Scyllium, Spinax, etc.

The European spotted dogfishes (Scyllium catudus, and S. canicula) are very abundant; the American smooth, or blue dogfish is Mustelus canis; the common picked, or horned dogfish (Squalus acanthias) abundant on both sides of the Atlantic.

2. The bowfin (Amia calva). See Bowfin.

3. The burbot of Lake Erie.

Dog"-fox` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A male fox. See the Note under Dog, n., 6. Sir W. Scott. (b) The Arctic or blue fox; -- a name also applied to species of the genus Cynalopex.

Dog"ged (?), a. [Fron. Dog.] 1. Sullen; morose. [Obs. or R.]

> The sulky spite of a temper naturally dogged.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Sullenly obstinate; obstinately determined or persistent; as, dogged resolution; dogged work.

Dog"ged*ly, adv. In a dogged manner; sullenly; with obstinate resolution.

Dog"ged*ness, n. 1. Sullenness; moroseness. [R.]

2. Sullen or obstinate determination; grim resolution or persistence.

Dog"ger (?), n. [D., fr. dogger codfish, orig. used in the catching of codfish.] (Naut.) A two-masted fishing vessel, used by the Dutch.

Dog"ger, n. A sort of stone, found in the mines with the true alum rock, chiefly of silica and iron.

Dog"ger*el (?), a. [OE. dogerel.] Low in style, and irregular in measure; as, doggerel rhymes.

> This may well be rhyme doggerel, quod he.

Chaucer.

Dog"ger*el, n. A sort of loose or irregular verse; mean or undignified poetry.

> Doggerel like that of Hudibras.

Addison.

> The ill-spelt lines of doggerel in which he expressed his reverence for the brave sufferers.

Macaulay.

Dog"ger*man (?), n. A sailor belonging to a dogger.

Dog"get (?), n. Docket. See Docket. [Obs.]

Dog"gish (?), a. Like a dog; having the bad qualities of a dog; churlish; growling; brutal. -- Dog"gish*ly, adv. -- Dog"gish*ness, n.

Dog"grel (?), a. & n. Same as Doggerel.

Dog"-head`ed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a head shaped like that of a dog; -- said of certain baboons.

Dog"-heart`ed (?), a. Inhuman; cruel. Shak.

Dog"hole` (?), n. A place fit only for dogs; a vile, mean habitation or apartment. Dryden.

dog"-leg`ged (?), a. (Arch) Noting a flight of stairs, consisting of two or more straight portions connected by a platform (landing) or platforms, and running in opposite directions without an intervening wellhole.

Dog"ma (dg"m), n.; pl. E. Dogmas (-mz), L. Dogmata (-m*t). [L. dogma, Gr. do`gma, pl. do`gmata, fr. dokei^n to think, seem, appear; akin to L. decet it is becoming. Cf. Decent.] 1. That which is held as an opinion; a tenet; a doctrine.

> The obscure and loose dogmas of early antiquity.

Whewell.

2. A formally stated and authoritatively settled doctrine; a definite, established, and authoritative tenet.

3. A doctrinal notion asserted without regard to evidence or truth; an arbitrary dictum.

Syn. -- tenet; opinion; proposition; doctrine. -- Dogma, Tenet. A tenet is that which is maintained as true with great firmness; as, the tenets of our holy religion. A dogma is that which is laid down with authority as indubitably true, especially a religious doctrine; as, the dogmas of the church. A tenet rests on its own intrinsic merits or demerits; a dogma rests on authority regarded as competent to decide and determine. Dogma has in our language acquired, to some extent, a repulsive sense, from its carrying with it the idea of undue authority or assumption. This is more fully the case with its derivatives dogmatical and dogmatism.

Dog*mat"ic (dg*mt"k), n. One of an ancient sect of physicians who went by general principles; -- opposed to the Empiric.

{ Dog*mat"ic (dg*mt"k), Dog*mat`ic*al (-*kal), } a. [L. dogmaticus, Gr. dogmatiko`s, fr. do`gma: cf. F. dogmatique.] 1. Pertaining to a dogma, or to an established and authorized doctrine or tenet.

2. Asserting a thing positively and authoritatively; positive; magisterial; hence, arrogantly authoritative; overbearing.

> Critics write in a positive, dogmatic way.

Spectator.

> [They] are as assertive and dogmatical as if they were omniscient.

Glanvill.

Dogmatic theology. Same as Dogmatics.

Syn. -- Magisterial; arrogant. See Magisterial.

Dog*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a dogmatic manner; positively; magisterially.

Dog*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being dogmatical; positiveness.

Dog`ma*ti"cian (?), n. A dogmatist.

Dog*mat"ics (?), n. The science which treats of Christian doctrinal theology.

Dog"ma*tism (?), n. The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.

> The self-importance of his demeanor, and the dogmatism of his conversation.

Sir W. Scott.

Dog"ma*tist (?), n. [L. dogmatistes, Gr. &?; , fr. &?;.] One who dogmatizes; one who speaks dogmatically; a bold and arrogant advancer of principles.

> I expect but little success of all this upon the dogmatist; his opinioned assurance is paramount to argument.

Glanvill.

Dog"ma*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dogmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dogmatizing.] [L. dogmatizare to lay down an opinion, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. dogmatiser. See Dogma.] To assert positively; to teach magisterially or with bold and undue confidence; to advance with arrogance.

> The pride of dogmatizing schools.

Blackmore.

Dog"ma*tize, v. t. To deliver as a dogma. [R.]

Dog"ma*ti`zer (?), n. One who dogmatizes; a bold asserter; a magisterial teacher. Hammond.

Dog"-rose` (?), n. (Bot.) A common European wild rose, with single pink or white flowers.

Dog's"-bane` (?), n. (Bot.) See Dogbane.

Dog's"-ear` (?), n. The corner of a leaf, in a book, turned down like the ear of a dog. Gray. -- Dog's"-eared` (#), a. Cowper.

Dog"ship (?), n. The character, or individuality, of a dog.

Dog"shore` (?), n. (Naut.) One of several shores used to hold a ship firmly and prevent her moving while the blocks are knocked away before launching.

Dog"sick` (?), a. Sick as a dog sometimes is very sick. [Colloq.]

Dog"skin (?), n. The skin of a dog, or leather made of the skin. Also used adjectively.

Dog"sleep` (?), n. 1. Pretended sleep. Addison.

2. (Naut.) The fitful naps taken when all hands are kept up by stress.

Dog's"-tail grass` (?), n. (Bot.) A hardy species of British grass (Cynosurus cristatus) which abounds in grass lands, and is well suited for making straw plait; -- called also goldseed.

Dog" Star` (?). Sirius, a star of the constellation Canis Major, or the Greater Dog, and the brightest star in the heavens; -- called also Canicula, and, in astronomical charts, α Canis Majoris. See Dog days.

Dog's"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) Hound's-tongue.

Dog"tie` (?), n. (Arch.) A cramp.

Dog"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Dogteeth (&?;). 1. See Canine tooth, under Canine.

2. (Arch.) An ornament common in Gothic architecture, consisting of pointed projections resembling teeth; -- also called tooth ornament.

Dogtooth spar (Min.), a variety of calcite, in acute crystals, resembling the tooth of a dog. See Calcite. -- Dogtooth violet (Bot.), a small, bulbous herb of the Lily family (genus Erythronium). It has two shining flat leaves and commonly one large flower. [Written also dog's-tooth violet.]

Dog"trick` (?), n. A gentle trot, like that of a dog.

Dog"vane` (?), n. (Naut.) A small vane of bunting, feathers, or any other light material, carried at the masthead to indicate the direction of the wind. Totten.

Dog"watch` (?), n. (Naut.) A half watch; a watch of two hours, of which there are two, the first dogwatch from 4 to 6 o'clock, p. m., and the second dogwatch from 6 to 8 o'clock, p. m. Totten.

Dog"-wea`ry (?), a. Extremely weary. Shak.

Dog"wood` (-wd`), n. [So named from skewers (dags) being made of it. Dr. Prior. See Dag, and Dagger.] (Bot.) The Cornus, a genus of large shrubs or small trees, the wood of which is exceedingly hard, and serviceable for many purposes.

There are several species, one of which, Cornus mascula, called also cornelian cherry, bears a red acid berry. C. florida is the flowering dogwood, a small American tree with very showy blossoms.

Dogwood tree. (a) The dogwood or Cornus. (b) A papilionaceous tree (Piscidia erythrina) growing in Jamaica. It has narcotic properties; -- called also Jamaica dogwood.

Doh"tren (d"trn), n. pl. Daughters. [Obs.]

Doi"ly (?), n. [So called from the name of the dealer.] 1. A kind of woolen stuff. [Obs.] "Some doily petticoats." Dryden.

> A fool and a doily stuff, would now and then find days of grace, and be worn for variety.

Congreve.

2. A small napkin, used at table with the fruit, etc.; -- commonly colored and fringed.

Do"ing (?), n.; pl. Doings (&?;). Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the plural, conduct; behavior. See Do.

> To render an account of his doings.

Barrow.

Doit (?), n. [D. duit, Icel. pveit, prop., a piece cut off. See Thwaite a piece of ground, Thwite.] 1. A small Dutch coin, worth about half a farthing; also, a similar small coin once used in Scotland; hence, any small piece of money. Shak.

2. A thing of small value; as, I care not a doit.

Doit"kin (?), n. A very small coin; a doit.

Dok`i*mas"tic (?), a. Docimastic.

||Do"ko (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Lepidosiren.

||Do*la"bra (?), n. [L., fr. dolare to hew.] A rude ancient ax or hatchet, seen in museums.

Do*lab"ri*form (?), a. [L. dolabra a mattock + -form.] Shaped like the head of an ax or hatchet, as some leaves, and also certain organs of some shellfish.

{ ||Dol"ce (?), Dol`ce*men"te (?), } adv. [It., fr. L. dulcis sweet, soft.] (Mus.) Softly; sweetly; with soft, smooth, and delicate execution.

||Dol*ci"no (?), or ||Dul*ci"no (&?;), n. [Cf. It. dolcigno sweetish.] (Mus.) A small bassoon, formerly much used. Simmonds.

Dol"drums (dl"drmz), n. pl. [Cf. Gael. doltrum grief, vexation?] A part of the ocean near the equator, abounding in calms, squalls, and light, baffling winds, which sometimes prevent all progress for weeks; -- so called by sailors.

To be in the doldrums, to be in a state of listlessness ennui, or tedium.

Dole (dl), n. [OE. deol, doel, dol, OF. doel, fr. doloir to suffer, fr. L. dolere; perh. akin to dolare to hew.] grief; sorrow; lamentation. [Archaic]

> And she died.
> So that day there was dole in Astolat.

Tennyson.

Dole, n. [L. dolus: cf. F. dol.] (Scots Law) See Dolus.

Dole, n. [AS. dl portion; same word as d&?;l. See Deal.] 1. Distribution; dealing; apportionment.

> At her general dole,
> Each receives his ancient soul.

Cleveland.

2. That which is dealt out; a part, share, or portion also, a scanty share or allowance.

<! p. 443 !>

3. Alms; charitable gratuity or portion.

> So sure the dole, so ready at their call,
> They stood prepared to see the manna fall.

Dryden.

> Heaven has in store a precious dole.

Keble.

4. A boundary; a landmark. Halliwell.

5. A void space left in tillage. [Prov. Eng.]

Dole beer, beer bestowed as alms. [Obs.] -- Dole bread, bread bestowed as alms. [Obs.] -- Dole meadow, a meadow in which several persons have a common right or share.

Dole (dl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doled (dld); p. pr. & vb. n. Doling.] To deal out in small portions; to distribute, as a dole; to deal out scantily or grudgingly.

> The supercilious condescension with which even his reputed friends doled out their praises to him.

De Quincey.

Dole"ful (?), a. Full of dole or grief; expressing or exciting sorrow; sorrowful; sad; dismal.

> With screwed face and doleful whine.

South.

> Regions of sorrow, doleful shades.

Milton.

Syn. -- Piteous; rueful; sorrowful; woeful; melancholy; sad gloomy; dismal; dolorous; woe-begone.

-- Dole"ful*ly, adv. -- Dole"ful*ness, n.

Do"lent (?), a. [L. dolens, p. pr. of dolere: cf. F. dolent. See Dole sorrow.] Sorrowful. [Obs.] Ford.

||Do*len"te (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Plaintively. See Doloroso.

Dol"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; deceitful; because it was easily confounded with diorite.] (Geol. & Min.) A dark-colored, basic, igneous rock, composed essentially of pyroxene and a triclinic feldspar with magnetic iron. By many authors it is considered equivalent to a coarse-grained basalt.

Dol`er*it"ic (?), a. Of the nature of dolerite; as, much lava is doleritic lava. Dana.

Dole"some, a. Doleful; dismal; gloomy; sorrowful. -- Dole"some*ly, adv. -- Dole"some*ness, n.

Dolf (?), imp. of Delve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Dol`i*cho*ce*phal"ic (dl`*k*s*fl"k), Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lous (-sf"*ls), } a. [Gr. dolicho`s long + kefalh` head.] (Anat.) Having the cranium, or skull, long to its breadth; long-headed; -- opposed to brachycephalic. -- Dol`i*cho*ceph"al (#), a. & n.

{ Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*ly (-*l), Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lism (-*lz'm) }, n. [Cf. F. dolichcéphalie.] The quality or condition of being dolichocephalic.

Do"li*o*form (?), a. [L. dolium large jar + -form.] (Biol.) Barrel-shaped, or like a cask in form.

||Do*li"o*lum (?), n. [L. doliolum a small cask.] (Zoöl.) A genus of freeswimming oceanic tunicates, allied to Salpa, and having alternate generations.

Do"-lit`tle (?), n. One who performs little though professing much. [Colloq.]

> Great talkers are commonly dolittles.

Bp. Richardson.

||Do"li*um (?), n. [L. large jar.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large univalve mollusks, including the partridge shell and tun shells.

Doll (?), n. [A contraction of Dorothy; or less prob. an abbreviation of idol; or cf. OD. dol a whipping top, D. dollen to rave, and E. dull.] A child's puppet; a toy baby for a little girl.

Dol"lar (?), n. [D. daalder, LG. dahler, G. thaler, an abbreviation of Joachimsthaler, i. e., a piece of money first coined, about the year 1518, in the valley (G. thal) of St. Joachim, in Bohemia. See Dale.] 1. (a) A silver coin of the United States containing 371.25 grains of silver and 41.25 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of 412.5 grains. (b) A gold coin of the United States containing 23.22 grains of gold and 2.58 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of 25.8 grains, nine-tenths fine. It is no longer coined.

Previous to 1837 the silver dollar had a larger amount of alloy, but only the same amount of silver as now, the total weight being 416 grains. The gold dollar as a distinct coin was first made in 1849. The eagles, half eagles, and quarter eagles coined before 1834 contained 24.75 grains of gold and 2.25 grains of alloy for each dollar.

2. A coin of the same general weight and value, though differing slightly in different countries, current in Mexico, Canada, parts of South America, also in Spain, and several other European countries.

3. The value of a dollar; the unit commonly employed in the United States in reckoning money values.

Chop dollar. See under 9th Chop. -- Dollar fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the United States coast (Stromateus triacanthus), having a flat, roundish form and a bright silvery luster; -- called also butterfish, and Lafayette. See Butterfish. -- Trade dollar, a silver coin formerly made at the United States mint, intended for export, and not legal tender at home. It contained 378 grains of silver and 42 grains of alloy.

Dol`lar*dee" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A species of sunfish (Lepomis pallidus), common in the United States; -- called also blue sunfish, and copper-nosed bream.

Doll"man (?), n. See Dolman.

Dol"ly (?), n.; pl. Dollies (&?;). 1. (Mining) A contrivance, turning on a vertical axis by a handle or winch, and giving a circular motion to the ore to be washed; a stirrer.

2. (Mach.) A tool with an indented head for shaping the head of a rivet. Knight.

3. In pile driving, a block interposed between the head of the pile and the ram of the driver.

4. A small truck with a single wide roller used for moving heavy beams, columns, etc., in bridge building.

5. A compact, narrow-gauge locomotive used for moving construction trains, switching, etc.

Dol"ly (?), n. A child's mane for a doll.

Dolly shop, a shop where rags, old junk, etc., are bought and sold; usually, in fact, an unlicensed pawnbroker's shop, formerly distinguished by the sign of a black doll. [England]

Dol"ly Var"den (?). 1. A character in Dickens's novel "Barnaby Rudge," a beautiful, lively, and coquettish girl who wore a cherry-colored mantle and cherry-colored ribbons.

2. A style of light, bright-figured dress goods for women; also, a style of dress.

Dolly Varden trout (Zoöl.), a trout of northwest America; -- called also bull trout, malma, and red-spotted trout. See Malma.

Dol"man (dl"man), n. [Turk. dlmn: cf. F. doliman.] 1. A long robe or outer garment, with long sleeves, worn by the Turks. [Written also doliman.]

2. A cloak of a peculiar fashion worn by women.

Dol"men (dl"mn), n. [Armor. taol, tol, table + mean, maen, men, stone: cf. F. dolmen.] A cromlech. See Cromlech. [Written also tolmen.]

Dol"o*mite (dl"*mt), n. [After the French geologist Dolomieu.] (Geol. & Min.) A mineral consisting of the carbonate of lime and magnesia in varying proportions. It occurs in distinct crystals, and in extensive beds as a compact limestone, often crystalline granular, either white or clouded. It includes much of the common white marble. Also called bitter spar.

Dol`o*mit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to dolomite.

Dol"o*mize (?), v. t. To convert into dolomite. -- Dol`o*mi*za"tion (#), n.

Do"lor (?), n. [OE. dolor, dolur, dolour, F. douleur, L. dolor, fr. dolere. See 1st Dole.] Pain; grief; distress; anguish. [Written also dolour.] [Poetic]

> Of death and dolor telling sad tidings.

Spenser.

Dol`or*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. dolor pain + -ferous.] Producing pain. Whitaker.

{ Dol`or*if"ic (?), Dol`or*if"ic*al (?), } a. [LL. dolorificus; L. dolor pain + facere to make.] Causing pain or grief. Arbuthnot.

||Do`lo*ro"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Plaintive; pathetic; -- used adverbially as a musical direction.

Dol"or*ous (?), a. [L. dolorosus, from dolor: cf. F. douloureux. See Dolor.] 1. Full of grief; sad; sorrowful; doleful; dismal; as, a dolorous object; dolorous discourses.

> You take me in too dolorous a sense;
> I spake to you for your comfort.

Shak.

2. Occasioning pain or grief; painful.

> Their dispatch is quick, and less dolorous than the paw of the bear or teeth of the lion.

Dr. H. More.

-- Dol"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Dol"or*ous*ness, n.

Dol"phin (dl"fn), n. [F. dauphin dolphin, dauphin, earlier spelt also doffin; cf. OF. dalphinal of the dauphin; fr. L. delphinus, Gr. delfi`s a dolphin (in senses 1, 2, & 5), perh. properly, belly fish; cf. delfy`s womb, Skr. garbha; perh. akin to E. calf. Cf. Dauphin, Delphine.] 1. (Zool.) (a) A cetacean of the genus Delphinus and allied genera (esp. D. delphis); the true dolphin. (b) The Coryphæna hippuris, a fish of about five feet in length, celebrated for its surprising changes of color when dying. It is the fish commonly known as the dolphin. See Coryphænoid.

The dolphin of the ancients (D. delphis) is common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and attains a length of from six to eight feet.

2. [Gr. delfi`s] (Gr. Antiq.) A mass of iron or lead hung from the yardarm, in readiness to be dropped on the deck of an enemy's vessel.

3. (Naut.) (a) A kind of wreath or strap of plaited cordage. (b) A spar or buoy held by an anchor and furnished with a ring to which ships may fasten their cables. R. H. Dana. (c) A mooring post on a wharf or beach. (d) A permanent fender around a heavy boat just below the gunwale. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

4. (Gun.) In old ordnance, one of the handles above the trunnions by which the gun was lifted.

5. (Astron.) A small constellation between Aquila and Pegasus. See Delphinus, n., 2.

Dolphin fly (Zoöl.), the black, bean, or collier, Aphis (Aphis fable), destructive to beans. -- Dolphin striker (Naut.), a short vertical spar under the bowsprit.

Dol"phin*et (?), n. A female dolphin. [R.] Spenser.

Dolt (dlt; 110), n. [OE. dulte, prop. p. p. of dullen to dull. See Dull.] A heavy, stupid fellow; a blockhead; a numskull; an ignoramus; a dunce; a dullard.

> This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt.

Drayton.

Dolt, v. i. To behave foolishly. [Obs.]

Dolt"ish, a. Doltlike; dull in intellect; stupid; blockish; as, a doltish clown. -- Dolt"ish*ly, adv. -- Dolt"ish*ness, n.

||Do"lus (?), n. [L., deceit; akin to Gr. &?;.] (Law) Evil intent, embracing both malice and fraud. See Culpa. Wharton.

Dolv"en (?), p. p. of Delve. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

-dom (&?;). A suffix denoting: (a) Jurisdiction or property and jurisdiction, dominion, as in kingdom earldom. (b) State, condition, or quality of being, as in wisdom, freedom. It is from the same root as doom meaning authority and judgment. &?;. See Doom.

Dom (?), n. [Pg. See Don.] 1. A title anciently given to the pope, and later to other church dignitaries and some monastic orders. See Don, and Dan.

2. In Portugal and Brazil, the title given to a member of the higher classes.

Dom"a*ble (?), a. [L. domabilis, fr. domare to tame.] Capable of being tamed; tamable.

Dom"a*ble*ness, n. Tamableness.

Dom"age (?), n. [See Damage.] 1. Damage; hurt. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. Subjugation. [Obs.] Hobbes.

Do*main" (?), n. [F. domaine, OF. demaine, L. dominium, property, right of ownership, fr. dominus master, owner. See Dame, and cf Demesne, Dungeon.] 1. Dominion; empire; authority.

2. The territory over which dominion or authority is exerted; the possessions of a sovereign or commonwealth, or the like. Also used figuratively.

> The domain of authentic history.

E. Everett.

> The domain over which the poetic spirit ranges.

J. C. Shairp.

3. Landed property; estate; especially, the land about the mansion house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy; demesne. Shenstone.

4. (Law) Ownership of land; an estate or patrimony which one has in his own right; absolute proprietorship; paramount or sovereign ownership.

Public domain, the territory belonging to a State or to the general government; public lands. [U.S.] -- Right of eminent domain, that superior dominion of the sovereign power over all the property within the state, including that previously granted by itself, which authorizes it to appropriate any part thereof to a necessary public use, reasonable compensation being made.

Do"mal (?), a. [L. domus house.] (Astrol.) Pertaining to a house. Addison.

Do*ma"ni*al (?), a. Of or relating to a domain or to domains.

Dome, n. [F. dôme, It. duomo, fr. L. domus a house, domus Dei or Domini, house of the Lord, house of God; akin to Gr. &?; house, &?; to build, and E. timber. See Timber.] 1. A building; a house; an edifice; -- used chiefly in poetry.

> Approach the dome, the social banquet share.

Pope.

2. (Arch.) A cupola formed on a large scale.

"The Italians apply the term il duomo to the principal church of a city, and the Germans call every cathedral church Dom; and it is supposed that the word in its present English sense has crept into use from the circumstance of such buildings being frequently surmounted by a cupola." Am. Cyc.

3. Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building; as the upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a boiler, etc.

4. (Crystallog.) A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of the planes of such a form.

If the plane is parallel to the longer diagonal (macrodiagonal) of the prism, it is called a macrodome; if parallel to the shorter (brachydiagonal), it is a brachydome; if parallel to the inclined diagonal in a monoclinic crystal, it is called a clinodome; if parallel to the orthodiagonal axis, an orthodome. Dana.

Dome, n. [See Doom.] Decision; judgment; opinion; a court decision. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dome"book` (?), n. [Dome doom + book.] (O. Eng. Law) A book said to have been compiled under the direction of King Alfred. It is supposed to have contained the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Domebook was probably a general name for book of judgments. Burrill.

Domed (?), a. Furnished with a dome; shaped like a dome.

Domes"day` (?), n. A day of judgment. See Doomsday. [Obs.]

Domesday Book, the ancient record of the survey of most of the lands of England, made by order of William the Conqueror, about 1086. It consists of two volumes, a large folio and a quarto, and gives the proprietors' tenures, arable land, woodland, etc. [Written also Doomsday Book.]

Domes"man (?), n.; pl. Domesmen (#). [See Doom.] A judge; an umpire. [Obs.]

Do*mes"tic (?), a. [L. domesticus, fr. domus use: cf. F. domestique. See 1st Dome.] 1. Of or pertaining to one's house or home, or one's household or family; relating to home life; as, domestic concerns, life, duties, cares, happiness, worship, servants.

> His fortitude is the more extraordinary, because his domestic feelings were unusually strong.

Macaulay.

4. Of or pertaining to a nation considered as a family or home, or to one's own country; intestine; not foreign; as, foreign wars and domestic dissensions. Shak.

3. Remaining much at home; devoted to home duties or pleasures; as, a domestic man or woman.

4. Living in or near the habitations of man; domesticated; tame as distinguished from wild; as, domestic animals.

5. Made in one's own house, nation, or country; as, domestic manufactures, wines, etc.

Do*mes"tic, n. 1. One who lives in the family of an other, as hired household assistant; a house servant.

> The master labors and leads an anxious life, to secure plenty and ease to the domestic.

V. Knox.

2. pl. (Com.) Articles of home manufacture, especially cotton goods. [U. S.]

<! p. 444 !>

Do*mes"tic*al (?), a. Domestic. [Obs.]

> Our private and domestical matter.

Sir. P. Sidney.

Do*mes"tic*al, n. A family; a household. [Obs.]

Do*mes"tic*al*ly, adv. In a domestic manner; privately; with reference to domestic affairs.

Do*mes"ti*cant (?), a. Forming part of the same family. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

Do*mes"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domesticated; p. pr. & vb. n. Domesticating.] [LL. domesticatus, p. p. of domesticare to reside in, to tame. See Domestic, a.] 1. To make domestic; to habituate to home life; as, to domesticate one's self.

2. To cause to be, as it were, of one's family or country; as, to domesticate a foreign custom or word.

3. To tame or reclaim from a wild state; as, to domesticate wild animals; to domesticate a plant.

Do*mes`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. domestication.] The act of domesticating, or accustoming to home; the action of taming wild animals.

Do*mes"ti*ca`tor (?), n. One who domesticates.

Do`mes*tic"i*ty (?), n. [LL. domesticitas: cf. F. domesticité.] The state of being domestic; domestic character; household life.

Dom"ett (?), n. A kind of baize of which the ward is cotton and the weft woolen. Blakely.

Do"mey*kite (?), n. [Named after Domeyko, a mineralogist of Chili.] (Min.) A massive mineral of tin-white or steel-gray color, an arsenide of copper.

Dom"i*cal (?), a. Relating to, or shaped like, a dome.

Dom"i*cile (?), n. [L. domicilium; domus house + (prob.) root of celare to conceal: cf. F. domicile. See Dome, and Conceal.] 1. An abode or mansion; a place of permanent residence, either of an individual or a family.

2. (Law) A residence at a particular place accompanied with an intention to remain there for an unlimited time; a residence accepted as a final abode. Wharton.

Dom"i*cile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domiciled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Domiciling.] [Cf. F. domicilier. Cf. Domiciliate.] To establish in a fixed residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy; to domiciliate. Kent.

Dom`i*cil"i*ar (?), n. A member of a household; a domestic.

Dom`i*cil"i*a*ry (?), a. [LL. domiciliarius.] Of or pertaining to a domicile, or the residence of a person or family.

> The personal and domiciliary rights of the citizen scrupulously guarded.

Motley.

Domiciliary visit (Law), a visit to a private dwelling, particularly for searching it, under authority.

Dom`i*cil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Domiciliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Domiciliating (?).] [See Domicile.] 1. To establish in a permanent residence; to domicile.

2. To domesticate. Pownall.

Dom`i*cil`i*a"tion (?), n. The act of domiciliating; permanent residence; inhabitancy. Milman.

Dom"i*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L. domus house + E. culture. See 1st Dome.] The art of house-keeping, cookery, etc. [R.] R. Park.

Dom"i*fy (?), v. t. [L. domus + - fy: cf. F. domifier.] 1. (Astrol.) To divide, as the heavens, into twelve houses. See House, in astrological sense. [Obs.]

2. To tame; to domesticate. [Obs.] Johnson.

||Dom"i*na (?), n. [L., lady. See Dame.] (O. Eng. Law) Lady; a lady; -- a title formerly given to noble ladies who held a barony in their own right. Burrill.

{ Dom"i*nance (?), Dom"i*nan*cy (?), } n. Predominance; ascendency; authority.

Dom"i*nant (?), a. [L. dominans, -antis, p. pr. of dominari: cf. F. dominant. See Dominate.] Ruling; governing; prevailing; controlling; predominant; as, the dominant party, church, spirit, power.

> The member of a dominant race is, in his dealings with the subject race, seldom indeed fraudulent, . . . but imperious, insolent, and cruel.

Macaulay.

Dominant estate or tenement (Law), the estate to which a servitude or easement is due from another estate, the estate over which the servitude extends being called the servient estate or tenement. Bouvier. Wharton's Law Dict. -- Dominant owner (Law), one who owns lands on which there is an easement owned by another.

Syn. -- Governing; ruling; controlling; prevailing; predominant; ascendant.

Dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.) The fifth tone of the scale; thus G is the dominant of C, A of D, and so on.

Dominant chord (Mus.), the chord based upon the dominant.

Dom"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dominated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dominating.] [L. dominatus, p. p. of dominari to dominate, fr. dominus master, lord. See Dame, and cf. Domineer.] To predominate over; to rule; to govern. "A city dominated by the ax." Dickens.

> We everywhere meet with Slavonian nations either dominant or dominated.

W. Tooke.

Dom"i*nate, v. i. To be dominant. Hallam.

Dom`i*na"tion (?), n. [F. domination, L. dominatio.] 1. The act of dominating; exercise of power in ruling; dominion; supremacy; authority; often, arbitrary or insolent sway.

> In such a people, the haughtiness of domination combines with the spirit of freedom.

Burke.

2. A ruling party; a party in power. [R.] Burke.

3. pl. A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning given by the schoolmen.

> Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.

Milton.

Dom"i*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dominatif.] Governing; ruling; imperious. Sir E. Sandys.

Dom"i*na`tor (?), n. [L.] A ruler or ruling power. "Sole dominator of Navarre." Shak.

> Jupiter and Mars are dominators for this northwest part of the world.

Camden.

Dom"i*ne (?), n. [See Dominie.] 1. A name given to a pastor of the Reformed Church. The word is also applied locally in the United States, in colloquial speech, to any clergyman.

2. [From Sp. domine a schoolmaster.] (Zoöl.) A West Indian fish (Epinula magistralis), of the family Trichiuridæ. It is a long-bodied, voracious fish.

Dom`i*neer" (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Domineered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Domineering.] [F. dominer, L. dominari: cf. OD. domineren to feast luxuriously. See Dominate, v. t.] To rule with insolence or arbitrary sway; to play the master; to be overbearing; to tyrannize; to bluster; to swell with conscious superiority or haughtiness; -- often with over; as, to domineer over dependents.

> Go to the feast, revel and domineer.

Shak.

> His wishes tend abroad to roam,
> And hers to domineer at home.

Prior.

Dom`i*neer"ing, a. Ruling arrogantly; overbearing.

> A violent, brutal, domineering old reprobate.

Blackw. Mag.

Syn. -- Haughty; overbearing; lordly. See Imperious. -- Dom`i*neer"ing*ly, adv.

Do*min"ic*al (?), a. [LL. dominicalis, for L. dominicus belonging to a master or lord (dominica dies the Lord's day), fr. dominus master or lord: cf. F. dominical. See Dame.] 1. Indicating, or pertaining to, the Lord's day, or Sunday.

2. Relating to, or given by, our Lord; as, the dominical (or Lord's) prayer. Howell.

> Some words altered in the dominical Gospels.

Fuller.

Dominical altar (Eccl.), the high altar. -- Dominical letter, the letter which, in almanacs, denotes Sunday, or the Lord's day (dies Domini). The first seven letters of the alphabet are used for this purpose, the same letter standing for Sunday during a whole year (except in leap year, when the letter is changed at the end of February). After twenty-eight years the same letters return in the same order. The dominical letters go backwards one day every common year, and two every leap year; e. g., if the dominical letter of a common year be G, F will be the dominical letter for the next year. Called also Sunday letter. Cf. Solar cycle, under Cycle, n.

Do*min"ic*al, n. The Lord's day or Sunday; also, the Lord's prayer. [Obs.]

Do*min"i*can (?), a. [NL. Dominicanus, fr. Dominicus, Dominic, the founder: cf. F. Dominicain.] Of or pertaining to St. Dominic (Dominic de Guzman), or to the religious communities named from him.

Dominican nuns, an order of nuns founded by St. Dominic, and chiefly employed in teaching. -- Dominican tertiaries (the third order of St. Dominic). See Tertiary.

Do*min"i*can, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of an order of mendicant monks founded by Dominic de Guzman, in 1215. A province of the order was established in England in 1221. The first foundation in the United States was made in 1807. The Master of the Sacred Palace at Rome is always a Dominican friar. The Dominicans are called also preaching friars, friars preachers, black friars (from their black cloak), brothers of St. Mary, and in France, Jacobins.

Do*min"i*cide (?), n. [L. dominus master + caedere to cut down, kill.] 1. The act of killing a master.

2. One who kills his master.

Dom"i*nie (?), n. [L. dominus master. See Don, Dame.] 1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Scot.]

> This was Abel Sampson, commonly called, from occupation as a pedagogue, Dominie Sampson.

Sir W. Scott.

2. A clergyman. See Domine, 1. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

Do*min"ion (?), n. [LL. dominio, equiv. to L. dominium. See Domain, Dungeon.] 1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling; independent right of possession, use, and control; sovereignty; supremacy.

> I praised and honored him that liveth forever, whose dominion is an everlasting dominion.

Dan. iv. 34.

> To choose between dominion or slavery.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

2. Superior prominence; predominance; ascendency.

> Objects placed foremost ought . . . have dominion over things confused and transient.

Dryden.

3. That which is governed; territory over which authority is exercised; the tract, district, or county, considered as subject; as, the dominions of a king. Also used figuratively; as, the dominion of the passions.

4. pl. A supposed high order of angels; dominations. See Domination, 3. Milton.

> By him were all things created . . . whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers.

Col. i. 16.

Syn. -- Sovereignty; control; rule; authority; jurisdiction; government; territory; district; region.

Dom"i*no (?), n.; pl. Dominos or (esp. the pieces for a game) Dominoes (#). [F. domino, or It. dominò, or Sp. dominó, fr. L. dominus master. The domino was orig. a hood worn by the canons of a cathedral. See Don, Dame.] 1. A kind of hood worn by the canons of a cathedral church; a sort of amice. Kersey.

2. A mourning veil formerly worn by women.

3. A kind of mask; particularly, a half mask worn at masquerades, to conceal the upper part of the face. Dominos were formerly worn by ladies in traveling.

4. A costume worn as a disguise at masquerades, consisting of a robe with a hood adjustable at pleasure.

5. A person wearing a domino.

6. pl. A game played by two or more persons, with twenty-eight pieces of wood, bone, or ivory, of a flat, oblong shape, plain at the back, but on the face divided by a line in the middle, and either left blank or variously dotted after the manner of dice. The game is played by matching the spots or the blank of an unmatched half of a domino already played Hoyle.

7. One of the pieces with which the game of dominoes is played. Hoyle.

||Dom"i*nus (?), n.; pl. Domini (#). [L., master. See Dame.] Master; sir; -- a title of respect formerly applied to a knight or a clergyman, and sometimes to the lord of a manor. Cowell.

Dom"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. domitare to tame, fr. domare.] That can be tamed. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Do"mite (?), n. (Min.) A grayish variety of trachyte; -- so called from the Puy-de- Dôme in Auvergne, France, where it is found.

Don (dn), n. [Sp. don; akin to Pg. dom, It. donno; fr. L. dominus master. See Dame, and cf. Domine, Dominie, Domino, Dan, Dom.] 1. Sir; Mr; Signior; -- a title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes.

> Don is used in Italy, though not so much as in Spain. France talks of Dom Calmet, England of Dan Lydgate.

Oliphant.

2. A grand personage, or one making pretension to consequence; especially, the head of a college, or one of the fellows at the English universities. [Univ. Cant] "The great dons of wit." Dryden.

Don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Donned (dnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Donning.] [Do + on; -- opposed to doff. See Do, v. t., 7.] To put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with.

> Should I don this robe and trouble you.

Shak.

> At night, or in the rain,
> He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.

Emerson.

||Do"ña (?), n. [Sp. doña. See Duenna.] Lady; mistress; madam; - - a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.

Do"na*ble (?), a. [L. donabilis, fr. donare to donate.] Capable of being donated or given. [R.]

Do"na*ry (?), n. [L. donarium, fr. donare.] A thing given to a sacred use. [R.] Burton.

Don"at (?), n. [From Donatus, a famous grammarian.] A grammar. [Obs.] [Written also donet.]

Don"a*ta*ry (?), n. See Donatory.

Do"nate (d"nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Donated; p. pr. & vb. n. Donating.] [L. donatus, p. p. of donare to donate, fr. donum gift, fr. dare to give. See 2d Date.] To give; to bestow; to present; as, to donate fifty thousand dollars to a college.

Do*na"tion (?), n. [L. donatio; cf. F. donation.] 1. The act of giving or bestowing; a grant.

> After donation there is an absolute change and alienation of the property of the thing given.

South.

2. That which is given as a present; that which is transferred to another gratuitously; a gift.

> And some donation freely to estate
> On the bless'd lovers.

Shak.

3. (Law) The act or contract by which a person voluntarily transfers the title to a thing of which be is the owner, from himself to another, without any consideration, as a free gift. Bouvier.

Donation party, a party assembled at the house of some one, as of a clergyman, each one bringing some present. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn. -- Gift; present; benefaction; grant. See Gift.

Don"a*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. Donatisme.] (Eccl. Hist.) The tenets of the Donatists.

Don"a*tist (?), n. [LL. Donatista: cf. F. Donatiste.] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Donatus, the leader of a body of North African schismatics and purists, who greatly disturbed the church in the 4th century. They claimed to be the true church.

Don`a*tis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to Donatism.

Don"a*tive (?), n. [L. donativum, fr. donare: cf. F. donatif. See Donate.] 1. A gift; a largess; a gratuity; a present. "The Romans were entertained with shows and donatives." Dryden.

2. (Eccl. Law) A benefice conferred on a person by the founder or patron, without either presentation or institution by the ordinary, or induction by his orders. See the Note under Benefice, n., 3.

Don"a*tive, a. Vested or vesting by donation; as, a donative advowson. Blackstone.

||Do*na"tor (?), n. [L. Cf. Donor.] (Law) One who makes a gift; a donor; a giver.

Don"a*to*ry (?), n. (Scots Law) A donee of the crown; one the whom, upon certain condition, escheated property is made over.

Do"-naught` (?), n. [Do + naught.] A lazy, good-for-nothing fellow.

||Do"nax (?), n. [L., reed, also a sea fish, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A canelike grass of southern Europe (Arundo Donax), used for fishing rods, etc.

||Don*cel"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a maid. Cf. Damsel.] (Zoöl.) A handsome fish of Florida and the West Indies (Platyglossus radiatus). The name is applied also to the ladyfish (Harpe rufa) of the same region.

Done (?), p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive. 1. Performed; executed; finished.

2. It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically.

Done brown, a phrase in cookery; applied figuratively to one who has been thoroughly deceived, cheated, or fooled. [Colloq.] -- Done for, tired out; used up; collapsed; destroyed; dead; killed. [Colloq.] -- Done up. (a) Wrapped up. (b) Worn out; exhausted. [Colloq.]

Done, a. [Prob. corrupted from OF. doné, F. donné, p. p. of OF. doner, F. donner, to give, issue, fr. L. donare to give. See Donate, and cf. Donee.] Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act.

Do*nee" (?), n. [OF. doné, F. donné, p. p. See the preceding word.] 1. The person to whom a gift or donation is made.

2. (Law) Anciently, one to whom lands were given; in later use, one to whom lands and tenements are given in tail; in modern use, one on whom a power is conferred for execution; -- sometimes called the appointor.

Don"et (?), n. Same as Donat. Piers Plowman.

Do"ni (?), n. [Tamil t&?;n.] (Naut.) A clumsy craft, having one mast with a long sail, used for trading purposes on the coasts of Coromandel and Ceylon. [Written also dhony, doney, and done.] Balfour.

<! p. 445 !>

Do*nif"er*ous (d*nf"r*s), a. [L. donum gift + -ferous.] Bearing gifts. [R.]

Don"jon (dn"jn), n. [See Dungeon.] The chief tower, also called the keep; a massive tower in ancient castles, forming the strongest part of the fortifications. See Illust. of Castle.

Don"key (d"k), n.; pl. Donkeys (-kz). [Prob. dun, in allusion to the color of the animal + a dim. termination.] 1. An ass; or (less frequently) a mule.

2. A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass.

Donkey engine, a small auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes. -- Donkey pump, a steam pump for feeding boilers, extinguishing fire, etc.; -- usually an auxiliary. -- Donkey's eye (Bot.), the large round seed of the Mucuna pruriens, a tropical leguminous plant.

Don"na (?), n. [It. donna, L. domina. See Don, Dame.] A lady; madam; mistress; -- the title given a lady in Italy.

Don"nat (?), n. [Corrupted from do- naught.] See Do-naught. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Don"nism (?), n. [Don, n., 2.] Self-importance; loftiness of carriage. [Cant, Eng. Universities]

Do"nor (?), n. [F. donneur, OF. daneor, fr. donner. See Donee, and cf. Donator.] 1. One who gives or bestows; one who confers anything gratuitously; a benefactor.

2. (Law) One who grants an estate; in later use, one who confers a power; -- the opposite of donee. Kent.

> Touching, the parties unto deeds and charters, we are to consider as well the donors and granters as the donees or grantees.

Spelman.

Do"-noth`ing (?), a. Doing nothing; inactive; idle; lazy; as, a do-nothing policy.

{ Do"-noth`ing*ism (?), Do"-noth`ing*ness (?), } n. Inactivity; habitual sloth; idleness. [Jocular] Carlyle. Miss Austen.

Don"ship (?), n. The quality or rank of a don, gentleman, or knight. Hudibras.

Don"zel (?), n. [Cf. It. donzello, Sp. doncel, OF. danzel. See Damsel, Don, n.] A young squire, or knight's attendant; a page. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Doo (?), n. (Zoöl.) A dove. [Scot.]

Doob" grass` (?). [Hind. d&?;b.] (Bot.) A perennial, creeping grass (Cynodon dactylon), highly prized, in Hindostan, as food for cattle, and acclimated in the United States. [Written also doub grass.]

Doo"dle (?), n. [Cf. Dawdle.] A trifler; a simple fellow.

Doo"dle*sack` (?), n. [Cf. G. dudelsack.] The Scotch bagpipe. [Prov. Eng.]

Doole (?), n. Sorrow; dole. [Obs.] Spenser.

Doo"ly (?), n.; pl. Doolies (#). [Skr. d&?;la.] A kind of litter suspended from men's shoulders, for carrying persons or things; a palanquin. [Written also doolee and doolie.] [East Indies]

> Having provided doolies, or little bamboo chairs slung on four men's shoulders, in which I put my papers and boxes, we next morning commenced the ascent.

J. D. Hooker.

Doom (dm), n. [As. dm; akin to OS. dm, OHG. tuom, Dan. & Sw. dom, Icel. dmr, Goth. dms, Gr. qe`mis law; fr. the root of E. do, v. t. √65. See Do, v. t., and cf. Deem, -dom.] 1. Judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation.

> The first dooms of London provide especially the recovery of cattle belonging to the citizens.

J. R. Green.

> Now against himself he sounds this doom.

Shak.

2. That to which one is doomed or sentenced; destiny or fate, esp. unhappy destiny; penalty.

> Ere Hector meets his doom.

Pope.

> And homely household task shall be her doom.

Dryden.

3. Ruin; death.

> This is the day of doom for Bassianus.

Shak.

4. Discriminating opinion or judgment; discrimination; discernment; decision. [Obs.]

> And there he learned of things and haps to come,
> To give foreknowledge true, and certain doom.

Fairfax.

Syn. -- Sentence; condemnation; decree; fate; destiny; lot; ruin; destruction.

Doom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dooming.] 1. To judge; to estimate or determine as a judge. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To pronounce sentence or judgment on; to condemn; to consign by a decree or sentence; to sentence; as, a criminal doomed to chains or death.

> Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls.

Dryden.

3. To ordain as penalty; hence, to mulct or fine.

> Have I tongue to doom my brother's death?

Shak.

4. To assess a tax upon, by estimate or at discretion. [New England] J. Pickering.

5. To destine; to fix irrevocably the destiny or fate of; to appoint, as by decree or by fate.

> A man of genius . . . doomed to struggle with difficulties.

Macaulay.

Doom"age (?), n. A penalty or fine for neglect. [Local, New England]

Doom"ful (?), a. Full of condemnation or destructive power. [R.] "That doomful deluge." Drayton.

Doom" palm` (?). [Ar. daum, dm: cf. F. doume.] (Bot.) A species of palm tree (Hyphæne Thebaica), highly valued for the fibrous pulp of its fruit, which has the flavor of gingerbread, and is largely eaten in Egypt and Abyssinia. [Written also doum palm.]

Dooms"day` (?), n. [AS. d&?;mes dg. See Doom, and Day.] 1. A day of sentence or condemnation; day of death. "My body's doomsday." Shak.

2. The day of the final judgment.

> I could not tell till doomsday.

Chaucer.

Doomsday Book. See Domesday Book.

Dooms"man, n. [Doom + man.] A judge; an umpire. [Obs.] Hampole.

Doom"ster (?), n. Same as Dempster. [Scot.]

Door (?), n. [OE. dore, dure, AS. duru; akin to OS. dura, dor, D. deur, OHG. turi, door, tor gate, G. thür, thor, Icel. dyrr, Dan. dör, Sw. dörr, Goth. daur, Lith. durys, Russ. dvere, Olr. dorus, L. fores, Gr. &?;; cf. Skr. dur, dvra. √246. Cf. Foreign.] 1. An opening in the wall of a house or of an apartment, by which to go in and out; an entrance way.

> To the same end, men several paths may tread,
> As many doors into one temple lead.

Denham.

2. The frame or barrier of boards, or other material, usually turning on hinges, by which an entrance way into a house or apartment is closed and opened.

> At last he came unto an iron door
> That fast was locked.

Spenser.

3. Passage; means of approach or access.

> I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved.

John x. 9.

4. An entrance way, but taken in the sense of the house or apartment to which it leads.

> Martin's office is now the second door in the street.

Arbuthnot.

Blank door, Blind door, etc. (Arch.) See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- In doors, or Within doors, within the house. -- Next door to, near to; bordering on.

> A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult.

L'Estrange.

-- Out of doors, or Without doors, and, colloquially, Out doors, out of the house; in open air; abroad; away; lost.

> His imaginary title of fatherhood is out of doors.

Locke.

-- To lay (a fault, misfortune, etc.) at one's door, to charge one with a fault; to blame for. -- To lie at one's door, to be imputable or chargeable to.

> If I have failed, the fault lies wholly at my door.

Dryden.

Door is used in an adjectival construction or as the first part of a compound (with or without the hyphen), as, door frame, doorbell or door bell, door knob or doorknob, door latch or doorlatch, door jamb, door handle, door mat, door panel.

Door"case` (?), n. The surrounding frame into which a door shuts.

Door"cheek` (?), n. The jamb or sidepiece of a door. Ex. xii. 22 (Douay version).

||Door"ga (?), n. [Skr. Durg.] (Myth.) A Hindoo divinity, the consort of Siva, represented with ten arms. [Written also Durga.] Malcom.

Door"ing (?), n. The frame of a door. Milton.

Door"keep`er (?), n. One who guards the entrance of a house or apartment; a porter; a janitor.

Door"less, a. Without a door.

Door"nail` (?), n. The nail or knob on which in ancient doors the knocker struck; -- hence the old saying, "As dead as a doornail."

Door"plane` (?), n. A plane on a door, giving the name, and sometimes the employment, of the occupant.

Door"post` (?), n. The jamb or sidepiece of a doorway.

Door"sill` (?), n. The sill or threshold of a door.

Door"stead (?), n. Entrance or place of a door. [Obs. or Local] Bp. Warburton.

Door"step` (?), n. The stone or plank forming a step before an outer door.

Door"stone` (?), n. The stone forming a threshold.

Door"stop` (?), n. (Carp.) The block or strip of wood or similar material which stops, at the right place, the shutting of a door.

Door"way` (?), n. The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.

Door"yard` (?), n. A yard in front of a house or around the door of a house.

{ Dop, Doop } (?), n. A little copper cup in which a diamond is held while being cut.

Dop, v. i. [Cf. Dap, Dip.] To dip. [Obs.] Walton.

Dop, n. A dip; a low courtesy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Dop"per (?), n. [D. dooper.] [Written also doper.] An Anabaptist or Baptist. [Contemptuous] B. Jonson.

Dop"pler*ite (?), n. [Named after the physicist and mathematician Christian Doppler.] (Min.) A brownish black native hydrocarbon occurring in elastic or jellylike masses.

Doq"uet (?), n. A warrant. See Docket.

Dor (?), n. [Cf. AS. dora drone, locust, D. tor beetle, L. taurus a kind of beetle. Cf. Dormouse.] (Zoöl.) A large European scaraboid beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius), which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to allied American species, as the June bug. Called also dorr, dorbeetle, or dorrbeetle, dorbug, dorrfly, and buzzard clock.

Dor, n. [Cf. Dor a beetle, and Hum, Humbug.] A trick, joke, or deception. Beau. & Fl.

To give one the dor, to make a fool of him. [Archaic] P. Fletcher.

Dor, v. t. To make a fool of; to deceive. [Obs.] [Written also dorr.] B. Jonson.

Do*ra"do (?), n. [Sp. dorado gilt, fr. dorar to gild, fr. L. deaurare. See 1st Dory, and cf. Fl Dorado.] 1. (Astron.) A southern constellation, within which is the south pole of the ecliptic; -- called also sometimes Xiphias, or the Swordfish.

2. (Zoöl.) A large, oceanic fish of the genus Coryphæna.

Dor"bee`tle (?), n. (Zoöl.) See 1st Dor.

Do"ree (?), n. [See Dory.] (Zoöl.) A European marine fish (Zeus faber), of a yellow color. See Illust. of John Doree.

The popular name in England is John Doree, or Dory, well known to be a corruption of F. jaune- dorée, i. e., golden-yellow. See 1st Dory.

Dore"tree` (?), n. A doorpost. [Obs.] "As dead as a doretree." Piers Plowman.

Dor"hawk` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European goatsucker; -- so called because it eats the dor beetle. See Goatsucker. [Written also dorrhawk.] Booth.

Do"ri*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; as, a Dorian fashion.

2. (Mus.) Same as Doric, 3. "Dorian mood." Milton.

Dorian mode (Mus.), the first of the authentic church modes or tones, from D to D, resembling our D minor scale, but with the B natural. Grove.

Do"ri*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Doris in Greece.

Dor"ic (?), a. [L. Doricus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the Dorians.] 1. Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; as, the Doric dialect.

2. (Arch.) Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See Abacus, Capital, Order.

This order is distinguished, according to the treatment of details, as Grecian Doric, or Roman Doric.

3. (Mus.) Of or relating to one of the ancient Greek musical modes or keys. Its character was adapted both to religions occasions and to war.

Dor"ic, n. The Doric dialect.

Dor"i*cism (?), n. A Doric phrase or idiom.

||Do"ris (?), n. [L. Doris, the daughter of Oceanus, and wife of Nereus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks having a wreath of branchiæ on the back.

Do"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A Doric phrase or idiom.

Dor"king fowl` (?). [From the town of Dorking in England.] (Zoöl.) One of a breed of large-bodied domestic fowls, having five toes, or the hind toe double. There are several strains, as the white, gray, and silver- gray. They are highly esteemed for the table.

Dor"man*cy (?), n. [From Dormant.] The state of being dormant; quiescence; abeyance.

Dor"mant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of dormir to sleep, from L. dormire; cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. dr, OSlav. dr&?;mati.] 1. Sleeping; as, a dormant animal; hence, not in action or exercise; quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on; as, dormant passions; dormant claims or titles.

> It is by lying dormant a long time, or being . . . very rarely exercised, that arbitrary power steals upon a people.

Burke.

2. (Her.) In a sleeping posture; as, a lion dormant; -- distinguished from couchant.

Dormant partner (Com.), a partner who takes no share in the active business of a company or partnership, but is entitled to a share of the profits, and subject to a share in losses; -- called also sleeping or silent partner. -- Dormant window (Arch.), a dormer window. See Dormer. -- Table dormant, a stationary table. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dor"mant (?), n. [See Dormant, a.] (Arch.) A large beam in the roof of a house upon which portions of the other timbers rest or " sleep." Arch. Pub. Soc. -- Called also dormant tree, dorman tree, dormond, and dormer. Halliwell.

Dor"mer (?), or Dor"mer win"dow (&?;), n. [Literally, the window of a sleeping apartment. F. dormir to sleep. See Dormant, a. & n.] (Arch.) A window pierced in a roof, and so set as to be vertical while the roof slopes away from it. Also, the gablet, or houselike structure, in which it is contained.

Dor"mi*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dormitif, fr. dormire to sleep.] Causing sleep; as, the dormitive properties of opium. Clarke. -- n. (Med.) A medicine to promote sleep; a soporific; an opiate.

Dor"mi*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Dormitories (#). [L. dormitorium, fr. dormitorius of or for sleeping, fr. dormire to sleep. See Dormant.] 1. A sleeping room, or a building containing a series of sleeping rooms; a sleeping apartment capable of containing many beds; esp., one connected with a college or boarding school. Thackeray.

2. A burial place. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

> My sister was interred in a very honorable manner in our dormitory, joining to the parish church.

Evelyn.

Dor"mouse (?), n.; pl. Dormice (#). [Perh. fr. F. dormir to sleep (Prov. E. dorm to doze) + E. mouse; or perh. changed fr. F. dormeuse, fem., a sleeper, though not found in the sense of a dormouse.] (Zoöl.) A small European rodent of the genus Myoxus, of several species. They live in trees and feed on nuts, acorns, etc.; -- so called because they are usually torpid in winter.

Dorn (?), n. [Cf. G. dorn thorn, D. doorn, and G. dornfisch stickleback.] (Zoöl.) A British ray; the thornback.

<! p. 446 !>

{ Dor"nick (?), or Dor"nock (?) }, n. A coarse sort of damask, originally made at Tournay (in Flemish, Doornick), Belgium, and used for hangings, carpets, etc. Also, a stout figured linen manufactured in Scotland. [Formerly written also darnex, dornic, dorneck, etc.] Halliwell. Jamieson.

Ure says that dornock, a kind of stout figured linen, derives its name from a town in Scotland where it was first manufactured for tablecloths.

Dorp (?), n. [LG. & D. dorp. See Thorpe.] A hamlet. "A mean fishing dorp." Howell.

Dorr (?), n. The dorbeetle; also, a drone or an idler. See 1st Dor. Robynson (More's Utopia).

Dorr, v. t. 1. To deceive. [Obs.] See Dor, v. t.

2. To deafen with noise. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Dorr"fly` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See 1st Dor.

Dorr"hawk` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dorhawk.

Dor"sad (?), adv. [Dorsum +L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the dorsum or back; on the dorsal side; dorsally.

Dor"sal (?), a. [F. dorsal, LL. dorsalis, fr. L. dorsualis, fr. dorsum back; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, mountain ridge. Cf. Dorse, Dorsel, Dosel.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the back, or dorsum, of an animal or of one of its parts; notal; tergal; neural; as, the dorsal fin of a fish; the dorsal artery of the tongue; -- opposed to ventral.

2. (Bot.) (a) Pertaining to the surface naturally inferior, as of a leaf. (b) Pertaining to the surface naturally superior, as of a creeping hepatic moss.

Dorsal vessel (Zoöl.), a central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects, acting as a heart.

Dor"sal, n. [LL. dorsale, neut. fr. dorsalis. See Dorsal, a.] (Fine Arts) A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, or of an altar, or in any similar position.

Dor"sale (?), n. Same as Dorsal, n.

Dor"sal*ly (?), adv. (Anat.) On, or toward, the dorsum, or back; on the dorsal side of; dorsad.

Dorse (?), n. [Cf. L. dorsum the back. See Dorsel, Dosel.] 1. Same as dorsal, n. [Obs.]

2. The back of a book. [Obs.]

> Books, all richly bound, with gilt dorses.

Wood.

Dorse, n. (Zoöl.) The Baltic or variable cod (Gadus callarias), by some believed to be the young of the common codfish.

Dor"sel (?), n. [See Dosser.] 1. A pannier.

2. Same as Dorsal, n.

Dor"ser (?), n. See Dosser.

||dor`si*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. dorsum back + branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.) A division of chætopod annelids in which the branchiæ are along the back, on each side, or on the parapodia. [See Illusts. under Annelida and Chætopoda.]

Dor`si*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having branchiæ along the back; belonging to the Dorsibranchiata. -- n. One of the Dorsibranchiata.

Dor*sif"er*ous (?),. [Dorsum + -ferous; cf. F. dorsifère.] (Biol.) Bearing, or producing, on the back; -- applied to ferns which produce seeds on the back of the leaf, and to certain Batrachia, the ova of which become attached to the skin of the back of the parent, where they develop; dorsiparous.

Dor`si*mes"on (?), n. [Dorsum + meson.] (Anat.) See Meson.

Dor*sip"a*rous (?), a. [Dorsum + L. parere to bring forth.] (Biol.) Same as Dorsiferous.

Dor`si*ven"tral (?), a. [Dorsum + ventral.] 1. (Biol.) Having distinct upper and lower surfaces, as most common leaves. The leaves of the iris are not dorsiventral.

2. (Anat.) See Dorsoventral.

Dor`so*ven"tral (?), a. [dorsum + ventral.] (Anat.) From the dorsal to the ventral side of an animal; as, the dorsoventral axis.

||Dor"sum (?), n. [L.] 1. The ridge of a hill.

2. (Anat.) The back or dorsal region of an animal; the upper side of an appendage or part; as, the dorsum of the tongue.

{ Dor"tour (?), Dor"ture (?), } n. [F. dortoir, fr. L. dormitorium.] A dormitory. [Obs.] Bacon.

Do"ry (?), n.; pl. Dories (#). [Named from 1st color, fr. F. dorée gilded, fr. dorer to gild, L. deaurare. See Deaurate, and cf. Aureole.] 1. (Zoöl.) A European fish. See Doree, and John Doree.

2. (Zoöl.) The American wall-eyed perch; -- called also doré. See Pike perch.

Do"ry, n.; pl. Dories (&?;). A small, strong, flat-bottomed rowboat, with sharp prow and flaring sides.

||Do*ryph"o*ra (?), n. [NL. See Doryphoros.] (Zoöl.) A genus of plant-eating beetles, including the potato beetle. See Potato beetle.

||Do*ryph"o*ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., spear bearing; &?; a spear + fe`rein to bear.] (Fine Arts) A spear bearer; a statue of a man holding a spear or in the attitude of a spear bearer. Several important sculptures of this subject existed in antiquity, copies of which remain to us.

Dose (ds), n. [F. dose, Gr. do`sis a giving, a dose, fr. dido`nai to give; akin to L. dare to give. See Date point of time.] 1. The quantity of medicine given, or prescribed to be taken, at one time.

2. A sufficient quantity; a portion; as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive.

3. Anything nauseous that one is obliged to take; a disagreeable portion thrust upon one.

> I am for curing the world by gentle alteratives, not by violent doses.

W. Irving.

> I dare undertake that as fulsome a dose as you give him, he shall readily take it down.

South.

Dose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. dosing.] [Cf. F. doser. See Dose, n.] 1. To proportion properly (a medicine), with reference to the patient or the disease; to form into suitable doses.

2. To give doses to; to medicine or physic to; to give potions to, constantly and without need.

> A self-opinioned physician, worse than his distemper, who shall dose, and bleed, and kill him, "secundum artem."

South

3. To give anything nauseous to.

Dos"el (?), n. [OF. dossel; cf. LL. dorsale. See Dorsal, and cf. Dorse, Dorsel.] Same as Dorsal, n. [R.]

Do*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Dose +- logy.] Posology. [R.] Ogilvie.

Dos"sel (?), n. [See Dosel, n.] Same as Dorsal, n.

Dos"ser (?), n. [LL. dosserum, or F. dossier bundle of papers, part of a basket resting on the back, fr. L. dorsum back. See Dorsal, and cf. Dosel.] [Written also dorser and dorsel.] 1. A pannier, or basket.

> To hire a ripper's mare, and buy new dossers.

Beau. & Fl.

2. A hanging tapestry; a dorsal.

Dos"sil (?), n. [OE. dosil faucet of a barrel, OF. dosil, duisil, spigot, LL. diciculus, ducillus, fr. L. ducere to lead, draw. See Duct, Duke.] 1. (Surg.) A small ovoid or cylindrical roil or pledget of lint, for keeping a sore, wound, etc., open; a tent.

2. (Printing) A roll of cloth for wiping off the face of a copperplate, leaving the ink in the engraved lines.

Dost (?), 2d pers. sing. pres. of Do.

Dot (?), n. [F., fr. L. dos, dotis, dowry. See Dower, and cf. Dote dowry.] (Law) A marriage portion; dowry. [Louisiana]

Dot, n. [Cf. AS. dott small spot, speck; of uncertain origin.] 1. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument; a speck, or small mark.

2. Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen; as, a dot of a child.

Dot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dotting.] 1. To mark with dots or small spots; as, to dot a line.

2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects; as, a landscape dotted with cottages.

Dot, v. i. To make dots or specks.

Do"tage (?), n. [From Dote, v. i.] 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; the childishness of old age; senility; as, a venerable man, now in his dotage.

> Capable of distinguishing between the infancy and the dotage of Greek literature.

Macaulay.

2. Foolish utterance; drivel.

> The sapless dotages of old Paris and Salamanca.

Milton.

3. Excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.

> The dotage of the nation on presbytery.

Bp. Burnet.

Do"tal (?), a. [L. dotalis, fr. dos, dotis, dowry: cf. F. dotal. See Dot dowry.] Pertaining to dower, or a woman's marriage portion; constituting dower, or comprised in it. Garth.

Do"tant (?), n. A dotard. [Obs.] Shak.

Do"tard (?), n. [Dote, v. i.] One whose mind is impaired by age; one in second childhood.

> The sickly dotard wants a wife.

Prior.

Do"tard*ly, a. Foolish; weak. Dr. H. More.

Do"ta*ry (?), n. A dotard's weakness; dotage. [Obs.] Drayton.

Do*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. dotatio, fr. L. dotare to endow, fr. dos, dotis, dower: cf. F. dotation. See Dot dowry.] 1. The act of endowing, or bestowing a marriage portion on a woman.

2. Endowment; establishment of funds for support, as of a hospital or eleemosynary corporation. Blackstone.

Dote (?), n. [See Dot dowry.] 1. A marriage portion. [Obs.] See 1st Dot, n. Wyatt.

2. pl. Natural endowments. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Dote, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Doted; p. pr. & vb. n. Doting.] [OE. doten; akin to OD. doten, D. dutten, to doze, Icel. dotta to nod from sleep, MHG. t&?;zen to keep still: cf. F. doter, OF. radoter (to dote, rave, talk idly or senselessly), which are from the same source.] [Written also doat.] 1. To act foolishly. [Obs.]

> He wol make him doten anon right.

Chaucer.

2. To be weak-minded, silly, or idiotic; to have the intellect impaired, especially by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to drivel.

> Time has made you dote, and vainly tell
> Of arms imagined in your lonely cell.

Dryden.

> He survived the use of his reason, grew infatuated, and doted long before he died.

South.

3. To be excessively or foolishly fond; to love to excess; to be weakly affectionate; -- with on or upon; as, the mother dotes on her child.

> Sing, siren, for thyself, and I will dote.

Shak.

> What dust we dote on, when 't is man we love.

Pope.

Dote, n. An imbecile; a dotard. Halliwell.

Dot"ed (?), a. 1. Stupid; foolish. [Obs.]

> Senseless speech and doted ignorance.

Spenser.

2. Half-rotten; as, doted wood. [Local, U. S.]

Dote"head` (?), n. A dotard. [R.] Tyndale.

Dot"er (?), n. 1. One who dotes; a man whose understanding is enfeebled by age; a dotard. Burton.

2. One excessively fond, or weak in love. Shak.

Dot"er*y (?), n. The acts or speech of a dotard; drivel. [R.]

Doth (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Do.

Dot"ing (?), a. That dotes; silly; excessively fond. -- Dot"ing*ly, adv. -- Dot"ing*ness, n.

Dot"ish, a. Foolish; weak; imbecile. Sir W. Scott.

Dot"tard (?), n. [For Dotard ?] An old, decayed tree. [R.] Bacon.

Dot"ted (?), a. Marked with, or made of, dots or small spots; diversified with small, detached objects.

Dotted note (Mus.), a note followed by a dot to indicate an increase of length equal to one half of its simple value; thus, a dotted semibreve is equal to three minims, and a dotted quarter to three eighth notes. -- Dotted rest, a rest lengthened by a dot in the same manner as a dotted note.

Notes and rests are sometimes followed by two dots, to indicate an increase of length equal to three quarters of their simple value, and they are then said to be double-dotted.

Dot"ter*el (?), a. [Cf. Dottard.] Decayed. "Some old dotterel trees." [Obs.] Ascham.

Dot"ter*el, n. [From Dote, v. i.] 1. (Zoöl.) A European bird of the Plover family (Eudromias, or Charadrius, morinellus). It is tame and easily taken, and is popularly believed to imitate the movements of the fowler.

> In catching of dotterels we see how the foolish bird playeth the ape in gestures.

Bacon.

The ringed dotterel (or ring plover) is Charadrius hiaticula.

2. A silly fellow; a dupe; a gull. Barrow.

Dot"ting pen` (?). See under Pun.

Dot"trel (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dotterel.

Do"ty (?), a. [See Dottard.] Half-rotten; as, doty timber. [Local, U. S.]

||Dou`ane" (?), n. [F.] A customhouse.

||Dou`a"nier" (?), n. [F.] An officer of the French customs. [Anglicized form douaneer.]

Dou"ar (?), n. [F., fr. Ar. d&?;r.] A village composed of Arab tents arranged in streets.

Dou"ay Bi"ble (?). [From Douay, or Douai, a town in France.] A translation of the Scriptures into the English language for the use of English-speaking Roman Catholics; -- done from the Latin Vulgate by English scholars resident in France. The New Testament portion was published at Rheims, A. D. 1582, the Old Testament at Douai, A. D. 1609-10. Various revised editions have since been published. [Written also Doway Bible. Called also the Rheims and Douay version.]

Doub" grass` (db" grs).(Bot.) Doob grass.

Dou"ble (db"'l), a. [OE. doble, duble, double, OF. doble, duble, double, F. double, fr. L. duplus, fr. the root of duo two, and perh. that of plenus full; akin to Gr. diplo`os double. See Two, and Full, and cf. Diploma, Duple.] 1. Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made twice as large or as much, etc.

> Let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.

2 Kings ii. 9.

> Darkness and tempest make a double night.

Dryden.

2. Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set together; coupled.

> [Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake,
> Float double, swan and shadow.

Wordsworth.

3. Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere.

> With a double heart do they speak.

Ps. xii. 2.

4. (Bot.) Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants have their blossoms naturally double.

Double is often used as the first part of a compound word, generally denoting two ways, or twice the number, quantity, force, etc., twofold, or having two.

Double base, or Double bass (Mus.), the largest and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the contrabasso or violone. -- Double convex. See under Convex. -- Double counterpoint (Mus.), that species of counterpoint or composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by setting one of them an octave higher or lower. -- Double court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for four players, two on each side. -- Double dagger (Print.), a reference mark (‡) next to the dagger (†) in order; a diesis. -- Double drum (Mus.), a large drum that is beaten at both ends. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States having the value of 20 dollars. - - Double entry. See under Bookkeeping. -- Double floor (Arch.), a floor in which binding joists support flooring joists above and ceiling joists below. See Illust. of Double-framed floor. -- Double flower. See Double, a., 4. -- Double-framed floor (Arch.), a double floor having girders into which the binding joists are framed. - - Double fugue (Mus.), a fugue on two subjects. -- Double letter. (a) (Print.) Two letters on one shank; a ligature. (b) A mail requiring double postage. -- Double note (Mus.), a note of double the length of the semibreve; a breve. See Breve. -- Double octave (Mus.), an interval composed of two octaves, or fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth. -- Double pica. See under Pica. -- Double play (Baseball), a play by which two players are put out at the same time. -- Double plea (Law), a plea alleging several matters in answer to the declaration, where either of such matters alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. Stephen. -- Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called double points, since they possess most of the properties of double points (see Conjugate). They are also called acnodes, and those points where the branches of the curve really cross are called crunodes. The extremity of a cusp is also a double point. -- Double quarrel. (Eccl. Law) See Duplex querela, under Duplex. -- Double refraction. (Opt.) See Refraction. -- Double salt. (Chem.) (a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the double carbonate of sodium and potassium, NaKCO3.6H2O. (b) A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium. -- Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance. -- Double standard (Polit. Econ.), a double standard of monetary values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are made legal tender. -- Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only optically near to each other, or may be physically connected so that they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter case are called also binary stars. -- Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick. -- Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an air space between them.

<! p. 447 !>

Dou"ble (?), adv. Twice; doubly.

> I was double their age.

Swift.

Dou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doubled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Doubling (?).] [OE. doblen, dublen, doublen, F. doubler, fr. L. duplare, fr. duplus. See Double, a.] 1. To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; as, to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length.

> Double six thousand, and then treble that.

Shak.

2. To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth. Prior.

> Then the old man
> Was wroth, and doubled up his hands.

Tennyson.

3. To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.

> Thus reënforced, against the adverse fleet,
> Still doubling ours, brave Rupert leads the way.

Dryden.

4. To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion.

> Sailing along the coast, the doubled the promontory of Carthage.

Knolles.

5. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.

Dou"ble, v. i. 1. To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much.

> 'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men doubles.

T. Burnet.

2. To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction.

> Doubling and turning like a hunted hare.

Dryden.

> Doubling and doubling with laborious walk.

Wordsworth.

3. To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false.

> What penalty and danger you accrue,
> If you be found to double.

J. Webster.

4. (Print.) To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet.

To double upon (Mil.), to inclose between two fires.

Dou"ble, n. 1. Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like.

> If the thief be found, let him pay double.

Ex. xxii. 7.

2. Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.

3. That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold.

> Rolled up in sevenfold double
> Of plagues.

Marston.

4. A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice.

> These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by any false steps or doubles.

Addison.

5. Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith.

> My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, a double, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him.

Atlantic Monthly.

6. A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute.

7. Double beer; strong beer.

8. (Eccl.) A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts. Shipley.

9. (Lawn Tennis) A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles.

10. (Mus.) An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.

Dou"ble-act`ing (?), a. Acting or operating in two directions or with both motions; producing a twofold result; as, a double-acting engine or pump.

Dou"ble-bank" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To row by rowers sitting side by side in twos on a bank or thwart.

To double-bank an oar, to set two men to pulling one oar.

Dou"ble-banked` (?), a. Applied to a kind of rowing in which the rowers sit side by side in twos, a pair of oars being worked from each bank or thwart.

{ Dou"ble-bar`reled (?), or -bar`relled }, a. Having two barrels; -- applied to a gun.

Dou"ble-beat` valve" (?). See under Valve.

Dou"ble-breast`ed (?), a. Folding or lapping over on the breast, with a row of buttons and buttonholes on each side; as, a double-breasted coat.

Dou"ble-charge` (?), v. t. 1. To load with a double charge, as of gunpowder.

2. To overcharge. Shak.

Dou"ble deal"er (?). One who practices double dealing; a deceitful, trickish person. L'Estrange.

Dou"ble deal"ing (?). False or deceitful dealing. See Double dealing, under Dealing. Shak.

Dou"ble-deck"er (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A man-of-war having two gun decks.

2. A public conveyance, as a street car, with seats on the roof. [Colloq.]

Dou"ble-dye` (?), v. t. To dye again or twice over.

> To double-dye their robes in scarlet.

J. Webster.

Dou"ble-dyed` (?), a. Dyed twice; thoroughly or intensely colored; hence; firmly fixed in opinions or habits; as, a double-dyed villain.

Dou"ble-end"er (?), n. (a) (Naut.) A vessel capable of moving in either direction, having bow and rudder at each end. (b) (Railroad) A locomotive with pilot at each end. Knight.

||Dou"ble-en*ten"dre (?), n. [F. double double + entendre to mean. This is a barbarous compound of French words. The true French equivalent is double entente.] A word or expression admitting of a double interpretation, one of which is often obscure or indelicate.

Dou"ble-eyed` (?), a. Having a deceitful look. [R.] "Deceitful meanings is double- eyed." Spenser.

Dou"ble-faced` (?), a. 1. Having two faces designed for use; as, a double-faced hammer.

2. Deceitful; hypocritical; treacherous. Milton.

Dou"ble first` (?). (Eng. Universities) (a) A degree of the first class both in classics and mathematics. (b) One who gains at examinations the highest honor both in the classics and the mathematics. Beaconsfield.

Dou"ble-hand"ed (?), a. 1. Having two hands.

2. Deceitful; deceptive. Glanvill.

Dou"ble-head"ed (?), a. Having two heads; bicipital.

Double-headed rail (Railroad), a rail whose flanges are duplicates, so that when one is worn the other may be turned uppermost.

Dou"ble*heart"ed (?), a. Having a false heart; deceitful; treacherous. Sandys.

Dou"ble-hung` (?), a. Having both sashes hung with weights and cords; -- said of a window.

Dou"ble-lock` (?), v. t. To lock with two bolts; to fasten with double security. Tatler.

Dou"ble-milled` (?), a. Twice milled or fulled, to render more compact or fine; -- said of cloth; as, double-milled kerseymere.

Dou"ble*mind"ed (?), a. Having different minds at different times; unsettled; undetermined.

> A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways.

Jas. i. 8.

Dou"ble*ness (?), n. 1. The state of being double or doubled.

2. Duplicity; insincerity. Chaucer.

Dou"ble-quick` (?), a. (Mil.) Of, or performed in, the fastest time or step in marching, next to the run; as, a double-quick step or march.

Dou"ble-quick`, n. Double-quick time, step, or march.

Double-quick time requires 165 steps, each 33 inches in length, to be taken in one minute. The number of steps may be increased up to 180 per minute.

Dou"ble-quick`, v. i. & t. (Mil.) To move, or cause to move, in double-quick time.

Dou"bler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, doubles.

2. (Elec.) An instrument for augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to render it manifest by sparks or the electroscope.

Dou"ble-rip"per (?), n. A kind of coasting sled, made of two sleds fastened together with a board, one before the other. [Local, U. S.]

Dou"ble-shade` (?), v. t. To double the natural darkness of (a place). Milton.

Doub"let (?), n. [In sense 3, OF. doublet; in sense 4, F. doublet, dim. of double double. See Double, a.] 1. Two of the same kind; a pair; a couple.

2. (Print.) A word or words unintentionally doubled or set up a second time.

3. A close-fitting garment for men, covering the body from the neck to the waist or a little below. It was worn in Western Europe from the 15th to the 17th century.

4. (Lapidary Work) A counterfeit gem, composed of two pieces of crystal, with a color them, and thus giving the appearance of a naturally colored gem. Also, a piece of paste or glass covered by a veneer of real stone.

5. (Opt.) An arrangement of two lenses for a microscope, designed to correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion, thus rendering the image of an object more clear and distinct. W. H. Wollaston.

6. pl. (See No. 1.) Two dice, each of which, when thrown, has the same number of spots on the face lying uppermost; as, to throw doublets.

7. pl. [Cf. Pr. doblier, dobler draughtboard.] A game somewhat like backgammon. Halliwell.

8. One of two or more words in the same language derived by different courses from the same original from; as, crypt and grot are doublets; also, guard and ward; yard and garden; abridge and abbreviate, etc.

Dou"ble*thread`ed (?), a. 1. Consisting of two threads twisted together; using two threads.

2. (Mech.) Having two screw threads instead of one; -- said of a screw in which the pitch is equal to twice the distance between the centers of adjacent threads.

Dou"ble-tongue` (?), n. Deceit; duplicity.

> Now cometh the sin of double-tongue, such as speak fair before folk and wickedly behind.

Chaucer.

Dou"ble-tongued` (?), a. Making contrary declarations on the same subject; deceitful.

> Likewise must the deacons be grave, not double- tongued.

1 Tim. iii. 8.

Dou"ble-tongu`ing (?), n. (Mus.) A peculiar action of the tongue by flute players in articulating staccato notes; also, the rapid repetition of notes in cornet playing.

Dou"ble*tree` (?), n. The bar, or crosspiece, of a carriage, to which the singletrees are attached.

Doub"lets (?), n. pl. See Doublet, 6 and 7.

Dou"bling (?), n. 1. The act of one that doubles; a making double; reduplication; also, that which is doubled.

2. A turning and winding; as, the doubling of a hunted hare; shift; trick; artifice. Dryden.

3. (Her.) The lining of the mantle borne about the shield or escutcheon.

4. The process of redistilling spirits, to improve the strength and flavor.

Doubling a cape, promontory, etc. (Naut.), sailing around or passing beyond a cape, promontory, etc.

Doub*loon" (?), n. [F. doublon, Sp. doblon. See Double, a., and cf. Dupion.] A Spanish gold coin, no longer issued, varying in value at different times from over fifteen dollars to about five. See Doblon in Sup.

Dou"bly (?), adv. 1. In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; as, doubly wise or good; to be doubly sensible of an obligation. Dryden.

2. Deceitfully. "A man that deals doubly." Huloet.

Doubt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dou&?;ted; p. pr. & vb. n. Doubting.] [OE. duten, douten, OF. duter, doter, douter, F. douter, fr. L. dubitare; akin to dubius doubtful. See Dubious.] 1. To waver in opinion or judgment; to be in uncertainty as to belief respecting anything; to hesitate in belief; to be undecided as to the truth of the negative or the affirmative proposition; to b e undetermined.

> Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully doubt, and suspend our judgment.

Hooker.

> To try your love and make you doubt of mine.

Dryden.

2. To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive. [Obs.]

Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; fluctuate; hesitate; demur; scruple; question.

Doubt, v. t. 1. To question or hold questionable; to withhold assent to; to hesitate to believe, or to be inclined not to believe; to withhold confidence from; to distrust; as, I have heard the story, but I doubt the truth of it.

> To admire superior sense, and doubt their own!

Pope.

> I doubt not that however changed, you keep
> So much of what is graceful.

Tennyson.

To doubt not but.

> I do not doubt but I have been to blame.

Dryden.

> We doubt not now
> But every rub is smoothed on our way.

Shak.

That is, we have no doubt to prevent us from believing, etc. (or notwithstanding all that may be said to the contrary) -- but having a preventive sense, after verbs of "doubting" and "denying" that convey a notion of hindrance. E. A. Abbott.

2. To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive of. [Obs.]

> Edmond [was a] good man and doubted God.

R. of Gloucester.

> I doubt some foul play.

Shak.

> That I of doubted danger had no fear.

Spenser.

3. To fill with fear; to affright. [Obs.]

> The virtues of the valiant Caratach
> More doubt me than all Britain.

Beau. & Fl.

Doubt, n. [OE. dute, doute, F. doute, fr. douter to doubt. See Doubt, v. i.] 1. A fluctuation of mind arising from defect of knowledge or evidence; uncertainty of judgment or mind; unsettled state of opinion concerning the reality of an event, or the truth of an assertion, etc.; hesitation.

> Doubt is the beginning and the end of our efforts to know.

Sir W. Hamilton.

> Doubt, in order to be operative in requiring an acquittal, is not the want of perfect certainty (which can never exist in any question of fact) but a defect of proof preventing a reasonable assurance of quilt.

Wharton.

2. Uncertainty of condition.

> Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee.

Deut. xxviii. 66.

3. Suspicion; fear; apprehension; dread. [Obs.]

> I stand in doubt of you.

Gal. iv. 20.

> Nor slack her threatful hand for danger's doubt.

Spenser.

4. Difficulty expressed or urged for solution; point unsettled; objection.

> To every doubt your answer is the same.

Blackmore.

No doubt, undoubtedly; without doubt. - - Out of doubt, beyond doubt. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. -- Uncertainty; hesitation; suspense; indecision; irresolution; distrust; suspicion; scruple; perplexity; ambiguity; skepticism.

Doubt"a*ble (?), a. [OF. doutable, L. dubitabilis, from dubitare. Cf. Dubitable.] 1. Capable of being doubted; questionable.

2. Worthy of being feared; redoubtable. [Obs.]

Doubt"ance (?), n. [OF. doutance. Cf. Dubitancy.] State of being in doubt; uncertainty; doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Doubt"er (?), n. One who doubts; one whose opinion is unsettled; one who scruples.

Doubt"ful (?), a. 1. Not settled in opinion; undetermined; wavering; hesitating in belief; also used, metaphorically, of the body when its action is affected by such a state of mind; as, we are doubtful of a fact, or of the propriety of a measure.

> Methinks I should know you, and know this man;
> Yet I am doubtful.

Shak.

> With doubtful feet and wavering resolution.

Milton.

<! p. 448 !>

2. Admitting of doubt; not obvious, clear, or certain; questionable; not decided; not easy to be defined, classed, or named; as, a doubtful case, hue, claim, title, species, and the like.

> Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good.

Shak.

> Is it a great cruelty to expel from our abode the enemy of our peace, or even the doubtful friend [i. e., one as to whose sincerity there may be doubts]?

Bancroft.

3. Characterized by ambiguity; dubious; as, a doubtful expression; a doubtful phrase.

4. Of uncertain issue or event.

> We . . . have sustained one day in doubtful fight.

Milton.

> The strife between the two principles had been long, fierce, and doubtful.

Macaulay.

5. Fearful; apprehensive; suspicious. [Obs.]

> I am doubtful that you have been conjunct
> And bosomed with her.

Shak.

Syn. -- Wavering; vacillating; hesitating; undetermined; distrustful; dubious; uncertain; equivocal; ambiguous; problematical; questionable.

Doubt"ful*ly (?), adv. In a doubtful manner.

> Nor did the goddess doubtfully declare.

Dryden.

Doubt"ful*ness, n. 1. State of being doubtful.

2. Uncertainty of meaning; ambiguity; indefiniteness. " The doubtfulness of his expressions." Locke.

3. Uncertainty of event or issue. Bacon.

Doubt"ing, a. That is uncertain; that distrusts or hesitates; having doubts. -- Doubt"ing*ly, adv.

Doubt"less, a. Free from fear or suspicion. [Obs.]

> Pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure.

Shak.

Doubt"less, adv. Undoubtedly; without doubt.

Doubt"less*ly, adv. Unquestionably. Beau. & Fl.

Doubt"ous (?), a. [OF. dotos, douteus, F. douteux.] Doubtful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Douc (?), n. (Zoöl.) A monkey (Semnopithecus nemæus), remarkable for its varied and brilliant colors. It is a native of Cochin China.

Douce (?), a. [F. doux, masc., douce, fem., sweet, fr. L. duleis sweet.] 1. Sweet; pleasant. [Obs.]

2. Sober; prudent; sedate; modest. [Scot.]

> And this is a douce, honest man.

Sir W. Scott.

Douce"pere` (?), n. [F. les douze pairs the twelve peers of France, renowned in romantic fiction.] One of the twelve peers of France, companions of Charlemagne in war. [Written also douzepere.] [Obs.]

> Big-looking like a doughty doucepere.

Spenser.

{ Dou"cet (?), Dow"set (?) }, n. [F. doucet sweet, dim. of doux. See Douce.] 1. A custard. [Obs.]

2. A dowcet, or deep's testicle.

||Dou`ceur" (?), n. [F., fr. doux sweet. See Douce.] 1. Gentleness and sweetness of manner; agreeableness. Chesterfield.

2. A gift for service done or to be done; an honorarium; a present; sometimes, a bribe. Burke.

Douche (?), n. [F., fr. It. doccia, fr. docciare to flow, pour, fr. an assumed LL. ductiare, fr. L. ducere, ductum, to lead, conduct (water). See Duct.] 1. A jet or current of water or vapor directed upon some part of the body to benefit it medicinally; a douche bath.

2. (Med.) A syringe.

Dou"cine (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) Same as Cyma&?;recta, under Cyma.

Douck"er (?), n. [From aouck, for duck. See Duck, v. t.] (Zoöl.) A grebe or diver; -- applied also to the golden-eye, pochard, scoter, and other ducks. [Written also ducker.] [Prov. Eng.]

Dough (?), n. [OE. dagh, dogh, dow, AS. dh; akin to D. deeg, G. teig, Icel. deig, Sw. deg, Dan. deig, Goth. daigs; also, to Goth. deigan to knead, L. fingere to form, shape, Skr. dih to smear; cf. Gr. &?; wall, &?; to touch, handle. &?;. Cf. Feign, Figure, Dairy, Duff.] 1. Paste of bread; a soft mass of moistened flour or meal, kneaded or unkneaded, but not yet baked; as, to knead dough.

2. Anything of the consistency of such paste.

To have one's cake dough. See under Cake.

Dough"-baked` (?), a. Imperfectly baked; hence, not brought to perfection; unfinished; also, of weak or dull understanding. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

Dough"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis). See Curlew.

Dough"face` (?), n. A contemptuous nickname for a timid, yielding politician, or one who is easily molded. [Political cant, U. S.]

Dough"-faced` (?), a. Easily molded; pliable.

Dough"face`ism (?), n. The character of a doughface; truckling pliability.

Dough"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being doughy.

Dough"-knead`ed (?), a. Like dough; soft.

> He demeans himself . . . like a dough-kneaded thing.

Milton.

Dough"nut (?), n. A small cake (usually sweetened) fried in a kettle of boiling lard.

Dough"ti*ly (?), adv. In a doughty manner.

Dough"ti*ness, n. The quality of being doughty; valor; bravery.

Dough"tren (?), n. pl. [See Daughter.] Daughters. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dough"ty (dou"t), a. [Compar. Doughtier (-t*r); superl. Doughtiest.] [OE. duhti, dohti, douhti, brave, valiant, fit, useful, AS, dyhtig; akin to G. tüchtig, Dan. dygtig, Sw. dygdig virtuous, and fr. AS. dugan to avail, be of use, be strong, akin to D. deugen, OHG. tugan, G. taugen, Icel. & Sw. duga, Dan. due, Goth. dugan, but of uncertain origin; cf. Skr. duh to milk, give milk, draw out, or Gr. ty`chh fortune. √68.] Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.

> Sir Thopas wex [grew] a doughty swain.

Chaucer.

> Doughty families, hugging old musty quarrels to their hearts, buffet each other from generation to generation.

Motley.

Now seldom used, except in irony or burlesque.

Dough"y (d"), a. Like dough; soft and heavy; pasty; crude; flabby and pale; as, a doughy complexion.

Dou*loc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. doy^los slave + kratei^n to rule.] A government by slaves. [Written also dulocracy.] Hare.

Doum" palm` (dm" päm`). See Doom palm.

Doupe (?), n. (Zoöl.) The carrion crow. [Written also dob.] [Prov. Eng.]

Dour (?), a. [Cf. F. dur, L. durus.] Hard; inflexible; obstinate; sour in aspect; hardy; bold. [Scot.]

> A dour wife, a sour old carlin.

C. Reade.

Dou"ra (?), n. A kind of millet. See Durra.

||Dou`rou*cou"li (?), n. See Durukuli.

Douse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dousing.] [Cf. Dowse, and OD. donsen to strike with the fist on the back, Sw. dunsa to fall down violently and noisily; perh. akin to E. din.] 1. To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse; to dowse. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. (Naut.) To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly; as, douse the topsail.

Douse, v. i. To fall suddenly into water. Hudibras.

Douse, v. t. [AS. dwæscan. (Skeat.)] To put out; to extinguish. [Slang] " To douse the glim." Sir W. Scott.

Dous"ing-chock` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) One of several pieces fayed across the apron and lapped in the knightheads, or inside planking above the upper deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Dout (?), v. t. [Do + out. Cf. Doff.] To put out. [Obs.] "It douts the light." Sylvester.

Dout"er (?), n. An extinguisher for candles. [Obs.]

Dove (?), n. [OE. dove, duve, douve, AS. d&?;fe; akin to OS. d&?;ba, D. duif, OHG. t&?;ba, G. taube, Icel. d&?;fa, Sw. dufva, Dan. due, Goth. d&?;b&?;; perh. from the root of E. dive.] 1. (Zoöl.) A pigeon of the genus Columba and various related genera. The species are numerous.

The domestic dove, including the varieties called fantails, tumblers, carrier pigeons, etc., was derived from the rock pigeon (Columba livia) of Europe and Asia; the turtledove of Europe, celebrated for its sweet, plaintive note, is C. turtur or Turtur vulgaris; the ringdove, the largest of European species, is C. palumbus; the Carolina dove, or Mourning dove, is Zenaidura macroura; the sea dove is the little auk (Mergulus alle or Alle alle). See Turtledove, Ground dove, and Rock pigeon. The dove is a symbol of innocence, gentleness, and affection; also, in art and in the Scriptures, the typical symbol of the Holy Ghost.

2. A word of endearment for one regarded as pure and gentle.

> O my dove, . . . let me hear thy voice.

Cant. ii. 14.

Dove tick (Zoöl.), a mite (Argas reflexus) which infests doves and other birds. -- Soiled dove, a prostitute. [Slang]

{ Dove"cot` (?), Dove"cote` (?), } n. A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.

> Like an eagle in a dovecote, I
> Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.

Shak.

Dove"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes like a dove; meekeyed; as, dove-eyed Peace.

Dove"kie (?), n. (Zoöl.) A guillemot (Uria grylle), of the arctic regions. Also applied to the little auk or sea dove. See under Dove.

Dove"let (?), n. A young or small dove. Booth.

Dove"like` (?), a. Mild as a dove; gentle; pure and lovable. Longfellow.

Dove" plant` (?). (Bot.) A Central American orchid (Peristeria elata), having a flower stem five or six feet high, with numerous globose white fragrant flowers. The column in the center of the flower resembles a dove; -- called also Holy Spirit plant.

Do"ver's Pow"der (?). [From Dr. Dover, an English physician.] (Med.) A powder of ipecac and opium, compounded, in the United States, with sugar of milk, but in England (as formerly in the United States) with sulphate of potash, and in France (as in Dr. Dover's original prescription) with nitrate and sulphate of potash and licorice. It is an anodyne diaphoretic.

Dove's"-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A small annual species of Geranium, native in England; -- so called from the shape of the leaf. (b) The columbine. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dove"ship (?), n. The possession of dovelike qualities, harmlessness and innocence. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Dove"tail` (?), n. (Carp.) A flaring tenon, or tongue (shaped like a bird's tail spread), and a mortise, or socket, into which it fits tightly, making an interlocking joint between two pieces which resists pulling a part in all directions except one.

Dovetail molding (Arch.), a molding of any convex section arranged in a sort of zigzag, like a series of dovetails. -- Dovetail saw (Carp.), a saw used in dovetailing.

Dove"tail`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dovetailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dovetailing.] 1. (Carp.) (a) To cut to a dovetail. (b) To join by means of dovetails.

2. To fit in or connect strongly, skillfully, or nicely; to fit ingeniously or complexly.

> He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically dovetailed . . . that it was indeed a very curious show.

Burke.

Dov"ish (?), a. Like a dove; harmless; innocent. "Joined with dovish simplicity." Latimer.

Dow (?), n. A kind of vessel. See Dhow.

Dow, v. t. [F. douer. See Dower.] To furnish with a dower; to endow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Dow"a*ble (?), a. [From Dow, v. t.] Capable of being endowed; entitled to dower. Blackstone.

Dow"a*ger (?), n. [OF. douagiere, fr. douage dower. See Dower.] 1. (Eng. Law) A widow endowed, or having a jointure; a widow who either enjoys a dower from her deceased husband, or has property of her own brought by her to her husband on marriage, and settled on her after his decease. Blount. Burrill.

2. A title given in England to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name; -- chiefly applied to widows of personages of rank.

> With prudes for proctors, dowagers for deans.

Tennyson.

Queen dowager, the widow of a king.

Dow"a*ger*ism (?), n. The rank or condition of a dowager; formality, as that of a dowager. Also used figuratively.

> Mansions that have passed away into dowagerism.

Thackeray.

Dow"cet (?), n. [See Doucet.] One of the testicles of a hart or stag. [Spelt also doucet.] B. Jonson.

Dow"dy (?), a. [Compar. Dowdier (?); superl. Dowdiest.] [Scot. dawdie slovenly, daw, da sluggard, drab, Prov. E. dowd flat, dead.] Showing a vulgar taste in dress; awkward and slovenly in dress; vulgar-looking. -- Dow"di*ly (#), adv. -- Dow"di*ness, n.

Dow"dy, n.; pl. Dowdies (&?;). An awkward, vulgarly dressed, inelegant woman. Shak. Dryden.

Dow"dy*ish, a. Like a dowdy.

Dow"el (?), n. [Cf. G. döbel peg, F. douelle state of a cask, surface of an arch, douille socket, little pipe, cartridge.] (Mech.) 1. A pin, or block, of wood or metal, fitting into holes in the abutting portions of two pieces, and being partly in one piece and partly in the other, to keep them in their proper relative position.

2. A piece of wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be nailed to it.

Dowel joint, a joint secured by a dowel or dowels. -- Dowel pin, a dowel. See Dowel, n., 1.

Dow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doweled (?) or Dowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Doweling or Dowelling.] To fasten together by dowels; to furnish with dowels; as, a cooper dowels pieces for the head of a cask.

Dow"er (?), n. [F. douaire, LL. dotarium, from L. dotare to endow, portion, fr. dos dower; akin to Gr. &?; gift, and to L. dare to give. See 1st Date, and cf. Dot dowry, Dotation.] 1. That with which one is gifted or endowed; endowment; gift.

> How great, how plentiful, how rich a dower!

Sir J. Davies.

> Man in his primeval dower arrayed.

Wordsworth.

2. The property with which a woman is endowed; especially: (a) That which a woman brings to a husband in marriage; dowry. [Obs.]

> His wife brought in dower Cilicia's crown.

Dryden.

(b) (Law) That portion of the real estate of a man which his widow enjoys during her life, or to which a woman is entitled after the death of her husband. Blackstone.

Dower, in modern use, is and should be distinguished from dowry. The former is a provision for a widow on her husband's death; the latter is a bride's portion on her marriage. Abbott.

Assignment of dower. See under Assignment.

Dow"ered (?), p. a. Furnished with, or as with, dower or a marriage portion. Shak.

Dow"er*less, a. Destitute of dower; having no marriage portion. Shak.

Dow"er*y (?), n. See Dower.

Dow"itch*er (?), n. (Zoöl.) The red-breasted or gray snipe (Macrorhamphus griseus); - - called also brownback, and grayback.

Dowl (doul), n. Same as Dowle.

Dow"las (?), n. [Prob. fr. Doullens, a town of Picardy, in France, formerly celebrated for this manufacture.] A coarse linen cloth made in the north of England and in Scotland, now nearly replaced by calico. Shak.

Dowle (doul), n. [Cf. OF. douille soft. Cf. Ductile.] Feathery or wool-like down; filament of a feather. Shak.

> No feather, or dowle of a feather.

De Quincey.

Down (doun), n. [Akin to LG. dune, dun, Icel. dnn, Sw. dun, Dan. duun, G. daune, cf. D. dons; perh. akin to E. dust.] 1. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the skin or surface of animals or plants, not matted and fleecy like wool; esp.: (a) (Zoöl.) The soft under feathers of birds. They have short stems with soft rachis and bards and long threadlike barbules, without hooklets. (b) (Bot.) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, as of the thistle. (c) The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.

> And the first down begins to shade his face.

Dryden.

2. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down

> When in the down I sink my head,
> Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath.

Tennyson.

> Thou bosom softness, down of all my cares!

Southern.

<! p. 449 !>

Down tree (Bot.), a tree of Central America (Ochroma Lagopus), the seeds of which are enveloped in vegetable wool.

Down (doun"), v. t. To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down. [R.] Young.

Down, n. [OE. dun, doun, AS. dn; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. dn hill, fortified hill, Gael. dun heap, hillock, hill, W. din a fortified hill or mount; akin to E. town. See Town, and cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune.] 1. A bank or rounded hillock of sand thrown up by the wind along or near the shore; a flattish-topped hill; -- usually in the plural.

> Hills afford prospects, as they must needs acknowledge who have been on the downs of Sussex.

Ray.

> She went by dale, and she went by down.

Tennyson.

2. A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep; -- usually in the plural. [Eng.]

> Seven thousand broad-tailed sheep grazed on his downs.

Sandys.

3. pl. A road for shipping in the English Channel or Straits of Dover, near Deal, employed as a naval rendezvous in time of war.

> On the 11th [June, 1771] we run up the channel . . . at noon we were abreast of Dover, and about three came to an anchor in the Downs, and went ashore at Deal.

Cook (First Voyage).

4. pl. [From the adverb.] A state of depression; low state; abasement. [Colloq.]

> It the downs of life too much outnumber the ups.

M. Arnold.

Down, adv. [For older adown, AS. ad&?;n, ad&?;ne, prop., from or off the hill. See 3d Down, and cf. Adown, and cf. Adown.] 1. In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth; toward or in a lower place or position; below; - - the opposite of up.

2. Hence, in many derived uses, as: (a) From a higher to a lower position, literally or figuratively; in a descending direction; from the top of an ascent; from an upright position; to the ground or floor; to or into a lower or an inferior condition; as, into a state of humility, disgrace, misery, and the like; into a state of rest; -- used with verbs indicating motion.

> It will be rain to-night. Let it come down.

Shak.

> I sit me down beside the hazel grove.

Tennyson.

> And that drags down his life.

Tennyson.

> There is not a more melancholy object in the learned world than a man who has written himself down.

Addison.

> The French . . . shone down [i. e., outshone] the English.

Shak.

(b) In a low or the lowest position, literally or figuratively; at the bottom of a descent; below the horizon; on the ground; in a condition of humility, dejection, misery, and the like; in a state of quiet.

> I was down and out of breath.

Shak.

> The moon is down; I have not heard the clock.

Shak.

> He that is down needs fear no fall.

Bunyan.

3. From a remoter or higher antiquity.

> Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation.

D. Webster.

4. From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker consistence; as, to boil down in cookery, or in making decoctions. Arbuthnot.

Down is sometimes used elliptically, standing for go down, come down, tear down, take down, put down, haul down, pay down, and the like, especially in command or exclamation.

> Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the duke.

Shak.

> If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone will down.

Locke.

Down is also used intensively; as, to be loaded down; to fall down; to hang down; to drop down; to pay down.

> The temple of Herè at Argos was burnt down.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Down, as well as up, is sometimes used in a conventional sense; as, down East.

> Persons in London say down to Scotland, etc., and those in the provinces, up to London.

Stormonth.

Down helm (Naut.), an order to the helmsman to put the helm to leeward. -- Down on or upon (joined with a verb indicating motion, as go, come, pounce), to attack, implying the idea of threatening power.

> Come down upon us with a mighty power.

Shak.

-- Down with, take down, throw down, put down; -- used in energetic command. "Down with the palace; fire it." Dryden. -- To be down on, to dislike and treat harshly. [Slang, U.S.] -- To cry down. See under Cry, v. t. -- To cut down. See under Cut, v. t. -- Up and down, with rising and falling motion; to and fro; hither and thither; everywhere. "Let them wander up and down." Ps. lix. 15.

Down, prep. [From Down, adv.] 1. In a descending direction along; from a higher to a lower place upon or within; at a lower place in or on; as, down a hill; down a well.

2. Hence: Towards the mouth of a river; towards the sea; as, to sail or swim down a stream; to sail down the sound.

Down the country, toward the sea, or toward the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean. -- Down the sound, in the direction of the ebbing tide; toward the sea.

Down, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Downed (dound); p. pr. & vb. n. Downing.] To cause to go down; to make descend; to put down; to overthrow, as in wrestling; hence, to subdue; to bring down. [Archaic or Colloq.] "To down proud hearts." Sir P. Sidney.

> I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the wits, once at our house.

Madame D'Arblay.

Down, v. i. To go down; to descend. Locke.

Down, a. 1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.]

2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway.

Down draught, a downward draft, as in a flue, chimney, shaft of a mine, etc. -- Down in the mouth, chopfallen; dejected.

Down"bear` (?), v. t. To bear down; to depress.

Down"cast` (doun"kst`), a. Cast downward; directed to the ground, from bashfulness, modesty, dejection, or guilt.

> 'T is love, said she; and then my downcast eyes,
> And guilty dumbness, witnessed my surprise.

Dryden.

-- Down"cast`ly, adv. -- Down"cast`ness, n.

Down"cast`, n. 1. Downcast or melancholy look.

> That downcast of thine eye.

Beau. & Fl.

2. (mining) A ventilating shaft down which the air passes in circulating through a mine.

Down"come` (-km), n. 1. Sudden fall; downfall; overthrow. Milton.

2. (Iron Manuf.) A pipe for leading combustible gases downward from the top of the blast furnace to the hot-blast stoves, boilers, etc., where they are burned.

Down"fall` (-fl`), n. 1. A sudden fall; a body of things falling.

> Those cataracts or downfalls aforesaid.

Holland.

> Each downfall of a flood the mountains pour.

Dryden.

2. A sudden descent from rank or state, reputation or happiness; destruction; ruin.

> Dire were the consequences which would follow the downfall of so important a place.

Motley.

Down"fall`en (-fl`'n), a. Fallen; ruined. Carew.

Down"fall`ing, a. Falling down.

Down"gyved` (?), a. Hanging down like gyves or fetters. [Poetic & Rare] Shak.

Down"haul` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope to haul down, or to assist in hauling down, a sail; as, a staysail downhaul; a trysail downhaul.

Down"heart`ed (?), a. Dejected; low-spirited.

Down"hill` (?), adv. Towards the bottom of a hill; as, water runs downhill.

Down"hill`, a. Declivous; descending; sloping. "A downhill greensward." Congrewe.

Down"hill`, n. Declivity; descent; slope.

> On th' icy downhills of this slippery life.

Du Bartas (Trans. ).

Down"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being downy.

Down"looked` (?), a. Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen. [R.] Dryden.

Down"ly`ing (?), n. The time of retiring to rest; time of repose. Cavendish.

At the downlying, at the travail in childbirth. [Scot.]

Down"pour` (?), n. A pouring or streaming downwards; esp., a heavy or continuous shower.

Down"right` (?), adv. 1. Straight down; perpendicularly.

2. In plain terms; without ceremony.

> We shall chide downright, if I longer stay.

Shak.

3. Without delay; at once; completely. [Obs.]

> She fell downright into a fit.

Arbuthnot.

Down"right`, a. 1. Plain; direct; unceremonious; blunt; positive; as, he spoke in his downright way.

> A man of plain, downright character.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Open; artless; undisguised; absolute; unmixed; as, downright atheism.

> The downright impossibilities charged upon it.

South.

> Gloomy fancies which in her amounted to downright insanity.

Prescott.

-- Down"right`ly, adv. -- Down"right`ness, n.

Down"-share` (?), n. A breastplow used in paring off turf on downs. [Eng.] Knight.

Down"sit`ting (?), n. The act of sitting down; repose; a resting.

> Thou knowest my downsitting and my uprising.

Ps. cxxxix. 2.

Down"stairs (?), adv. Down the stairs; to a lower floor. -- a. Below stairs; as, a downstairs room.

Down"steep`y (?), a. Very steep. [Obs.] Florio.

Down"stream` (?), adv. Down the stream; as, floating downstream.

Down"stroke` (?), n. (Penmanship) A stroke made with a downward motion of the pen or pencil.

Down"throw` (?), n. (Geol.) The sudden drop or depression of the strata of rocks on one side of a fault. See Throw, n.

{ Down"trod` (?), Down"trod`den (?), } a. Trodden down; trampled down; abused by superior power. Shak.

{ Down"ward (?), Down"wards (?), } adv. [AS. ad&?;nweard. See Down, adv., and -ward.] 1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course; as, to tend, move, roll, look, or take root, downward or downwards. "Looking downwards." Pope.

> Their heads they downward bent.

Drayton.

2. From a higher to a lower condition; toward misery, humility, disgrace, or ruin.

> And downward fell into a groveling swine.

Milton.

3. From a remote time; from an ancestor or predecessor; from one to another in a descending line.

> A ring the county wears,
> That downward hath descended in his house,
> From son to son, some four or five descents.

Shak.

Down"ward, a. 1. Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place; tending toward the earth or its center, or toward a lower level; declivous.

> With downward force
> That drove the sand along he took his way.

Dryden.

2. Descending from a head, origin, or source; as, a downward line of descent.

3. Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; as, downward thoughts. Sir P. Sidney.

Down"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Cudweed, a species of Gnaphalium.

Down`weigh" (-w"), v. t. To weigh or press down.

> A different sin downweighs them to the bottom.

Longfellow.

Down"y (-), a. 1. Covered with down, or with pubescence or soft hairs. "A downy feather." Shak.

> Plants that . . . have downy or velvet rind upon their leaves.

Bacon.

2. Made of, or resembling, down. Hence, figuratively: Soft; placid; soothing; quiet. "A downy shower." Keble. "Downy pillow." Pope.

> Time steals on with downy feet.

Young.

3. Cunning; wary. [Slang, Eng.] Latham.

Dow"ral (?), a. Of or relating to a dower. [R.]

Dow"ress, n. A woman entitled to dower. Bouvier.

Dow"ry (?), n.; pl. Dowries (#). [Contr. from dowery; cf. LL. dotarium. See Dower.] 1. A gift; endowment. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The money, goods, or estate, which a woman brings to her husband in marriage; a bride's portion on her marriage. See Note under Dower. Shak. Dryden.

3. A gift or presents for the bride, on espousal. See Dower.

> Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give . . .; but give me the damsel to wife.

Gen. xxxiv. 12.

Dowse (?), v. t. [Cf. 1st Douse.] 1. To plunge, or duck into water; to immerse; to douse.

2. [Cf. OD. doesen to strike, Norw. dusa to break.] To beat or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dowse, v. i. To use the dipping or divining rod, as in search of water, ore, etc.

> Adams had the reputation of having dowsed successfully for more than a hundred wells.

Eng. Cyc.

Dowse, n. A blow on the face. [Low] Colman.

Dows"er (?), n. 1. A divining rod used in searching for water, ore, etc., a dowsing rod. [Colloq.]

2. One who uses the dowser or divining rod. Eng. Cyc.

Dowst (?), n. A dowse. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Dow"ve (?), n. A dove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dox`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to doxology; giving praise to God. Howell.

Dox*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Doxologized; p. pr. & vb. n. Doxologizing.] To give glory to God, as in a doxology; to praise God with doxologies.

Dox*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Doxologies (#). [LL. doxologia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; praising, giving glory; &?; opinion, estimation, glory, praise (from &?; to think, imagine) + &?; to speak: cf. F. doxologie. See Dogma, and Legend.] In Christian worship: A hymn expressing praise and honor to God; a form of praise to God designed to be sung or chanted by the choir or the congregation.

> David breaks forth into these triumphant praises and doxologies.

South.

Dox"y (?), n.; pl. Doxies (#). [See Duck a pet.] A loose wench; a disreputable sweetheart. Shak.

Doy"ly (?), n. See Doily.

Doze (dz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dozed (dzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dozing.] [Prob. akin to daze, dizzy: cf. Icel. dsa to doze, Dan. döse to make dull, heavy, or drowsy, dös dullness, drowsiness, dösig drowsy, AS. dws dull, stupid, foolish. √71. Cf. Dizzy.] To slumber; to sleep lightly; to be in a dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; to be drowsy.

> If he happened to doze a little, the jolly cobbler waked him.

L'Estrange.

Doze, v. t. 1. To pass or spend in drowsiness; as, to doze away one's time.

2. To make dull; to stupefy. [Obs.]

> I was an hour . . . in casting up about twenty sums, being dozed with much work.

Pepys.

> They left for a long time dozed and benumbed.

South.

Doze, n. A light sleep; a drowse. Tennyson.

Doz"en (dz"'n), n.; pl. Dozen (before another noun), Dozens (&?;). [OE. doseine, dosein, OF. doseine, F. douzaine, fr. douze twelve, fr. L. duodecim; duo two + decem ten. See Two, Ten, and cf. Duodecimal.] 1. A collection of twelve objects; a tale or set of twelve; with or without of before the substantive which follows. "Some six or seven dozen of Scots." "A dozen of shirts to your back." "A dozen sons." "Half a dozen friends." Shak.

2. An indefinite small number. Milton.

A baker's dozen, thirteen; -- called also a long dozen.

Doz"enth (?), a. Twelfth. [R.]

Doz"er (?), n. One who dozes or drowses.

Doz"i*ness (?), n. The state of being dozy; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

Doz"y (?), a. Drowsy; inclined to doze; sleepy; sluggish; as, a dozy head. Dryden.

Doz"zled (?), a. [√71.] Stupid; heavy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Drab (?), n. [AS. drabbe dregs, lees; akin to D. drab, drabbe, dregs, G. treber; for sense 1, cf. also Gael. drabag a slattern, drabach slovenly. Cf. Draff.] 1. A low, sluttish woman. King.

2. A lewd wench; a strumpet. Shak.

3. A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans.

Drab, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbing.] To associate with strumpets; to wench. Beau. & Fl.

Drab, n. [F. drap cloth: LL. drappus, trapus, perh. orig., a firm, solid stuff, cf. F. draper to drape, also to full cloth; prob. of German origin; cf. Icel. drepa to beat, strike, AS. drepan, G. treffen; perh. akin to E. drub. Cf. Drape, Trappings.] 1. A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or dull gray, color; -- called also drabcloth.

2. A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.

Drab, a. Of a color between gray and brown. -- n. A drab color.

Drab"ber (?), n. One who associates with drabs; a wencher. Massinger.

Drab"bet (?), n. A coarse linen fabric, or duck.

Drab"bish, a. Somewhat drab in color.

Drab"bish (?), a. Having the character of a drab or low wench. "The drabbish sorceress." Drant.

Drab"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drabbling (?).] [&?;&?;&?;.See Drab, Draff.] To draggle; to wet and befoul by draggling; as, to drabble a gown or cloak. Halliwell.

<! p. 450 !>

Drab"ble (?), v. i. To fish with a long line and rod; as, to drabble for barbels.

Drab"bler (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas fastened by lacing to the bonnet of a sail, to give it a greater depth, or more drop.

Drab"ble-tail` (?), n. A draggle- tail; a slattern. Halliwell.

||Dra*cæ"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; she-dragon.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped flowers.

Dracæna Draco, the source of the dragon's blood of the Canaries, forms a tree, sometimes of gigantic size.

Dra"canth (?), n. A kind of gum; - - called also gum tragacanth, or tragacanth. See Tragacanth.

Drachm (?), n. [See Drachma.] 1. A drachma.

2. Same as Dram.

||Drach"ma (?), n.; pl. E. Drachmas (#), L. Drachmæ (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Dram.] 1. A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents.

2. A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents.

3. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.

||Drach"me (?), n. [F.] See Drachma.

Dra"cin (?), n. [Cf. F. dracine.] (Chem.) See Draconin.

||Dra"co (?), n. [L. See Dragon.] 1. (Astron.) The Dragon, a northern constellation within which is the north pole of the ecliptic.

2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds.

3. (Zoöl.) A genus of lizards. See Dragon, 6.

Dra*co"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to Draco, a famous lawgiver of Athens, 621 b. c.

Draconian code, or Draconian laws, a code of laws made by Draco. Their measures were so severe that they were said to be written in letters of blood; hence, any laws of excessive rigor.

Dra*con"ic (?), a. Relating to Draco, the Athenian lawgiver; or to the constellation Draco; or to dragon's blood.

Dra*co"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. draconine. See Draco.] (Chem.) A red resin forming the essential basis of dragon's blood; -- called also dracin.

Dra*con"tic (?), a. [From L. draco dragon, in allusion to the terms dragon's head and dragon's tail.] (Astron.) Belonging to that space of time in which the moon performs one revolution, from ascending node to ascending node. See Dragon's head, under Dragon. [Obs.] "Dracontic month." Crabb.

Dra*con"tine (?), a. [L. draco dragon.] Belonging to a dragon. Southey.

||Dra*cun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Dracunculi (#). [L., dim. of draco dragon.] (Zoöl.) (a) A fish; the dragonet. (b) The Guinea worm (Filaria medinensis).

Drad (?), p. p. & a. Dreaded. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drad"de (?), imp. of Dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dradge (?), n. (Min.) Inferior ore, separated from the better by cobbing. Raymond.

Draff (drf), n. [Cf. D. draf the sediment of ale, Icel. draf draff, husks. Cf. 1st Drab.] Refuse; lees; dregs; the wash given to swine or cows; hogwash; waste matter.

> Prodigals lately come from swine keeping, from eating draff and husks.

Shak.

> The draff and offal of a bygone age.

Buckle.

> Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt.

Tennyson.

Draff"ish, a. Worthless; draffy. Bale.

Draff"y (?), a. Dreggy; waste; worthless.

> The dregs and draffy part.

Beau. & Fl.

Draft (drft), n. [The same word as draught. OE. draught, draht, fr. AS. dragan to draw. See Draw, and cf. Draught.] 1. The act of drawing; also, the thing drawn. Same as Draught.

> Everything available for draft burden.

S. G. Goodrich.

2. (Mil.) A selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or from any part of it, or from a military post; also from any district, or any company or collection of persons, or from the people at large; also, the body of men thus drafted.

> Several of the States had supplied the deficiency by drafts to serve for the year.

Marshall.

3. An order from one person or party to another, directing the payment of money; a bill of exchange.

> I thought it most prudent to defer the drafts till advice was received of the progress of the loan.

A. Hamilton.

4. An allowance or deduction made from the gross weight of goods. Simmonds.

5. A drawing of lines for a plan; a plan delineated, or drawn in outline; a delineation. See Draught.

6. The form of any writing as first drawn up; the first rough sketch of written composition, to be filled in, or completed. See Draught.

7. (Masonry) (a) A narrow border left on a finished stone, worked differently from the rest of its face. (b) A narrow border worked to a plane surface along the edge of a stone, or across its face, as a guide to the stone-cutter.

8. (Milling) The slant given to the furrows in the dress of a millstone.

9. (Naut.) Depth of water necessary to float a ship; the depth below the water surface to which the bottom of a ship sinks when bearing a specific load. See Draught.

10. A current of air. Same as Draught.

Draft, a. 1. Pertaining to, or used for, drawing or pulling (as vehicles, loads, etc.). Same as Draught.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air. Same as Draught.

The forms draft and draught, in the senses above-given, are both in approved use.

Draft box, Draft engine, Draft horse, Draft net, Draft ox, Draft tube. Same as Draught box, Draught engine, etc. See under Draught.

Draft (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drafting.] 1. To draw the outline of; to delineate.

2. To compose and write; as, to draft a memorial.

3. To draw from a military band or post, or from any district, company, or society; to detach; to select.

> Some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they drafted novices to supply their colleges and temples.

Holwell.

4. To transfer by draft.

> All her rents been drafted to London.

Fielding.

Drafts"man (?), n. See Draughtsman.

Drag (?), n. [See 3d Dredge.] A confection; a comfit; a drug. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dragging (?).] [OE. draggen; akin to Sw. dragga to search with a grapnel, fr. dragg grapnel, fr. draga to draw, the same word as E. draw. &?; See Draw.] 1. To draw slowly or heavily onward; to pull along the ground by main force; to haul; to trail; -- applied to drawing heavy or resisting bodies or those inapt for drawing, with labor, along the ground or other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing.

> Dragged by the cords which through his feet were thrust.

Denham.

> The grossness of his nature will have weight to drag thee down.

Tennyson.

> A needless Alexandrine ends the song
> That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.

Pope.

2. To break, as land, by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow; to draw a drag along the bottom of, as a stream or other water; hence, to search, as by means of a drag.

> Then while I dragged my brains for such a song.

Tennyson.

3. To draw along, as something burdensome; hence, to pass in pain or with difficulty.

> Have dragged a lingering life.

Dryden.

To drag an anchor (Naut.), to trail it along the bottom when the anchor will not hold the ship.

Syn. -- See Draw.

Drag, v. i. 1. To be drawn along, as a rope or dress, on the ground; to trail; to be moved onward along the ground, or along the bottom of the sea, as an anchor that does not hold.

2. To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with weary effort; to go on lingeringly.

> The day drags through, though storms keep out the sun.

Byron.

> Long, open panegyric drags at best.

Gay.

3. To serve as a clog or hindrance; to hold back.

> A propeller is said to drag when the sails urge the vessel faster than the revolutions of the screw can propel her.

Russell.

4. To fish with a dragnet.

Drag, n. [See Drag, v. t., and cf. Dray a cart, and 1st Dredge.] 1. The act of dragging; anything which is dragged.

2. A net, or an apparatus, to be drawn along the bottom under water, as in fishing, searching for drowned persons, etc.

3. A kind of sledge for conveying heavy bodies; also, a kind of low car or handcart; as, a stone drag.

4. A heavy coach with seats on top; also, a heavy carriage. [Collog.] Thackeray.

5. A heavy harrow, for breaking up ground.

6. (a) Anything towed in the water to retard a ship's progress, or to keep her head up to the wind; esp., a canvas bag with a hooped mouth, so used. See Drag sail (below). (b) Also, a skid or shoe, for retarding the motion of a carriage wheel. (c) Hence, anything that retards; a clog; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment.

> My lectures were only a pleasure to me, and no drag.

J. D. Forbes.

7. Motion affected with slowness and difficulty, as if clogged. "Had a drag in his walk." Hazlitt.

8. (Founding) The bottom part of a flask or mold, the upper part being the cope.

9. (Masonry) A steel instrument for completing the dressing of soft stone.

10. (Marine Engin.) The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel. See Citation under Drag, v. i., 3.

Drag sail (Naut.), a sail or canvas rigged on a stout frame, to be dragged by a vessel through the water in order to keep her head to the wind or to prevent drifting; -- called also drift sail, drag sheet, drag anchor, sea anchor, floating anchor, etc. -- Drag twist (Mining), a spiral hook at the end of a rod for cleaning drilled holes.

Dra*gan"tine (?), n. [See Dracanth.] A mucilage obtained from, or containing, gum tragacanth.

Drag"bar` (?), n. Same as Drawbar (b). Called also draglink, and drawlink. [U. S.]

Drag"bolt` (?), n. A coupling pin. See under Coupling. [U. S.]

||Dra`gées" (?), n. pl. [F. See 3d Dredge.] (Pharmacy) Sugar-coated medicines.

Drag"gle (drg"g'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draggled (-g'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Draggling (-glng).] [Freq. of drag. √73. Cf. Drawl.] To wet and soil by dragging on the ground, mud, or wet grass; to drabble; to trail. Gray.

> With draggled nets down-hanging to the tide.

Trench.

Drag"gle, v. i. To be dragged on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being dragged or trailed in the mud or wet grass. Hudibras.

Drag"gle-tail` (?), n. A slattern who suffers her gown to trail in the mire; a drabble-tail.

Drag"gle-tailed` (?), a. Untidy; sluttish; slatternly. W. Irving.

Drag"link` (?), n. (Mach.) (a) A link connecting the cranks of two shafts. (b) A drawbar.

Drag"man (?), n.; pl. Dragmen (&?;). A fisherman who uses a dragnet. Sir M. Hale.

Drag"net` (?), n. [Cf. AS. drægnet.] A net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in fishing.

Drag"o*man (?), n.; pl. Dragomans (#). [From F. dragoman, or Sp. dragoman, or It. dragomanno; all fr. LGr. &?;, Ar. tarjumn, from the same source as E. targum. Cf. Drogman, Truchman.] An interpreter; -- so called in the Levant and other parts of the East.

Drag"on (?), n. [F. dragon, L. draco, fr. Gr. &?;, prob. fr. &?;, &?;, to look (akin to Skr. dar&?; to see), and so called from its terrible eyes. Cf. Drake a dragon, Dragoon.] 1. (Myth.) A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and regarded as very powerful and ferocious.

> The dragons which appear in early paintings and sculptures are invariably representations of a winged crocodile.

Fairholt.

In Scripture the term dragon refers to any great monster, whether of the land or sea, usually to some kind of serpent or reptile, sometimes to land serpents of a powerful and deadly kind. It is also applied metaphorically to Satan.

> Thou breakest the heads of the dragons in the waters.

Ps. lxxiv. 13.

> Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.

Ps. xci. 13.

> He laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years.

Rev. xx. 2.

2. A fierce, violent person, esp. a woman. Johnson.

3. (Astron.) A constellation of the northern hemisphere figured as a dragon; Draco.

4. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds, seeming to move through the air as a winged serpent.

5. (Mil. Antiq.) A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt; -- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle. Fairholt.

6. (Zoöl.) A small arboreal lizard of the genus Draco, of several species, found in the East Indies and Southern Asia. Five or six of the hind ribs, on each side, are prolonged and covered with weblike skin, forming a sort of wing. These prolongations aid them in making long leaps from tree to tree. Called also flying lizard.

7. (Zoöl.) A variety of carrier pigeon.

8. (Her.) A fabulous winged creature, sometimes borne as a charge in a coat of arms.

Dragon is often used adjectively, or in combination, in the sense of relating to, resembling, or characteristic of, a dragon.

Dragon arum (Bot.), the name of several species of Arisæma, a genus of plants having a spathe and spadix. See Dragon root(below). -- Dragon fish (Zoöl.), the dragonet. -- Dragon fly (Zoöl.), any insect of the family Libellulidæ. They have finely formed, large and strongly reticulated wings, a large head with enormous eyes, and a long body; -- called also mosquito hawks. Their larvæ are aquatic and insectivorous. -- Dragon root (Bot.), an American aroid plant (Arisæma Dracontium); green dragon. -- Dragon's blood, a resinous substance obtained from the fruit of several species of Calamus, esp. from C. Rotang and C. Draco, growing in the East Indies. A substance known as dragon's blood is obtained by exudation from Dracæna Draco; also from Pterocarpus Draco, a tree of the West Indies and South America. The color is red, or a dark brownish red, and it is used chiefly for coloring varnishes, marbles, etc. Called also Cinnabar Græcorum. -- Dragon's head. (a) (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Dracocephalum. They are perennial herbs closely allied to the common catnip. (b) (Astron.) The ascending node of a planet, indicated, chiefly in almanacs, by the symbol &?;. The deviation from the ecliptic made by a planet in passing from one node to the other seems, according to the fancy of some, to make a figure like that of a dragon, whose belly is where there is the greatest latitude; the intersections representing the head and tail; -- from which resemblance the denomination arises. Encyc. Brit. - - Dragon shell (Zoöl.), a species of limpet. -- Dragon's skin, fossil stems whose leaf scars somewhat resemble the scales of reptiles; -- a name used by miners and quarrymen. Stormonth. -- Dragon's tail (Astron.), the descending node of a planet, indicated by the symbol &?;. See Dragon's head (above). -- Dragon's wort (Bot.), a plant of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus). -- Dragon tree (Bot.), a West African liliaceous tree (Dracæna Draco), yielding one of the resins called dragon's blood. See Dracæna. -- Dragon water, a medicinal remedy very popular in the earlier half of the 17th century. "Dragon water may do good upon him." Randolph (1640). -- Flying dragon, a large meteoric fireball; a bolide.

Drag"on*et (?), n. 1. A little dragon. Spenser.

2. (Zoöl.) A small British marine fish (Callionymuslyra); -- called also yellow sculpin, fox, and gowdie.

Drag"on*ish, a. resembling a dragon. Shak.

Drag"on*like` (-lk`), a. Like a dragon. Shak.

<! p. 451 !>

Drag`on*nade" (drg`n*nd"), n. [F., fr. dragon dragoon, because Louis XIV., in persecuting the Protestants of his kingdom, quartered dragoons upon them.] The severe persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV., by an armed force, usually of dragoons; hence, a rapid and devastating incursion; dragoonade.

> He learnt it as he watched the dragonnades, the tortures, the massacres of the Netherlands.

C. Kingsley.

{ Drag"on's blood, Drag"on's head, Drag"on's tail }. See Dragon's blood, Dragon's head, etc., under Dragon.

Dra*goon" (dr*gn"), n. [F. dragon dragon, dragoon, fr. L. draco dragon, also, a cohort's standard (with a dragon on it). The name was given from the sense standard. See Dragon.] 1. ((Mil.) Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man.

2. A variety of pigeon. Clarke.

Dragoon bird (Zoöl.), the umbrella bird.

Dra*goon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dragooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dragooning.] 1. To harass or reduce to subjection by dragoons; to persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.

2. To compel submission by violent measures; to harass; to persecute.

> The colonies may be influenced to anything, but they can be dragooned to nothing.

Price.

> Lewis the Fourteenth is justly censured for trying to dragoon his subjects to heaven.

Macaulay.

Drag`oon*ade" (?), n. See Dragonnade.

Dra*goon"er (?), n. A dragoon. [Obs.]

Drail (drl), v. t. & i. [√73.] To trail; to draggle. [Obs.] South.

Drain (drn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drained (drnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Draining.] [AS. drehnigean to drain, strain; perh. akin to E. draw.] 1. To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to cause the exhaustion of.

> Fountains drain the water from the ground adjacent.

Bacon.

> But it was not alone that the he drained their treasure and hampered their industry.

Motley.

2. To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from streets, by gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence, to exhaust; to empty of wealth, resources, or the like; as, to drain a country of its specie.

> Sinking waters, the firm land to drain,
> Filled the capacious deep and formed the main.

Roscommon.

3. To filter.

> Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth, hath become fresh.

Bacon.

Drain, v. i. 1. To flow gradually; as, the water of low ground drains off.

2. To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; as, let the vessel stand and drain.

Drain, n. 1. The act of draining, or of drawing off; gradual and continuous outflow or withdrawal; as, the drain of specie from a country.

2. That means of which anything is drained; a channel; a trench; a water course; a sewer; a sink.

3. pl. The grain from the mashing tub; as, brewers' drains. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Box drain, Counter drain. See under Box, Counter. -- Right of drain (Law), an easement or servitude by which one man has a right to convey water in pipes through or over the estate of another. Kent.

Drain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being drained.

Drain"age (?), n. 1. A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid; also, that which flows out of a drain.

2. The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams and rivers.

3. (Engin.) The system of drains and their operation, by which superfluous water is removed from towns, railway beds, mines, and other works.

4. Area or district drained; as, the drainage of the Po, the Thames, etc. Latham.

5. (Surg.) The act, process, or means of drawing off the pus or fluids from a wound, abscess, etc.

Drainage tube (Surg.), a tube introduced into a wound, etc., to draw off the discharges.

||Draine (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The missel thrush.

Drain"er (?), n. One who, or that which, drains.

Drain"ing, vb. n. of Drain, v. t. (Agric.) The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.

Draining tile. Same as Draintile.

Drain"pipe` (?), n. A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.

Drain"tile` (?), n. A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also draining tile.

Drain"trap` (?), n. See 4th Trap, 5.

Drake (drk), n. [Akin to LG. drake, OHG. antrache, anetrecho, G. enterich, Icel. andriki, Dan. andrik, OSw. andrak, andrage, masc., and fr. AS. ened, fem., duck; akin to D. eend, G. ente, Icel. önd, Dan. and, Sw. and, Lith. antis, L. anas, Gr. &?; (for &?;), and perh. Skr. ti a water fowl. √207. In English the first part of the word was lost. The ending is akin to E. rich. Cf. Gulaund.] 1. The male of the duck kind.

2. [Cf. Dragon fly, under Dragon.] The drake fly.

> The drake will mount steeple height into the air.

Walton.

Drake fly, a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling.

> The dark drake fly, good in August.

Walton.

Drake, n. [AS. draca dragon, L. draco. See Dragon.] 1. A dragon. [Obs.]

> Beowulf resolves to kill the drake.

J. A. Harrison (Beowulf).

2. A small piece of artillery. [Obs.]

> Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of drakes, made them stagger.

Clarendon.

Drake, n. [Cf. F. dravik, W. drewg, darnel, cockle, etc.] Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also drawk, dravick, and drank. [Prov. Eng.] Dr. Prior.

Drake"stone (?), n. A flat stone so thrown along the surface of water as to skip from point to point before it sinks; also, the sport of so throwing stones; -- sometimes called ducks and drakes.

> Internal earthquakes, that, not content with one throe, run along spasmodically, like boys playing at what is called drakestone.

De Quincey.

Dram (drm), n. [OF. drame, F. drachme, L. drachma, drachm, drachma, fr. Gr. drachmh`, prop., a handful, fr. dra`ssesqai to grasp. Cf. Drachm, Drachma.] 1. A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains.

2. A minute quantity; a mite.

> Were I the chooser, a dram of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing.

Milton.

3. As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; as, a dram of brandy; hence, a potation or potion; as, a dram of poison. Shak.

4. (Numis.) A Persian daric. Ezra ii. 69.

Fluid dram, or Fluid drachm. See under Fluid.

Dram, v. i. & t. To drink drams; to ply with drams. [Low] Johnson. Thackeray.

Dra"ma (drä"m or dr"m; 277), n. [L. drama, Gr. dra^ma, fr. dra^n to do, act; cf. Lith. daryti.] 1. A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage.

> A divine pastoral drama in the Song of Solomon.

Milton.

2. A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest. "The drama of war." Thackeray.

> Westward the course of empire takes its way;
> The four first acts already past,
> A fifth shall close the drama with the day;
> Time's noblest offspring is the last.

Berkeley.

> The drama and contrivances of God's providence.

Sharp.

3. Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature.

The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, melodrama, operas, burlettas, and farces.

The romantic drama, the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage. J. A. Symonds.

{ Dra*mat"ic (?), Dra*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. dramatique.] Of or pertaining to the drama; appropriate to, or having the qualities of, a drama; theatrical; vivid.

> The emperor . . . performed his part with much dramatic effect.

Motley.

Dra*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.

||Dram"a*tis per*so"næ (?). [L.] The actors in a drama or play.

Dram"a*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. dramatiste.] The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.

Dram"a*ti`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being dramatized.

Dram`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. Act of dramatizing.

Dram"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dramatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dramatizing (?).] [Cf. F. dramatiser.] To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama; to adapt to dramatic representation; as, to dramatize a novel, or an historical episode.

> They dramatized tyranny for public execration.

Motley.

Dram`a*tur"gic (?), a. Relating to dramaturgy.

Dram"a*tur`gist (?), n. One versed in dramaturgy. Carlyle.

Dram"a*tur`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; dramatic composition; &?; drama + a root akin to E. work: cf. F. dramaturgie.] The art of dramatic composition and representation.

Dram"ming (?), n. The practice of drinking drams.

Dram"sell`er (?), n. One who sells distilled liquors by the dram or glass.

Dram"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where spirits are sold by the dram.

Drank (?), imp. of Drink.

Drank, n. [Cf. 3d Drake.] Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

||Drap` d'é*té" (?). [F., clot of summer.] A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.

Drape (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Draping (?).] [F. draper, fr. drap cloth. See 3d Drab.] 1. To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; as, to drape a bust, a building, etc.

> The whole people were draped professionally.

De Quincey.

> These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white,
> Soft falling, falling, through the night,
> Have draped the woods and mere

. Bungay.

2. To rail at; to banter. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Drape, v. i. 1. To make cloth. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.

Dra"per (?), n. [F. drapier.] One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and tailor.

Dra"per*ied (?), a. Covered or supplied with drapery. [R.] Byron.

Dra"per*y (?), n.; pl. Draperies (#). [F. draperie.] 1. The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth. Bacon.

2. Cloth, or woolen stuffs in general.

> People who ought to be weighing out grocery or measuring out drapery.

Macaulay.

3. A textile fabric used for decorative purposes, especially when hung loosely and in folds carefully disturbed; as: (a) Garments or vestments of this character worn upon the body, or shown in the representations of the human figure in art. (b) Hangings of a room or hall, or about a bed.

> Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch
> About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.

Bryant.

> All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off.

Burke.

Casting of draperies. See under Casting.

> The casting of draperies . . . is one of the most important of an artist's studies.

Fairholt.

Dra"pet (?), n. [Dim. of drap.] Cloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to do, act: cf. F. drastique. See Drama.] (Med.) Acting rapidly and violently; efficacious; powerful; -- opposed to bland; as, drastic purgatives. -- n. (Med.) A violent purgative. See Cathartic.

Dras"ty (?), a. [AS. dærstan, dresten, dregs.] Filthy; worthless. [Obs.] "Drasty ryming." Chaucer.

Draugh (?), n. See Draft. [Obs.]

Draught (?), n. [The same as draft, the spelling with gh indicating an older pronunciation. See Draft, n., Draw.] 1. The act of drawing or pulling; as: (a) The act of moving loads by drawing, as by beasts of burden, and the like.

> A general custom of using oxen for all sort of draught would be, perhaps, the greatest improvement.

Sir W. Temple.

(b) The drawing of a bowstring. [Obs.]

> She sent an arrow forth with mighty draught.

Spenser.

(c) Act of drawing a net; a sweeping the water for fish.

> Upon the draught of a pond, not one fish was left.

Sir M. Hale.

(d) The act of drawing liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking.

> In his hands he took the goblet, but a while the draught forbore.

Trench.

(e) A sudden attack or drawing upon an enemy. [Obs.]

> By drawing sudden draughts upon the enemy when he looketh not for you.

Spenser.

(f) (Mil.) The act of selecting or detaching soldiers; a draft (see Draft, n., 2) (g) The act of drawing up, marking out, or delineating; representation. Dryden.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) That which is taken by sweeping with a net.

> Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.

Luke v. 4.

> He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, which brought him a very great draught.

L'Estrange.

(b) (Mil.) The force drawn; a detachment; -- in this sense usually written draft. (c) The quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation.

> Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery, . . . still thou art a bitter draught.

Sterne.

> Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts inspired.

Goldsmith.

(d) A sketch, outline, or representation, whether written, designed, or drawn; a delineation.

> A draught of a Toleration Act was offered to the Parliament by a private member.

Macaulay.

> No picture or draught of these things from the report of the eye.

South.

(e) (Com.) An order for the payment of money; -- in this sense almost always written draft. (f) A current of air moving through an inclosed place, as through a room or up a chimney. Thackeray.

> He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in . . . a strong draught of air, until he was again sent for.

Dickens.

3. That which draws; as: (a) A team of oxen or horses. Blackstone. (b) A sink or drain; a privy. Shak. Matt. xv. 17. (c) pl. (Med.) A mild vesicatory; a sinapism; as, to apply draughts to the feet.

4. Capacity of being drawn; force necessary to draw; traction.

> The Hertfordshire wheel plow . . . is of the easiest draught.

Mortimer.

5. (Naut.) The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as, a ship of twelve feet draught.

6. (Com.) An allowance on weighable goods. [Eng.] See Draft, 4.

7. A move, as at chess or checkers. [Obs.] Chaucer.

8. The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.

9. (Masonry) See Draft, n., 7.

Angle of draught, the angle made with the plane over which a body is drawn by the line in which the pulling force acts, when the latter has the direction best adapted to overcome the obstacles of friction and the weight of the body. - - Black draught. See under Black, a. -- Blast draught, or Forced draught, the draught produced by a blower, as by blowing in air beneath a fire or drawing out the gases from above it. -- Natural draught, the draught produced by the atmosphere flowing, by its own weight, into a chimney wherein the air is rarefied by heat. -- On draught, so as to be drawn from the wood (as a cask, barrel, etc.) in distinction from being bottled; as, ale on draught. -- Sheer draught. See under Sheer.

Draught, a. 1. Used for drawing vehicles, loads, etc.; as, a draught beast; draught hooks.

2. Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air.

3. Used in making drawings; as, draught compasses.

4. Drawn directly from the barrel, or other receptacle, in distinction from bottled; on draught; -- said of ale, cider, and the like.

This word, especially in the first and second meanings, is often written draft, a spelling which is approved by many authorities.

Draught box. See Draught tube, below. -- Draught engine (Mining), an engine used for pumping, raising heavy weights, and the like. -- Draught hook (Mil.), one of the hooks on a cannon carriage, used in drawing the gun backward and forward. -- Draught horse, a horse employed in drawing loads, plowing, etc., as distinguished from a saddle horse or carriage horse. -- Draught net, a seine or hauling net. -- Draught ox, an ox employed in hauling loads, plowing, etc. -- Draught tube (Water Wheels), an air- tight pipe extending downward into the tailrace from a turbine wheel located above it, to make the whole fall available; -- called also draught box.

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Draught (drft), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Draughted; p. pr. & vb. n. Draughting.] 1. To draw out; to call forth. See Draft. Addison.

2. To diminish or exhaust by drawing. [R.]

> The Parliament so often draughted and drained.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Draughting room, a room draughtsmen to work in, and where plans are kept.

Draught"board` (-brd`), n. A checkered board on which draughts are played. See Checkerboard.

Draught"house` (-hous`), n. A house for the reception of waste matter; a privy. [Obs.] 2 Kings x. 27.

Draughts (?), n. pl. A mild vesicatory. See Draught, n., 3 (c).

Draughts, n. pl. A game, now more commonly called checkers. See Checkers.

Polish draughts is sometimes played with 40 pieces on a board divided into 100 squares. Am. Cyc.

Draughts"man (?), n.; pl. Draughtsmen (&?;). 1. One who draws pleadings or other writings.

2. One who draws plans and sketches of machinery, structures, and places; also, more generally, one who makes drawings of any kind.

3. A "man" or piece used in the game of draughts.

4. One who drinks drams; a tippler. [Obs.] Tatler.

Draughts"man*ship, n. The office, art, or work of a draughtsman.

Draught"y (?), a. Pertaining to a draught, or current of air; as, a draughtly, comfortless room.

Drave (?), old imp. of Drive. [Obs.]

Dra"vi*da (?), n. pl. [Skr. Drvia, prob. meaning, Tamil.] (Ethnol.) A race of Hindostan, believed to be the original people who occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.

Dra*vid"i*an (?), a. [From Skr. Drvia, the name of the southern portion of the peninsula of India.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Dravida.

Dravidian languages, a group of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of these languages, the Tamil is the most important.

Draw (dr), v. t. [imp. Drew (dr); p. p. Drawn (drn); p. pr. & vb. n. Drawing.] [OE. draen, drahen, draien, drawen, AS. dragan; akin to Icel. & Sw. draga, Dan. drage to draw, carry, and prob. to OS. dragan to bear, carry, D. dragen, G. tragen, Goth. dragan; cf. Skr. dhraj to move along, glide; and perh. akin to Skr. dhar to hold, bear. √73. Cf. 2d Drag, Dray a cart, 1st Dredge.] 1. To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow.

> He cast him down to ground, and all along
> Drew him through dirt and mire without remorse.

Spenser.

> He hastened to draw the stranger into a private room.

Sir W. Scott.

> Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seats?

James ii. 6.

> The arrow is now drawn to the head.

Atterbury.

2. To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to entice; to allure; to induce.

> The poet
> Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.

Shak.

> All eyes you draw, and with the eyes the heart.

Dryden.

3. To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to educe; to bring forth; as: (a) To bring or take out, or to let out, from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a cask or well, etc.

> The drew out the staves of the ark.

2 Chron. v. 9.

> Draw thee waters for the siege.

Nahum iii. 14.

> I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without drawing one drop of blood.

Wiseman.

(b) To pull from a sheath, as a sword.

> I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.

Ex. xv. 9.

(c) To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive.

> Spirits, by distillations, may be drawn out of vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of themselves.

Cheyne.

> Until you had drawn oaths from him.

Shak.

(d) To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive.

> We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history.

Burke.

(e) To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and receive from a fund, or the like; as, to draw money from a bank. (f) To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks; hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he drew a prize. (g) To select by the drawing of lots.

> Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or drawn.

Freeman.

4. To remove the contents of; as: (a) To drain by emptying; to suck dry.

> Sucking and drawing the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can generated.

Wiseman.

(b) To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; as, to draw a fowl; to hang, draw, and quarter a criminal.

> In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe.

King.

5. To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave. "Where I first drew air." Milton.

> Drew, or seemed to draw, a dying groan.

Dryden.

6. To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to extend, as a mass of metal into wire.

> How long her face is drawn!

Shak.

> And the huge Offa's dike which he drew from the mouth of Wye to that of Dee.

J. R. Green.

7. To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also, to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture.

8. To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words; to depict; to describe.

> A flattering painter who made it his care
> To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are.

Goldsmith.

> Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move,
> Or thou draw beauty and not feel its power?

Prior.

9. To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; as, to draw a memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange.

> Clerk, draw a deed of gift.

Shak.

10. To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); as, a ship draws ten feet of water.

11. To withdraw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

> Go wash thy face, and draw the action.

Shak.

12. To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term.

Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquid quickly, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We may write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating.

To draw a bow, to bend the bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow. -- To draw a cover, to clear a cover of the game it contains. - - To draw a curtain, to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing. "Night draws the curtain, which the sun withdraws." Herbert. -- To draw a line, to fix a limit or boundary. -- To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation. -- To draw breath, to breathe. Shak. -- To draw cuts or lots. See under Cut, n. -- To draw in. (a) To bring or pull in; to collect. (b) To entice; to inveigle. -- To draw interest, to produce or gain interest. -- To draw off, to withdraw; to abstract. Addison. -- To draw on, to bring on; to occasion; to cause. "War which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured." Hayward. -- To draw (one) out, to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings of another. -- To draw out, to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out. -- "Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations?" Ps. lxxxv. 5. "Linked sweetness long drawn out." Milton. -- To draw over, to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part or side for the opposite one. -- To draw the longbow, to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales. -- To draw (one) to or on to (something), to move, to incite, to induce. "How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been drawn to by thy fantasy?" Shak. -- To draw up. (a) To compose in due form; to draught; to form in writing. (b) To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array. "Drawn up in battle to receive the charge." Dryden.

Syn. -- To Draw, Drag. Draw differs from drag in this, that drag implies a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with toil or difficulty. Draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag the more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.

Draw (?), v. i. 1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to move anything by pulling; as, a horse draws well; the sails of a ship draw well.

A sail is said to draw when it is filled with wind.

2. To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well.

> The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep.

John iv. 11.

3. To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or enticement.

> Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not draw too much.

Addison.

4. (Med.) To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc.

5. To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.

6. To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword.

> So soon as ever thou seest him, draw; and as thou drawest, swear horrible.

Shak.

7. To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to sketch; to form figures or pictures. "Skill in drawing." Locke.

8. To become contracted; to shrink. "To draw into less room." Bacon.

9. To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with prepositions and adverbs; as, to draw away, to move off, esp. in racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to draw back, to retreat; to draw level, to move up even (with another); to come up to or overtake another; to draw off, to retire or retreat; to draw on, to advance; to draw up, to form in array; to draw near, nigh, or towards, to approach; to draw together, to come together, to collect.

10. To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited or due; -- usually with on or upon.

> You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey.

Jay.

11. To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught; as, a carriage draws easily.

12. To sink in water; to require a depth for floating. "Greater hulks draw deep." Shak.

To draw to a head. (a) (Med.) To begin to suppurate; to ripen, as a boil. (b) Fig.: To ripen, to approach the time for action; as, the plot draws to a head.

Draw, n. 1. The act of drawing; draught.

2. A lot or chance to be drawn.

3. A drawn game or battle, etc. [Colloq.]

4. That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. [U.S.]

Draw"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being drawn.

Draw"back` (?), n. 1. A loss of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature.

> The avarice of Henry VII . . . . must be deemed a drawback from the wisdom ascribed to him.

Hallam.

2. (Com.) Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied. M‘Culloch.

Draw"bar` (?), n. (Railroad) (a) An openmouthed bar at the end of a car, which receives a coupling link and pin by which the car is drawn. It is usually provided with a spring to give elasticity to the connection between the cars of a train. (b) A bar of iron with an eye at each end, or a heavy link, for coupling a locomotive to a tender or car.

Draw"bench` (?), n. (Med.) A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called drawing bench.

Draw"bolt` (?), n. (Engin.) A coupling pin. See under Coupling.

Draw"bore` (?), n. (Joinery) A hole bored through a tenon nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks are to the edge or abutment against which the shoulder is to rest, so that a pin or bolt, when driven into it, will draw these parts together. Weale.

Draw"bore`, v. t. 1. To make a drawbore in; as, to drawbore a tenon.

2. To enlarge the bore of a gun barrel by drawing, instead of thrusting, a revolving tool through it.

Draw"boy` (?), n. (Weaving) A boy who operates the harness cords of a hand loom; also, a part of power loom that performs the same office.

Draw"bridge` (?), n. A bridge of which either the whole or a part is made to be raised up, let down, or drawn or turned aside, to admit or hinder communication at pleasure, as before the gate of a town or castle, or over a navigable river or canal.

The movable portion, or draw, is called, specifically, a bascule, balance, or lifting bridge, a turning, swivel, or swing bridge, or a rolling bridge, according as it turns on a hinge vertically, or on a pivot horizontally, or is pushed on rollers.

Draw"can*sir (?), n. [From the name of a bullying braggart character in the play by George Villiers called "The Rehearsal."] A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully.

> The leader was of an ugly look and gigantic stature; he acted like a drawcansir, sparing neither friend nor foe.

Addison.

Draw"-cut` (?), n. A single cut with a knife.

Draw*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; -- the correlative of drawer.

Draw"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, draws; as: (a) One who draws liquor for guests; a waiter in a taproom. Shak. (b) One who delineates or depicts; a draughtsman; as, a good drawer. (c) (Law) One who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment; -- the correlative of drawee.

2. That which is drawn; as: (a) A sliding box or receptacle in a case, which is opened by pulling or drawing out, and closed by pushing in. (b) pl. An under-garment worn on the lower limbs.

Chest of drawers. See under Chest.

Draw"fil`ing (?), n. The process of smooth filing by working the file sidewise instead of lengthwise.

Draw"gear` (?), n. 1. A harness for draught horses.

2. (Railroad) The means or parts by which cars are connected to be drawn.

Draw"gloves` (?), n. pl. An old game, played by holding up the fingers. Herrick.

Draw"head` (?), n. (Railroad) The flanged outer end of a drawbar; also, a name applied to the drawgear.

Draw"ing, n. 1. The act of pulling, or attracting.

2. The act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades; especially, such a representation when in one color, or in tints used not to represent the colors of natural objects, but for effect only, and produced with hard material such as pencil, chalk, etc.; delineation; also, the figure or representation drawn.

3. The process of stretching or spreading metals as by hammering, or, as in forming wire from rods or tubes and cups from sheet metal, by pulling them through dies.

4. (Textile Manuf.) The process of pulling out and elongating the sliver from the carding machine, by revolving rollers, to prepare it for spinning.

5. The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery.

Drawing is used adjectively or as the first part of compounds in the sense of pertaining to drawing, for drawing (in the sense of pulling, and of pictorial representation); as, drawing master or drawing-master, drawing knife or drawing-knife, drawing machine, drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pen, drawing pencil, etc.

A drawing of tea, a small portion of tea for steeping. -- Drawing knife. See in the Vocabulary. -- Drawing paper (Fine Arts), a thick, sized paper for draughtsman and for water- color painting. -- Drawing slate, a soft, slaty substance used in crayon drawing; -- called also black chalk, or drawing chalk. -- Free-hand drawing, a style of drawing made without the use of guiding or measuring instruments, as distinguished from mechanical or geometrical drawing; also, a drawing thus executed.

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{ Draw"ing knife" (?), Draw"knife` (?) }, n. 1. A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also drawshave, and drawing shave.

2. (Carp.) A tool used for the purpose of making an incision along the path a saw is to follow, to prevent it from tearing the surface of the wood.

Draw"ing-room` (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. withdraw-ing-room.] 1. A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room to which company withdraws from the dining room.

2. The company assembled in such a room; also, a reception of company in it; as, to hold a drawing- room.

> He [Johnson] would amaze a drawing-room by suddenly ejaculating a clause of the Lord's Prayer.

Macaulay.

Drawing-room car. See Palace car, under Car.

Drawl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drawled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drawling.] [Prob. fr. draw: cf. D. dralen to linger, tarry, Icel. dralla to loiter. See Draw, and cf. Draggle.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone.

Drawl, v. i. To speak with slow and lingering utterance, from laziness, lack of spirit, affectation, etc.

> Theologians and moralists . . . talk mostly in a drawling and dreaming way about it.

Landor.

Drawl, n. A lengthened, slow monotonous utterance.

Draw"latch` (?), n. A housebreaker or thief. [Obs.] Old Play (1631).

Drawl"ing (?), n. The act of speaking with a drawl; a drawl. -- Drawl"ing*ly, adv. Bacon.

Draw"link` (?), n. Same as Drawbar (b).

Draw"loom` (?), n. 1. A kind of loom used in weaving figured patterns; -- called also drawboy.

2. A species of damask made on the drawloom.

Drawn (?), p. p. & a. See Draw, v. t. & i.

Drawn butter, butter melter and prepared to be used as a sort of gravy. -- Drawn fowl, an eviscerated fowl. -- Drawn game or battle, one in which neither party wins; one equally contested. -- Drawn fox, one driven from cover. Shak. -- Drawn work, ornamental work made by drawing out threads from fine cloth, and uniting the cross threads, to form a pattern.

Draw"net` (?), n. A net for catching the larger sorts of birds; also, a dragnet. Crabb.

Draw"plate` (?), n. A hardened steel plate having a hole, or a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated.

Draw"rod` (?), n. (Railroad) A rod which unites the drawgear at opposite ends of the car, and bears the pull required to draw the train.

Draw"shave` (?), n. See Drawing knife.

Draw"spring` (?), n. (Railroad) The spring to which a drawbar is attached.

Dray (?), n. A squirrel's nest. Cowper.

Dray, n. [AS. dræge a dragnet, fr. dragan. &?;&?;&?;&?;. See Draw, and cf. 2d Drag, 1st Dredge.] 1. A strong low cart or carriage used for heavy burdens. Addison.

2. A kind of sledge or sled. Halliwell.

Dray cart, a dray. -- Dray horse, a heavy, strong horse used in drawing a dray.

Dray"age (?), n. 1. Use of a dray.

2. The charge, or sum paid, for the use of a dray.

Dray"man (?), n.; pl. Draymen (&?;). A man who attends a dray.

Draz"el (?), n. [Cf. Dross, Drossel.] A slut; a vagabond wench. Same as Drossel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Dread (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dreaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dreading.] [AS. dr&?;dan, in comp.; akin to OS. drdan, OHG. trtan, both only in comp.] To fear in a great degree; to regard, or look forward to, with terrific apprehension.

> When at length the moment dreaded through so many years came close, the dark cloud passed away from Johnson's mind.

Macaulay.

Dread, v. i. To be in dread, or great fear.

> Dread not, neither be afraid of them.

Deut. i. 29.

Dread, n. 1. Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror.

> The secret dread of divine displeasure.

Tillotson.

> The dread of something after death.

Shak.

2. Reverential or respectful fear; awe.

> The fear of you, and the dread of you, shall be upon every beast of the earth.

Gen. ix. 2.

> His scepter shows the force of temporal power,
> The attribute to awe and majesty,
> Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings.

Shak.

3. An object of terrified apprehension.

4. A person highly revered. [Obs.] "Una, his dear dread." Spenser.

5. Fury; dreadfulness. [Obs.] Spenser.

6. Doubt; as, out of dread. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. -- Awe; fear; affright; terror; horror; dismay; apprehension. See Reverence.

Dread, a. 1. Exciting great fear or apprehension; causing terror; frightful; dreadful.

> A dread eternity! how surely mine.

Young.

2. Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; as, dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.

Dread"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of being dreaded.

Dread"-bolt`ed (?), a. Armed with dreaded bolts. "Dread-bolted thunder." [Poetic] Shak.

Dread"er (?), n. One who fears, or lives in fear.

Dread"ful (?), a. 1. Full of dread or terror; fearful. [Obs.] "With dreadful heart." Chaucer.

2. Inspiring dread; impressing great fear; fearful; terrible; as, a dreadful storm. " Dreadful gloom." Milton.

> For all things are less dreadful than they seem.

Wordsworth.

3. Inspiring awe or reverence; awful. [Obs.] "God's dreadful law." Shak.

Syn. -- Fearful; frightful; terrific; terrible; horrible; horrid; formidable; tremendous; awful; venerable. See Frightful.

Dread"ful*ly (?), adv. In a dreadful manner; terribly. Dryden.

Dread"ful*ness, n. The quality of being dreadful.

Dread"ing*ly, adv. With dread. Warner.

Dread"less, a. 1. Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; as, dreadless heart. "The dreadless angel." Milton.

2. Exempt from danger which causes dread; secure. " safe in his dreadless den." Spenser.

Dread"less, adv. Without doubt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dread"less*ness, n. Freedom from dread.

Dread"ly, a. Dreadful. [Obs.] "Dreadly spectacle." Spenser. -- adv. With dread. [Obs.] "Dreadly to shake." Sylvester (Du Bartas).

Dread"naught` (?), n. 1. A fearless person.

2. Hence: A garment made of very thick cloth, that can defend against storm and cold; also, the cloth itself; fearnaught.

Dream (drm), n. [Akin to OS. drm, D. droom, G. traum, Icel. draumr, Dan. & Sw. dröm; cf. G. trügen to deceive, Skr. druh to harm, hurt, try to hurt. AS. dreám joy, gladness, and OS. drm joy are, perh., different words; cf. Gr. qry^los noise.] 1. The thoughts, or series of thoughts, or imaginary transactions, which occupy the mind during sleep; a sleeping vision.

> Dreams are but interludes which fancy makes.

Dryden.

> I had a dream which was not all a dream.

Byron.

2. A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy; a vagary; a revery; -- in this sense, applied to an imaginary or anticipated state of happiness; as, a dream of bliss; the dream of his youth.

> There sober thought pursued the amusing theme,
> Till Fancy colored it and formed a dream.

Pope.

> It is not them a mere dream, but a very real aim which they propose.

J. C. Shairp.

Dream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dreamed (drmd) or Dreamt (drmt); p. pr. & vb. n. Dreaming.] [Cf. AS. drman, drman, to rejoice. See Dream, n.] 1. To have ideas or images in the mind while in the state of sleep; to experience sleeping visions; -- often with of; as, to dream of a battle, or of an absent friend.

2. To let the mind run on in idle revery or vagary; to anticipate vaguely as a coming and happy reality; to have a visionary notion or idea; to imagine.

> Here may we sit and dream
> Over the heavenly theme

. Keble.

> They dream on in a constant course of reading, but not digesting

. Locke.

Dream, v. t. To have a dream of; to see, or have a vision of, in sleep, or in idle fancy; -- often followed by an objective clause.

> Your old men shall dream dreams

. Acts ii. 17.

> At length in sleep their bodies they compose,
> And dreamt the future fight

. Dryden.

> And still they dream that they shall still succeed

. Cowper.

To dream away, out, through, etc., to pass in revery or inaction; to spend in idle vagaries; as, to dream away an hour; to dream through life. " Why does Antony dream out his hours?" Dryden.

Dream"er (?), n. 1. One who dreams.

2. A visionary; one lost in wild imaginations or vain schemes of some anticipated good; as, a political dreamer.

Dream"ful (?), a. Full of dreams. " Dreamful ease." Tennyson. -- Dream"ful*ly, adv.

Dream"i*ly (?), adv. As if in a dream; softly; slowly; languidly. Longfellow.

Dream"i*ness, n. The state of being dreamy.

Dream"ing*ly, adv. In a dreamy manner.

Dream"land` (?), n. An unreal, delightful country such as in sometimes pictured in dreams; region of fancies; fairyland.

> [He] builds a bridge from dreamland for his lay.

Lowell.

Dream"less, a. Free from, or without, dreams. Camden. -- Dream"less*ly, adv.

Dream"y (?), a. [Compar. Dreamier (?); superl. Dreamiest (?).] Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary. "The dreamy dells." Tennyson.

Drear (drr), a. [See Dreary.] Dismal; gloomy with solitude. "A drear and dying sound." Milton.

Drear, n. Sadness; dismalness. [Obs.] Spenser.

{ Drear"i*head (-*hd), Drear"i*hood (-*hd), } n. Affliction; dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*ly, adv. Gloomily; dismally.

Drear"i*ment (?), n. Dreariness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*ness, n. 1. Sorrow; wretchedness. [Obs.]

2. Dismalness; gloomy solitude.

Drear"ing, n. Sorrow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drear"i*some (-sm), a. Very dreary. Halliwell.

Drear"y (drr"), a. [Compar. Drearier (?); superl. Dreariest.] [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.] 1. Sorrowful; distressful. [Obs.] " Dreary shrieks." Spenser.

2. Exciting cheerless sensations, feelings, or associations; comfortless; dismal; gloomy. " Dreary shades." Dryden. "The dreary ground." Prior.

> Full many a dreary anxious hour.

Keble.

> Johnson entered on his vocation in the most dreary part of that dreary interval which separated two ages of prosperity.

Macaulay.

Drec"che (?), v. t. [AS. dreccan, dreccean.] 1. To vex; to torment; to trouble. [Obs.]

> As man that in his dream is drecched sore.

Chaucer.

Drec"che, v. i. To delay. [Obs.] Gower.

Dredge (drj), n. [F. drège, dreige, fish net, from a word akin to E. draw; cf. D. dreg, dregge, small anchor, dregnet dragnet. √73. See Draw.] 1. Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: (a) A dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. (b) A dredging machine. (c) An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea.

2. (Mining) Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water. Raymond.

Dredge (drj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dredged (drjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dredging.] To catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging machine. R. Carew.

Dredging machine, a machine (commonly on a boat) used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.

Dredge, n. [OE. dragge, F. dragée, dredge, also, sugar plum; cf. Prov. dragea, It. treggea; corrupted fr. LL. tragemata, pl., sweetmeats, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to gnaw.] A mixture of oats and barley. [Obs.] Kersey.

Dredge, v. t. To sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat. Beau. & Fl.

Dredging box. (a) Same as 2d Dredger. (b) (Gun.) A copper box with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell fuses. Farrow.

Dredg"er (?), n. 1. One who fishes with a dredge.

2. A dredging machine.

Dredg"er, n. (Cookery) A box with holes in its lid; -- used for sprinkling flour, as on meat or a breadboard; -- called also dredging box, drudger, and drudging box.

Dree (?), v. t. [AS. dreógan to bear, endure, complete.] To endure; to suffer. [Scot.]

Dree, v. i. To be able to do or endure. [Obs.]

Dree, a. Wearisome; tedious. [Prov. Eng.]

Dreg (?), n. [Prob. from Icel. dregg; akin to Sw. drägg, cf. Icel. & Sw. draga to draw. Cf. Draw.] Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment; hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; as, the dregs of society.

> We, the dregs and rubbish of mankind.

Dryden.

Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.

Dreg"gi*ness (?), n. Fullness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence.

Dreg"gish (?), a. Foul with lees; feculent. Harvey.

Dreg"gy (?), a. Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul; feculent. Boyle.

Drein (?), v. i. To drain. [Obs.] Congreve.

Drein"te (?), imp., Dreint (&?;), p. p. of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Dreis"se*na (?), n. [NL. Named after Dreyssen, a Belgian physician.] (Zoöl.) A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (D. polymorpha) is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of Europe.

Drench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drenching.] [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw. dränka, G. tränken. See Drink.] 1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic.

> As "to fell," is "to make to fall," and "to lay," to make to lie." so "to drench," is "to make to drink."

Trench.

2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.

> Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain;
> Their moisture has already drenched the plain.

Dryden.

Drench, n. [AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t.] A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging. "A drench of wine." Dryden.

> Give my roan horse a drench.

Shak.

Drench, n. [AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. drengr.] (O. Eng. Law) A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.] Burrill.

Drench"e (?), v. t. & i. To drown. [Obs.]

> In the sea he drenched.

Chaucer.

Drench"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, west or steeps.

2. One who administers a drench.

Dren"gage (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) The tenure by which a drench held land. [Obs.] Burrill.

Drent (?), p. p. [See Dreinte.] Drenched; drowned. [Obs.] "Condemned to be drent." Spenser.

Dres"den ware` (?). A superior kind of decorated porcelain made near Dresden in Saxony.

Dress (drs), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dressed (drst) or Drest; p. pr. & vb. n. Dressing.] [OF. drecier to make straight, raise, set up, prepare, arrange, F. dresser, (assumed) LL. directiare, fr. L. dirigere, directum, to direct; dis- + regere to rule. See Right, and cf. Address, Adroit, Direct, Dirge.] 1. To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order. [Obs.]

> At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to dress thy ways.

Chaucer.

Dress is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of "to direct one's step; to address one's self."

> To Grisild again will I me dresse.

Chaucer.

2. (Mil.) To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; as, to dress the ranks.

3. (Med.) To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased part.

4. To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: (a) To prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready; as, to dress a slain animal; to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress or trim a lamp; to dress a garden; to dress a horse, by currying and rubbing; to dress grain, by cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores, by sorting and separating them.

<! p. 454 !>

> And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it.

Gen. ii. 15.

> When he dresseth the lamps he shall burn incense.

Ex. xxx. 7.

> Three hundred horses . . . smoothly dressed.

Dryden.

> Dressing their hair with the white sea flower.

Tennyson.

> If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have dressed his censures in a kinder form.

Carlyle.

(b) To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish.

(c) To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich decorations; to clothe; to deck.

> Dressed myself in such humility.

Shak.

> Prove that ever Idress myself handsome till thy return.

Shak.

(d) To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal.

To dress up or out, to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. "You see very often a king of England or France dressed up like a Julius Cæsar." Addison. -- To dress a ship (Naut.), to ornament her by hoisting the national colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when dressed full, the signal flags and pennants are added. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn. -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim; deck; adorn; embellish.

Dress, v. i. 1. (Mil.) To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; -- the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, dress!

2. To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay particular regard to dress; as, to dress quickly. "To dress for a ball." Latham.

> To flaunt, to dress, to dance, to thrum.

Tennyson.

To dress to the right, To dress to the left, To dress on the center (Mil.), to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.

Dress, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; apparel. "In your soldier's dress." Shak.

2. A lady's gown; as, silk or a velvet dress.

3. Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it.

> Men of pleasure, dress, and gallantry.

Pope.

4. (Milling) The system of furrows on the face of a millstone. Knight.

Dress circle. See under Circle. -- Dress parade (Mil.), a parade in full uniform for review.

Dress" coat` (?). A coat with skirts behind only, as distinct from the frock coat, of which the skirts surround the body. It is worn on occasions of ceremony. The dress coat of officers of the United States army is a full-skirted frock coat.

Dress"er (?), n. 1. One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one who on clothes or ornaments.

2. (Mining) A kind of pick for shaping large coal.

3. An assistant in a hospital, whose office it is to dress wounds, sores, etc.

4. [F. dressoir. See Dress, v. t.] (a) A table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed, or prepared for use. (b) A cupboard or set of shelves to receive dishes and cooking utensils.

> The pewter plates on the dresser
> Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine.

Longfellow.

Dress" goods" (?). A term applied to fabrics for the gowns of women and girls; -- most commonly to fabrics of mixed materials, but also applicable to silks, printed linens, and calicoes.

Dress"i*ness (?), n. The state of being dressy.

Dress"ing, n. 1. Dress; raiment; especially, ornamental habiliment or attire. B. Jonson.

2. (Surg.) An application (a remedy, bandage, etc.) to a sore or wound. Wiseman.

3. Manure or compost over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a top-dressing.

4. (Cookery) (a) A preparation to fit food for use; a condiment; as, a dressing for salad. (b) The stuffing of fowls, pigs, etc.; forcemeat.

5. Gum, starch, and the like, used in stiffening or finishing silk, linen, and other fabrics.

6. An ornamental finish, as a molding around doors, windows, or on a ceiling, etc.

7. Castigation; scolding; -- often with down. [Colloq.]

Dressing case, a case of toilet utensils. -- Dressing forceps, a variety of forceps, shaped like a pair of scissors, used in dressing wounds. -- Dressing gown, a light gown, such as is used by a person while dressing; a study gown. -- Dressing room, an apartment appropriated for making one's toilet. -- Dressing table, a table at which a person may dress, and on which articles for the toilet stand. -- Top-dressing, manure or compost spread over land and not worked into the soil.

Dress"mak`er (?), n. A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.

Dress"mak`ing, n. The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.

Dress"y (?), a. Showy in dress; attentive to dress.

> A dressy flaunting maidservant.

T. Hook.

> A neat, dressy gentleman in black.

W. Irving.

Drest (?), p. p. of Dress.

Dretch (?), v. t. & i. See Drecche. [Obs.]

Dreul (?), v. i. To drool. [Obs.]

Drev"il (?), n. A fool; a drudge. See Drivel.

Drew (?), imp. of Draw.

Drey (?), n. A squirrel's nest. See Dray. [Obs.]

Dreye (?), a. Dry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dreyn"te (?), imp., Dreynt (&?;), p. p., of Drench to drown. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drib (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dribbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing.] [Cf. Drip.] To do by little and little; as: (a) To cut off by a little at a time; to crop. (b) To appropriate unlawfully; to filch; to defalcate.

> He who drives their bargain dribs a part.

Dryden.

(c) To lead along step by step; to entice.

> With daily lies she dribs thee into cost.

Dryden.

Drib (?), v. t. & i. (Archery) To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Drib, n. A drop. [Obs.] Swift.

Drib"ber (?), n. One who dribs; one who shoots weakly or badly. [Obs.] Ascham.

Drib"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dribbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dribbing (?).] [Freq. of drib, which is a variant of drip.] 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; as, water dribbles from the eaves.

2. To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel.

3. To fall weakly and slowly. [Obs.] "The dribbling dart of love." Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2). [Perhaps an error for dribbing.]

Drib"ble, v. t. To let fall in drops.

> Let the cook . . . dribble it all the way upstairs.

Swift.

Drib"ble, n. A drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops. [Colloq.]

Drib"bler (?), n. One who dribbles.

{ Drib"blet (?), Drib"let (?), } n. [From Dribble.] A small piece or part; a small sum; a small quantity of money in making up a sum; as, the money was paid in dribblets.

> When made up in dribblets, as they could, their best securities were at an interest of twelve per cent.

Burke.

Drie (?), v. t. [See Dree.] To endure. [Obs.]

> So causeless such drede for to drie.

Chaucer.

Dried (drd), imp. & p. p. of Dry. Also adj.; as, dried apples.

Dri"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative; as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.

2. (Paint.) Drying oil; a substance mingled with the oil used in oil painting to make it dry quickly.

Dri"er, compar., Dri"est, superl., of Dry, a.

Drift (?), n. [From drive; akin to LG. & D. drift a driving, Icel. drift snowdrift, Dan. drift, impulse, drove, herd, pasture, common, G. trift pasturage, drove. See Drive.] 1. A driving; a violent movement.

> The dragon drew him [self] away with drift of his wings.

King Alisaunder (1332).

2. The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.

> A bad man, being under the drift of any passion, will follow the impulse of it till something interpose.

South.

3. Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting. "Our drift was south." Hakluyt.

4. The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.

> He has made the drift of the whole poem a compliment on his country in general.

Addison.

> Now thou knowest my drift.

Sir W. Scott.

5. That which is driven, forced, or urged along; as: (a) Anything driven at random. "Some log . . . a useless drift." Dryden. (b) A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., esp. by wind or water; as, a drift of snow, of ice, of sand, and the like.

> Drifts of rising dust involve the sky.

Pope.

> We got the brig a good bed in the rushing drift [of ice].

Kane.

(c) A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds. [Obs.]

> Cattle coming over the bridge (with their great drift doing much damage to the high ways).

Fuller.

6. (Arch.) The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments. [R.] Knight.

7. (Geol.) A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the agency of ice.

8. In South Africa, a ford in a river.

9. (Mech.) A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a broach.

10. (Mil.) (a) A tool used in driving down compactly the composition contained in a rocket, or like firework. (b) A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to oblong projectiles.

11. (Mining) A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel.

12. (Naut.) (a) The distance through which a current flows in a given time. (b) The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting. (c) The distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes. (d) The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or driftpiece. (e) The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.

13. The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.

Drift is used also either adjectively or as the first part of a compound. See Drift, a.

Drift of the forest (O. Eng. Law), an examination or view of the cattle in a forest, in order to see whose they are, whether they are commonable, and to determine whether or not the forest is surcharged. Burrill.

Drift, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Drifting.] 1. To float or be driven along by, or as by, a current of water or air; as, the ship drifted astern; a raft drifted ashore; the balloon drifts slowly east.

> We drifted o'er the harbor bar.

Coleridge.

2. To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps; as, snow or sand drifts.

3. (mining) to make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to prospect. [U.S.]

Drift (?), v. t. 1. To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body. J. H. Newman.

2. To drive into heaps; as, a current of wind drifts snow or sand.

3. (Mach.) To enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift.

Drift, a. That causes drifting or that is drifted; movable by wind or currents; as, drift currents; drift ice; drift mud. Kane.

Drift anchor. See Sea anchor, and also Drag sail, under Drag, n. - - Drift epoch (Geol.), the glacial epoch. -- Drift net, a kind of fishing net. -- Drift sail. Same as Drag sail. See under Drag, n.

Drift"age (?), n. 1. Deviation from a ship's course due to leeway.

2. Anything that drifts.

Drift"bolt` (?), n. A bolt for driving out other bolts.

Drift"less, a. Having no drift or direction; without aim; purposeless.

Drift"piece" (?), n. (Shipbuilding) An upright or curved piece of timber connecting the plank sheer with the gunwale; also, a scroll terminating a rail.

Drift"pin` (?), n. (Mech.) A smooth drift. See Drift, n., 9.

Drift"way` (?), n. 1. A common way, road, or path, for driving cattle. Cowell. Burrill.

2. (Mining) Same as Drift, 11.

Drift"weed` (?), n. Seaweed drifted to the shore by the wind. Darwin.

Drift"wind` (?), n. A driving wind; a wind that drives snow, sand, etc., into heaps. Beau. & Fl.

Drift"wood` (?), n. 1. Wood drifted or floated by water.

2. Fig.: Whatever is drifting or floating as on water.

> The current of humanity, with its heavy proportion of very useless driftwood.

New Your Times.

Drift"y (?), a. Full of drifts; tending to form drifts, as snow, and the like.

Drill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drilling.] [D. drillen to bore, drill (soldiers); probably akin to AS. pyrlian, pyrelian, to pierce. See Thrill.] 1. To pierce or bore with a drill, or a with a drill; to perforate; as, to drill a hole into a rock; to drill a piece of metal.

2. To train in the military art; to exercise diligently, as soldiers, in military evolutions and exercises; hence, to instruct thoroughly in the rudiments of any art or branch of knowledge; to discipline.

> He [Frederic the Great] drilled his people, as he drilled his grenadiers.

Macaulay.

Drill, v. i. To practice an exercise or exercises; to train one's self.

Drill, n. 1. An instrument with an edged or pointed end used for making holes in hard substances; strictly, a tool that cuts with its end, by revolving, as in drilling metals, or by a succession of blows, as in drilling stone; also, a drill press.

2. (Mil.) The act or exercise of training soldiers in the military art, as in the manual of arms, in the execution of evolutions, and the like; hence, diligent and strict instruction and exercise in the rudiments and methods of any business; a kind or method of military exercises; as, infantry drill; battalion drill; artillery drill.

3. Any exercise, physical or mental, enforced with regularity and by constant repetition; as, a severe drill in Latin grammar.

4. (Zoöl.) A marine gastropod, of several species, which kills oysters and other bivalves by drilling holes through the shell. The most destructive kind is Urosalpinx cinerea.

Bow drill, Breast drill. See under Bow, Breast. -- Cotter drill, or Traverse drill, a machine tool for drilling slots. -- Diamond drill. See under Diamond. -- Drill jig. See under Jig. -- Drill pin, the pin in a lock which enters the hollow stem of the key. - - Drill sergeant (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer whose office it is to instruct soldiers as to their duties, and to train them to military exercises and evolutions. -- Vertical drill, a drill press.

Drill, v. t. [Cf. Trill to trickle, Trickle, Dribble, and W. rhillio to put in a row, drill.] 1. To cause to flow in drills or rills or by trickling; to drain by trickling; as, waters drilled through a sandy stratum. [R.] Thomson.

2. To sow, as seeds, by dribbling them along a furrow or in a row, like a trickling rill of water.

3. To entice; to allure from step; to decoy; -- with on. [Obs.]

> See drilled him on to five-fifty.

Addison.

4. To cause to slip or waste away by degrees. [Obs.]

> This accident hath drilled away the whole summer.

Swift.

Drill, v. i. 1. To trickle. [Obs. or R.] Sandys.

2. To sow in drills.

Drill, n. 1. A small trickling stream; a rill. [Obs.]

> Springs through the pleasant meadows pour their drills.

Sandys.

2. (Agr.) (a) An implement for making holes for sowing seed, and sometimes so formed as to contain seeds and drop them into the hole made. (b) A light furrow or channel made to put seed into sowing. (c) A row of seed sown in a furrow.

<! p. 455 !>

Drill is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, drill barrow or drill-barrow; drill husbandry; drill plow or drill-plow.

Drill barrow, a wheeled implement for planting seed in drills. -- Drill bow, a small bow used for the purpose of rapidly turning a drill around which the bowstring takes a turn. -- Drill harrow, a harrow used for stirring the ground between rows, or drills. -- Drill plow, or Drill plough, a sort plow for sowing grain in drills.

Drill (?), n. [Cf. Mandrill.] (Zoöl.) A large African baboon (Cynocephalus leucophæus).

Drill, n. [Usually in pl.] (Manuf.) Same as Drilling.

Imperial drill, a linen fabric having two threads in the warp and three in the filling.

Drill"er (?), n. One who, or that which, drills.

Drill"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing with a drill.

2. A training by repeated exercises.

Drill"ing, n. The act of using a drill in sowing seeds.

Drill"ing, n. [G. drillich, fr. L. trilix having three threads, fr. the of tres three + licium a thread of the warm. See Three, and cf. Twill.] (Manuf.) A heavy, twilled fabric of linen or cotton.

Drill"mas`ter (?), n. One who teaches drill, especially in the way of gymnastics. Macaulay.

Drill" press` . A machine for drilling holes in metal, the drill being pressed to the metal by the action of a screw.

Drill"stock` (?), n. (Mech.) A contrivance for holding and turning a drill. Knight.

Dri"ly (?), adv. See Dryly. Thackeray.

||Dri"mys (dr"ms), n. [NL., fr. Gr. drimy`s sharp, acrid.] (Bot.) A genus of magnoliaceous trees. Drimys aromatica furnishes Winter's bark.

Drink (drk), v. i. [imp. Drank (drk), formerly Drunk (drk); & p. p. Drunk, Drunken (-'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Drinking. Drunken is now rarely used, except as a verbal adj. in sense of habitually intoxicated; the form drank, not infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.] [AS. drincan; akin to OS. drinkan, D. drinken, G. trinken, Icel. drekka, Sw. dricka, Dan. drikke, Goth. drigkan. Cf. Drench, Drunken, Drown.] 1. To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose; to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst; as, to drink from a spring.

> Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink.

Luke xvii. 8.

> He shall drink of the wrath the Almighty.

Job xxi. 20.

> Drink of the cup that can not cloy.

Keble.

2. To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the &?;se of intoxicating or spirituous liquors; to tipple. Pope.

> And they drank, and were merry with him.

Gem. xliii. 34.

> Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had drunk freely.

Thackeray.

To drink to, to salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of taking the cup; to pledge in drinking.

> I drink to the general joy of the whole table,
> And to our dear friend Banquo.

Shak.

Drink, v. t. 1. To swallow (a liquid); to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; to imbibe; as, to drink milk or water.

> There lies she with the blessed gods in bliss,
> There drinks the nectar with ambrosia mixed.

Spenser.

> The bowl of punch which was brewed and drunk in Mrs. Betty's room.

Thackeray.

2. To take in (a liquid), in any manner; to suck up; to absorb; to imbibe.

> And let the purple violets drink the stream.

Dryden.

3. To take in; to receive within one, through the senses; to inhale; to hear; to see.

> To drink the cooler air,

Tennyson.

> My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words
> Of that tongue's utterance.

Shak.

> Let me . . . drink delicious poison from thy eye.

Pope.

4. To smoke, as tobacco. [Obs.]

> And some men now live ninety years and past,
> Who never drank to tobacco first nor last.

Taylor (1630.)

To drink down, to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to drink down unkindness. Shak. -- To drink in, to take into one's self by drinking, or as by drinking; to receive and appropriate as in satisfaction of thirst. "Song was the form of literature which he [Burns] had drunk in from his cradle." J. C. Shairp. -- To drink off or up, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink off a cup of cordial. -- To drink the health of, or To drink to the health of, to drink while expressing good wishes for the health or welfare of.

Drink, n. 1. Liquid to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach for quenching thirst or for other purposes, as water, coffee, or decoctions.

> Give me some drink, Titinius.

Shak.

2. Specifically, intoxicating liquor; as, when drink is on, wit is out.

Drink money, or Drink penny, an allowance, or perquisite, given to buy drink; a gratuity. -- Drink offering (Script.), an offering of wine, etc., in the Jewish religious service. -- In drink, drunk. "The poor monster's in drink." Shak. -- Strong drink, intoxicating liquor; esp., liquor containing a large proportion of alcohol. " Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging." Prov. xx. 1.

Drink"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being drunk; suitable for drink; potable. Macaulay. Also used substantively, esp. in the plural. Steele.

Drink"a*ble*ness, n. State of being drinkable.

Drink"er (?), n. One who drinks; as, the effects of tea on the drinker; also, one who drinks spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard.

Drinker moth (Zoöl.), a large British moth (Odonestis potatoria).

Drink"ing, n. 1. The act of one who drinks; the act of imbibing.

2. The practice of partaking to excess of intoxicating liquors.

3. An entertainment with liquors; a carousal.

Drinking is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, a drinking song, drinking cup, drinking glass, drinking house, etc.

Drinking horn, a drinking vessel made of a horn.

Drink"less, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer.

Drip (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dripped (?) or Dript; p. pr. & vb. n. Dripping.] [Akin to LG. drippen, Dan. dryppe, from a noun. See Drop.] 1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves.

2. To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; as, a wet garment drips.

> The dark round of the dripping wheel.

Tennyson.

Drip, v. t. To let fall in drops.

> Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain.

Swift.

Drip, n. 1. A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips, or falls in drops.

> The light drip of the suspended oar.

Byron.

2. (Arch.) That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to throw off the rain water.

Right of drip (Law), an easement or servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from his house fall on the land of his neighbor.

Drip"ping, n. 1. A falling in drops, or the sound so made.

2. That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting.

Dripping pan, a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.

Drip"ple (?), a. [From Drip, cf. Dribble.] Weak or rare. [Obs.]

Drip"stone` (?), n. (Arch.) A drip, when made of stone. See Drip, 2.

Drive (drv), v. t. [imp. Drove (drv), formerly Drave (drv); p. p. Driven (drv'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Driving.] [AS. drfan; akin to OS. drban, D. drijven, OHG. trban, G. treiben, Icel. drfa, Goth. dreiban. Cf. Drift, Drove.] 1. To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to communicate motion to; as, to drive cattle; to drive a nail; smoke drives persons from a room.

> A storm came on and drove them into Pylos.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

> Shield pressed on shield, and man drove man along.

Pope.

> Go drive the deer and drag the finny prey.

Pope.

2. To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; as, to drive a pair of horses or a stage; to drive a person to his own door.

> How . . . proud he was to drive such a brother!

Thackeray.

3. To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge, press, or bring to a point or state; as, to drive a person by necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and the like. " Enough to drive one mad." Tennyson.

> He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his.

Sir P. Sidney.

4. To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now used only colloquially.] Bacon.

> The trade of life can not be driven without partners.

Collier.

5. To clear, by forcing away what is contained.

> To drive the country, force the swains away.

Dryden.

6. (Mining) To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel. Tomlinson.

7. To pass away; -- said of time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is the reverse of to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according to the objects by which it is followed; as, to drive an engine, to direct and regulate its motions; to drive logs, to keep them in the current of a river and direct them in their course; to drive feathers or down, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air, drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves. "My thrice-driven bed of down." Shak.

Drive, v. i. 1. To rush and press with violence; to move furiously.

> Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails.

Dryden.

> Under cover of the night and a driving tempest.

Prescott.

> Time driveth onward fast,
> And in a little while our lips are dumb.

Tennyson.

2. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; to be driven.

> The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn.

Byron.

> The chaise drives to Mr. Draper's chambers.

Thackeray.

3. To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; as, the coachman drove to my door.

4. To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort; to strive; -- usually with at.

> Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he drove at.

South.

5. To distrain for rent. [Obs.]

To let drive, to aim a blow; to strike with force; to attack. "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me." Shak.

Drive (drv), p. p. Driven. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drive (drv), n. 1. The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on horseback.

2. A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced or hurried dispatch of business.

> The Murdstonian drive in business.

M. Arnold.

4. In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a punch drift.

5. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- See Ride.

Drive"bolt` (?), n. A drift; a tool for setting bolts home.

Driv"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Driveled (?) or Drivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Driveling or Drivelling.] [Cf. OE. dravelen, drabelen, drevelen, drivelen, to slaver, and E. drabble. Cf. Drool.] 1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard.

2. [Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. drafa to talk thick.] To be weak or foolish; to dote; as, a driveling hero; driveling love. Shak. Dryden.

Driv"el, n. 1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.

2. Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble.

3. A driveler; a fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

4. A servant; a drudge. [Obs.] Huloet.

Driv"el*er (?), n. A slaverer; a slabberer; an idiot; a fool. [Written also driveller.]

Driv"en (?), p. p. of Drive. Also adj.

Driven well, a well made by driving a tube into the earth to an aqueous stratum; -- called also drive well.

Drive"pipe` (?), n. A pipe for forcing into the earth.

Driv"er (?), n. [From Drive.] 1. One who, or that which, drives; the person or thing that urges or compels anything else to move onward.

2. The person who drives beasts or a carriage; a coachman; a charioteer, etc.; hence, also, one who controls the movements of a locomotive.

3. An overseer of a gang of slaves or gang of convicts at their work.

4. (Mach.) A part that transmits motion to another part by contact with it, or through an intermediate relatively movable part, as a gear which drives another, or a lever which moves another through a link, etc. Specifically:

(a) The driving wheel of a locomotive. (b) An attachment to a lathe, spindle, or face plate to turn a carrier. (c) A crossbar on a grinding mill spindle to drive the upper stone.

5. (Naut.) The after sail in a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a gaff; a spanker. Totten.

Driver ant (Zoöl.), a species of African stinging ant; one of the visiting ants (Anomma arcens); -- so called because they move about in vast armies, and drive away or devour all insects and other small animals.

Drive"way` (&?;), n. A passage or way along or through which a carriage may be driven.

Driv"ing, a. 1. Having great force of impulse; as, a driving wind or storm.

2. Communicating force; impelling; as, a driving shaft.

Driving axle, the axle of a driving wheel, as in a locomotive. -- Driving box (Locomotive), the journal box of a driving axle. See Illust. of Locomotive. -- Driving note (Mus.), a syncopated note; a tone begun on a weak part of a measure and held through the next accented part, thus anticipating the accent and driving it through. -- Driving spring, a spring fixed upon the box of the driving axle of a locomotive engine to support the weight and deaden shocks. [Eng.] Weale. -- Driving wheel (Mach.), a wheel that communicates motion; one of the large wheels of a locomotive to which the connecting rods of the engine are attached; -- called also, simply, driver. See Illust. of Locomotive.

Driv"ing, n. 1. The act of forcing or urging something along; the act of pressing or moving on furiously.

2. Tendency; drift. [R.]

Driz"zle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drizzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drizzling (?).] [Prop. freq. of AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.] To rain slightly in very small drops; to fall, as water from the clouds, slowly and in fine particles; as, it drizzles; drizzling drops or rain. "Drizzling tears." Spenser.

Driz"zle, v. t. To shed slowly in minute drops or particles. "The air doth drizzle dew." Shak.

Driz"zle, n. Fine rain or mist. Halliwell.

Driz"zly (?), a. Characterized by small rain, or snow; moist and disagreeable. "Winter's drizzly reign." Dryden.

Drock (?), n. A water course. [Prov. Eng.]

{ Drof"land (?), Dryf"land (?) }, n. [See Drove.] (Law) An ancient yearly payment made by some tenants to the king, or to their landlords, for the privilege of driving their cattle through a manor to fairs or markets. Cowell.

Dro"gher (?), n. [Cf. Drag.] A small craft used in the West India Islands to take off sugars, rum, etc., to the merchantmen; also, a vessel for transporting lumber, cotton, etc., coastwise; as, a lumber drogher. [Written also droger.] Ham. Nar. Encyc.

<! p. 456 !>

{ Drog"man (?), Drog"o*man (?) }, n. See Dragoman.

Drogue (?), n. (Naut.) See Drag, n., 6, and Drag sail, under Drag, n.

Droh (?), imp. of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Droil (?), v. i. [D. druilen to mope.] To work sluggishly or slowly; to plod. [Obs.]

Droil, n. [D. druil sluggard. Cf. Droll.] 1. A drudge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Mean labor; toil.[Obs.]

Droit (?), n. [F. See Direct.] A right; law in its aspect of the foundation of rights; also, in old law, the writ of right. Abbott.

||Droit d'aubaine. See under Aubaine. -- Droits of the Admiralty (Eng. Law), rights or perquisites of the Admiralty, arising from seizure of an enemy's ships in port on the breaking out of war, or those coming into port in ignorance of hostilities existing, or from such ships as are taken by noncommissioned captors; also, the proceeds of wrecks, and derelict property at sea. The droits of admiralty are now paid into the Exchequer for the public benefit.

Droi"tu*ral (?), a. (O. Eng. Law) relating to the mere right of property, as distinguished from the right of possession; as, droitural actions. [Obs.] Burrill.

||Droitzsch"ka (?), n. See Drosky.

Droll (?), a. [Compar. Droller (?); superl. Drollest (?).] [F. drôle; cf. G. & D. drollig, LG. drullig, D. drol a thick and short person, a droll, Sw. troll a magical appearance, demon, trolla to use magic arts, enchant, Dan. trold elf, imp, Icel. tröll giant, magician, evil spirit, monster. If this is the origin, cf. Trull.] Queer, and fitted to provoke laughter; ludicrous from oddity; amusing and strange.

Syn. -- Comic; comical; farcical; diverting; humorous; ridiculous; queer; odd; waggish; facetious; merry; laughable; ludicrous. -- Droll, Laughable, Comical. Laughable is the generic term, denoting anything exciting laughter or worthy of laughter; comical denotes something of the kind exhibited in comedies, something humorous of the kind exhibited in comedies, something, as it were, dramatically humorous; droll stands lower on the scale, having reference to persons or things which excite laughter by their buffoonery or oddity. A laughable incident; a comical adventure; a droll story.

Droll, n. 1. One whose practice it is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon; a merry-andrew. Prior.

2. Something exhibited to raise mirth or sport, as a puppet, a farce, and the like.

Droll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drolling.] To jest; to play the buffoon. [R.]

Droll, v. t. 1. To lead or influence by jest or trick; to banter or jest; to cajole.

> Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, may yet be laughed or drolled into them.

L'Estrange.

2. To make a jest of; to set in a comical light. [R.]

> This drolling everything is rather fatiguing.

W. D. Howells.

Droll"er, n. A jester; a droll. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Droll"er*y (?), n.; pl. Drolleries (#). [F. drôlerie. See Droll.] 1. The quality of being droll; sportive tricks; buffoonery; droll stories; comical gestures or manners.

> The rich drollery of "She Stoops to Conquer."

Macaulay.

2. Something which serves to raise mirth; as: (a) A puppet show; also, a puppet. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A lively or comic picture. [Obs.]

> I bought an excellent drollery, which I afterward parted with to my brother George of Wotton.

Evelyn.

Droll"ing*ly, adv. In a jesting manner.

Droll"ish, a. Somewhat droll. Sterne.

Droll"ist, n. A droll. [R.] Glanvill.

Dro`mæ*og"na*thous (?), a. [NL. dromaius emu + Gr. &?; jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the structure of the palate like that of the ostrich and emu.

||Drom`a*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. droma`s running + qhri`on beast. See Dromedary.] (Paleon.) A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the earliest yet found in America.

Drome (drm), n. [F., fr. Gr. droma`s running. See Dromedary.] (Zoöl.) The crab plover (Dromas ardeola), a peculiar North African bird, allied to the oyster catcher.

Drom"e*da*ry (drm"*d*r), n.; pl. Dromedaries (#). [F. dromadaire, LL. dromedarius, fr. L. dromas (sc. camelus), fr. Gr. droma`s running, from dramei`n, used as aor. of tre`chein to run; cf. Skr. dram to run.] (Zoöl.) The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), having one hump or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two humps.

In Arabia and Egypt the name is restricted to the better breeds of this species of camel. See Deloul.

{ Drom"ond (?), or Drom"on (?) }. [OF. dromont, L. dromo, fr. Gr. dro`mwn light vessel, prob. fr. dramei^n to run. See Dromedary.] In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a large, swift war vessel. [Hist. or Archaic] Fuller.

> The great dromond swinging from the quay.

W. Morris.

Drone (?), n. [OE. drane a dronebee, AS. drn; akin to OS. drn, OHG. treno, G. drohne, Dan. drone, cf. Gr. &?; a kind of wasp, dial. Gr. &?; drone. Prob. named fr. the droning sound. See Drone, v. i.] 1. (Zoöl.) The male of bees, esp. of the honeybee. It gathers no honey. See Honeybee.

> All with united force combine to drive
> The lazy drones from the laborious hive.

Dryden.

2. One who lives on the labors of others; a lazy, idle fellow; a sluggard.

> By living as a drone,to be an unprofitable and unworthy member of so noble and learned a society.

Burton.

3. That which gives out a grave or monotonous tone or dull sound; as: (a) A drum. [Obs.] Halliwell. (b) The part of the bagpipe containing the two lowest tubes, which always sound the key note and the fifth.

4. A humming or deep murmuring sound.

> The monotonous drone of the wheel.

Longfellow.

5. (Mus.) A monotonous bass, as in a pastoral composition.

Drone (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Droned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Droning.] [Cf. (for sense 1) D. dreunen, G. dröhnen, Icel. drynja to roar, drynr a roaring, Sw. dröna to bellow, drone, Dan. dröne, Goth. drunjus sound, Gr. &?; dirge, &?; to cry aloud, Skr. dhran to sound. Cf. Drone, n.] 1. To utter or make a low, dull, monotonous, humming or murmuring sound.

> Where the beetle wheels his droning flight.

T. Gray.

2. To love in idleness; to do nothing. "Race of droning kings." Dryden.

Drone" bee` (?). (Zoöl.) The male of the honeybee; a drone.

Drone" fly` (?). (Zoöl.) A dipterous insect (Eristalis tenax), resembling the drone bee. See Eristalis.

Drone"pipe`, n. One of the low- toned tubes of a bagpipe.

Dron"go (?), n.; pl. Drongos (&?;). (Zoöl.) A passerine bird of the family Dicruridæ. They are usually black with a deeply forked tail. They are natives of Asia, Africa, and Australia; -- called also drongo shrikes.

Dron"ish (?), a. Like a drone; indolent; slow. Burke. -- Dron"ish*ly, adv. -- Dron"ish*ness, n.

Dron"ke*lewe (?), a. [See Drink.] Given to drink; drunken. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Dron"te (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The dodo.

Dron"y (?), a. Like a drone; sluggish; lazy.

Drool (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drooling.] [Contr. fr. drivel.] To drivel, or drop saliva; as, the child drools.

> His mouth drooling with texts.

T. Parker.

Droop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drooping.] [Icel. dr&?;pa; akin to E. drop. See Drop.] 1. To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of nourishment, or the like. "The purple flowers droop." "Above her drooped a lamp." Tennyson.

> I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to droop and languish.

Swift.

2. To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes; to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; as, her spirits drooped.

> I'll animate the soldier's drooping courage.

Addison.

3. To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline. "Then day drooped." Tennyson.

Droop, v. t. To let droop or sink. [R.] M. Arnold.

> Like to a withered vine
> That droops his sapless branches to the ground.

Shak.

Droop, n. A drooping; as, a droop of the eye.

Droop"er (?), n. One who, or that which, droops.

Droop"ing*ly, adv. In a drooping manner.

Drop (?), n. [OE. drope, AS. dropa; akin to OS. dropo, D. drop, OHG. tropo, G. tropfen, Icel. dropi, Sw. droppe; and Fr. AS. dreópan to drip, drop; akin to OS. driopan, D. druipen, OHG. triofan, G. triefen, Icel. drj&?;pa. Cf. Drip, Droop.] 1. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; a liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; a small quantity; as, a drop of water.

> With minute drops from off the eaves.

Milton.

> As dear to me as are the ruddy drops
> That visit my sad heart.

Shak.

> That drop of peace divine.

Keble.

2. That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid drop; as a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass pendant on a chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes medicated), or a kind of shot or slug.

3. (Arch.) (a) Same as Gutta. (b) Any small pendent ornament.

4. Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an elevated position; also, a contrivance for lowering something; as: (a) A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that part of the gallows on which a culprit stands when he is to be hanged; hence, the gallows itself. (b) A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages, coal wagons, etc., to a ship's deck. (c) A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet. (d) A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage of a theater, etc. (e) A drop press or drop hammer. (f) (Mach.) The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger.

5. pl. Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops; as, lavender drops.

6. (Naut.) The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied to the courses only. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

7. Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent.

Ague drop, Black drop. See under Ague, Black. -- Drop by drop, in small successive quantities; in repeated portions. "Made to taste drop by drop more than the bitterness of death." Burke. -- Drop curtain. See Drop, n., 4. (d). -- Drop forging. (Mech.) (a) A forging made in dies by a drop hammer. (b) The process of making drop forgings. -- Drop hammer (Mech.), a hammer for forging, striking up metal, etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar device, and then released to drop on the metal resting on an anvil or die. -- Drop kick (Football), a kick given to the ball as it rebounds after having been dropped from the hands. -- Drop lake, a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. Mollett. -- Drop letter, a letter to be delivered from the same office where posted. -- Drop press (Mech.), a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead- stroke hammer; -- also called drop. -- Drop scene, a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See Drop, n., 4. (d). -- Drop seed. (Bot.) See the List under Glass. -- Drop serene. (Med.) See Amaurosis.

Drop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dropped (?) or Dropt; p. pr. & vb. n. Dropping.] [OE. droppen, AS. dropan, v. i. See Drop, n.] 1. To pour or let fall in drops; to pour in small globules; to distill. "The trees drop balsam." Creech.

> The recording angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever.

Sterne.

2. To cause to fall in one portion, or by one motion, like a drop; to let fall; as, to drop a line in fishing; to drop a courtesy.

3. To let go; to dismiss; to set aside; to have done with; to discontinue; to forsake; to give up; to omit.

> They suddenly drop't the pursuit.

S. Sharp.

> That astonishing ease with which fine ladies drop you and pick you up again.

Thackeray.

> The connection had been dropped many years.

Sir W. Scott.

> Dropping the too rough H in Hell and Heaven.

Tennyson.

4. To bestow or communicate by a suggestion; to let fall in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; as, to drop hint, a word of counsel, etc.

5. To lower, as a curtain, or the muzzle of a gun, etc.

6. To send, as a letter; as, please drop me a line, a letter, word.

7. To give birth to; as, to drop a lamb.

8. To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop.

> Show to the sun their waved coats dropped with gold.

Milton.

To drop a vessel (Naut.), to leave it astern in a race or a chase; to outsail it.

Drop, v. i. 1. To fall in drops.

> The kindly dew drops from the higher tree,
> And wets the little plants that lowly dwell.

Spenser.

2. To fall, in general, literally or figuratively; as, ripe fruit drops from a tree; wise words drop from the lips.

> Mutilations of which the meaning has dropped out of memory.

H. Spencer.

> When the sound of dropping nuts is heard.

Bryant.

3. To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.

> The heavens . . . dropped at the presence of God.

Ps. lxviii. 8.

4. To fall dead, or to fall in death.

> Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our own death, as the prospect of one friend after another dropping round us.

Digby.

5. To come to an end; to cease; to pass out of mind; as, the affair dropped. Pope.

6. To come unexpectedly; -- with in or into; as, my old friend dropped in a moment. Steele.

> Takes care to drop in when he thinks you are just seated.

Spectator.

7. To fall or be depressed; to lower; as, the point of the spear dropped a little.

8. To fall short of a mark. [R.]

> Often it drops or overshoots by the disproportion of distance.

Collier.

9. To be deep in extent; to descend perpendicularly; as, her main topsail drops seventeen yards.

To drop astern (Naut.), to go astern of another vessel; to be left behind; to slacken the speed of a vessel so as to fall behind and to let another pass a head. -- To drop down (Naut.), to sail, row, or move down a river, or toward the sea. -- To drop off, to fall asleep gently; also, to die. [Colloq.]

Drop"let (?), n. A little drop; a tear. Shak.

Drop"light` (?), n. An apparatus for bringing artificial light down from a chandelier nearer to a table or desk; a pendant.

{ Drop"meal`, Drop"mele` } (?), adv. [AS. drop-mlum; dropa drop + ml portion. Cf. Piecemeal.] By drops or small portions. [Obs.]

> Distilling dropmeal, a little at once.

Holland.

Drop"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, drops. Specif.: (Fishing) A fly that drops from the leader above the bob or end fly.

2. A dropping tube.

3. (Mining) A branch vein which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode.

4. (Zoöl.) A dog which suddenly drops upon the ground when it sights game, -- formerly a common, and still an occasional, habit of the setter.

Drop"ping (?), n. 1. The action of causing to drop or of letting drop; falling.

2. pl. That which falls in drops; the excrement or dung of animals.

Dropping bottle, an instrument used to supply small quantities of a fluid to a test tube or other vessel. -- Dropping fire, a continued irregular discharge of firearms. -- Dropping tube, a tube for ejecting any liquid in drops.

Drop"ping*ly, adv. In drops.

Drop"si*cal (?), a. [From Dropsy.] 1. Diseased with dropsy; hydropical; tending to dropsy; as, a dropsical patient.

2. Of or pertaining to dropsy.

Drop"si*cal*ness, n. State of being dropsical.

Drop"sied (?), a. Diseased with drops. Shak.

Drop"sy (?), n.; pl. Dropsies (#). [OE. dropsie, dropesie, OF. idropisie, F. hydropisie, L. hydropisis, fr. Gr. &?; dropsy, fr. &?; water. See Water, and cf. Hydropsy.] (Med.) An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any serous cavity of the body, or in the subcutaneous cellular tissue. Dunglison.

Dropt (?), imp. & p. p. of Drop, v. G. Eliot.

Drop"wise` (?), adv. After the manner of a drop; in the form of drops.

> Trickling dropwise from the cleft.

Tennyson.

<! p. 457 !>

Drop"worm` (drp"wûrm`), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of any geometrid moth, which drops from trees by means of a thread of silk, as the cankerworm.

Drop"wort` (-wûrt`), n. (Bot.) An Old World species of Spiræa (S. filipendula), with finely cut leaves.

||Dros"e*ra (drs"*r), n. [NL., fr. Gr. drosero`s dewy.] (Bot.) A genus of low perennial or biennial plants, the leaves of which are beset with gland-tipped bristles. See Sundew. Gray.

Dros"ky (drs"k), n.; pl. Droskies (-kz). [Russ. drojki, dim. of drogi a kind of carriage, prop. pl. of droga shaft or pole of a carriage.] A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities. [Written also droitzschka, and droschke.]

Dro*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. dro`sos dew + -meter: cf. F. drosométre.] (Meteorol.) An instrument for measuring the quantity of dew on the surface of a body in the open air. It consists of a balance, having a plate at one end to receive the dew, and at the other a weight protected from the deposit of dew.

Dross (?), n. [AS. dros, fr. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.] 1. The scum or refuse matter which is thrown off, or falls from, metals in smelting the ore, or in the process of melting; recrement.

2. Rust of metals. [R.] Addison.

3. Waste matter; any worthless matter separated from the better part; leavings; dregs; refuse.

> All world's glory is but dross unclean.

Spenser.

> At the devil's booth are all things sold,
> Each ounce of dross coats its ounce of gold.

Lowell.

Dros"sel (?), n. [Cf. Drazel.] A slut; a hussy; a drazel. [Obs.] Warner.

Dross"less, a. Free from dross. Stevens.

Dross"y (?), a. [Compar. Drossier (?); superl. Drossiest (?).] Of, pertaining to, resembling, dross; full of dross; impure; worthless. " Drossy gold." Dryden. "Drossy rhymes." Donne. -- Dross"i*ness, n.

Drotch"el (?), n. See Drossel. [Obs.]

Drough (?), imp. of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drought (drout), n. [OE. droght, drougth, druð, AS. drugað, from drugian to dry. See Dry, and cf. Drouth, which shows the original final sound.] 1. Dryness; want of rain or of water; especially, such dryness of the weather as affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; aridity.

> The drought of March hath pierced to the root.

Chaucer.

> In a drought the thirsty creatures cry.

Dryden.

2. Thirst; want of drink. Johnson.

3. Scarcity; lack.

> A drought of Christian writers caused a dearth of all history.

Fuller.

Drought"i*ness (?), n. A state of dryness of the weather; want of rain.

Drought"y (?), a. 1. Characterized by drought; wanting rain; arid; adust.

> Droughty and parched countries.

Ray.

2. Dry; thirsty; wanting drink.

> Thy droughty throat.

Philips.

Drou"my (?), a. [Cf. Scot. drum, dram, melancholy, Icel prumr a moper, W. trwm heavy, sad.] Troubled; muddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

Drouth (?), n. Same as Drought. Sandys.

> Another ill accident is drouth at the spindling of corn.

Bacon.

> One whose drouth [thirst],
> Yet scarce allayed, still eyes the current stream.

Milton.

> In the dust and drouth of London life.

Tennyson.

Drouth"y (?), a. Droughty.

Drove (?), imp. of Drive.

Drove, n. [AS. drf, fr. drfan to drive. See Drive.] 1. A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body.

2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward; as, a finny drove. Milton.

3. A crowd of people in motion.

> Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass.

Dryden.

4. A road for driving cattle; a driftway. [Eng.]

5. (Agric.) A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land. Simmonds.

6. (Masonry) (a) A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface; -- called also drove chisel. (b) The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel; -- called also drove work.

Dro"ven (?), p. p. of Drive. [Obs.]

Dro"ver (?), n. 1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market; one who makes it his business to purchase cattle, and drive them to market.

> Why, that's spoken like an honest drover; so they sell bullocks.

Shak.

2. A boat driven by the tide. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dro"vy (?), a. [AS. dr&?;f dirty; cf. D. droef, G. trübe, Goth. dr&?;bjan to trouble.] Turbid; muddy; filthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drow (?), imp. of Draw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drown (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drowning.] [OE. drunen, drounen, earlier drunknen, druncnien, AS. druncnian to be drowned, sink, become drunk, fr. druncen drunken. See Drunken, Drink.] To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water.

> Methought, what pain it was to drown.

Shak.

Drown, v. t. 1. To overwhelm in water; to submerge; to inundate. "They drown the land." Dryden.

2. To deprive of life by immersion in water or other liquid.

3. To overpower; to overcome; to extinguish; -- said especially of sound.

> Most men being in sensual pleasures drowned.

Sir J. Davies.

> My private voice is drowned amid the senate.

Addison.

To drown up, to swallow up. [Obs.] Holland.

Drown"age (?), n. The act of drowning. [R.]

Drown"er (?), n. One who, or that which, drowns.

Drowse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drowsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drowsing.] [AS. dr&?;sian, dr&?;san, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. droosen to be sleepy, fall asleep, LG. dr&?;sen, druusken, to slumber, fall down with a noise; prob, akin to AS. dreósan to fall. See Dreary.] To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness; to doze. "He drowsed upon his couch." South.

> In the pool drowsed the cattle up to their knees.

Lowell.

Drowse, v. t. To make heavy with sleepiness or imperfect sleep; to make dull or stupid. Milton.

Drowse, n. A slight or imperfect sleep; a doze.

> But smiled on in a drowse of ecstasy.

Mrs. Browning.

Drow"si*head (?), n. Drowsiness. Thomson.

Drow"si*hed, n. Drowsihead. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drow"si*ly, adv. In a drowsy manner.

Drow"si*ness, n. State of being drowsy. Milton.

Drow"sy (?), a. [Compar. Drowsier (?); superl. Drowsiest.] 1. Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; dozy. "When I am drowsy." Shak.

> Dapples the drowsy east with spots of gray.

Shak.

> To our age's drowsy blood
> Still shouts the inspiring sea.

Lowell.

2. Disposing to sleep; lulling; soporific.

> The drowsy hours, dispensers of all good.

Tennyson.

3. Dull; stupid. " Drowsy reasoning." Atterbury.

Syn. -- Sleepy; lethargic; dozy; somnolent; comatose; dull heavy; stupid.

Drowth (?), n. See Drought. Bacon.

Droyle (?), v. i. See Droil. [Obs.] Spenser.

Drub (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Drubbing.] [Cf. Prov. E. drab to beat, Icel. & Sw. drabba to hit, beat, Dan. dræbe to slay, and perh. OE. drepen to strike, kill, AS. drepan to strike, G. & D. freffen to hit, touch, Icel. drepa to strike, kill.] To beat with a stick; to thrash; to cudgel.

> Soundly Drubbed with a good honest cudgel.

L'Estrange.

Drub, n. A blow with a cudgel; a thump. Addison.

Drub"ber (?), n. One who drubs. Sir W. Scott.

Drudge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drudging.] [OE. druggen; prob not akin to E. drag, v. t., but fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. drugaire a slave or drudge.] To perform menial work; to labor in mean or unpleasant offices with toil and fatigue.

> He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he drudged.

Macaulay.

Drudge, v. t. To consume laboriously; -- with away.

> Rise to our toils and drudge away the day.

Otway.

Drudge, n. One who drudges; one who works hard in servile employment; a mental servant. Milton.

Drudg"er (?), n. 1. One who drudges; a drudge.

2. A dredging box.

Drudg"er*y (?), n. The act of drudging; disagreeable and wearisome labor; ignoble or slavish toil.

> The drudgery of penning definitions.

Macaulay.

> Paradise was a place of bliss . . . without drudgery and with out sorrow.

Locke.

Syn. -- See Toll.

Drudg"ing box` (?). See Dredging box.

Drudg"ing*ly, adv. In a drudging manner; laboriously.

Dru"er*y (?), n. [OF. druerie.] Courtship; gallantry; love; an object of love. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Drug (?), v. i. [See 1st Drudge.] To drudge; to toil laboriously. [Obs.] "To drugge and draw." Chaucer.

Drug, n. A drudge (?). Shak. (Timon iv. 3, 253).

Drug, n. [F. drogue, prob. fr. D. droog; akin to E. dry; thus orig., dry substance, hers, plants, or wares. See Dry.] 1. Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations.

> Whence merchants bring

> Their spicy drugs.

Milton.

2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand. "But sermons are mere drugs." Fielding.

> And virtue shall a drug become.

Dryden.

Drug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drugging.] [Cf. F. droguer.] To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. B. Jonson.

Drug, v. t. 1. To affect or season with drugs or ingredients; esp., to stupefy by a narcotic drug. Also Fig.

> The laboring masses . . . [were] drugged into brutish good humor by a vast system of public spectacles.

C. Kingsley.

> Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it.

Tennyson.

2. To tincture with something offensive or injurious.

> Drugged as oft,
> With hatefullest disrelish writhed their jaws.

Milton.

3. To dose to excess with, or as with, drugs.

> With pleasure drugged, he almost longed for woe.

Byron.

Drug"ger (?), n. A druggist. [Obs.] Burton.

Drug"get (?), n. [F. droguet, prop. dim. of drogue trash, stuff, perh, the same word as drogue drug, but cf. also W. drwg evil, bad, Ir. & Gael. droch, Arm. droug, drouk. See 3d Drug.] (a) A coarse woolen cloth dyed of one color or printed on one side; generally used as a covering for carpets. (b) By extension, any material used for the same purpose.

Drug"gist (?), n. [F. droguiste, fr. drogue. See 3d Drug.] One who deals in drugs; especially, one who buys and sells drugs without compounding them; also, a pharmaceutist or apothecary.

The same person often carries on the business of the druggist and the apothecary. See the Note under Apothecary.

Drug"ster (?), n. A druggist. [Obs.] Boule.

Dru"id (?), n. [L. Druides; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. draoi, druidh, magician, Druid, W. derwydd Druid.] 1. One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and Britons.

The Druids superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and exercised judicial functions. They practiced divination and magic, and sacrificed human victims as a part of their worship. They consisted of three classes; the bards, the vates or prophets, and the Druids proper, or priests. Their most sacred rites were performed in the depths of oak forests or of caves.

2. A member of a social and benevolent order, founded in London in 1781, and professedly based on the traditions of the ancient Druids. Lodges or groves of the society are established in other countries.

Druid stones, a name given, in the south of England, to weatherworn, rough pillars of gray sandstone scattered over the chalk downs, but in other countries generally in the form of circles, or in detached pillars.

Dru"id*ess, n. A female Druid; a prophetess.

{ Dru*id"ic (?), Dru*id"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Druids.

Druidical circles. See under Circle.

Dru"id*ish (?), a. Druidic.

Dru"id*ism (?), n. The system of religion, philosophy, and instruction, received and taught by the Druids; the rites and ceremonies of the Druids.

Drum (?), n. [Cf. D. trom, trommel, LG. trumme, G. trommel, Dan. tromme, Sw. trumma, OHG. trumba a trumpet, Icel. pruma a clap of thunder, and as a verb, to thunder, Dan. drum a booming sound, drumme to boom; prob. partly at least of imitative origin; perh. akin to E. trum, or trumpet.] 1. (Mus.) An instrument of percussion, consisting either of a hollow cylinder, over each end of which is stretched a piece of skin or vellum, to be beaten with a stick; or of a metallic hemisphere (kettledrum) with a single piece of skin to be so beaten; the common instrument for marking time in martial music; one of the pair of tympani in an orchestra, or cavalry band.

> The drums cry bud-a-dub.

Gascoigne.

2. Anything resembling a drum in form; as: (a) A sheet iron radiator, often in the shape of a drum, for warming an apartment by means of heat received from a stovepipe, or a cylindrical receiver for steam, etc. (b) A small cylindrical box in which figs, etc., are packed. (c) (Anat.) The tympanum of the ear; -- often, but incorrectly, applied to the tympanic membrane. (d) (Arch.) One of the cylindrical, or nearly cylindrical, blocks, of which the shaft of a column is composed; also, a vertical wall, whether circular or polygonal in plan, carrying a cupola or dome. (e) (Mach.) A cylinder on a revolving shaft, generally for the purpose of driving several pulleys, by means of belts or straps passing around its periphery; also, the barrel of a hoisting machine, on which the rope or chain is wound.

3. (Zoöl.) See Drumfish.

4. A noisy, tumultuous assembly of fashionable people at a private house; a rout. [Archaic]

> Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment.

Smollett.

There were also drum major, rout, tempest, and hurricane, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar, as the significant name of each declares.

5. A tea party; a kettledrum. G. Eliot.

Bass drum. See in the Vocabulary. -- Double drum. See under Double.

Drum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drumming.] 1. To beat a drum with sticks; to beat or play a tune on a drum.

2. To beat with the fingers, as with drumsticks; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes; to make a noise like that of a beaten drum; as, the ruffed grouse drums with his wings.

> Drumming with his fingers on the arm of his chair.

W. Irving.

3. To throb, as the heart. [R.] Dryden.

4. To go about, as a drummer does, to gather recruits, to draw or secure partisans, customers, etc,; -- with for.

Drum, v. t. 1. To execute on a drum, as a tune.

2. (With out) To expel ignominiously, with beat of drum; as, to drum out a deserter or rogue from a camp, etc.

3. (With up) To assemble by, or as by, beat of drum; to collect; to gather or draw by solicitation; as, to drum up recruits; to drum up customers.

Drum"beat` (?), n. The sound of a beaten drum; drum music.

> Whose morning drumbeat, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England.

D. Webster.

Drum"ble (?), v. i. [See Drumly.] 1. To be sluggish or lazy; to be confused. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To mumble in speaking. [Obs.]

Drum"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any fish of the family Sciænidæ, which makes a loud noise by means of its air bladder; -- called also drum.

<! p. 458 !>

The common drumfish (Pogonias chromis) is a large species, common south of New Jersey. The southern red drum or red horse (Sciæna ocellata), and the fresh-water drum or croaker (Aplodionotus grunniens), are related species.

Drum"head` (?), n. 1. The parchment or skin stretched over one end of a drum.

2. The top of a capstan which is pierced with sockets for levers used in turning it. See Illust. of Capstan.

Drumhead court-martial (Mil.), a summary court-martial called to try offenses on the battlefield or the line of march, when, sometimes, a drumhead has to do service as a writing table.

Drum"lin (?), n. [Gael. druim the ridge of a hill.] (Geol.) A hill of compact, unstratified, glacial drift or till, usually elongate or oval, with the larger axis parallel to the former local glacial motion.

Drum"ly, a. [Cf. Droumy.] Turbid; muddy. [Scot. & Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wodroephe (1623). Burns.

Drum" ma"jor (?). 1. The chief or first drummer of a regiment; an instructor of drummers.

2. The marching leader of a military band. [U.S.]

3. A noisy gathering. [R.] See under Drum, n., 4.

Drum"mer (?), n. 1. One whose office is to best the drum, as in military exercises and marching.

2. One who solicits custom; a commercial traveler. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

3. (Zoöl.) A fish that makes a sound when caught; as: (a) The squeteague. (b) A California sculpin.

4. (Zoöl.) A large West Indian cockroach (Blatta gigantea) which drums on woodwork, as a sexual call.

Drum"ming (?), n. The act of beating upon, or as if upon, a drum; also, the noise which the male of the ruffed grouse makes in spring, by beating his wings upon his sides.

Drum"mond light` (?). [From Thomas Drummond, a British naval officer.] A very intense light, produced by turning two streams of gas, one oxygen and the other hydrogen, or coal gas, in a state of ignition, upon a ball of lime; or a stream of oxygen gas through a flame of alcohol upon a ball or disk of lime; -- called also oxycalcium light, or lime light.

The name is also applied sometimes to a heliostat, invented by Drummond, for rendering visible a distant point, as in geodetic surveying, by reflecting upon it a beam of light from the sun.

Drum"stick` (?), n. 1. A stick with which a drum is beaten.

2. Anything resembling a drumstick in form, as the tibiotarsus, or second joint, of the leg of a fowl.

Drunk (?), a. [OE. dronke, drunke, dronken, drunken, AS. druncen. Orig. the same as drunken, p. p. of drink. See Drink.] 1. Intoxicated with, or as with, strong drink; inebriated; drunken; -- never used attributively, but always predicatively; as, the man is drunk (not, a drunk man).

> Be not drunk with wine, where in is excess.

Eph. v. 18.

> Drunk with recent prosperity.

Macaulay.

2. Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquid.

> I will make mine arrows drunk with blood.

Deut. xxxii. 42.

Drunk, n. A drunken condition; a spree. [Slang]

Drunk"ard (?), n. [Drunk + - ard.] One who habitually drinks strong liquors immoderately; one whose habit it is to get drunk; a toper; a sot.

> The drunkard and glutton shall come to poverty.

Prov. xxiii. 21.

Drunk"en (?), a. [AS. druncen, prop., that has drunk, p. p. of drincan, taken as active. See Drink, v. i., and cf. Drunk.] 1. Overcome by strong drink; intoxicated by, or as by, spirituous liquor; inebriated.

> Drunken men imagine everything turneth round.

Bacon.

2. Saturated with liquid or moisture; drenched.

> Let the earth be drunken with our blood.

Shak.

3. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, intoxication.

> The drunken quarrels of a rake.

Swift.

Drunk"en*head (?), n. Drunkenness. [Obs.]

Drunk"en*ly, adv. In a drunken manner. [R.] Shak.

Drunk"en*ness, n. 1. The state of being drunken with, or as with, alcoholic liquor; intoxication; inebriety; -- used of the casual state or the habit.

> The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate drunkenness by bringing a drunken man into their company.

I. Watts.

2. Disorder of the faculties, resembling intoxication by liquors; inflammation; frenzy; rage.

> Passion is the drunkenness of the mind.

South.

Syn. -- Intoxication; inebriation; inebriety. -- Drunkenness, Intoxication, Inebriation. Drunkenness refers more to the habit; intoxication and inebriation, to specific acts. The first two words are extensively used in a figurative sense; a person is intoxicated with success, and is drunk with joy. "This plan of empire was not taken up in the first intoxication of unexpected success." Burke.

{ Drunk"en*ship, Drunk"ship, } n. The state of being drunk; drunkenness. [Obs.] Gower.

Dru*pa"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. drupacé.] (Bot.) Producing, or pertaining to, drupes; having the form of drupes; as, drupaceous trees or fruits.

Drup"al (?), a. (Bot.) Drupaceous.

Drupe (?), n. [F. drupe, L. drupa an overripe, wrinkled olive, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.

{ Drup"el (?), Drupe"let (?), } n. [Dim. of Drupe.] (Bot.) A small drupe, as one of the pulpy grains of the blackberry.

Druse (?), n. [Cf. G. druse bonny, crystallized piece of ore, Bohem. druza. Cf. Dross.] (Min.) A cavity in a rock, having its interior surface studded with crystals and sometimes filled with water; a geode.

Druse (?), n. One of a people and religious sect dwelling chiefly in the Lebanon mountains of Syria.

> The Druses separated from the Mohammedan Arabs in the 9th century. Their characteristic dogma is the unity of God.

Am. Cyc.

{ Dru"sy (?), Drused (?), } a. (Min.) Covered with a large number of minute crystals.

{ Drux"ey, Drux"y } (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Having decayed spots or streaks of a whitish color; -- said of timber. Weale.

Dry (?), a. [Compar. Drier (?); superl. Driest.] [OE. dru&?;e, druye, drie, AS. dryge; akin to LG. dröge, D. droog, OHG. trucchan, G. trocken, Icel. draugr a dry log. Cf. Drought, Drouth, 3d Drug.] 1. Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: (a) Of the weather: Free from rain or mist.

> The weather, we agreed, was too dry for the season.

Addison.

(b) Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not green; as, dry wood or hay. (c) Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry. (d) Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink.

> Give the dry fool drink.

Shak

(e) Of the eyes: Not shedding tears.

> Not a dry eye was to be seen in the assembly.

Prescott.

(f) (Med.) Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or comparative absence of moisture; as, dry gangrene; dry catarrh.

2. Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren; unembellished; jejune; plain.

> These epistles will become less dry, more susceptible of ornament.

Pope.

3. Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence, sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; as, a dry tone or manner; dry wit.

> He was rather a dry, shrewd kind of body.

W. Irving.

4. (Fine Arts) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in coloring.

Dry area (Arch.), a small open space reserved outside the foundation of a building to guard it from damp. -- Dry blow. (a) (Med.) A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes no effusion of blood. (b) A quick, sharp blow. -- Dry bone (Min.), Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's term. -- Dry castor (Zoöl.) a kind of beaver; -- called also parchment beaver. -- Dry cupping. (Med.) See under Cupping. - - Dry dock. See under Dock. -- Dry fat. See Dry vat (below). -- Dry light, pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial view. Bacon.

> The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest they obtrude into his researches, and color the dry light in which alone science desires to see its objects.

J. C. Shairp.

-- Dry masonry. See Masonry. -- Dry measure, a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse articles, by the bushel, peck, etc. -- Dry pile (Physics), a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; -- called also Zamboni's , from the names of the two earliest constructors of it. -- Dry pipe (Steam Engine), a pipe which conducts dry steam from a boiler. -- Dry plate (Photog.), a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made, without moistening. -- Dry-plate process, the process of photographing with dry plates. -- Dry point. (Fine Arts) (a) An engraving made with the needle instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching, but is finished without the use acid. (b) A print from such an engraving, usually upon paper. (c) Hence: The needle with which such an engraving is made. -- Dry rent (Eng. Law), a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of distress. Bouvier. -- Dry rot, a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a peculiar fungus (Merulius lacrymans), which is sometimes considered the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause is the decomposition of the wood itself. D. C. Eaton. Called also sap rot, and, in the United States, powder post. Hebert. -- Dry stove, a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid climates. Brande & C. -- Dry vat, a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles. -- Dry wine, that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to sweet wine, in which the saccharine matter is in excess.

Dry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Drying.] [AS. drygan; cf. drugian to grow dry. See Dry, a.] To make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; to exsiccate; as, to dry the eyes; to dry one's tears; the wind dries the earth; to dry a wet cloth; to dry hay.

To dry up. (a) To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of water; to consume.

> Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst.

Is. v. 13.

> The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled and dried up by the sun.

Woodward.

(b) To make to cease, as a stream of talk.

> Their sources of revenue were dried up.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

-- To dry, or dry up, a cow, to cause a cow to cease secreting milk. Tylor.

Dry, v. i. 1. To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; as, the road dries rapidly.

2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a liquid; -- sometimes with up; as, the stream dries, or dries up.

3. To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality.

> And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him.

I Kings xiii. 4.

Dry"ad (?), n. [L. dryas, pl. dryades, Gr. &?;, pl. &?;, fr. &?; oak, tree. See Tree.] (Class. Myth.) A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.

||Dry*an"dra (?), n. [NL. Named after J. Dryander.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs growing in Australia, having beautiful, hard, dry, evergreen leaves.

||Dry"as (?), n.; pl. Dryades (#). [L. See Dryad.] (Class. Myth.) A dryad.

Dry"-beat` (?), v. t. To beat severely. Shak.

Dry"-boned` (?), a. Having dry bones, or bones without flesh.

Dry" dock` (?). (Naut.) See under Dock.

Dry"er (?), n. See Drier. Sir W. Temple.

Dry"-eyed` (?), a. Not having tears in the eyes.

Dry"-fist`ed (?), a. Niggardly.

Dry"foot (?), n. The scent of the game, as far as it can be traced. [Obs.] Shak.

Dry" goods` (?). A commercial name for textile fabrics, cottons, woolens, linen, silks, laces, etc., -- in distinction from groceries. [U.S.]

Dry"ing, a. 1. Adapted or tending to exhaust moisture; as, a drying wind or day; a drying room.

2. Having the quality of rapidly becoming dry.

Drying oil, an oil which, either naturally or after boiling with oxide of lead, absorbs oxygen from the air and dries up rapidly. Drying oils are used as the bases of many paints and varnishes.

Dry"ly, adv. In a dry manner; not succulently; without interest; without sympathy; coldly.

Dry"ness, n. The state of being dry. See Dry.

Dry" nurse` (?). A nurse who attends and feeds a child by hand; -- in distinction from a wet nurse, who suckles it.

Dry"nurse`, v. t. To feed, attend, and bring up without the breast. Hudibras.

||Dry`o*bal"a*nops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. dry^s oak + ba`lanos acorn + 'o`psis appearance. The fruit remotely resembles an acorn in its cup.] (Bot.) The genus to which belongs the single species D. Camphora, a lofty resinous tree of Borneo and Sumatra, yielding Borneo camphor and camphor oil.

Dry"-rub` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dry-rubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dry-rubbing.] To rub and cleanse without wetting. Dodsley.

Dry"salt`er (?), n. A dealer in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, etc., and in the materials used in pickling, salting, and preserving various kinds of food Hence drysalters usually sell a number of saline substances and miscellaneous drugs. Brande & C.

Dry"salt`er*y (?), n. The articles kept by a drysalter; also, the business of a drysalter.

Dry"-shod` (?), a. Without wetting the feet.

Dry"-stone` (?), a. Constructed of uncemented stone. "Dry-stone walls." Sir W. Scott.

{ Dryth (?), or Drith }, n. Drought. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Du"ad (?), n. [See Dyad.] A union of two; duality. [R.] Harris.

Du"al (?), a. [L. dualis, fr. duo two. See Two.] Expressing, or consisting of, the number two; belonging to two; as, the dual number of nouns, etc. , in Greek.

> Here you have one half of our dual truth.

Tyndall.

Du"a*lin (?), n. (Chem.) An explosive substance consisting essentially of sawdust or wood pulp, saturated with nitroglycerin and other similar nitro compounds. It is inferior to dynamite, and is more liable to explosion.

Du"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. dualisme.] State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction; as: (a) (Philos.) A view of man as constituted of two original and independent elements, as matter and spirit. (Theol.) (b) A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one good and the other evil. (c) The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect and the reprobate. (d) (Physiol.) The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts independently of the other.

> An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole.

Emerson.

Du"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. dualiste.] 1. One who believes in dualism; a ditheist.

2. One who administers two offices. Fuller.

Du`al*is"tic (?), a. Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality.

Dualistic system or theory (Chem.), the theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or complex, and possessed of opposite chemical or electrical affinities.

Du"al"i*ty (?), n. [L. dualitas: cf. F. dualité.] The quality or condition of being two or twofold; dual character or usage.

Du"an (?), n. [Gael. & Ir.] A division of a poem corresponding to a canto; a poem or song. [R.]

Du"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; two + - archy.] Government by two persons.

Dub (db), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dubbed (dbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dubbing.] [AS. dubban to strike, beat ("dubbade his sunu . . . to rdere." AS. Chron. an. 1086); akin to Icel. dubba; cf. OF. adouber (prob. fr. Icel.) a chevalier, Icel. dubba til riddara.] 1. To confer knighthood upon; as, the king dubbed his son Henry a knight.

The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with the sword.

2. To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call.

> A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth.

Pope.

3. To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn. [Obs.]

> His diadem was dropped down
> Dubbed with stones.

Morte d'Arthure.

4. To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: (a) To dress with an adz; as, to dub a stick of timber smooth.

<! p. 459 !>

(b) To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap. Halliwell. (c) To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of cyrrying it. Tomlinson. (d) To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles.

To dub a fly, to dress a fishing fly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- To dub out (Plastering), to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.

Dub (?), v. i. To make a noise by brisk drumbeats. "Now the drum dubs." Beau. & Fl.

Dub, n. A blow. [R.] Hudibras.

Dub, n. [Cf. Ir. dób mire, stream, W. dwvr water.] A pool or puddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dubb (?), n. [Ar.] (Zoöl.) The Syrian bear. See under Bear. [Written also dhubb, and dub.]

Dub"ber (?), n. One who, or that which, dubs.

Dub"ber, n. [Hind. dabbah.] A globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold ghee, oil, etc. [Also written dupper.] M'Culloch.

Dub"bing (?), n. 1. The act of dubbing, as a knight, etc.

2. The act of rubbing, smoothing, or dressing; a dressing off smooth with an adz.

3. A dressing of flour and water used by weavers; a mixture of oil and tallow for dressing leather; daubing.

4. The body substance of an angler's fly. Davy.

Du*bi"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Dubieties (#). [L. dubietas, fr. dubius. See Dubious.] Doubtfulness; uncertainty; doubt. [R.] Lamb. "The dubiety of his fate." Sir W. Scott.

Du`bi*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Dubiosities (#). [L. dubiosus.] The state of being doubtful; a doubtful statement or thing. [R.]

> Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties, possibilities for feasibilities.

Sir T. Browne.

Du"bi*ous (?), a. [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and cf. Doubt.] 1. Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. "Dubious policy." Sir T. Scott.

> A dubious, agitated state of mind.

Thackeray.

2. Occasioning doubt; not clear, or obvious; equivocal; questionable; doubtful; as, a dubious answer.

> Wiping the dingy shirt with a still more dubious pocket handkerchief.

Thackeray.

3. Of uncertain event or issue; as, in dubious battle.

Syn. -- Doubtful; doubting; unsettled; undetermined; equivocal; uncertain. Cf. Doubtful.

Du"bi*ous*ly, adv. In a dubious manner.

Du"bi*ous*ness, n. State of being dubious.

Du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. [L. dubitabilis. Cf. Doubtable.] Liable to be doubted; uncertain. [R.] Dr. H. More. -- Du"bi*ta*bly, adv. [R.]

Du"bi*tan*cy (?), n. [LL. dubitantia.] Doubt; uncertainty. [R.] Hammond.

Du"bi*tate (?), v. i. [L. dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare. See Doubt.] To doubt. [R.]

> If he . . . were to loiter dubitating, and not come.

Carlyle.

Du`bi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. dubitatio.] Act of doubting; doubt. [R.] Sir T. Scott.

Du"bi*ta*tive (?), a. [L. dubitativus: cf. F. dubitatif.] Tending to doubt; doubtful. [R.] -- Du"bi*ta*tive*ly, adv. [R.] . Eliot.

||Du*bois"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Duboisine.

Du*bois"ine (?), n. (Med.) An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of an Australian tree (Duboisia myoporoides), and regarded as identical with hyoscyamine. It produces dilation of the pupil of the eye.

Du"cal (?), a. [F. ducal. See Duke.] Of or pertaining to a duke.

> His ducal cap was to be exchanged for a kingly crown.

Motley.

Du"cal*ly, adv. In the manner of a duke, or in a manner becoming the rank of a duke.

Duc"at (?), n. [F. ducat, It. ducato, LL. ducatus, fr. dux leader or commander. See Duke.] A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke.

The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver ducat is of about half this value.

Duc`a*toon" (?), n. [F. or Sp. ducaton, fr. ducat.] A silver coin of several countries of Europe, and of different values.

||Du"ces te"cum (?). [L., bring with thee.] A judicial process commanding a person to appear in court and bring with him some piece of evidence or other thing to be produced to the court.

Duch"ess (?), n. [F. duchesse, fr. duc duke.] The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.

||Du`chesse" d'An`gou`lême" (?). [F.] (Bot.) A variety of pear of large size and excellent flavor.

Duch"y (dch"), n.; pl. Duchies (#). [F. duché, OF. duchée, (assumed) LL. ducitas, fr. L. dux. See Duke.] The territory or dominions of a duke; a dukedom.

Duck (dk), n. [Cf. Dan. dukke, Sw. docka, OHG. doccha, G. docke. Cf. Doxy.] A pet; a darling. Shak.

Duck, n. [D. doek cloth, canvas, or Icel. dkr cloth; akin to OHG. tuoh, G. tuch, Sw. duk, Dan. dug.] 1. A linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric, finer and lighter than canvas, -- used for the lighter sails of vessels, the sacking of beds, and sometimes for men's clothing.

2. (Naut.) pl. The light clothes worn by sailors in hot climates. [Colloq.]

Duck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ducked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ducking.] [OE. duken, douken, to dive; akin to D. duiken, OHG. t&?;hhan, MHG. tucken, tücken, t&?;chen, G. tuchen. Cf. 5th Duck.] 1. To thrust or plunge under water or other liquid and suddenly withdraw.

> Adams, after ducking the squire twice or thrice, leaped out of the tub.

Fielding.

2. To plunge the head of under water, immediately withdrawing it; as, duck the boy.

3. To bow; to bob down; to move quickly with a downward motion. " Will duck his head aside." Swift.

Duck (dk), v. i. 1. To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to dive; to plunge the head in water or other liquid; to dip.

> In Tiber ducking thrice by break of day.

Dryden.

2. To drop the head or person suddenly; to bow.

> The learned pate
> Ducks to the golden fool.

Shak.

Duck, n. [OE. duke, doke. See Duck, v. t. ] 1. (Zool.) Any bird of the subfamily Anatinæ, family Anatidæ.

The genera and species are numerous. They are divided into river ducks and sea ducks. Among the former are the common domestic duck (Anas boschas); the wood duck (Aix sponsa); the beautiful mandarin duck of China (Dendronessa galeriliculata); the Muscovy duck, originally of South America (Cairina moschata). Among the sea ducks are the eider, canvasback, scoter, etc.

2. A sudden inclination of the bead or dropping of the person, resembling the motion of a duck in water.

> Here be, without duck or nod,
> Other trippings to be trod.

Milton.

Bombay duck (Zoöl.), a fish. See Bummalo. -- Buffel duck, or Spirit duck. See Buffel duck. -- Duck ant (Zoöl.), a species of white ant in Jamaica which builds large nests in trees. -- Duck barnacle. (Zoöl.) See Goose barnacle. -- Duck hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) In the United States: The peregrine falcon. (b) In England: The marsh harrier or moor buzzard. -- Duck mole (Zoöl.), a small aquatic mammal of Australia, having webbed feet and a bill resembling that of a duck (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). It belongs the subclass Monotremata and is remarkable for laying eggs like a bird or reptile; -- called also duckbill, platypus, mallangong, mullingong, tambreet, and water mole. -- To make ducks and drakes, to throw a flat stone obliquely, so as to make it rebound repeatedly from the surface of the water, raising a succession of jets; hence: To play at ducks and drakes, with property, to throw it away heedlessly or squander it foolishly and unprofitably. -- Lame duck. See under Lame.

Duck"bill`, n. (Zoöl.) See Duck mole, under Duck, n.

Duck"-billed` (?), a. Having a bill like that of a duck..

Duck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, ducks; a plunger; a diver.

2. A cringing, servile person; a fawner.

Duck"ing, n. & a., from Duck, v. t. & i.

Ducking stool, a stool or chair in which common scolds were formerly tied, and plunged into water, as a punishment. See Cucking stool. The practice of ducking began in the latter part of the 15th century, and prevailed until the early part of the 18th, and occasionally as late as the 19th century. Blackstone. Chambers.

Duck"-legged` (?), a. Having short legs, like a waddling duck; short-legged. Dryden.

Duck"ling (?), n. A young or little duck. Gay.

{ Duck"meat` (?), or Duck's"-meat` (?) }, n. (Bot.) Duckweed.

Duck's"-bill`, a. Having the form of a duck's bill.

Duck's-bill limpet (Zoöl.), a limpet of the genus Parmaphorus; -- so named from its shape.

Duck's"-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) The May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).

Duck"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Lemna) of small plants, seen floating in great quantity on the surface of stagnant pools fresh water, and supposed to furnish food for ducks; -- called also duckmeat.

Duct (?), n. [L. ductus a leading, conducting, conduit, fr. ducere, ductum, to lead. See Duke, and cf. Douche.] 1. Any tube or canal by which a fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed.

2. (Anat.) One of the vessels of an animal body by which the products of glandular secretion are conveyed to their destination.

3. (Bot.) A large, elongated cell, either round or prismatic, usually found associated with woody fiber.

Ducts are classified, according to the character of the surface of their walls, or their structure, as annular, spiral, scalariform, etc.

4. Guidance; direction. [Obs.] Hammond.

Duc"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being drawn out [R.] Feltham.

Duc"tile (?), a. [L. ductilis, fr. ducere to lead: cf. F. ductile. See Duct.] 1. Easily led; tractable; complying; yielding to motives, persuasion, or instruction; as, a ductile people. Addison.

> Forms their ductile minds
> To human virtues.

Philips.

2. Capable of being elongated or drawn out, as into wire or threads.

> Gold . . . is the softest and most ductile of all metals.

Dryden.

-- Duc"tile*ly (#), adv. -- Duc"tile*ness, n.

Duc`ti*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Ductile + -meter.] An instrument for accurately determining the ductility of metals.

Duc*til"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ductilité.] 1. The property of a metal which allows it to be drawn into wires or filaments.

2. Tractableness; pliableness. South.

Duc"tion (?), n. [L. ductio, fr. ducere to lead.] Guidance. [Obs.] Feltham.

Duct"less (?), a. Having to duct or outlet; as, a ductless gland.

Duc"tor (?), n. [L., fr. ducere to lead.] 1. One who leads. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mach.) A contrivance for removing superfluous ink or coloring matter from a roller. See Doctor, 4. Knight.

Ductor roller (Printing), the roller which conveys or supplies ink to another roller. Knight.

Duc"ture (?), n. Guidance. [Obs.] South.

Dud"der (?), v. t. [In Suffolk, Eng., to shiver, shake, tremble; also written dodder.] To confuse or confound with noise. Jennings.

Dud"der, v. i. To shiver or tremble; to dodder.

> I dudder and shake like an aspen leaf.

Ford.

Dud"der, n. [From Duds.] A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap and flashy goods pretended to be smuggled; a duffer. [Eng.]

Dud"der*y (?), n. A place where rags are bought and kept for sale. [Eng.]

Dude (?), n. A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations. [Recent]

> The social dude who affects English dress and English drawl.

The American.

Du*deen" (?), n. A short tobacco pipe. [Written also dudheen.] [Irish]

Dudg"eon (?), n. 1. The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made. Gerarde (1597).

2. The haft of a dagger. Shak.

3. A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger. Hudibras.

Dudg"eon, n. [W. dygen anger, grudge.] Resentment; ill will; anger; displeasure.

> I drink it to thee in dudgeon and hostility.

> Sir T. Scott.

Dudg"eon, a. Homely; rude; coarse. [Obs.]

> By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon,
> I would not be an ass.

Beau. & Fl.

Dud"ish (?), a. Like, or characterized of, a dude.

Duds (?), n. pl. [Scot. dud rag, pl. duds clothing of inferior quality.] 1. Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments. [Colloq.]

2. Effects, in general.[Slang]

Due (?), a. [OF. deu, F. dû, p. p. of devoir to owe, fr. L. debere. See Debt, Habit, and cf. Duty.] 1. Owed, as a debt; that ought to be paid or done to or for another; payable; owing and demandable.

2. Justly claimed as a right or property; proper; suitable; becoming; appropriate; fit.

> Her obedience, which is due to me.

Shak.

> With dirges due, in sad array,
> Slow through the churchway path we saw him borne.

Gray.

3. Such as (a thing) ought to be; fulfilling obligation; proper; lawful; regular; appointed; sufficient; exact; as, due process of law; due service; in due time.

4. Appointed or required to arrive at a given time; as, the steamer was due yesterday.

5. Owing; ascribable, as to a cause.

> This effect is due to the attraction of the sun.

J. D. Forbes.

Due, adv. Directly; exactly; as, a due east course.

Due, n. 1. That which is owed; debt; that which one contracts to pay, or do, to or for another; that which belongs or may be claimed as a right; whatever custom, law, or morality requires to be done; a fee; a toll.

> He will give the devil his due.

Shak.

> Yearly little dues of wheat, and wine, and oil.

Tennyson.

2. Right; just title or claim.

> The key of this infernal pit by due . . . I keep.

Milton.

Due, v. t. To endue. [Obs.] Shak.

Due"bill` (?), n. (Com.) A brief written acknowledgment of a debt, not made payable to order, like a promissory note. Burrill.

Due"ful (?), a. Fit; becoming. [Obs.] Spenser.

Du"el (?), n. [It. duello, fr. L. duellum, orig., a contest between two, which passed into the common form bellum war, fr. duo two: cf. F. duel. See Bellicose, Two, and cf. Duello.] A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given by one to the other.

Trial by duel (Old Law), a combat between two persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.

Du"el, v. i. & t. To fight in single combat. [Obs.]

Du"el*er, n. One who engages in a duel. [R.] [Written also dueller.] South.

Du"el*ing, n. The act or practice of fighting in single combat. Also adj. [Written also duelling.]

Du"el*ist (?), n. [F. duelliste.] One who fights in single combat. [Written also duellist.]

> A duelist . . . always values himself upon his courage, his sense of honor, his fidelity and friendship.

Hume.

||Du*e"lo (?), n. [It. See Duel.] A duel; also, the rules of dueling. [Obs.] Shak.

||Du*e"ña (?), n. [Sp.] See Doña.

<! p. 460 !>

Due"ness (?), n. Quality of being due; debt; what is due or becoming. T. Goodwin.

Du*en"na (?), n.; pl. Duennas (#). [Sp. dueña, doña, fr. L. domina. See Dame.] 1. The chief lady in waiting on the queen of Spain. Brande.

2. An elderly lady holding a station between a governess and companion, and appointed to have charge over the younger ladies in a Spanish or a Portuguese family. Brande & C.

3. Any old woman who is employed to guard a younger one; a governess. Arbuthnot.

Du*et" (?), n. [Duetto.] (Mus.) A composition for two performers, whether vocal or instrumental.

||Du`et*ti"no (?), n. [It ., dim. fr. duetto a duet.] A duet of short extent and concise form.

||Du*et"to (?), n. [It., fr. It & L. duo two. See Two.] See Duet.

Duff (df), n. [From OE. dagh. √67. See Dough.] 1. Dough or paste. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; as, plum duff.

Duf"fel (?), n. [D. duffel, from Duffel, a town not far from Antwerp.] A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze. [Written also duffle.]

> Good duffel gray and flannel fine.

Wordsworth.

Duf"fer (?), n. 1. A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat. [Slang, Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.[Slang]

Duf"fle (?), n. See Duffel.

Du*fren"ite (?), n. [From &?;&?;ierre Armand Dufrénoy, a French geologist.] (Min.) A mineral of a blackish green color, commonly massive or in nodules. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.

Dug (dg), n. [Akin to Sw. dägga to suckle (a child), Dan. dægge, and prob. to Goth. daddjan. √66.] A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now that of a cow or other beast.

> With mother's dug between its lips.

Shak.

Dug, imp. & p. p. of Dig.

Du*gong" (d*gg"), n. [Malayan d&?;y&?;ng, or Javan. duyung.] (Zoöl.) An aquatic herbivorous mammal (Halicore dugong), of the order Sirenia, allied to the manatee, but with a bilobed tail. It inhabits the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, and Australia. [Written also duyong.]

Dug"out` (dg"out), n. 1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.]

> A man stepped from his slender dugout.

G. W. Cable.

2. A place dug out.

3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation. [Western U.S.] Bartlett.

Dug"way` (?), n. A way or road dug through a hill, or sunk below the surface of the land. [U.S.]

Duke (?) n. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke. See Tue, and cf. Doge, Duchess, Ducat, Duct, Adduce, Deduct.] 1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.]

> Hannibal, duke of Carthage.

Sir T. Elyot.

> All were dukes once, who were "duces" -- captains or leaders of their people.

Trench.

2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland.

3. In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title of king.

Duke's coronet. See Illust. of Coronet. -- To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner. See under Dine.

Duke, v. i. To play the duke. [Poetic]

> Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence.

Shak.

Duke"dom (?), n. 1. The territory of a duke.

2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.

Duke"ling, n. A little or insignificant duke. Ford.

Duke"ship, n. The quality or condition of being a duke; also, the personality of a duke. Massinger.

Dul`ca*ma"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet + amarus bitter.] (Bot.) A plant (Solanum Dulcamara). See Bittersweet, n., 3 (a).

Dul`ca*ma"rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara), as a yellow amorphous substance. It probably occasions the compound taste. See Bittersweet, 3(a).

Dulce (?), v. t. To make sweet; to soothe. [Obs.]

Dulce"ness, n. Sweetness. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dul"cet (?), a. [OF. doucet, dim. of dous sweet, F. doux, L. dulcis; akin to Gr. &?; . Cf. Doucet.] 1. Sweet to the taste; luscious. [Obs.]

> She tempers dulcet creams.

Milton.

2. Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious.

> Their dainty lays and dulcet melody.

Spenser.

||Dul`ci*an"a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Mus.) A sweet-toned stop of an organ.

Dul`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dulcification.] The act of dulcifying or sweetening. Boyle.

Dul"ci*fied (?), a. Sweetened; mollified.

Dulcified spirit or spirits, a compound of alcohol with mineral acids; as, dulcified spirits of niter.

Dul*cif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. dulcis sweet + fluere to flow.] Flowing sweetly. [R.]

Dul"ci*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dulcified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dulcifying.] [L. dulcis sweet + -fy: cf. F. dulcifier.] 1. (Pharm.) To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness, or acrimony. Wiseman.

2. Fig. : To mollify; to sweeten; to please.

> As she . . . was further dulcified by her pipe of tobacco.

Hawthorne.

Dul*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. dulcis sweet + loqui to speak.] A soft manner of speaking.

Dul"ci*mer (?), n. [It. dolcemele,r Sp. dulcemele, fr. L. dulcis sweet + melos song, melody, Gr. &?;; cf. OF. doulcemele. See Dulcet, and Melody.] (Mus.) (a) An instrument, having stretched metallic wires which are beaten with two light hammers held in the hands of the performer. (b) An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.

Dul*cin"e*a (?), n. [Sp., from Dulcinea del Toboso the mistress of the affections of Don Quixote.] A mistress; a sweetheart.

> I must ever have some Dulcinea in my head.

Sterne.

Dul"ci*ness (?), n. See Dulceness. [Obs.]

||Dul*ci"no (?), n. (Mus.) See Dolcino.

Dul"cite (?), n. [Cf. F. dulcite, fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Chem.) A white, sugarlike substance, C6H8.(OH)2, occurring naturally in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar.

Dul"ci*tude (?), n. [L. dulcitudo, fr. dulcis sweet. Sweetness. [R.] Cockeram.

Dul"co*rate (?), v. t. [L. dulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet.] To sweeten; to make less acrimonious. [R.] Bacon.

Dul`co*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. dulcoratio.] The act of sweetening. [R.] Bacon.

Du"ledge (?), n. (Mil.) One of the dowels joining the ends of the fellies which form the circle of the wheel of a gun carriage. Wilhelm.

||Du*li"a (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?; servitude, fr. &?; slave.] (R. C. Ch.) An inferior kind of veneration or worship, given to the angels and saints as the servants of God.

Dull (?), a. [Compar. Duller (?); superl. Dullest.] [AS. dol foolish; akin to gedwelan to err, D. dol mad, dwalen to wander, err, G. toll mad, Goth. dwals foolish, stupid, cf. Gr. &?; turbid, troubled, Skr. dhvr to cause to fall. Cf. Dolt, Dwale, Dwell, Fraud.] 1. Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid; doltish; blockish. "Dull at classical learning." Thackeray.

> She is not bred so dull but she can learn.

Shak.

2. Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward.

> This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing.

Matt. xiii. 15.

> O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue.

Spenser.

3. Insensible; unfeeling.

> Think me not
> So dull a devil to forget the loss
> Of such a matchless wife.

Beau. & Fl.

4. Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt. "Thy scythe is dull." Herbert.

5. Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.

6. Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert. "The dull earth." Shak.

> As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a dull brain.

Longfellow.

7. Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day.

> Along life's dullest, dreariest walk.

Keble.

Syn. -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish; sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary; clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See Lifeless.

Dull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duller (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dulling.] 1. To deprive of sharpness of edge or point. "This . . . dulled their swords." Bacon.

> Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

Shak.

2. To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the feelings, the perceptions, and the like.

> Those [drugs] she has
> Will stupefy and dull the sense a while.

Shak.

> Use and custom have so dulled our eyes.

Trench.

3. To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish. "Dulls the mirror." Bacon.

4. To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden.

> Attention of mind . . . wasted or dulled through continuance.

Hooker.

Dull, v. i. To become dull or stupid. Rom. of R.

Dull"ard (?), n. [Dull + - ard.] A stupid person; a dunce. Shak. -- a. Stupid. Bp. Hall.

Dull"-brained` (?), a. Stupid; doltish. Shak.

Dull"-browed` (?), a. Having a gloomy look.

Dull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dulls.

Dull"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes wanting brightness, liveliness, or vivacity. Shak.

Dull"head` (?), n. A blockhead; a dolt. Ascham.

Dull"ish, a. Somewhat dull; uninteresting; tiresome. "A series of dullish verses." Prof. Wilson.

Dull"ness, n. The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness; drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of vividness, or of brightness. [Written also dulness.]

> And gentle dullness ever loves a joke.

Pope.

Dull"-sight`ed (?), a. Having poor eyesight.

Dull"some (?), a. Dull. [R.] Gataker.

Dull"-wit`ted (?), a. Stupid.

Dul"ly (?), adv. In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit.

> Supinely calm and dully innocent.

G. Lyttelton.

Du*loc"ra*cy (?), n. See Doulocracy.

Dulse (dls), n. [Cf. Gael. duileasg; duille leaf + uisge water. Cf. Whisky.] (Bot.) A seaweed of a reddish brown color, which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland. The true dulse is Sarcophyllis edulis; the common is Rhodymenia. [Written also dillisk.]

> The crimson leaf of the dulse is seen
> To blush like a banner bathed in slaughter.

Percival.

Dul"wil*ly (?), n. [Prob. imitative.] (Zoöl.) The ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]

Du"ly (?), adv. In a due, fit, or becoming manner; as it (anything) ought to be; properly; regularly.

Du"mal (?), a. [L. dumus bramble.] Pertaining to, or set with, briers or bushes; brambly. [R.]

Dumb (?), a. [AS. dumb; akin to D. dom stupid, dumb, Sw. dumb, Goth. dumbs; cf. Gr. &?; blind. See Deaf, and cf. Dummy.] 1. Destitute of the power of speech; unable; to utter articulate sounds; as, the dumb brutes.

> To unloose the very tongues even of dumb creatures.

Hooker.

2. Not willing to speak; mute; silent; not speaking; not accompanied by words; as, dumb show.

> This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him.

Shak.

> To pierce into the dumb past.

J. C. Shairp.

3. Lacking brightness or clearness, as a color. [R.]

> Her stern was painted of a dumb white or dun color.

De Foe.

Deaf and dumb. See Deaf-mute. -- Dumb ague, or Dumb chill, a form of intermittent fever which has no well-defined "chill." [U.S.] -- Dumb animal, any animal except man; - - usually restricted to a domestic quadruped; -- so called in contradistinction to man, who is a "speaking animal." -- Dumb cake, a cake made in silence by girls on St. Mark's eve, with certain mystic ceremonies, to discover their future husbands. Halliwell. -- Dumb cane (Bot.), a west Indian plant of the Arum family (Dieffenbachia seguina), which, when chewed, causes the tongue to swell, and destroys temporarily the power of speech. - - Dumb crambo. See under crambo. -- Dumb show. (a) Formerly, a part of a dramatic representation, shown in pantomime. "Inexplicable dumb shows and noise." Shak. (b) Signs and gestures without words; as, to tell a story in dumb show. -- To strike dumb, to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.

Syn. -- Silent; speechless; noiseless. See Mute.

Dumb, v. t. To put to silence. [Obs.] Shak.

Dumb"-bell` (?), n. A weight, consisting of two spheres or spheroids, connected by a short bar for a handle; used (often in pairs) for gymnastic exercise.

Dum"ble*dor` (?), n. [The first part is prob. of imitative origin. See Dor a beetle.] (Zoöl.) A bumblebee; also, a cockchafer. [Prov. Eng.]

Dumb"ly (?), adv. In silence; mutely.

Dumb"ness, n. The quality or state of being dumb; muteness; silence; inability to speak.

Dumb"-wait`er (?), n. A framework on which dishes, food, etc., are passed from one room or story of a house to another; a lift for dishes, etc.; also, a piece of furniture with movable or revolving shelves.

Du"me*tose` (?), a. [From L. dumetum a thicket.] (Bot.) Dumose.

Dum"found` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumfounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Dumfounding.] To strike dumb; to confuse with astonishment. [Written also dumbfound.] Spectator.

Dum"found`er (?), v. t. To dumfound; to confound. [Written also dumbfounder.]

Dum"ma*dor` (?), n. A dumbledor.

Dum"mer*er (?), n. One who feigns dumbness. [Obs.] Burton.

Dum"my (?), a. [See Dumb.] 1. Silent; mute; noiseless; as a dummy engine.

2. Fictitious or sham; feigned; as, a dummy watch.

Dummy car. See under Car.

Dum"my, n.; pl. Dummies (&?;). 1. One who is dumb. H. Smith.

2. A sham package in a shop, or one which does not contain what its exterior indicates.

3. An imitation or copy of something, to be used as a substitute; a model; a lay figure; as, a figure on which clothing is exhibited in shop windows; a blank paper copy used to show the size of the future book, etc.

4. (Drama) One who plays a merely nominal part in any action; a sham character.

5. A thick-witted person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

6. (Railroad) A locomotive with condensing engines, and, hence, without the noise of escaping steam; also, a dummy car.

7. (Card Playing) The fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at a four-handed game of cards.

8. A floating barge connected with a pier. Knight.

To play dummy, to play the exposed or dummy hand in cards. The partner of the dummy plays it.

{ Du`mose" (?), Du"mous (?), } a. [L. dumosus, fr. dumus a thornbush, a bramble.] 1. Abounding with bushes and briers.

2. (Bot.) Having a compact, bushy form.

Dump (?), n. [See Dumpling.] A thick, ill-shapen piece; a clumsy leaden counter used by boys in playing chuck farthing. [Eng.] Smart.

Dump, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. dumpin melancholy, Dan. dump dull, low, D. dompig damp, G. dumpf damp, dull, gloomy, and E. damp, or rather perh. dump, v. t. Cf. Damp, or Dump, v. t.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; low spirits; despondency; ill humor; -- now used only in the plural.

> March slowly on in solemn dump.

Hudibras.

> Doleful dumps the mind oppress.

Shak.

> I was musing in the midst of my dumps.

Bunyan.

<! p. 461 !>

The ludicrous associations now attached to this word did not originally belong to it. "Holland's translation of Livy represents the Romans as being `in the dumps' after the battle of Cannæ." Trench.

2. Absence of mind; revery. Locke.

3. A melancholy strain or tune in music; any tune. [Obs.] "Tune a deploring dump." "Play me some merry dump." Shak.

4. An old kind of dance. [Obs.] Nares.

Dump (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dumping.] [OE. dumpen to throw down, fall down, cf. Icel. dumpa to thump, Dan. dumpe to fall suddenly, rush, dial. Sw. dimpa to fall down plump. Cf. Dump sadness.] 1. To knock heavily; to stump. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. To put or throw down with more or less of violence; hence, to unload from a cart by tilting it; as, to dump sand, coal, etc. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Dumping car or cart, a railway car, or a cart, the body of which can be tilted to empty the contents; -- called also dump car, or dump cart.

Dump, n. 1. A car or boat for dumping refuse, etc.

2. A ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.

3. That which is dumped.

4. (Mining) A pile of ore or rock.

Dump"age (?), n. 1. The act of dumping loads from carts, especially loads of refuse matter; also, a heap of dumped matter.

2. A fee paid for the privilege of dumping loads.

Dump"i*ness (?), n. The state of being dumpy.

Dump"ish, a. Dull; stupid; sad; moping; melancholy. " A . . . dumpish and sour life." Lord Herbert.

-- Dump"ish*ly, adv. -- Dump"ish*ness, n.

Dum"ple (?), v. t. [See Dumpling.] To make dumpy; to fold, or bend, as one part over another. [R.]

> He was a little man, dumpled up together.

Sir W. Scott.

Dump"ling (?), n. [Dimin. of dump an illshapen piece; cf. D. dompelen to plunge, dip, duck, Scot. to dump in to plunge into, and E. dump, v. t.] A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit, and boiled or baked; as, an apple dumpling.

Dump"y (?), a. [Compar. Dumpier (?); superl. Dumpiest.] [1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece. 2. From Dump sadness.] 1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.

2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Dun (?), n. [See Dune.] A mound or small hill.

Dun, v. t. To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.

Dun (dn), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Dunned (dnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning (dn"nng).] [AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr, duna, noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din. √74. See Din.] To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately.

> Hath she sent so soon to dun?

Swift.

Dun, n. 1. One who duns; a dunner.

> To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun.

Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun.

Dun, a. [AS. dunn, of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn, Ir. & Gael. donn.] Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.

> Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up.

Pierpont.

> Chill and dun
> Falls on the moor the brief November day.

Keble.

Dun crow (Zoöl.), the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called hoody, and hoddy. -- Dun diver (Zoöl.), the goosander or merganser.

Dun"bird` (?), n. [Named from its color.] (Zoöl.) (a) The pochard; -- called also dunair, and dunker, or dun- curre. (b) An American duck; the ruddy duck.

Dunce (?), n. [From Joannes Duns Scotus, a schoolman called the Subtle Doctor, who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns man". See Note below.] One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt.

> I never knew this town without dunces of figure.

Swift.

The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.

Dunce"dom (?), n. The realm or domain of dunces. [Jocose] Carlyle.

Dun"cer*y (?), n. Dullness; stupidity.

Dun"ci*cal (?), a. Like a dunce; duncish.

> The most dull and duncical commissioner.

Fuller.

Dun"ci*fy (?), v. t. [Dunce + -fy.] To make stupid in intellect. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Dun"cish (?), a. Somewhat like a dunce. [R.]

-- Dun"cish*ness, n. [R.]

Dun"der (?), n. [Cf. Sp. redundar to overflow.] The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum. [West Indies]

> The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour.

B. Edwards.

Dun"der*head` (?), n. [Prov. Eng. also dunderpoll, from dunder, same as thunder.] A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead. Beau. & Fl.

Dun"der-head`ed, a. Thick-headed; stupid.

Dun"der*pate` (?), n. See Dunderhead.

Dune (?), n. [The same word as down: cf. D. duin. See Down a bank of sand.] A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun.]

> Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths.

Motley.

Dun"fish (?), n. Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior quality.

Dung (?), n. [AS. dung; akin to G. dung, dünger, OHG. tunga, Sw. dynga; cf. Icel. dyngja heap, Dan. dynge, MHG. tunc underground dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. Dingy.] The excrement of an animal. Bacon.

Dung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dunging.] 1. To manure with dung. Dryden.

2. (Calico Print.) To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.

Dung, v. i. To void excrement. Swift.

Dun`ga*ree" (?), n. A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also dungari.] [India]

Dun"geon (?), n. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio, the same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame, Don, and cf. Dominion, Domain, Demesne, Danger, Donjon.] A close, dark prison, common&?;, under ground, as if the lower apartments of the donjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons.

> Down with him even into the deep dungeon.

Tyndale.

> Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon.

Macaulay.

Dun"geon, v. t. To shut up in a dungeon. Bp. Hall.

Dung"fork` (?), n. A fork for tossing dung.

Dung"hill` (?), n. 1. A heap of dung.

2. Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode.

> He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill.

1. Sam. ii. 8.

Dunghill fowl, a domestic fowl of common breed.

Dung"meer` (?), n. [Dung + (prob.) meer a pool.] A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.

Dung"y (?), a. Full of dung; filthy; vile; low. Shak.

Dung"yard` (?), n. A yard where dung is collected.

Dun"ker (?), n. [G. tunken to dip.] One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; -- called also Tunkers, Dunkards, Dippers, and, by themselves, Brethren, and German Baptists.

The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a few years the members emigrated to the United States.

Seventh-day Dunkers, a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the Sabbath.

Dun"lin (?), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. dun hill (E. dune), and linne pool, pond, lake, E. lin.] (Zoöl.) A species of sandpiper (Tringa alpina); -- called also churr, dorbie, grass bird, and red-backed sandpiper. It is found both in Europe and America.

Dun"nage (?), n. [Cf. Dun a mound.] (Naut.) Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.

Dun"ner (?), n. [From Dun to ask payment from.] One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

Dun"nish (?), a. Inclined to a dun color. Ray.

Dun"nock (?), n. [Cf. Dun,a.] (Zoöl.) The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor. [Local, Eng.]

Dun"ny (?), a. Deaf; stupid.[Prov. Eng.]

> My old dame Joan is something dunny, and will scarce know how to manage.

Sir W. Scott.

Dunt (?), n. [Dint.] A blow. [Obs.] R. of Glouc.

Dunt"ed, a. Beaten; hence, blunted. [Obs.]

> Fencer's swords . . . having the edge dunted.

Fuller.

Dun"ter (?), n. (Zoöl.) A porpoise. [Scott.]

Dunter goose (Zoöl.) the eider duck. J. Brand.

Du"o (?), n. [It. duo, fr. L. duo two. See Duet.] (Mus.) A composition for two performers; a duet.

Du`o*dec`a*he"dral (?), a., Du`o*dec`a*he"dron (&?;), n. See Dodecahedral, and Dodecahedron.

Du`o*de*cen"ni*al (?), a. [L. duodecennis; duodecim twelve + annus year.] Consisting of twelve years. [R.] Ash.

Du`o*dec"i*mal (?), a. [L. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.] Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves. -- Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly, adv.

Du`o*dec"i*mal, n. 1. A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch.

2. pl. (Arch.) A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.

Du`o*dec"im*fid (?), a. [L. duodecim twelve + findere to cleave.] Divided into twelve parts.

Du`o*dec"i*mo (?), a. [L. in duodecimo in twelfth, fr. duodecimus twelfth, fr. duodecim twelve. See Dozen.] Having twelve leaves to a sheet; as, a duodecimo from, book, leaf, size, etc.

Du*o*dec"i*mo, n.; pl. Duodecimos (&?;). A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 12mo or 12°.

Du`o*dec"u*ple (?), a. [L. duo two + &?; decuple.] Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot.

Du`o*de"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. duodénal.] Of or pertaining to the duodenum; as, duodenal digestion.

Du`o*den"a*ry (?), a. [L. duodenarius, fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodénaire.] Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves; duodecimal.

||Du`o*de"num (?), n. [NL., fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodenum. So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.] (Anat.) The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the jejunum. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive.

Du`o*lit"er*al (?), a. [L. duo two + E. literal.] Consisting of two letters only; biliteral. Stuart.

||Duo"mo (?), n. [It. See Done.] A cathedral. See Dome, 2.

> Of tower or duomo, sunny sweet.

Tennyson.

Dup (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. do up, that is, to lift up the latch. Cf. Don, Doff.] To open; as, to dup the door. [Obs.] Shak.

Dup"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being duped.

Dupe (dp), n. [F., prob. from Prov. F. dupe, dube; of unknown origin; equiv. to F. huppe hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf. Armor. houpérik hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also Gull, Booby.] One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull; as, the dupe of a schemer.

Dupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duped (dpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Duping.] [Cf. F. duper, fr. dupe. See Dupe, n.] To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; to gull; as, dupe one by flattery.

> Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits.

Coleridge.

Dup"er (?), n. One who dupes another.

Dup"er*y (?), n. [F. duperie, fr. duper.] The act or practice of duping. [R.]

Du"pi*on (?), n. [F. doupion, It. doppione, fr. doppio double, L. duplus. See Double, and cf. Doubloon.] A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.

Du"ple (?), a. [L. duplus. See Double.] Double.

Duple ratio (Math.), that in which the antecedent term is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.

||Du"plex (?), a. [L., fr. duo two + plicare to fold. See Two, and Complex.] Double; twofold.

Duplex escapement, a peculiar kind of watch escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See Escapement. -- Duplex lathe, one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated upon. -- Duplex pumping engine, a steam pump in which two steam cylinders are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other. -- Duplex querela [L., double complaint] (Eccl. Law), a complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop. Mozley & W. -- Duplex telegraphy, a system of telegraphy for sending two messages over the same wire simultaneously. -- Duplex watch, one with a duplex escapement.

Du"pli*cate (?), a. [L. duplicatus, p. p. of duplicare to double, fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex.] Double; twofold.

Duplicate proportion or ratio (Math.), the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

Du"pli*cate, n. 1. That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart.

> I send a duplicate both of it and my last dispatch.

Sir W. Temple.

2. (Law) An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original. Burrill.

Du"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duplicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Duplicating.] 1. To double; to fold; to render double.

2. To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of. Glanvill.

3. (Biol.) To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, infusoria duplicate themselves.

Du`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. duplicatio: cf. F. duplication.] 1. The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a doubling; a folding over; a fold.

2. (Biol.) The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells. Carpenter.

Duplication of the cube (Math.), the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

Du"pli*ca*tive (?), a. 1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.) Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth. "Duplicative subdivision." Carpenter.

Du"pli*ca*ture (?), n. [Cf. F. duplicature.] A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

Du*plic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Duplicities (#). [F. duplicité, L. duplicitas, fr. duplex double. See Duplex.] 1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic]

> Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things.

I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one set of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith.

> Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution.

Burke.

<! p. 462 !>

3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone. (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton.

Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.

Dup"per (?), n. See 2d Dubber.

||Dur (?), a. [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.) Major; in the major mode; as, C dur, that is, C major.

||Du"ra (?), n. Short form for Dura mater.

Du`ra*bil"i*ty, n. [L. durabilitas.] The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness.

> A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability.

Blair.

Du"ra*ble (?), a. [L. durabilis, fr. durare to last: cf. F. durable. See Dure.] Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness.

> Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness.

Prov. viii. 18.

> An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable.

De Quincey.

Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting.

Du"ra*ble*ness, n. Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability.

> The durableness of the metal that supports it.

Addison.

Du"ra*bly, adv. In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

Du"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

||Du"ra ma"ter (?). [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called mater, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.] (Anat.) The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; -- frequently abbreviated to dura.

||Du*ra"men (?), n. [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e., ligneous, vine branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure.] (Bot.) The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

Dur"ance (?), n. [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.] 1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic]

> Of how short durance was this new-made state!

Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak. "Durance vile." Burns.

> In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint.

Pope.

3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting.

> Where didst thou buy this buff? let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance.

J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes.

Dur"an*cy (?), n. Duration. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Dur"ant (?), n. [F. durant, p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance.] See Durance, 3.

||Du*ran"te (?), prep. [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to last.] (Law) During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito, during pleasure.

Du*ra"tion (?), n. [OF. duration. See Dure.] The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists.

> It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited.

Macaulay.

> Soon shall have passed our own human duration.

D. Webster.

Dur"a*tive (?), a. Continuing; not completed; implying duration.

> Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on.

J. Byrne.

Dur"bar (?), n. [Hind. darbr, fr. Per dar&?;r house, court, hall of audience; dar door, gate + br court, assembly.] An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India. [India] [Written also darbar.]

Dure (?), a. [L. durus; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur &?;, stubborn, W. dir certain, sure, cf. Gr. &?; force.] Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.]

> The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude.

W. H. Russell.

Dure, v. i. [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.] To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

> Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while.

Matt. xiii. 21.

Dure"ful (?), a. Lasting. [Obs.] Spenser.

Dure"less, a. Not lasting. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Du"rene (?), n. [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4, off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

Du"ress (?), n. [OF. duresse, du&?;, hardship, severity, L. duritia, durities, fr. durus hard. See Dure.] 1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty.

> The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force.

Burke.

2. (Law) The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.

Du*ress" (?), v. t. To subject to duress. "The party duressed." Bacon.

Du*ress"or (?), n. (Law) One who subjects another to duress Bacon.

||Dur"ga (?), n. (Myth.) Same as Doorga.

Dur"ham (?), n. One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.

{ Du"ri*an (?), or Du"ri*on (?) }, n. (Bot.) The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

Dur"ing (?), prep. [Orig., p. pr. of dure.] In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.

||Du"ri*o (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay d&?;ri thorn.] (Bot.) A fruit tree (D. zibethinus, the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

Du"ri*ty (?), n. [L. duritas, fr. durus hard.] [Obs.] 1. Hardness; firmness. Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty. Cockeram.

Du*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L. durus hard + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.

Du"rous (?), a. [L. durus.] Hard. [Obs. & R.]

Dur"ra (?), n. [Ar. dhorra.] (Bot.) A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare; -- called also Indian millet, and Guinea corn. [Written also dhoorra, dhurra, doura, etc.]

Durst (?), imp. of Dare. See Dare, v. i.

||Du`ru*ku"li (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (Nyctipthecus trivirgatus). [Written also douroucouli.]

Du*ryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic acid.

Duse (?), n. A demon or spirit. See Deuce.

Dusk (?), a. [OE. dusc, dosc, deosc; cf. dial. Sw. duska to drizzle, dusk a slight shower. &?;&?;&?;.] Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky.

> A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades.

Milton.

Dusk, n. 1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.

2. A darkish color.

> Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin.

Dryden.

Dusk, v. t. To make dusk. [Archaic]

> After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth.

Holland.

Dusk, v. i. To grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.

Dusk"en (?), v. t. To make dusk or obscure. [R.]

> Not utterly defaced, but only duskened.

Nicolls.

Dusk"i*ly (?), adv. In a dusky manner. Byron.

Dusk"i*ness, n. The state of being dusky.

Dusk"ish, a. Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser. -- Dusk"ish*ly, adv. -- Dusk"ish*ness, n.

Dusk"ness, n. Duskiness. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

Dusk"y (?), a. 1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley.

> Through dusky lane and wrangling mart.

Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon.

> When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky.

Dryden.

> The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur.

Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy.

> This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect.

Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded.

> Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology.

Sir P. Sidney.

Dust (dst), n. [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD. doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume. √71.] 1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled to minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust.

> Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

Gen. iii. 19.

> Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust.

Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust of England's ground." Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.

> For now shall sleep in the dust.

Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.

> And you may carve a shrine about my dust.

Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing.

> And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust.

Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition.

> [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust.

1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang) Coined money; cash.

Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." Fuller. -- Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); -- called also smut. -- Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight. -- In dust and ashes. See under Ashes. -- To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t. -- To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

Dust (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting.] 1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat.

To dyst one's jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

Dust"brush` (?), n. A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.

Dust"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust. Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling) A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]

Dust"i*ness (?), n. The state of being dusty.

Dust"less, a. Without dust; as a dustless path.

Dust"man (-mn), p.; pl. Dustmen (-mn). One whose employment is to remove dirt and refuse. Gay.

Dust"pan` (-pn`), n. A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.

Dust"-point` (?), n. An old rural game.

> With any boy at dust-point they shall play.

Peacham (1620).

Dust"y (-), a. [Compar. Dustier (-*r); superl. Dustiest (-*st).] [AS. dystig. See Dust.] 1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a dusty table; also, reducing to dust.

> And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
> The way to dusty death.

Shak.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as, a dusty white.

Dusty miller (Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); -- so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.

Dutch (?), a. [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig., popular, national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG. diutisk, fr. diot, diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS. peód, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth. piuda; cf. Lith. tauta land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.] Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.

Dutch auction. See under Auction. -- Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk. -- Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape. -- Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland. -- Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs. [Slang] -- Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat. -- Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. -- Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf. -- Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant. - - Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals. -- Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. Weale. -- Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E. hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; -- called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See Equisetum. -- Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.

Dutch was formerly used for German.

> Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains.

Fuller.

Dutch, n. 1. pl. The people of Holland; Dutchmen.

2. The language spoken in Holland.

Dutch"man (?), n.; pl. Dutchmen (&?;). A native, or one of the people, of Holland.

Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra. - - Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower (Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit. -- Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.

Du"te*ous (?), a. [From Duty.] 1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous son or daughter.

2. Subservient; obsequious.

> Duteous to the vices of thy mistress.

Shak.

-- Du"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Du"te*ous*ness, n.

Du"ti*a*ble (?), a. [From Duty.] Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.]

> All kinds of dutiable merchandise.

Hawthorne.

Du"tied (?), a. Subjected to a duty. Ames.

Du"ti*ful (?), a. 1. Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference; submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or superiors; as, a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.

2. Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; as, dutiful affection.

Syn. -- Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile; respectful; compliant.

-- Du"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Du"ti*ful*ness, n.

Du"ty (?), n.; pl. Duties (#). [From Due.] 1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.]

> When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty.

Tyndale.

<! p. 463 !>

2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory.

> Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country.

Hallam.

3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty.

> With records sweet of duties done.

Keble.

> To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty.

Hallam.

> Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them.

C. J. Smith.

4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. Shak.

5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. "My duty to you." Shak.

6. (Engin.) The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

7. (Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods.

An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.]

Ad valorem duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See Ad valorem. -- Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. -- On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.

||Du*um"vir (?), n.; pl. E. Duumvirs (#), L. Duumviri (#). [L., fr. duo two + vir man.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.

Du*um"vi*ral (?), a. [L. duumviralis.] Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.

Du*um"vi*rate (?), n. [L. duumviratus, fr. duumvir.] The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient Rome.

||Dux (?), n. [L., leader.] (Mus.) The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the answer being called the comes, or companion.

||Duy"ker*bok (?), n. [D. duiker diver + bok a buck, lit., diver buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.] (Zoöl.) A small South African antelope (Cephalous mergens); -- called also impoon, and deloo.

Du*young" (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dugong.

D" valve` (?). (Mech.) A kind of slide valve. See Slide valve, under Slide.

||Dver"gr (?), n.; pl. Dvergar (#). [See Dwarf.] (Scand. Myth.) A dwarf supposed to dwell in rocks and hills and to be skillful in working metals.

Dwale (?), n. [OE. dwale, dwole, deception, deadly nightshade, AS. dwala, dwola, error, doubt; akin to E. dull. See Dull, a.] 1. (Bot.) The deadly nightshade (Atropa Belladonna), having stupefying qualities.

2. (Her.) The tincture sable or black when blazoned according to the fantastic system in which plants are substituted for the tinctures.

3. A sleeping potion; an opiate. Chaucer.

Dwang (?), n. [Cf. D. dwingen to force, compel.] 1. (Carp.) A piece of wood set between two studs, posts, etc., to stiffen and support them.

2. (Mech.) (a) A kind of crowbar. (b) A large wrench. Knight.

Dwarf (?), n.; pl. Dwarfs (#). [OE. dwergh, dwerf, dwarf, AS. dweorg, dweorh; akin to D. dwerg, MHG. twerc, G. zwerg, Icel. dvergr, Sw. & Dan. dverg; of unknown origin.] An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being.

During the Middle Ages dwarfs as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility.

Dwarf is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, dwarf tree; dwarf honeysuckle.

Dwarf elder (Bot.), danewort. -- Dwarf wall (Arch.), a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence. Gwilt.

Dwarf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dwarfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dwarfing.] To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt. Addison.

> Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and dwarfed, if cut off from a spiritual background.

J. C. Shairp.

Dwarf, v. i. To become small; to diminish in size.

> Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions dwarf.

Beaconsfield.

Dwarf"ish, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; petty; as, a dwarfish animal, shrub. -- Dwarf"ish*ly, adv. -- Dwarf"ish*ness, n.

Dwarf"ling (?), n. A diminutive dwarf.

Dwarf"y (?), a. Much undersized. [R.] Waterhouse.

{ Dwaul, Dwaule } (?), v. i. [See Dull, Dwell.] To be delirious. [Obs.] Junius.

Dwell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwelled (?), usually contracted into Dwelt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Dwelling.] [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dvæle to linger, and to E. dull. See Dull, and cf. Dwale.] 1. To delay; to linger. [Obs.]

2. To abide; to remain; to continue.

> I 'll rather dwell in my necessity.

Shak.

> Thy soul was like a star and dwelt apart.

Wordsworth.

3. To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside.

> The parish in which I was born, dwell, and have possessions.

Peacham.

> The poor man dwells in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides.

C. J. Smith.

To dwell in, to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on. "My hopes in heaven to dwell." Shak. -- To dwell on or upon, to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; as, to dwell upon a subject; a singer dwells on a note.

> They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement.

Buckminster.

Syn. -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.

Dwell (?), v. t. To inhabit. [R.] Milton.

Dwell"er (?), n. An inhabitant; a resident; as, a cave dweller. "Dwellers at Jerusalem." Acts i. 19.

Dwell"ing, n. Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode; domicile.

> Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons.

Jer. xlix. 33.

> God will deign
> To visit oft the dwellings of just men.

Milton.

> Philip's dwelling fronted on the street.

Tennyson.

Dwelling house, a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in distinction from a store, office, or other building. -- Dwelling place, place of residence.

Dwelt (?), imp. & p. p.of Dwell.

Dwin"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Dwindled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dwindling (?).] [From OE. dwinen to languish, waste away, AS. dwnan; akin to LG. dwinen, D. dwijnen to vanish, Icel. dvna to cease, dwindle, Sw. tvina; of uncertain origin. The suffix -le, preceded by d excrescent after n, is added to the root with a diminutive force.] To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away.

> Weary sennights nine times nine
> Shall he dwindle, peak and pine.

Shak.

> Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions,
> are said to have dwindled into factious clubs.

Swift.

Dwin"dle, v. t. 1. To make less; to bring low.

> Our drooping days are dwindled down to naught.

Thomson.

2. To break; to disperse. [R.] Clarendon.

Dwin"dle, n. The process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy. [R.] Johnson.

Dwin"dle*ment (?), n. The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling. [R.] Mrs. Oliphant.

Dwine (?), v. i. [See Dwindle.] To waste away; to pine; to languish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower.

Dy"ad (?), n. [L. dyas, dyadis, the number two. Gr. &?;: cf. F. dyade. See two, and cf. Duad.] 1. Two units treated as one; a couple; a pair.

2. (Chem.) An element, atom, or radical having a valence or combining power of two.

Dy"ad, a. (Chem.) Having a valence or combining power of two; capable of being substituted for, combined with, or replaced by, two atoms of hydrogen; as, oxygen and calcium are dyad elements. See Valence.

Dy*ad"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; two.] Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements.

Dyadic arithmetic, the same as binary arithmetic.

Dy"aks (?), n. pl.; sing. Dyak. (Ethnol.) The aboriginal and most numerous inhabitants of Borneo. They are partially civilized, but retain many barbarous practices.

||Dy"as (?), n. [L. dyas the number two.] (Geol.) A name applied in Germany to the Permian formation, there consisting of two principal groups.

Dye (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dyeing.] [OE. deyan, dyen, AS. deágian.] To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to, as by the application of dyestuffs.

> Cloth to be dyed of divers colors.

Trench.

> The soul is dyed by its thoughts.

Lubbock.

To dye in the grain, To dye in the wool (Fig.), to dye firmly; to imbue thoroughly.

> He might truly be termed a legitimate son of the revenue system dyed in the wool.

Hawthorne.

Syn. -- See Stain.

Dye, n. 1. Color produced by dyeing.

2. Material used for dyeing; a dyestuff.

Dye, n. Same as Die, a lot. Spenser.

Dye"house` (?), n. A building in which dyeing is carried on.

Dye"ing (?), n. The process or art of fixing coloring matters permanently and uniformly in the fibers of wool, cotton, etc.

Dy"er (?), n. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like.

Dyer's broom, Dyer's rocket, Dyer's weed. See Dyer's broom, under Broom.

Dye"stuff` (?), n. A material used for dyeing.

Dye"wood` (?), n. Any wood from which coloring matter is extracted for dyeing.

Dy"ing (?), a. 1. In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; as, dying bodies.

2. Of or pertaining to dying or death; as, dying bed; dying day; dying words; also, simulating a dying state.

Dy"ing, n. The act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.

Dy"ing*ly, adv. In a dying manner; as if at the point of death. Beau. & Fl.

Dy"ing*ness, n. The state of dying or the stimulation of such a state; extreme languor; languishment. [R.]

> Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of dyingness; you see that picture, Foible, -- a swimmingness in the eyes; yes, I'll look so.

Congreve.

Dyke (?), n. See Dike. The spelling dyke is restricted by some to the geological meaning.

Dy*nac`ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; power + E. actinometer.] An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.

Dy"nam (?), n. [Cf. F. dyname. See Dynamic.] A unit of measure for dynamical effect or work; a foot pound. See Foot pound. Whewell.

Dy*nam"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; power + -meter: cf. F. dynamètre. Cf. Dynamometer.] 1. A dynamometer.

2. (Opt.) An instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes, consisting usually of a doubleimage micrometer applied to the eye end of a telescope for measuring accurately the diameter of the image of the object glass there formed; which measurement, compared with the actual diameter of the glass, gives the magnifying power.

Dy`na*met"ric*al (?), a. Pertaining to a dynameter.

{ Dy*nam"ic (?), Dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; powerful, fr. &?; power, fr. &?; to be able; cf. L. durus hard, E. dure: cf. F. dynamique.] 1. Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force.

> Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is dynamic, not divine.

J. Martineau.

> The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by dynamic, causes.

J. Peile.

2. Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; as, dynamical geology.

> As natural science has become more dynamic, so has history.

Prof. Shedd.

Dynamical electricity. See under Electricity.

Dy*nam"ic*al*ly, adv. In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces. J. Peile.

Dy*nam"ics (?), n. 1. That branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of bodies (kinematics) and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion (kinetics). Dynamics is held by some recent writers to include statics and not kinematics.

2. The moving moral, as well as physical, forces of any kind, or the laws which relate to them.

3. (Mus.) That department of musical science which relates to, or treats of, the power of tones.

Dy"na*mism (?), n. [Cf. F. dynamisme. See Dynamics.] The doctrine of Leibnitz, that all substance involves force.

Dy"na*mist (?), n. One who accounts for material phenomena by a theory of dynamics.

> Those who would resolve matter into centers of force may be said to constitute the school of dynamists.

Ward (Dyn. Sociol. ).

Dy"na*mi`tard (?), n. A political dynamiter. [A form found in some newspapers.]

Dy"na*mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; power. See Dynamic.] (Chem.) An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.

Dy"na*mi`ter (?), n. One who uses dynamite; esp., one who uses it for the destruction of life and property.

Dy"na*mi`ting (?), n. Destroying by dynamite, for political ends.

> Dynamiting is not the American way.

The Century.

Dy"na*mi`tism (?), n. The work of dynamiters.

Dy"na*mi*za`tion (?), [Gr. &?; power. See Dynamic.] (Homeop.) The act of setting free the dynamic powers of a medicine, as by shaking the bottle containing it.

Dy"na*mo (?), n. A dynamo-electric machine.

Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?; power + E. electric. See Dynamic.] Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or electrical currents by mechanical power.

Dy*nam"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; power + -graph. See Dynamic.] (Physiol.) A dynamometer to which is attached a device for automatically registering muscular power.

Dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Cf. F. dynamomètre. See Dynameter.] An apparatus for measuring force or power; especially, muscular effort of men or animals, or the power developed by a motor, or that required to operate machinery.

It usually embodies a spring to be compressed or weight to be sustained by the force applied, combined with an index, or automatic recorder, to show the work performed.

{ Dy`na*mo*met"ric (?), Dy`na*mo*met"ric*al (?), } a. Relating to a dynamometer, or to the measurement of force doing work; as, dynamometrical instruments.

Dy`na*mom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring forces doing work.

Dy"nast (?), n. [L. dynastes, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be able or strong: cf. F. dynaste. See Dynamic.] 1. A ruler; a governor; a prince.

2. A dynasty; a government. [Obs.]

||Dy*nas"ta (?), n. [NL. See Dynast.] A tyrant. [Obs.] Milton.

Dy*nas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; of a dynast, fr. &?;: cf. F. dunastique.] Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings. Motley.

Dy*nas"tic*al (?), a. Dynastic.

Dy*nas"ti*dan (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fem. of &?;. See Dynast. The name alludes to the immense size of some species.] (Zoöl.) One of a group of gigantic, horned beetles, including Dynastus Neptunus, and the Hercules beetle (D. Hercules) of tropical America, which grow to be six inches in length.

<! p. 464 !>

Dy"nas*ty (d"nas*t or dn"as*t; 277), n.; pl. Dynasties (-tz). [Gr. dynastei`a lordship, fr. dynastey`ein to hold power or lordship, fr. dyna`sths: cf. F. dynastie dynasty. See Dynast.] 1. Sovereignty; lordship; dominion. Johnson.

2. A race or succession of kings, of the same line or family; the continued lordship of a race of rulers.

Dyne (?), n. [Formed fr. Gr. &?; power. See Dynamic.] (Physics) The unit of force, in the C. G. S. (Centimeter Gram Second) system of physical units; that is, the force which, acting on a gram for a second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second.

Dys- (?). An inseparable prefix, fr. the Greek &?; hard, ill, and signifying ill, bad, hard, difficult, and the like; cf. the prefixes, Skr. dus-, Goth. tuz-, OHG. zur-, G. zer-, AS. to-, Icel. tor-, Ir. do-.

||Dys`æs*the"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. dys- ill, bad + &?; to perceive, to feel.] (Med.) Impairment of any of the senses, esp. of touch.

||Dys*cra"si*a (?), n. [NL. dyscrasia, fr. Gr. dyskrasi`a; dys- bad + kra^sis mixture, fr. keranny`nai to mix: cf. F. dycrasie.] (Med.) An ill habit or state of the constitution; -- formerly regarded as dependent on a morbid condition of the blood and humors.

Dys"cra*site (?), n. [Gr. dys- bad + &?; compound.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of antimony and silver.

Dys"cra*sy (?), n.; pl. Discrasies (&?;). Dycrasia.

> Sin is a cause of dycrasies and distempers.

Jer. Taylor.

{ Dys`en*ter"ic (?), Dys`en*ter"ic*al (?), } a. [L. dysentericus, Gr. &?;; cf. F. dysentérigue.] Of or pertaining to dysentery; having dysentery; as, a dysenteric patient. "Dysenteric symptoms." Copland.

Dys"en*ter*y (?), n. [L. dysenteria, Gr. &?;; dys- ill, bad + &?;, pl. &?;, intestines, fr. 'ento`s within, fr. &?; in, akin to E. in: cf. F. dysenterie. See Dys, and In.] (Med.) A disease attended with inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum, and characterized by griping pains, constant desire to evacuate the bowels, and the discharge of mucus and blood.

When acute, dysentery is usually accompanied with high fevers. It occurs epidemically, and is believed to be communicable through the medium of the alvine discharges.

Dys`ge*nes"ic (?), a. Not procreating or breeding freely; as, one race may be dysgenesic with respect to another. Darwin.

||Dys*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. dys- + genesis.] (Biol.) A condition of not generating or breeding freely; infertility; a form of homogenesis in which the hybrids are sterile among themselves, but are fertile with members of either parent race.

Dys`lo*gis"tic (?), a. [Gr. dys- ill, bad, + &?; discourse, fr. &?; to speak.] Unfavorable; not commendatory; -- opposed to eulogistic.

> There is no course of conduct for which dyslogistic or eulogistic epithets may be found.

J. F. Stephen.

> The paternity of dyslogistic -- no bantling, but now almost a centenarian -- is adjudged to that genius of common sense, Jeremy Bentham.

Fitzed. Hall.

Dys"lu*ite (?), n. [Gr. dys- ill, hard + &?; to loose, dissolve.] (Min.) A variety of the zinc spinel or gahnite.

Dys"ly*sin (?), n. [Gr. dys- ill, hard + &?; a loosing.] (Physiol. Chem.) A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile; -- so called because it is difficult to solve.

||Dys*men`or*rhe"a (?), n. [Gr. dys- ill, hard + &?; month + &?; to flow.] (Med.) Difficult and painful menstruation.

Dys"no*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; dys- ill, bad + &?; law.] Bad legislation; the enactment of bad laws. Cockeram.

Dys"o*dile (?), n. [Gr. &?; ill smell, from &?; ill-smelling; dys- ill, bad + &?; to smell.] (Min.) An impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid odor when burning.

{ Dys*pep"si*a (?), Dys*pep"sy (?; 277), }[L. dyspepsia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hard to digest; dys- ill, hard + &?; to cook, digest; akin to E. cook: cf. F. dyspepsie. See Dys-, and 3d Cook.] (Med.) A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or, if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc. Dunglison.

{ Dys*pep"tic (?), Dys*pep"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; as, a dyspeptic or dyspeptical symptom.

Dys*pep"tic, n. A person afflicted with dyspepsia.

Dys*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. dys- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice. Meissner.

{ ||Dys*pha"gi*a (?), Dys"pha*gy (?), } n. [NL. dysphagia, fr. Gr. dys- ill, hard + &?; to eat.] (Med.) Difficulty in swallowing.

{ ||Dys*pho"ni*a (?), Dys"pho*ny (?), } n. [NL. dysphonia, Gr. &?;; dys- ill, hard + &?; sound, voice: cf. F. dysphonie.] (Med.) A difficulty in producing vocal sounds; enfeebled or depraved voice.

||Dys*pho"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hard to bear; dys- ill, hard + fe`rein to bear: cf. F. dysphorie.] (Med.) Impatience under affliction; morbid restlessness; dissatisfaction; the fidgets.

||Dysp*nœ"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; short of breath; pref. dys- ill, hard + &?;, &?;, breathing, &?; to blow, breathe: cf. F. dyspnée.] (Med.) Difficulty of breathing.

Dysp*no"ic (?), a. (Med.) Affected with shortness of breath; relating to dyspnœa.

Dys*te`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. dys- + teleology.] (Biol.) The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view of their being useless to the life of the organism.

> To the doctrine of dysteleology, or the denial of final causes, a proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must necessarily be fatal.

Word (Dynamic Sociology).

||Dys*to"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; dys- ill, hard + to`kos delivery.] (Med.) Difficult delivery pr parturition.

Dys"tome (?), a. [Gr. dys- ill, hard + tomo`s cutting, diate`mnein to cut.] (Min.) Cleaving with difficulty.

Datolite was called dystome spar by Mohs.

{ ||Dys*u"ri*a (?), Dys"u*ry (?), } n. [L. dysuria, Gr. &?;; dys- + &?; urine: cf. F. dysurie.] (Med.) Difficult or painful discharge of urine.

Dys*u"ric (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. dysurique.] Pertaining to, or afflicted with, dysury.

{ Dze"ren (?), Dze"ron (?), } n. (Zoöl.) The Chinese yellow antelope (Procapra gutturosa), a remarkably swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet, and China.

Dzig"ge*tai (?), n. (Zoöl.) The kiang, a wild horse or wild ass of Thibet (Asinus hemionus).

The name is sometimes applied also to the koulan or onager. See Koulan.

E.

E (). 1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet. It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Phœnician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara.

The letter e has in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in mne, cne, mte, which without the final e would be pronounced mn, cn, mt. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97.

2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E.

E-. A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See Ex-.

Each (ch), a. or a. pron. [OE. eche, ælc, elk, ilk, AS. ælc; always + gelc like; akin to OD. iegelik, OHG. ogilh, MHG. iegelch, G. jeglich. √209. See 3d Aye, Like, and cf. Either, Every, Ilk.] 1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you. "Each of the combatants." Fielding.

To each corresponds other. "Let each esteem other better than himself." Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective case.

> It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred.

Macaulay.

> Let each
> His adamantine coat gird well.

Milton.

> In each cheek appears a pretty dimple.

Shak.

> Then draw we nearer day by day,
> Each to his brethren, all to God.

Keble.

> The oak and the elm have each a distinct character.

Gilpin.

2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak.

> I know each lane and every alley green.

Milton.

> In short each man's happiness depends upon himself.

Sterne.

This use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall.

Syn. -- See Every.

Each"where` (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.]

> The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair.

Spenser.

Ead"ish (?), n. See Eddish.

Ea"ger (?), a. [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre, aigre, F. aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. &?; highest, extreme, Skr. a&?;ra point; fr. a root signifying to be sharp. Cf. Acrid, Edge.] 1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] "Like eager droppings into milk." Shak.

2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] "A nipping and an eager air." "Eager words." Shak.

3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase.

> And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes.

Shak.

> How eagerly ye follow my disgraces!

Shak.

> When to her eager lips is brought
> Her infant's thrilling kiss.

Keble.

> A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys.

Hawthorne.

> Conceit and grief an eager combat fight.

Shak.

4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.]

> Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it, that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself.

Locke.

Syn. -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense; impassioned; zealous; forward. See Earnest. -- Eager, Earnest. Eager marks an excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is eager for a plaything, a hungry man is eager for food, a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest denotes a permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations.

Ea"ger, n. Same as Eagre.

Ea"ger*ly, adv. In an eager manner.

Ea"ger*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. "The eagerness of love." Addison.

2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness.

Ea"gle (?), n. [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob. named from its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. aklas blind. Cf. Aquiline.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera Aquila and Haliæetus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik or imperialis); the American bald eagle (Haliæetus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H. albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle.

2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars.

3. (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See Aquila.

4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people.

> Though the Roman eagle shadow thee.

Tennyson.

Some modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle.

Bald eagle. See Bald eagle. -- Bold eagle. See under Bold. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars. -- Eagle hawk (Zoöl.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus Morphnus. -- Eagle owl (Zoöl.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl. -- Eagle ray (Zoöl.), any large species of ray of the genus Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila). -- Eagle vulture (Zoöl.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures.

Ea"gle-eyed` (?), a. Sharp-sighted as an eagle. "Inwardly eagle-eyed." Howell.

Ea"gle-sight`ed (?), a. Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. Shak.

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Ea"gless (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zoöl.) A female or hen eagle. [R.] Sherwood.

Ea"gle*stone (?), n. (Min.) A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs; aëtites.

Ea"glet (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zoöl.) A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.

Ea"gle-winged` (?), a. Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an eagle. Shak.

Ea"gle*wood` (?), n. [From Skr. aguru, through Pg. aguila; cf. F. bois d'aigle.] A kind of fragrant wood. See Agallochum.

Ea"grass (?), n. See Eddish. [Obs.]

Ea"gre (?), n. [AS. eágor, &?;gor, in comp., water, sea, eágor-streám water stream, sea.] A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly called the bore. See Bore.

{ Eal"der*man, Eal"dor*man (?) }, n. An alderman. [Obs.]

Eale (?), n. [See Ale.] Ale. [Obs.] Shak.

Eame (?), n. [AS. eám; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf. L. avunculus.] Uncle. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ean (?), v. t. & i. [AS. eánian. See Yean.] To bring forth, as young; to yean. "In eaning time." Shak.

Ean"ling (?), n. [See Ean, Yeanling.] A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. Shak.

Ear (?), n. [AS. eáre; akin to OFries. áre, ár, OS. &?;ra, D. oor, OHG. &?;ra, G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. öra, Dan. öre, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith. ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. &?;; cf. L. audire to hear, Gr. &?;, Skr. av to favor , protect. Cf. Auricle, Orillon.] 1. The organ of hearing; the external ear.

In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain.

2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only.

> Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear.

Tennyson.

3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell.

4. (Arch.) (a) Same as Acroterium. (b) Same as Crossette.

5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention.

> Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit.

Bacon.

> Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.

Shak.

About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zoöl.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. - - Ear vesicle (Zoöl.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.]

Ear (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earing.] To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her language." Two Noble Kinsmen.

Ear, n. [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. ähre, Icel., Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. &?;&?;&?;. Cf. Awn, Edge.] The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels.

> First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear.

Mark iv. 28.

Ear, v. i. To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this corn ears well.

Ear, v. t. [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era, OHG. erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, ären, Icel. erja, Goth. arjan, Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. &?;. Cf. Arable.] To plow or till; to cultivate. "To ear the land." Shak.

Ear"a*ble (?), a. Arable; tillable. [Archaic]

Ear"ache` (?), n. Ache or pain in the ear.

Ear"al (?), a. Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] Hewyt.

Ear"-bored` (?), a. Having the ear perforated.

Ear"cap` (?), n. A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.

Ear"coc`kle (?), n. (Bot.) A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms.

Ear"drop` (?), n. 1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops.

2. (Bot.) A species of primrose. See Auricula.

Ear"drum` (?), n. (Anat.) The tympanum. See Illust. of Ear.

Eared (?), a. 1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long- eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten- eared.

2. (Zoöl.) Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears.

Eared owl (Zoöl.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the long-eared owl, and short-eared owl. -- Eared seal (Zoöl.), any seal of the family Otariidæ, including the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal.

Ear"i*ness (?), n. [Scotch ery or eiry affected with fear.] Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural. [Written also eiryness.]

> The sense of eariness, as twilight came on.

De Quincey.

Ear"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff; -- also called head earing. (b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called reef earing. (c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions.

Ear"ing, n. Coming into ear, as corn.

Ear"ing, n. A plowing of land. [Archaic]

> Neither earing nor harvest.

Gen. xlv. 6.

Earl (?), n. [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS. erl boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. &?; male, Zend arshan man. Cf. Jarl.] A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See Count.

Earl, n. (Zoöl.) The needlefish. [Ireland]

Ear"lap` (?), n. The lobe of the ear.

Earl"dom (?), n. [AS. eorl- d&?;m; eorl man, noble + -d&?;m -dom.] 1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl.

2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl.

> He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom.

Chesterfield.

Earl"dor*man (?), n. Alderman. [Obs.]

Earl"duck` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator).

Earles" pen`ny (?). [Cf. Arles, 4th Earnest.] Earnest money. Same as Arles penny. [Obs.]

Ear"less (?), a. Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. Pope.

Ear"let (?), n. [Ear + - let.] An earring. [Obs.]

> The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets.

Judg. viii. 24 (Douay version).

Ear"li*ness (?), n. The state of being early or forward; promptness.

Earl" mar"shal (?). An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office or college of arms.

Ear"lock` (?), n. [AS. eár- locca.] A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See Lovelock.

Ear"ly (r"l), adv. [OE. erli, erliche, AS. rlce; r sooner + lc like. See Ere, and Like.] Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early.

> Those that me early shall find me.

Prov. viii. 17.

> You must wake and call me early.

Tennyson.

Ear"ly, a. [Compar. Earlier (r"l*r); superl. Earliest.] [OE. earlich. √204. See Early, adv.] 1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to late; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit.

> Early and provident fear is the mother of safety.

Burke.

> The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about them.

Hawthorne.

2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc.

> Seen in life's early morning sky.

Keble.

> The forms of its earlier manhood.

Longfellow.

> The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer.

J. C. Shairp.

Early English (Philol.) See the Note under English. -- Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Syn. -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable.

Ear"mark` (?), n. 1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or slitting.

2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark.

> Money is said to have no earmark.

Wharton.

> Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head, and his earmark.

Robynson (More's Utopia).

> A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon them, no tokens of a particular proprietor.

Burrow.

Ear"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earmarking.] To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear.

Earn (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott.

Earn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earning.] [AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn&?;n to reap, aran harvest, G. ernte, Goth. asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS. esne; cf. Icel. önn working season, work.] 1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not).

> The high repute
> Which he through hazard huge must earn.

Milton.

2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels.

> I earn that [what] I eat.

Shak.

> The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow.

Burke.

Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side.

Syn. -- See Obtain.

Earn (?), v. t. & i. [See 1st Yearn.] To grieve. [Obs.]

Earn, v. i. [See 4th Yearn.] To long; to yearn. [Obs.]

> And ever as he rode, his heart did earn
> To prove his puissance in battle brave.

Spenser.

Earn, v. i. [AS. irnan to run. √11. See Rennet, and cf. Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.]

Ear"nest (?), n. [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG. ernust, G. ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr. &?; to excite, L. oriri to rise.] Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness.

> Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.

Sir P. Sidney.

> And given in earnest what I begged in jest.

Shak.

In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.

Ear"nest, a. 1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers.

> An earnest advocate to plead for him.

Shak.

2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention.

3. Serious; important. [Obs.]

> They whom earnest lets do often hinder.

Hooker.

Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager.

Ear"nest, v. t. To use in earnest. [R.]

> To earnest them [our arms] with men.

Pastor Fido (1602).

Ear"nest, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra, arrha, arrhabo, Gr. 'arrabw`n, of Semitic origin, cf. Heb. rvn; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas, perh. fr. L. arra. Cf. Arles, Earles penny.] 1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come.

> Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts.

2 Cor. i. 22.

> And from his coffers
> Received the golden earnest of our death.

Shak.

2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin.

Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale.

Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph.

Ear"nest*ful (?), a. Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ear"nest*ly, adv. In an earnest manner.

Ear"nest*ness, n. The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety.

> An honest earnestness in the young man's manner.

W. Irving.

Earn"ful (?), a. [From Earn to yearn.] Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

Earn"ing, n.; pl. Earnings (&?;). That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.

> As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings.

Burke.

Ear"pick` (?), n. An instrument for removing wax from the ear.

Ear"-pier`cer (?), n. (Zoöl.) The earwig.

Ear"reach` (?), n. Earshot. Marston.

Ear"ring` (?), n. An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the ear, with or without a pendant.

Earsh (?), n. See Arrish.

Ear"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus Haliotis; -- called also sea-ear. See Abalone.

<! p. 466 !>

Ear"shot` (?), n. Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard. Dryden.

Ear"shrift` (?), n. A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.] Cartwright.

Ear"sore` (?), n. An annoyance to the ear. [R.]

> The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small earsore &?;s.

Sir T. Browne.

Ear"-split`ting (?), a. Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting strains.

Earst (?), adv. See Erst. [Obs.] Spenser.

Earth (?), n. [AS. eor&?;e; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe, D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. jör&?;, Sw. & Dan. jord, Goth. arpa, OHG. ero, Gr. &?;, adv., to earth, and perh. to E. ear to plow.] 1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits.

> That law preserves the earth a sphere
> And guides the planets in their course.

S. Rogers.

> In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell.

Milton.

2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from the air or water; the dry land.

> God called the dry land earth.

Gen. i. 10.

> He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of earth and water never appear in him.

Shak.

3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth; rich earth.

> Give him a little earth for charity.

Shak.

4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land.

> Would I had never trod this English earth.

Shak.

5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life.

> Our weary souls by earth beguiled.

Keble.

6. The people on the globe.

> The whole earth was of one language.

Gen. xi. 1.

7. (Chem.) (a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria. (b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta.

8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as, the earth of a fox. Macaulay.

> They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their earths.

Holland.

Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or earth-closet.

Adamic earth, Bitter earth, Bog earth, Chian earth, etc. See under Adamic, Bitter, etc. -- Alkaline earths. See under Alkaline. -- Earth apple. (Bot.) (a) A potato. (b) A cucumber. -- Earth auger, a form of auger for boring into the ground; -- called also earth borer. -- Earth bath, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for healing purposes. -- Earth battery (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture. -- Earth chestnut, the pignut. -- Earth closet, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the fæcal discharges. -- Earth dog (Zoöl.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter holes of foxes, etc. -- Earth hog, Earth pig (Zoöl.), the aard- vark. -- Earth hunger, an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of nations, to extend their domain. -- Earth light (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also earth shine. Sir J. Herschel. -- Earth metal. See 1st Earth, 7. (Chem.) -- Earth oil, petroleum. -- Earth pillars or pyramids (Geol.), high pillars or pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland. Lyell. -- Earth pitch (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum. -- Earth quadrant, a fourth of the earth's circumference. -- Earth table (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in a building; the ground table. -- On earth, an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do? Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.]

Earth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earthed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earthing.] 1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den. "The fox is earthed." Dryden.

2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with up.

> The miser earths his treasure, and the thief,
> Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon.

Young.

> Why this in earthing up a carcass?

R. Blair.

Earth, v. i. To burrow. Tickell.

Earth, n. [From Ear to plow.] A plowing. [Obs.]

> Such land as ye break up for barley to sow,
> Two earths at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow.

Tusser.

Earth"bag` (?), n. (Mil.) A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a parapet.

Earth"bank` (?), n. A bank or mound of earth.

Earth"board` (?), n. (Agric.) The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the earth; the moldboard.

Earth"born` (?), a. 1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; human.

> Some earthborn giant.

Milton.

2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects.

> All earthborn cares are wrong.

Goldsmith.

Earth"bred` (?), a. Low; grovelling; vulgar.

Earth"din` (?), n. An earthquake. [Obs.]

Earth"drake` (?), n. A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a dragon. W. Spalding.

Earth"en (?), a. Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe.

Earth"en-heart`ed (?), a. Hard- hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] Lowell.

Earth"en*ware` (?), n. Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of baked clay. See Crockery, Pottery, Stoneware, and Porcelain.

Earth" flax` (?). (Min.) A variety of asbestus. See Amianthus.

Earth"fork` (?), n. A pronged fork for turning up the earth.

Earth"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth; hence, grossness.

Earth"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness; perishableness.

Earth"ling (?), n. [Earth + - ling.] An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal.

> Earthlings oft her deemed a deity.

Drummond.

Earth"ly, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly; as, earthly joys; earthly flowers; earthly praise.

> This earthly load
> Of death, called life.

Milton.

> Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.

Phil. iii. 19.

2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable.

> What earthly benefit can be the result?

Pope.

3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] Holland.

Syn. -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling.

Earth"ly, adv. In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly.

> Took counsel from his guiding eyes
> To make this wisdom earthly wise.

Emerson.

Earth"ly-mind`ed (?), a. Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; -- opposed to spiritual-minded. -- Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness, n.

Earth"mad` (?), n. [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zoöl.) The earthworm. [Obs.]

> The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes.

Holland.

Earth"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or on the ground; as to: (a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants Bunium flexuosum and Carum Bulbocastanum. (b) The peanut. See Peanut.

Earth"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of pea (Amphicarpæa monoica). It is a climbing leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods.

Earth"quake` (?), n. A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also earthdin, earthquave, and earthshock.

Earthquake alarm, a bell signal constructed to operate on the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power.

Earth"quake`, a. Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; startling.

> The earthquake voice of victory.

Byron.

Earth"quave` (?), n. An earthquake.

Earth" shine` (?). See Earth light, under Earth.

Earth"shock` (?), n. An earthquake.

Earth"star` (?), n. (Bot.) A curious fungus of the genus Geaster, in which the outer coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a ball containing the dustlike spores.

Earth"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A fungus of the genus Geoglossum.

{ Earth"ward (?), Earth"wards (&?;), } adv. Toward the earth; -- opposed to heavenward or skyward.

Earth"work` (?), n. 1. (Mil.) Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth.

2. (Engin.) (a) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc. (b) An embankment or construction made of earth.

Earth"worm` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any worm of the genus Lumbricus and allied genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and America is L. terrestris; many others are known; -- called also angleworm and dewworm.

2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. Norris.

Earth"y (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as, earthy matter.

> How pale she looks,
> And of an earthy cold!

Shak.

> All over earthy, like a piece of earth.

Tennyson.

2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly; terrestrial; carnal. [R.] "Their earthy charge." Milton.

> The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy.

1 Cor. xv. 47, 48 (Rev. Ver. )

> Earthy spirits black and envious are.

Dryden.

3. Gross; low; unrefined. "Her earthy and abhorred commands." Shak.

4. (Min.) Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; as, an earthy fracture.

Ear"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) See Cerumen.

Ear"wig` (?), n. [AS. eárwicga; eáre ear + wicga beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. erri-wiggle.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any insect of the genus Forticula and related genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera.

2. (Zoöl.) In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus Geophilus.

Both insects are so called from the supposition that they creep into the human ear.

3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor. Johnson.

Ear"wig` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earwigging (?).] To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered insinuations or private talk. "No longer was he earwigged by the Lord Cravens." Lord Campbell.

Ear"wit`ness (?), n. A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and does hear; a hearer. Fuller.

Ease (?), n. [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise, OIt. asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle, occasion, opportunity. Cf. Agio, Disease.] 1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment. [Obs.]

> They him besought
> Of harbor and or ease as for hire penny.

Chaucer.

2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: (a) Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; as, ease of body.

> Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease.

Herbert.

> Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching.

Swift.

(b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, ease of mind.

> Among these nations shalt thou find no ease.

Deut. xxviii. 65.

> Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.

Luke xii. 19.

(c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.; as, ease of style, of behavior, of address.

> True ease in writing comes from art, not chance.

Pope.

> Whate'er he did was done with so much ease,
> In him alone 't was natural to please.

Dryden.

At ease, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell at ease." Ps. xxv. 12. -- Chapel of ease. See under Chapel. -- Ill at ease, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious. -- To stand at ease (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude in one's place in the ranks. -- With ease, easily; without much effort.

Syn. -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquillity; facility; easiness; readiness.

Ease (z), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Eased (zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Easing.] [OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See Ease, n.] 1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquillity to; -- often with of; as, to ease of pain; to ease the body or mind.

> Eased [from] the putting off
> These troublesome disguises which we wear.

Milton.

> Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load.

Dryden.

2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate.

> My couch shall ease my complaint.

Job vii. 13.

3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut in machinery.

4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To ease off, To ease away (Naut.), to slacken a rope gradually. -- To ease a ship (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled. -- To ease the helm (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Syn. -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify.

Ease"ful (?), a. Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet; comfortable; restful. Shak. -- Ease"ful*ly, adv. -- Ease"ful*ness, n.

Ea"sel (?), n. [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. esel; akin to E. ass. See Ass.] A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition.

Easel picture, Easel piece, a painting of moderate size such as is made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling.

Ease"less (?), a. Without ease. Donne.

Ease"ment (?), n. [OF. aisement. See Ease, n.] 1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience; accommodation.

> In need of every kind of relief and easement.

Burke.

2. (Law) A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls servitude. Kent.

3. (Arch.) A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc.

Eas"i*ly (?), adv. [From Easy.] 1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen.

2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life well and easily. Sir W. Temple.

3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly.

> Not soon provoked, she easily forgives.

Prior.

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4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without &?;umult or discord.

5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage moves easily.

Eas"i*ness (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest.

2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task.

3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without opposition; unconcernedness.

> Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness.

South.

4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style, manner, etc.

> With painful care, but seeming easiness.

Roscommon.

5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining.

East (st), n. [OE. est, east, AS. eást; akin to D. oost, oosten, OHG. stan, G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan. öst, östen, Lith. auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa), Gr. 'hw`s, "e`os, 'a`yws, Skr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn, L. urere. √149, 288. Cf. Aurora, Easter, Sterling.] 1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west.

> The east began kindle.

E. Everett.

2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East.

> The gorgeous East, with richest hand,
> Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.

Milton.

3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West.

East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11¼° to the north or south, respectively, of the point due east. -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lies 22½° to the north or south of east, or half way between east and northeast or southeast, respectively. See Illust. of Compass.

East (?), a. Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east.

East, adv. Eastward.

East, v. i. To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate.

Eas"ter (?), n. [AS. eáster, eástran, paschal feast, Easter; akin to G. ostern; fr. AS. Eástre, a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was called in AS. Eástermnað. From the root of E. east. See East.] 1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pascha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, pâque, or pask.

2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day.

Easter is used either adjectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts.

> Sundays by thee more glorious break,
> An Easter day in every week.

Keble.

Easter day, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc.

Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present.

East"er (?), v. i. (Naut.) To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell.

East"er*ling (?), n. [Cf. Sterling.] 1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic.

> Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . Easterlings because they lie east in respect of us.

Holinshed.

2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England. Crabb.

3. (Zoöl.) The smew.

East"er*ling, a. Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. See Sterling.

East"er*ly, a. 1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind.

2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage.

East"er*ly, adv. Toward, or in the direction of, the east.

East"ern (?), a. [AS. eástern.] 1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries.

> Eastern churches first did Christ embrace.

Stirling.

2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage.

Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek.

East"ern*most` (?), a. Most eastern.

East" In"di*an (?; see Indian). Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies. -- n. A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies.

East"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.) The distance measured toward the east between two meridians drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure eastward made by a vessel.

East`-in"su*lar (?), a. Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] Ogilvie.

{ East"ward (?), East"wards (?), } adv. Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York.

Eas"y (z"), a. [Compar. Easier (-*r); superl. Easiest.] [OF. aisié, F. aisé, prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See Ease, v. t.] 1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy style. "The easy vigor of a line." Pope.

2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing. "Easy ways to die." Shak.

3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory.

> It were an easy leap.

Shak.

4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or cushion.

5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready.

> He gained their easy hearts.

Dryden.

> He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch.

Sir W. Scott.

6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. (Com.) Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; -- opposed to tight.

Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points.

Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned.

Eas"y-chair` (z"*châr`), n. An armchair for ease or repose. "Laugh . . . in Rabelais' easy-chair." Pope.

Eas"y-go`ing (-g`ng), a. Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive.

Eat (t), v. t. [imp. Ate (t; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. Eat (t); p. p. Eaten (t"'n), Obs. or Colloq. Eat (t); p. pr. & vb. n. Eating.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen, Icel. eta, Sw. äta, Dan. æde, Goth. itan, Ir. & Gael. ith, W. ysu, L. edere, Gr. 'e`dein, Skr. ad. √6. Cf. Etch, Fret to rub, Edible.] 1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. "To eat grass as oxen." Dan. iv. 25.

> They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead.

Ps. cvi. 28.

> The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine.

Gen. xli. 20.

> The lion had not eaten the carcass.

1 Kings xiii. 28.

> With stories told of many a feat,
> How fairy Mab the junkets eat.

Milton.

> The island princes overbold
> Have eat our substance.

Tennyson.

> His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages.

Thackeray.

2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear.

To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). "Eat of the bread that can not waste." Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. "Eat out the heart and comfort of it." Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her.

Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.

Eat, v. i. 1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board.

> He did eat continually at the king's table.

2 Sam. ix. 13.

2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef.

3. To make one's way slowly.

To eat, To eat in or into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which eats into itself." Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.

Eat"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent; edible. -- n. Something fit to be eaten.

Eat"age (-j; 48), n. Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of aftermath.

Eat"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, eats.

Eath (th), a. & adv. [AS. eáðe.] Easy or easily. [Obs.] "Eath to move with plaints." Fairfax.

Eat"ing (?), n. 1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding.

2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating. [Colloq.]

Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises.

||Eau` de Co*logne" (?). [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de of + Cologne.] Same as Cologne.

||Eau` de vie" (?). [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua) water + de of + vie (L. vita) life.] French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vitæ, under Aqua. Bescherelle.

Eave"drop` (?), n. A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] Tennyson.

Eaves (?), n. pl. [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves, brim, brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG. obse eaves, Icel. ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel. upsar- dropi, OSw. opsä-drup water dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. over. The s of eaves is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon. See Over, and cf. Eavesdrop.] 1. (Arch.) The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof.

2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] "Eaves of the hill." Wyclif.

3. Eyelids or eyelashes.

> And closing eaves of wearied eyes.

Tennyson.

Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath. -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter, 1. -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice. -- Eaves swallow (Zoöl.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow.

Eaves"drop` (vz"drp`), v. i. [Eaves + drop.] To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to listen secretly to what is said in private.

> To eavesdrop in disguises.

Milton.

Eaves"drop`, n. The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house.

Eaves"drop`per (?), n. One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener.

Eaves"drop`ping (?), n. (Law) The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places where persons meet for private intercourse, secretly listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable at common law. Wharton.

Ebb (b), n. (Zoöl.) The European bunting.

Ebb, n. [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan. & G. ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to E. even.] 1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out on the ebb.

> Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow
> Claspest the limits of morality!

Shelley.

2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. "Our ebb of life." Roscommon.

> Painting was then at its lowest ebb.

Dryden.

Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively.

> This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial.

A. T. Hadley.

Ebb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ebbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebbing.] [AS. ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See 2d Ebb.] 1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to flow.

> That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow.

Pope.

2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede.

> The hours of life ebb fast.

Blackmore.

Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower.

Ebb, v. t. To cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford.

Ebb, a. Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low.

> The water there is otherwise very low and ebb.

Holland.

Ebb" tide` (?). The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to flood tide.

E"bi*o*nite (?), n. [Heb. ebyonm poor people.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament.

E"bi*o*ni`tism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The system or doctrine of the Ebionites.

Eb"la*nin (?), n. (Chem.) See Pyroxanthin.

Eb"lis (?), n. [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.) The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also Eblees.]

Eb"on (?), a. 1. Consisting of ebony.

2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark.

> Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne.

Young.

Eb"on, n. Ebony. [Poetic] "Framed of ebon and ivory." Sir W. Scott.

Eb"on*ist (?), n. One who works in ebony.

Eb"on*ite (?), n. (Chem.) A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus.

Eb"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ebonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebonizing.] To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood.

Eb"on*y (?), n.; pl. Ebonies (#). [F. ébène, L. ebenus, fr. Gr. &?;; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. hobnm, pl. Cf. Ebon.] A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green.

The finest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D. Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya Ebenus), and from the Excæcaria glandulosa.

Eb"on*y, a. Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony countenance.

> This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling.

Poe.

E*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Without bracts.

E*brac"te*o*late (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteolate.] (Bot.) Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or flower stalk.

E*brau"ke (?), a. [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. Hébraïque.] Hebrew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

E*bri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Ebrieties (#). [L. ebrietas, from. ebrius intoxicated: cf. F. ébriéte. Cf. So&?;er.] Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety. "Ruinous ebriety." Cowper.

<! p. 468 !>

E*bril"lade (*brl"ld), n. [F.] (Man.) A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he refuses to turn.

E`bri*os"i*ty (`br*s"*t), n. [L. ebriositas, from ebriousus given to drinking, fr. ebrius. See Ebriety.] Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness.

E"bri*ous (`br*s), a. [L. ebrius.] Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] M. Collins.

E*bul"li*ate (?), v. i. To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] Prynne.

{ E*bul"lience (?; 106), E*bul"lien*cy (?), } n. A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth.

E*bul"lient (?), a. [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of ebullire to boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to boil. See 1st Boil.] Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. "Ebullient with subtlety." De Quincey.

> The ebullient enthusiasm of the French.

Carlyle.

E*bul"li*o*scope (?), n. [L. ebullire to boil up + -scope.] (Phys. Chem.) An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids, especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the temperature at which it boils.

Eb`ul*li"tion (?), n. [F. ébullition, L. ebullitio, fr. ebullire. See Ebullient.] 1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor.

2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an aëriform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written bullition.]

3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition of anger or ill temper.

Eb"ur*in (?), n. A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc. Knight.

E`bur*na"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur ivory: cf. F. éburnation. See Ivory.] (Med.) A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come to resemble ivory.

E*bur"ne*an (?), a. [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See Ivory.] Made of or relating to ivory.

E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory (fr. ebur ivory) + facere to make.] The conversion of certain substances into others which have the appearance or characteristics of ivory.

Eb"ur*nine (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivory. "[She] read from tablet eburnine." Sir W. Scott.

||E*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. e out, without + cardo a hinge.] (Zoöl.) An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See Brachiopoda.

||É`car`té" (?), n. [F., prop. fr. écarter to reject, discard.] A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others from the pack.

E*cau"date (?), a. [Pref. e- + caudate.] 1. (Bot.) Without a tail or spur.

2. (Zoöl.) Tailless.

||Ec*bal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Ecbole.] (Bot.) A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared.

||Ec"ba*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a going out, issue, or event; &?; out + &?; to go.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences.

Ec*bat"ic (?), a. [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.) Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase &?; &?;, if rendered "so that it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be." etc., is telic.

||Ec"bo*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a throwing out, a digression, fr. &?; to throw out; &?; out of + &?; to throw.] (Rhet.) A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words.

Ec*bol"ic (?), n. [See Ecbole.] (Med.) A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.

Ec"bo*line (?; 104), n. [Gr. &?; a throwing out; &?; out + &?; to throw.] (Chem.) An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion.

Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; to call out (&?; out of + &?; to call) + &?; life.] A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.

||Ec"ce ho"mo (?). [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.) A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.

Ec*cen"tric (?), a. [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. &?;; &?; out of + &?; center. See Ex-, and Center, and cf. Excentral.] 1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion.

2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric.

3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine.

4. Not coincident as to motive or end.

> His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master.

Bacon.

5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay.

> He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze.

Savage.

Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop.

Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.

Ec*cen"tric (?), n. 1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first.

2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing.

3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton.

4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw.

Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.

Ec*cen"tric*al (?), a. See Eccentric.

Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In an eccentric manner.

> Drove eccentrically here and there.

Lew Wallace.

Ec`cen*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eccentricities (#). [Cf. F. excentricité.] 1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity.

2. (Math.) The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis.

3. (Astron.) The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit.

4. (Mech.) The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw.

Ec"chy*mose (?), v. t. (Med.) To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed.

||Ec`chy*mo"sis (?), n.; pl. Ecchymoses (&?;). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to extravasate; &?; out of + &?; to pour.] (Med.) A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion.

Ec`chy*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to ecchymosis.

Ec"cle (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall, yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

||Ec*cle"si*a (?), n.; pl. Ecclesiæ (&?;). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The public legislative assembly of the Athenians.

2. (Eccl.) A church, either as a body or as a building.

Ec*cle"si*al (?), a. Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton.

Ec*cle"si*arch (?), n. [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. &?; church + &?; to rule: cf. F. ecclésiarque.] An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church.

Ec*cle"si*ast (?), n. 1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer.

2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.]

Ec*cle`si*as"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a preacher. See Ecclesiastic, a.] One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.

Ec*cle`si*as"tic (?; 277), a. [L. ecclesiasticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an assembly of citizens called out by the crier; also, the church, fr. &?; called out, fr. &?; to call out; &?; out + &?; to call. See Ex-, and Hale, v. t., Haul.] Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. "Ecclesiastic government." Swift.

Ec*cle`si*as"tic, n. A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest.

> From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church.

Prescott.

Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al (?), a. [See Ecclesiastical, a.] Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts.

> Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination.

Cowper.

Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.

Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.

Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism (?), n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.

Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus (?), n. [L.] A book of the Apocrypha.

Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Belonging to ecclesiology.

Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ecclesiology.

Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ecclesia + -logy.] The science or theory of church building and decoration.

Ec*crit"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?; secretive, fr. &?; to choose out.] (Med.) A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic.

Ec"der*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; out + &?; skin.] (Anat.) See Ecteron. -- Ec`der*on"ic (#), a.

||Ec"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Ecdyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.) The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation.

Ec"go*nine (?; 104), n. [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine.

||É`chau`guette" (?), n. [F.] A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle.

Ech"e (sh"e), a. or a. pron. Each. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ech"e*lon (sh"e*ln), n. [F., fr. échelle ladder, fr. L. scala.] 1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics).

2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or V formation. Encyc. Dict.

Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses.

Ech"e*lon (?), v. t. (Mil.) To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.

Ech"e*lon, v. i. To take position in echelon.

> Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right.

Upton (Tactics).

||E*chid"na (*kd"n), n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. 'e`chidna.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater.

E*chid"nine (?; 104), n. [See Echidna.] (Chem.) The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. Brande & C.

{ Ech"i*nate (?), Ech"i*na`ted (?), } a. [L. echinatus. See Echinus.] Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an echinated pericarp.

E*chi"nid (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Same as Echinoid.

E*chin"i*dan (?), n. [Cf. F. échinide.] (Zoöl.) One the Echinoidea.

E*chin"i*tal (?), a. Of, or like, an echinite.

Ech"i*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. échinite. See Echinus.] (Paleon.) A fossil echinoid.

||E*chi`no*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hedgehog, sea urchin + &?; grain, seed. So called because forming little granular bodies, each armed with hooklets and disposed upon the inner wall of the hydatid cysts.] (Zoöl.) A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the Tænia echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog.

E*chin"o*derm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Echinodermata.

E*chi`no*der"mal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.

||E*chi`no*der"ma*ta (*k`n*dr"m*t), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'echi^nos hedgehog, sea urchin + de`rma, -atos, skin.] (Zoöl.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also Echinoderma.]

<! p. 469 !>

The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum.

E*chi`no*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.

E*chi"noid (?), a. [Echinus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the Echinoidea.

||Ech`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Echinus, and -oid.] (Zoöl.) The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous shell, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See Spatangoid, Clypeastroid. [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.]

||E*chi`no*zo"a (*k`n*z"), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'echi^nos an echinus + zw^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) The Echinodermata.

E*chin"u*late (?), a. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Set with small spines or prickles.

||E*chi"nus (?), n.; pl. Echini (#). [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. 'echi^nos.] 1. (Zoöl.) A hedgehog.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe.

3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See Entablature. (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust. of Column (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with the Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.

||Ech`i*u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one genus (Gr. 'e`chis an adder + o'yra` tail) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans.

Ech"o (k"), n.; pl. Echoes (k"z). [L. echo, Gr. 'hchw` echo, sound, akin to 'hchh`, 'h^chos, sound, noise; cf. Skr. vç to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. écho.] 1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound.

> The babbling echo mocks the hounds.

Shak.

> The woods shall answer, and the echo ring.

Pope.

2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.

> Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them.

Fuller.

> Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart.

R. L. Stevenson.

3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them.

> Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
> Within thy airy shell.

Milton.

(b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice.

> Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo
> To give me answer from her mossy couch.

Milton.

Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- To applaud to the echo, to give loud and continuous applause. M. Arnold.

> I would applaud thee to the very echo,
> That should applaud again.

Shak.

Ech"o, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (&?;).] 1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate.

> Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng.

Dryden.

> The wondrous sound
> Is echoed on forever.

Keble.

2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.

> They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they &?;nvied, and then have sent to the newspaper anonymous libels upon them.

Macaulay.

Ech"o, v. i. To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations. "Echoing noise." Blackmore.

Ech"o*er (?), n. One who, or that which, echoes.

Ech"o*less, a. Without echo or response.

E*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, sound + -meter: cf. F. échomètre.] (Mus) A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J. J. Rousseau.

E*chom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. échométrie.] 1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.

2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

{ Ech*on" (?), Ech*oon" (?) }, pron. Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ech"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, sound + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax. Knight.

||É`clair" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.

E*clair"cise (?), v. t. [F. éclaircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.] To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain.

||E*clair"cisse*ment (?), n. [F., fr. éclaircir. See Eclaircise, v. t.] The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation.

> The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer.

Clarendon.

||Ec*lamp"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a shining forth, fr. &?; to shine forth; &?; out + &?; to shine.] (Med.) A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.

The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.

||Ec*lamp"sy (?), n. (Med.) Same as Eclampsia.

E*clat" (?), n. [F. éclat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. éclater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. slzan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.] 1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles." Pope.

2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott.

Ec*lec"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pick out, choose out: cf. F. éclectique. See Eclogue, and cf. Elect.] 1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher.

2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine.

Eclectic physician, one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Eclectic school. (Paint.) See Bolognese school, under Bolognese.

Ec*lec"tic (?), n. One who follows an eclectic method.

Ec*lec"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.

Ec*lec"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. éclecticisme. Cf. Electicism.] Theory or practice of an eclectic.

Ec*legm" (?), n. [F. éclegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to lick up.] (Med.) A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy.

E*clipse" (*klps"), n. [F. éclipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. 'e`kleipsis, prop., a forsaking, failing, fr. 'eklei`pein to leave out, forsake; 'ek out + lei`pein to leave. See Ex-, and Loan.] 1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet.

In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature.

> That fatal and perfidious bark,
> Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark.

Milton.

2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness.

> All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life.

Sir W. Raleigh.

> As in the soft and sweet eclipse,
> When soul meets soul on lovers' lips.

Shelley.

Annular eclipse. (Astron.) See under Annular. -- Cycle of eclipses. See under Cycle.

E*clipse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed (*klpst"); p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.] 1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun.

2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His eclipsed state." Dryden.

> My joy of liberty is half eclipsed.

Shak.

E*clipse", v. i. To suffer an eclipse.

> While the laboring moon
> Eclipses at their charms.

Milton.

E*clip"tic (*klp"tk), n. [Cf. F. écliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr. 'ekleiptiko`s, prop. adj., of an eclipse, because in this circle eclipses of the sun and moon take place. See Ecliptic, a.] 1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23° 28′. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.

2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23° 28′ with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.

E*clip"tic, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. 'ekleiptiko`s. See Eclipse.] 1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.

2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.

Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12° on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17° from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.

Ec"lo*gite (?), n. [See Ecloque.] (Min.) A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty.

Ec"logue (?), n. [L. ecloga, Gr. &?; a selection, choice extracts, fr. &?; to pick out, choose out; &?; out + &?; to gather, choose: cf. F. égloque, écloque. See Ex-, and Legend.] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established.

{ E`co*nom"ic (?; 277), E`co*nom"ic*al (?), } a. [F. économique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. &?; economical. See Economy.] 1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical misfortune [of ill- assorted matrimony.]" Milton.

2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs.

> And doth employ her economic art
> And busy care, her household to preserve.

Sir J. Davies.

3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits.

> Just rich enough, with economic care,
> To save a pittance.

Harte.

4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time.

5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes; economical truths.

> These matters economical and political.

J. C. Shairp.

> There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization.

Palfrey.

> Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people.

H. C. Baird.

6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew.

Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs.

E`co*nom"ic*al*ly (?), adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.

E`co*nom"ics (`k&ocr*;nm"ks), n. [Gr. ta` o'ikonomika`, equiv. to "h o'ikonomi`a. See Economic.] 1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.

2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy, under Political. "In politics and economics." V. Knox.

E*con"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. économiste.] 1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. "Economists even to parsimony." Burke.

2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics.

E*con`o*mi*za"tion (?), n. The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H. Spenser.

E*con"o*mize (*kn"*mz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing.] [Cf. F. économiser.] To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.]

> Expenses in the city were to be economized.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

> Calculating how to economize time.

W. Irving.

E*con"o*mize, v. i. To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also economise.] Milton.

E*con"o*mi`zer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, economizes.

2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.

E*con"o*my (-m), n.; pl. Economies (#). [F. économie, L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. o'ikonomi`a, fr. o'ikono`mos one managing a household; o'i^kos house (akin to L. vicus village, E. vicinity) + no`mos usage, law, rule, fr. ne`mein to distribute, manage. See Vicinity, Nomad.] 1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy.

> Himself busy in charge of the household economies.

Froude.

2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy.

3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy.

> The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language.

Earle.

> In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence.

B. Jonson.

> The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep.

Paley.

4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony.

Political economy. See under Political.

Syn. -- Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice.

<! p. 470 !>

> I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to liberty and ease.

Swift.

> The father was more given to frugality, and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness].

Golding.

||É`cor`ché" (?), n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study.

||É`cos`saise" (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A dancing tune in the Scotch style.

E*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.) Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.

||É`coute" (?), n. [F., a listening place.] (Mil.) One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners.

||Ec"pha*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to speak out.] (Rhet.) An explicit declaration.

||Ec`pho*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a thing called out, fr. &?; to cry out; 'ek out + &?; voice.] (Rhet.) A breaking out with some interjectional particle.

Ec"pho*neme (?), n. [See Ecphonema.] A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. G. Brown.

||Ec`pho*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Ecphonema.] (Rhet.) An animated or passionate exclamation.

> The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various.

Gibbs.

Ec*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to open; 'ek out + &?; to block up: cf. F. ecphractique.] (Med.) Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n. An ecphractic medicine. Harvey.

||É`crase`ment" (?), n. [F.] (Surg.) The operation performed with an écraseur.

É`cra`seur" (?), n. [F., fr. écraser to crush.] (Surg.) An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows.

||É`cru" (?), a. [F., fr. L. crudus raw.] Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like.

Ec"sta*sy (?), n.; pl. Ecstasies (#). [F. extase, L. ecstasis, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put out of place, derange; &?; = 'ek out + &?; to set, stand. See Ex-, and Stand.] [Also written extasy.] 1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries.

> Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy.

Dryden.

> This is the very ecstasy of love.

Shak.

2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight.

> He on the tender grass
> Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy.

Milton.

3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.]

> That unmatched form and feature of blown youth
> Blasted with ecstasy.

Shak.

> Our words will but increase his ecstasy.

Marlowe.

4. (Med.) A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected. Mayne.

Ec"sta*sy, v. t. To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.]

> The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits.

Jer. Taylor.

Ec*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. extatique. See Ecstasy, n.] 1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance.

> This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy.

Hammond.

2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy.

Ec*stat"ic, n. An enthusiast. [R.] Gauden.

Ec*stat"ic*al (?), a. 1. Ecstatic. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Tending to external objects. [R.] Norris.

Ec*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. Rapturously; ravishingly.

{ Ect- (?), Ec"to- (?) }. [Gr. &?; outside.] A combining form signifying without, outside, external.

Ec"tad (?), adv. [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad. B. G. Wilder.

Ec"tal (?), a. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to ental. B. G. Wilder.

||Ec*ta"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Ectasis.] (Med.) A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.

||Ec"ta*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'ek out + &?; to stretch.] (Pros.) The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.

Ec*ten"tal (?), a. [Gr. &?; outside + &?; inside.] (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the "ectental line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum. C. S. Minot.

Ec"ter*on (?), n. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon. -- Ec`ter*on"ic (#), a.

Ec*teth"moid (?), a. [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.

||Ec*thlip"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to squeeze out.] 1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel.

2. (Lat. Pros.) The elision of a final m, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.

||Ec`tho*re"um (?), n.; pl. Ecthorea (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to leap out; ek out + &?;, &?;, to leap, dart.] (Zoöl.) The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See Nettling cell. [Written also ecthoræum.]

||Ec*thy"ma (?), n.; pl. Ecthymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pimple, fr. &?; to break out.] (Med.) A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base. Dunglison.

Ec"to- (?). See Ect-.

Ec"to*blast (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. &?; bud, germ.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm. (b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. Agassiz.

||Ec`to*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Ectobronchia (#). [NL. See Ecto-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.

{ Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form (?), Ec`to*cu"ni*form (?), } n. [Ecto- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform.

Ec"to*cyst (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. &?; bladder.] (Zoöl.) The outside covering of the Bryozoa.

Ec"to*derm (?), n. [Ecto- + - derm.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast. (b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust. of Blastoderm.

{ Ec`to*der"mal (?), Ec`to*der"mic (?), } a. (Biol.) Of or relating to the ectoderm.

Ec`to*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. &?; the yolk of an egg.] (Biol.) Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova.

Ec"to*mere (?), n. [Ecto- + - mere.] (Biol.) The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

Ec`to*par"a*site (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to endoparasite. -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic (#), a.

||Ec*to"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'ek out + &?; place.] (Med.) A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder.

Ec*top"ic (?), a. (Med.) Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ.

Ec"to*plasm (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell. (c) The ectosarc of protozoan.

Ec`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. &?; to mold.] Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.

||Ec`to*proc"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; outside + &?; the anus.] (Zoöl.) An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles.

Ec"to*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Ectopia.

Ect*or"gan*ism (?), n. [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.) An external parasitic organism.

Ec"to*sarc (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Biol.) The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the amœba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.

Ec*tos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification.

||Ec`tos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.

Ec`to*zo"ic (?), a. (Zoöl.) See Epizoic.

||Ec`to*zo"ön (?), n.; pl. Ectozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'ekto`s outside outside + zw^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) See Epizoön.

||Ec*tro"pi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a turning aside; &?; from + &?; to turn.] (Med.) An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.

||Ec*tro"pi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Ectropion.

Ec*trot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; for abortion; 'ek out + &?; to wound, cause mischief to.] (Med.) Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease.

Ec"ty*pal (?), a. [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. &?;; 'ek out + &?; stamp, figure. See Type.] Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model.

Ec"type (?), n. [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.] 1. (Classical Archæol.) (a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence: (b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely).

2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed.

> Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets.

Eng. Cyc. .

Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Ectype + -graphy.] A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief.

{ Ec`u*men"ic (?), Ec`u*men"ic*al (?), } a. [L. oecumenicus, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the inhabited world, fr. &?; to inhabit, from &?; house, dwelling. See Economy.] General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also œcumenical.]

Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. -- Ecumenical council. See under Council.

Ec"u*rie (?), n. [F. See Equerry.] A stable.

Ec"ze*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.] (Med.) An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum.

Ec*zem"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.

-ed (?). The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as, pigmented; talented.

E*da"cious (?), a. [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.] Given to eating; voracious; devouring.

> Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time.

Carlyle.

-- E*da"cious*ly, adv. -- E*da"cious*ness, n.

E*dac"i*ty (?), n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon.

Ed"da (?), n.; pl. Eddas (#). [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynjúlf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.] The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.

There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178.

{ Ed*da"ic (?), Ed"dic (?) }, a. Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.

Ed"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zoöl.) An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Ed"der, n. [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.] Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together. [Obs.] Tusser.

Ed"der, v. t. To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge. [Obs.]

Ed"dish (?), n. [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf. Eddy, and Arrish.] Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.]

Ed"does (?), n. pl. (Bot.) The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro.

Ed"dy (d"d), n.; pl. Eddies (-dz). [Prob. fr. Icel. iða; cf. Icel. pref. ið- back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.] 1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current.

2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool.

> And smiling eddies dimpled on the main.

Dryden.

> Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play.

Addison.

Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden.

Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.] To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle.

> Eddying round and round they sink.

Wordsworth.

Ed"dy, v. t. To collect as into an eddy. [R.]

> The circling mountains eddy in
> From the bare wild the dissipated storm.

Thomson.

||E"del*weiss (?), n. [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.) A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.

E*de"ma (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as œdema.

{ E*de"ma*tous (?), or E*de"ma*tose` (?) }, a. (Med.) Same as œdematous.

E"den (?), n. [Heb. den delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.] The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.

E*den"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning.

E"den*ite (?), n. [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.) A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole.

E"den*ized (?), a. Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).

E*den"tal (?), a. See Edentate, a. -- n. (Zoöl.) One of the Edentata.

E*den"tal*ous (?), a. See Edentate, a.

||E`den*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.) An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.

E*den"tate (?), a. 1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Edentata.

<! p. 471 !>

E*den"tate (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Edentata.

E*den`ta*ted (?), a. Same as Edentate, a.

E`den*ta"tion (?), n. A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram.

E*den"tu*lous (?; 135), a. [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] Toothless.

Edge (j), n. [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. 'akh` point, Skr. açri edge. √1. Cf. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.] 1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.

> He which hath the sharp sword with two edges.

Rev. ii. 12.

> Slander,
> Whose edge is sharper than the sword.

Shak.

2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice.

> Upon the edge of yonder coppice.

Shak.

> In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge
> Of battle.

Milton.

> Pursue even to the very edge of destruction.

Sir W. Scott.

3. Sharpness; readiness or fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire.

> The full edge of our indignation.

Sir W. Scott.

> Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices.

Jer. Taylor.

4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton.

Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool or instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon.

Edge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.] 1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen.

> To edge her champion's sword.

Dryden.

2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.

3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box.

> Hills whose tops were edged with groves.

Pope.

4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.]

> By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged.

Hayward.

5. To move little by little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.

Edge, v. i. 1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind.

> I must edge up on a point of wind.

Dryden.

To edge away or To edge off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.

Edge"bone` (?), n. Same as Aitchbone.

Edge"less, a. Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon.

Edge"long (?; 115), adv. In the direction of the edge. [Obs.]

> Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck
> Edgelong into the ground.

B. Jonson.

Edge"shot (?), a. (Carp.) Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. Knight.

{ Edge"ways (?), Edge"wise (?), } adv. With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge.

> Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways.

Sir W. Scott.

Edg"ing (?), n. 1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden.

2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal.

Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet.

Edg"ing*ly, adv. Gradually; gingerly. [R.]

Edg"y (?), a. [From Edge.] 1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper.

2. (Fine Arts) Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt.

Edh (?), n. The name of the Anglo- Saxon letter ð, capital form Ð. It is sounded as "English th in a similar word: ðer, other, dôð, doth." March.

Ed`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.

Ed"i*ble (?), a. [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.] Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes. Bacon. -- n. Anything edible.

Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest, 2. -- Edible crab (Zoöl.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab. -- Edible frog (Zoöl.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta), used as food. -- Edible snail (Zoöl.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia and H. aspersa of Europe.

Ed"i*ble*ness, n. Suitableness for being eaten.

E"dict (?), n. [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. édit. See Diction.] A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch.

> It stands as an edict in destiny.

Shak.

Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants.

Syn. -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See Law.

E*dic"tal (?), a. Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal law.

Ed"i*fi*cant (?), a. [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare. See Edify.] Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard.

Ed`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. aedificatio: cf. F. édification. See Edify.] 1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction.

> The assured edification of his church.

Bp. Hall.

> Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their edification.

Addison.

2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar.

Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a. Tending to edification. Bp. Hall.

Ed"i*fice (?), n. [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. édifice. See Edify.] A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a church, a statehouse.

Ed`i*fi"cial (?), a. [L. aedificialis.] Pertaining to an edifice; structural.

Ed"i*fi`er (?), n. 1. One who builds. [Obs.]

2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction.

Ed"i*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.] [F. édifier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. &?; to burn, Skr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. d, OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.] 1. To build; to construct. [Archaic]

> There was a holy chapel edified.

Spenser.

2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach.

> It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public.

Gibbon.

3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ed"i*fy, v. i. To improve. [R.] Swift.

Ed"i*fy`ing (?), a. Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n.

E"dile (?), n. [L. aedilis: cf. F. édile. Cf. Ædile.] (Rom. Antiq.) See Ædile.

E"dile*ship, n. The office of ædile. T. Arnold.

Ed"ing*ton*ite (?), n. (Min.) A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.

Ed"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] [F. éditer, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.] To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper.

> Philosophical treatises which have never been edited.

Enfield.

E*di"tion (?), n. [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. édition. See Edit.] 1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare.

2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold.

||É`di`tion" de luxe" (?). [F.] See Luxe.

E*di`tion*er (?), n. An editor. [Obs.]

Ed"i*tor (?), n. [L., that which produces, from edere to publish: cf. F. éditeur.] One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication.

Ed`i*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks.

Ed`i*to"ri*al, n. A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor.

Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article.

Ed"i*tor*ship (?), n. The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication.

Ed"i*tress (?), n. A female editor.

E*dit"u*ate (?), v. t. [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.] To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

E"dom*ite (?), n. One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean.

||Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "edrai^os steadfast + 'ofqalmo`s the eye.] (Zoöl.) A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.]

Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.

Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty (d`*k*bl"*t), n. [Cf. F. éducabilité.] Capability of being educated.

Ed"u*ca*ble (d"*k*b'l; 135), a. [Cf. F. éducable.] Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold.

Ed"u*cate (-kt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated (- k`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Educating (-k`tng).] [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to lead forth, bring up (a child). See Educe.] To bring up or guide the powers of, as a child; to develop and cultivate, whether physically, mentally, or morally, but more commonly limited to the mental activities or senses; to expand, strengthen, and discipline, as the mind, a faculty, etc.; to form and regulate the principles and character of; to prepare and fit for any calling or business by systematic instruction; to cultivate; to train; to instruct; as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste.

Syn. -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.

Ed"u*ca`ted (?), a. Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man.

Ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n. [L. educatio; cf. F. éducation.] The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.

> To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge.

H. Spenser.

Syn. -- Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct.

Ed`u*ca"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment." J. H. Newman.

Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education.

Ed"u*ca*tive (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. éducatif.] Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative process; an educative experience.

Ed"u*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who educates; a teacher.

E*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Educing (?).] [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.] To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter.

> The eternal art educing good from ill.

Pope.

> They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves.

M. Arnold.

E*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being educed.

E"duct (?), n. [L. eductum, fr. educere.] That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton.

E*duc"tion (?), n. [L. eductio.] The act of drawing out or bringing into view.

Eduction pipe, ∧ Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust, a.

E*duc"tive (?), a. Tending to draw out; extractive.

E*duc"tor (?), n. [L., tutor.] One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts.

> Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether.

E. Darwin.

E*dul"co*rant (?), a. [See Edulcorate.] Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony.

E*dul"co*rant, n. An edulcorant remedy.

E*dul"co*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edulcorating.] [L. e out + dulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. édulcorer.] 1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity.

> Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar.

Evelyn.

2. (Chem.) To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. [R.]

E*dul`co*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. édulcoration.] 1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating.

2. (Chem.) The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water. [R.] Ure.

<! p. 472 !>

E*dul"co*ra*tive (?), a. Tending to &?;weeten or purify by affusions of water.

E*dul"co*ra`tor (?), n. A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle.

E*du"li*ous (?), a. [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.] Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne.

-ee (?). [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -é, masc.] A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer.

{ Eek, Eeke (?) }, v. t. See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser.

Eel (?), n. [AS. &?;l; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. ll, Sw. ål.] (Zoöl.) An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus.

Eel"buck` (?), n. An eelpot or eel basket.

Eel"fare` (?), n. [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zoöl.) A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.]

Eel"grass` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast.

Eel"-moth`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) The eelpout.

Eel"pot` (?), n. A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck.

Eel"pout` (?), n. [AS. &?;lepute.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. (b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot.

Eel"spear` (?), n. A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.

E'en (?), adv. A contraction for even. See Even.

> I have e'en done with you.

L'Estrange.

Een (?), n. The old plural of Eye.

> And eke with fatness swollen were his een.

Spenser.

E'er (?; 277), adv. A contraction for ever. See Ever.

{ Ee"rie, Ee"ry } (?), a. [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.] 1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories.

> She whose elfin prancer springs
> By night to eery warblings.

Tennyson.

2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns.

Ee"ri*ly (?), adv. In a strange, unearthly way.

Ee"ri*some (?), a. Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.]

Eet (?), obs. imp. of Eat. Chaucer.

Ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.] Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow.

Ef*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing (?).] [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.] 1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin.

2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away.

> Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received.

Bacon.

Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.

Ef*face"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being effaced.

Ef*face"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. effacement.] The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.

Ef*fas"ci*nate (?), v. t. [L. effascinare.] To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood.

Ef*fas`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. effascinatio.] A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.]

Ef*fect" (?), n. [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See Fact.] 1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May.

> That no compunctious visitings of nature
> Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
> The effect and it.

Shak.

2. Manifestation; expression; sign.

> All the large effects
> That troop with majesty.

Shak.

3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury.

> The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause.

Whewell.

4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.

> Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect.

J. C. Shairp.

> The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place.

W. Irving.

5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect.

6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with to.

> They spake to her to that effect.

2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.

7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent." Chaucer.

8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance.

> No other in effect than what it seems.

Denham.

9. pl. Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the town with their effects.

For effect, for an exaggerated impression or excitement. -- In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above. -- Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, or Without effect, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless. "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak. -- To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results. -- To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak.

Syn. -- Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely discover its final results.

> Resolving all events, with their effects
> And manifold results, into the will
> And arbitration wise of the Supreme.

Cowper.

> Shun the bitter consequence, for know,
> The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die.

Milton.

Ef*fect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.] 1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be.

> So great a body such exploits to effect.

Daniel.

2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish.

> To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed.

Bp. Hurd.

> They sailed away without effecting their purpose.

Jowett (Th. ).

Syn. -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See Accomplish.

Ef*fect"er (?), n. One who effects.

Ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir T. Browne.

Ef*fec"tion (?), n. [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.] Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Ef*fect"ive (?), a. [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.] Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment.

> They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them.

Bacon.

> Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See Effectual.

Ef*fect"ive, n. 1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is capable of active service.

> He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at Corinth.

W. P. Johnston.

3. [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.) Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds.

Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.

Ef*fect"ive*ness, n. The quality of being effective.

Ef*fect"less (?), a. Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak. -- Ef*fect"less*ly, adv.

Ef*fect"or (?), n. [L.] An effecter. Derham.

Ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. [See Effect, n.] Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak.

> Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion.

Macaulay.

Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See Calvinism.

Syn. -- Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith.

Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. 1. With effect; efficaciously.

2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller.

Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. The quality of being effectual.

Ef*fec"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effectuating.] [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.] To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill.

> A fit instrument to effectuate his desire.

Sir P. Sidney.

> In order to effectuate the thorough reform.

G. T. Curtis.

Ef*fec`tu*a"tion (?), n. Act of effectuating.

{ Ef*fec"tu*ose` (?), Ef*fec"tu*ous (?), } a. Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. Effectively. [Obs.]

Ef*fem"i*na*cy (?), n.; pl. Effeminacies (#). [From Effeminate.] Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men. Milton.

Ef*fem"i*nate (?), a. [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.] 1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak.

> The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor.

Bacon.

> An effeminate and unmanly foppery.

Bp. Hurd.

2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense.

> Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse.

Shak.

Effeminate and womanish are generally used in a reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation.

Ef*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effeminating (?).] To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken.

> It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds.

Locke.

Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i. To grow womanish or weak.

> In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt.

Pope.

Ef*fem"i*nate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately. "Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes.

2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.] "Effeminately vanquished." Milton.

Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n. The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller.

Ef*fem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. effeminatio.] Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ef*fem"i*nize (?), v. t. To make effeminate. [Obs.]

||Ef*fen"di (?), n. [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. &?;, fr. Gr. &?; a chief. See Authentic.] Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law.

Ef"fe*rent (?), a. [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) (a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc. (b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to afferent.

Ef"fe*rent (?), n. An efferent duct or stream.

Ef"fer*ous (?), a. [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.] Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.]

Ef`fer*vesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effervescing (?).] [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.] 1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form.

2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment.

{ Ef`fer*ves"cence (?), Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. effervescence.] A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid.

Ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.] Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas

Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of effervescing.

Ef`fer*ves"cive (?), a. Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force." Hickok.

Ef"fet (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.) The common newt; -- called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt.

Ef*fete" (?), a. [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.] No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile.

> Effete results from virile efforts.

Mrs. Browning

> If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones.

Burke.

Ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect, n.] Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law.

Syn. -- See Effectual.

-- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n.

Ef`fi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacité.] Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth.

Ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.] Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of noxious efficacy." Milton.

Syn. -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.

{ Ef*fi"cience (?), Ef*fi"cien*cy (?), } n. [L. efficientia.] 1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency.

> The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us.

Hooker.

2. (Mech.) The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine.

Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done by an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.

Ef*fi"cient (-ent), a. [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.] Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power.

> The efficient cause is the working cause.

Wilson.

Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.

<! p. 473 !>

Ef*fi"cient (?), n. An efficient cause; a prime mover.

> God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only.

Hooker.

Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv. With effect; effectively.

Ef*fierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ef*fig"i*al (?), a. Relating to an effigy.

Ef*fig"i*ate (?), v. t. [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See Effigy.] To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt.

> [He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances.

Jer. Taylor.

Ef*fig`i*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. effigiatio.] The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller.

||Ef*fig"i*es (?), n. [L.] See Effigy. Dryden.

Ef"fi*gy (?), n.; pl. Effigies (#). [L. effigies, fr. effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.] The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits.

To burn, or To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.

Ef*flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.] To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ef*flate" (?), v. t. [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.] To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert.

Ef*fla"tion (?), n. The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind.

> A soft efflation of celestial fire.

Parnell.

Ef`flo*resce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efflorescing (?).] [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See Flower.] 1. To blossom forth. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.) To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce.

3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere.

Ef`flo*res"cence (?), n. [F. efflorescence.] 1. (Bot.) Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth.

2. (Med.) A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc.

3. (Chem.) (a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. (b) The powder or crust thus formed.

Ef`flo*res"cen*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.

Ef`flo*res"cent (?), a. [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.] 1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an efflorescent salt.

2. Covered with an efflorescence.

Ef*flow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making) To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather.

Ef"flu*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. effluence.] 1. A flowing out, or emanation.

2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux.

> Bright effluence of bright essence increate!

Milton.

> And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow.

Hawthorne.

Ef"flu*en*cy (?), n. Effluence.

Ef"flu*ent (?), a. [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.] Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell.

Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.) A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.

Ef*flu"vi*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable matter." Boyle.

Ef*flu"vi*al (?), a. Belonging to effluvia.

Ef*flu"vi*ate (?), v. i. To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle.

Ef*flu"vi*um (?), n.; pl. Effluvia (#). [L., a flowing out, fr. effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.] Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage.

Ef"flux (?), n. [See Effluent, Flux.] 1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety.

> It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in efflux.

I. Taylor.

2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence.

> Prime cheerer, light! . . .
> Efflux divine.

Thomson.

Ef*flux" (?), v. i. To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle.

Ef*flux"ion (?), n. [From Efflux.] 1. The act of flowing out; effusion.

2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation.

> Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit.

Bacon.

Ef*fo"di*ent (?), a. [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.] Digging up.

Ef*force (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing (?).] [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.] To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ef*form" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + form.] To form; to shape. [Obs.]

> Efforming their words within their lips.

Jer. Taylor.

Ef`for*ma"tion (?), n. The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray.

Ef"fort (?), n. [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr. esforcier. See Efforce.] 1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall.

> We prize the stronger effort of his power.

Pope.

2. (Mech.) A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion. Rankine.

Syn. -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See Attempt.

Ef"fort, v. t. To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller.

Ef"fort*less, a. Making no effort. Southey.

Ef*fos"sion (?), n. [L. effossio. See Effodient.] A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot.

Ef*fran"chise (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF. esfranchir.] To enfranchise.

Ef*fray" (?), v. t. [F. effrayer. See Affray.] To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ef*fray"a*ble (?), a. Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey.

Ef`fre*na"tion (?), n. [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.] Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ef*front" (?), v. t. To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ef*front"er*y (?), n.; pl. Effronteries (#). [F. effronterie, fr. effronté shameless, fr. L. effrons, - ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See Front.] Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance.

> Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery.

Bancroft.

Syn. -- Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence.

Ef*front"it (?), a. [F. effronté.] Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly (?; 135), adv. Impudently. [Obs.] R. North.

Ef*fulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging (?).] [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See Fulgent.] To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam. [R.]

> His eyes effulging a peculiar fire.

Thomson.

Ef*fulge", v. i. To shine forth; to beam.

Ef*ful"gence (?), n. The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor.

> The effulgence of his glory abides.

Milton.

> The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn.

Beattie.

Ef*ful"gent (?), a. [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.] Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper.

Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv. In an effulgent manner.

Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty (?), n. The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle.

Ef*fume" (?), v. t. [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ef*fund" (?), v. t. [L. effundere. See Effuse.] To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Ef*fuse" (?), a. [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] 1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.]

> So should our joy be very effuse.

Barrow.

2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young.

3. (Bot.) Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse inflorescence. Loudon.

4. (Zoöl.) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells.

Ef*fuse", n. Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak.

Ef*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.] To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. [R.]

> With gushing blood effused.

Milton.

Ef*fuse", v. i. To emanate; to issue. Thomson.

Ef*fu"sion (?), n. [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.] 1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like.

> To save the effusion of my people's blood.

Dryden.

2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively.

> Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow.

Eikon Basilike.

> The light effusions of a heedless boy.

Byron.

3. (Pathol.) (a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface. (b) The liquid escaping or exuded.

Ef*fu"sive (?), a. Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive wave." Pope.

Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks.

-- Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv. -- Ef*fu"sive*ness, n.

Ef"reet (?), n. See Afrit.

Eft (?), n. [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus).

Eft, adv. [AS. eft, æft, again, back, afterward. See Aft, After.] Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.]

> I wold never eft comen into the snare.

Spenser.

{ Eft*soon" (?), Eft*soons" (?), } adv. [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s&?;na soon. See Eft, and Soon.] Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic]

> And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone.

Chaucer.

> The champion stout eftsoons dismounted.

Spenser.

E*gad" (?), interj. [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."] An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.

E"gal (?), a. [F. égal. See Equal.] Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak.

E*gal"i*ty (?), n. [OE. egalite, F. égalité.] Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson.

E*ge"an (?), a. See Ægean.

E"gence (?), n. [L. egens, - entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy, suffer want.] The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J. Grote.

{ E"ger (?), E"gre }, a. [See Eager.] Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.]

> The egre words of thy friend.

Chaucer.

E"ger, n. An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre.

E*ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [From L. egerminare to sprout.] To germinate. [Obs.]

E*gest" (?), v. t. [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.) To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys.

||E*ges"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See Egest.] (Physiol.) That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to ingesta.

E*ges"tion (?), n. [L. egestio.] Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale.

Egg (?), n. [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. æg (whence OE. ey), Sw. ägg, Dan. æg, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. 'w,o`n, Ir. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.] 1. (Popularly) The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.

2. (Biol.) A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.

3. Anything resembling an egg in form.

Egg is used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg- beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc.

Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. -- Egg mite (Zoöl.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. -- Egg parasite (Zoöl.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known.

Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egging (?).] [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. &?;&?;. See Edge.] To urge on; to instigate; to incite&?;

> Adam and Eve he egged to ill.

Piers Plowman.

> [She] did egg him on to tell
> How fair she was.

Warner.

Eg"gar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as, the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe.

Egg"-bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, Phaëthon flavirostris.

Egg"-cup` (?), n. A cup used for holding an egg, at table.

Eg"ge*ment (?), n. [Egg, v. t. + -ment.] Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Egg"er (?), n. [See Egg, n.] One who gathers eggs; an eggler.

Egg"er, n. [See Egg, v. t.] One who eggs or incites.

Egg"er*y (?), n. A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs. [R.]

Egg"-glass` (?), n. A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table.

Egg"hot` (?), n. A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb.

Egg"ler (?), n. One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.

Egg`nog" (?), n. A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits.

Egg"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.

<! p. 474 !>

Egg"-shaped` (?), a. Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.

Egg"shell` (?), n. 1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell.

2. (Zoöl.) A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum, resembling an egg in form.

Egg" squash` (?). A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.

E"ghen (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Eg`i*lop"ic*al (?), a. [See Ægilops.] (Med.) Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an ægilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye.

Eg"i*lops (?), n. See Ægilops.

{ E*glan"du*lose` (?; 135), E*glan"du*lous (?), } a. [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.] Destitute of glands.

Eg"lan*tine (?), n. [F. églantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.) (a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors. (b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa).

Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twining plant, perhaps the honeysuckle.

> Through the sweetbrier, or the vine,
> Or the twisted eglantine.

L'Allegro, 47.

"In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior.

Eg"la*tere (?), n. Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson.

Eg"ling (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

E*glom"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + glomerate.] To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.]

E"go (?), n. [L., I.] (Met.) The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego.

E*go"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to egoism. [R.]

E"go*ism (?), n. [F. égoïsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf. Egotism.] 1. (Philos.) The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides for.

2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to altruism.

E"go*ist, n. [F. égoïste. See Egoism.] 1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self.

> I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness.

Carlyle.

2. (Philos.) A believer in egoism.

{ E`go*is"tic (?), E`go*is"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving.

> Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable.

G. Eliot.

E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In an egoistic manner.

E*go"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Swift.

E"go*mism (?), n. Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter.

E`go*phon"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.

E*goph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, goat + &?; voice.] (Med.) The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion.

E"go*the`ism (?), n. [Gr. 'egw` I + qeo`s God.] The deification of self. [R.]

E"go*tism (?; 277), n. [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.] The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self-praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism.

> His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself.

Hazlitt.

Syn. -- Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism.

E"go*tist (?), n. [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism, and cf. Egoist.] One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs.

{ E`go*tis"tic (?), E`go*tis"tic*al (?), } a. Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.

Syn. -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.

E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv. With egotism.

E"go*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing (?).] [See Egotism.] To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper.

E*gran"u*lose` (?), a. [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.) Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R. Brown.

E"gre (?), a. & n. See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.]

E*gre"gious (?; 277), a. [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See Gregarious.] Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); -- formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake.

> The egregious impudence of this fellow.

Bp. Hall.

> His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected.

Milton.

E*gre"gious*ly (?), adv. Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated.

E*gre"gious*ness (?; 277), n. The state of being egregious.

Eg"re*moin (?), n. [See Agrimony.] Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer.

E"gress (?), n. [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi to go. See Grade.] 1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure.

> Embarred from all egress and regress.

Holland.

> Gates of burning adamant,
> Barred over us, prohibit all egress.

Milton.

2. (Astron.) The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit.

E*gress" (?), v. i. To go out; to depart; to leave.

E*gres"sion (?), n. [L. egressio.] The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson.

E*gress"or (?), n. One who goes out. [R.]

E"gret (?), n. [See Aigret, Heron.] 1. (Zoöl.) The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, or Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima).

> A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage.

G. W. Cable.

2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.

3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle.

4. (Zoöl.) A kind of ape.

E*grette" (?), n. [See Aigrette.] Same as Egret, n., 2.

Eg"ri*mo*ny (?), [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.) The herb agrimony. [Obs.]

Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. [L. aegrimonia.] Sorrow. [Obs.]

E"gri*ot (?), n. [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre sour.] A kind of sour cherry. Bacon.

E"gri*tude (?), n. [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.] Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

E*gyp"tian (?), a. [L. Aegyptius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (L. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. égyptien. Cf. Gypsy.] Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa.

Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean, 1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.

E*gyp"tian, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language.

2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak.

E"gypt*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egyptizing (?).] To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn.

{ E`gyp*tol"o*ger (?), E`gyp*tol"o*gist (?), } n. One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology.

E*gyp`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.

E`gyp*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Egypt + -logy.] The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics.

Eh (?), interj. [OE. ei, ey.] An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.

Eh"lite (?), n. [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.) A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper.

Ei"der (?), n. [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel æ&?;r; akin to Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zoöl.) Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species.

Eider down. [Cf. Icel. æðardn, Sw. eiderdn, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.

Ei"do*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; form + graph.] An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph.

||Ei*do"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; image. See Idol.] An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition. Sir W. Scott.

Eigh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing delight.

Eight (t), n. [See Ait.] An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights." Evelyn.

Eight, a. [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. tta, Sw. åtta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. asztni, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. 'oktw`, Skr. ashan. √306. Cf. Octave.] Seven and one; as, eight years.

Eight (t), n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.

Eight"een` ("tn`), a. [AS. eahtatne, eahtatne. See Eight, and Ten, and cf. Eighty.] Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds.

Eight"een`, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects.

2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.

Eight`een"mo (?), a. & n. See Octodecimo.

Eight"eenth` (?), a. [From Eighteen.] 1. Next in order after the seventeenth.

2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.

Eight"eenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions.

2. The eighth after the tenth.

Eight"e*teth`e (?), a. [OE., fr. AS. eahtateóða; eahta eight + teóða tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.] Eighteenth. [Obs.]

Eight"fold` (?), a. Eight times a quantity.

Eighth (tth), a. [AS. eahtoða.] 1. Next in order after the seventh.

2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing.

Eighth note (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver.

Eighth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part.

2. (Mus.) The interval of an octave.

Eighth"ly, adv. As the eighth in order.

Eight"i*eth (?), a. [From Eighty.] 1. The next in order after seventy-ninth.

2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.

Eight"i*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts.

Eight"ling (?), n. [Eight + - ling.] (Crystallog.) A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.

Eight"score` (?), a. & n. Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.

Eight"y (?), a. [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.] Eight times ten; fourscore.

Eight"y, n. 1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx.

Eigne (?), a. [OF. aisné, ainsné, F. aîné, fr. L. ante natus born before. Cf. Esnecy.] 1. (Law) Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone.

2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.]

Bastard eigne, a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry.

Eik"ing (?), n. (Naut.) See Eking.

||Ei"kon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. e'ikw`n.] An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art.

Ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Gr. e'i`kosi.] (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum.

Ei*kos"y*lene (?), n. [Gr. e'i`kosi twenty + acetylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal.

Eild (?), n. [See Eld.] Age. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Eire (?), n. Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ei`re*narch (?), n. [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.) A justice of the peace; irenarch.

Ei*ren"ic (?), a. Pacific. See Irenic.

Ei"rie (?), n. See Aerie, and Eyrie.

Ei"sel (?), n. [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acetum. Cf. Acetic.] Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Eis*tedd"fod (s*t"vd), n. [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.] An assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom.

Ei"ther ("r or "r; 277), a. & pron. [OE. either, aither, AS. gðer, ghwæðer (akin to OHG. ogiwedar, MHG. iegeweder); + ge + hwæðer whether. See Each, and Whether, and cf. Or, conj.] 1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one.

> Lepidus flatters both,
> Of both is flattered; but he neither loves,
> Nor either cares for him.

Shak.

> Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three.

Bacon.

> There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists.

Holmes.

2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number.

> His flowing hair
> In curls on either cheek played.

Milton.

> On either side . . . was there the tree of life.

Rev. xxii. 2.

> The extreme right and left of either army never engaged.

Jowett (Thucyd).

Ei"ther, conj. Either precedes two, or more, coördinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.

> Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth.

1 Kings xviii. 27.

> Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede.

Latham.

Either was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and where we should now use or.

> Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs?

James iii. 12.

E*jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ejaculating.] [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See Eject.] 1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject. [Archaic or Technical]

> Its active rays ejaculated thence.

Blackmore.

<! p. 475 !>

2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer.

E*jac"u*late (?), v. i. To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations. [R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott.

E*jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. éjaculation.] 1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight. [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the eye." Bacon.

2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered.

> In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several actions of dressing.

Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.) The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct.

E*jac"u*la`tor (?), n. [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.) A muscle which helps ejaculation.

E*jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels.

2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an ejaculatory prayer or petition.

3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts." L'Estrange.

E*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejecting.] [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame." H. Brooke.

2. (Law) To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from an estate.

Syn. -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void.

E*jec"tion (?), n. [L. ejectio: cf. F. éjection.] 1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a word." Johnson.

2. (Physiol.) The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions.

3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment.

E*ject"ment (?), n. 1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes.

2. (Law) A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. Wharton.

E*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.

2. (Mech.) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space.

Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump.

||E"joo ("j), n. [Malay j or hj.] Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti.

Ej`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.] A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of death." Philips.

{ Ek"a*bor` (k"*br`), Ek"a*bo"ron (-b"rn), } n. [G., fr. Skr. ka one + G. bor, boron, E. boron.] (Chem.) The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named scandium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium.

Ek*al`u*min"i*um (?), n. [Skr. ka one + E. aluminium.] (Chem.) The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor.

Ek`a*sil"i*con (?), n. [Skr. ka one + E. silicon.] (Chem.) The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekabor.

Eke (k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] [AS. kan, kan; akin to OFries, ka, OS. &?;kian, OHG. ouhhn to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw. öka, Dan. öge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. &?;jas strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf. Augment, Nickname.] To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser.

> He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds.

Macaulay.

Eke, adv. [AS. eác; akin to OFries. ák, OS. &?;k, D. &?;ok, OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.] In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic]

> 'T will be prodigious hard to prove
> That this is eke the throne of love.

Prior.

> A trainband captain eke was he
> Of famous London town.

Cowper.

Eke serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. Mätzner.

Eke, n. An addition. [R.]

> Clumsy ekes that may well be spared.

Geddes.

Ek"e*berg`ite (?), n. [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.) A variety of scapolite.

Eke"name` (?), n. [See Nickname.] An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.]

Ek"ing (?), n. [From Eke, v. t.] (Shipbuilding) (a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length. (b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.]

E"-la` (?), n. Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence, proverbially, any extravagant saying. "Why, this is above E-la!" Beau. & Fl.

E*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare to work out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See Labor.] Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research.

> Drawn to the life in each elaborate page.

Waller.

Syn. -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high- wrought.

-- E*lab"o*rate*ly, adv. -- E*lab"o*rate*ness, n.

E*lab"o*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elaborated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elaborating (?).] 1. To produce with labor

> They in full joy elaborate a sigh,

Young.

2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a literary work.

> The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant.

Arbuthnot.

elaborated adj. developed or executed with care and in minute detail; as, the carefully elaborated theme.
Syn. -- detailed, elaborate.
[WordNet 1.5]

E*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. elaboratio: cf. F. élaboration.] 1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement.

2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues.

E*lab"o*ra*tive (?), a. Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and minute attention to details.

Elaborative faculty (Metaph.), the intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought.

E*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, elaborates.

E*lab"o*ra*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elaborate.

E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, n. A laboratory. [Obs.]

||E`læ*ag"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a Bœotian marsh plant; &?; olive + &?; sacred, pure.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered with small silvery scales; oleaster.

||E*læ"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; olive tree.] (Bot.) A genus of palms.

Elæis Guineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the orange-red palm oil.

E*læ"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and gray to reddish color.

Elæolite syenite, a kind of syenite characterized by the presence of elæolite.

E`læ*op"tene (?), n. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil + &?; winged, fleeting.] (Chem.) The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance, as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid parts. [Written also elaoptene.]

E*la"i*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of elaidic acid.

E`la*id"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. élaïdique. See Elaine.] Relating to oleic acid, or elaine.

Elaidic acid (Chem.), a fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid.

E*la"i*din (?), n. [Cf. F. élaïdine.] (Chem.) A solid isomeric modification of olein.

{ E*la"ine (?), or E*la"in }, n. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil, from &?; the olive tree: cf. F. élaïne.] (Chem.) Same as Olein.

E`lai*od"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil + &?; form.] (Chem.) Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.]

E`lai*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil + -meter.] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil.

E"lam*ite (?), n. A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia.

E*lamp"ing (?), a. [See Lamp.] Shining. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

||É`lan" (?), n. [F., fr. élancer to dart.] Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.

E*lance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elancing (?).] [F. élancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L. ex) + F. lancer to dart, throw, fr. lance.] To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.]

> While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart.

Prior.

E"land (?), n. [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. jelen stag, Russ. oléne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E. elk.] 1. (Zoöl.) A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk.

2. (Zoöl.) The elk or moose.

E*la"net (?), n. (Zoöl.) A kite of the genus Elanus.

E*la"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Elæolite.

E`la*op"tene (?), n. (Chem.) See Elæoptene.

El"a*phine (?), a. [Gr. &?; stag.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or Cervus elaphus.

El"a*phure (?), n. (Zoöl.) A species of deer (Elaphurus Davidianus) found in china. It is about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers.

E*lap`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. elapidatus cleared from stones; e out + lapis stone.] A clearing away of stones. [R.]

El"a*pine (?), a. [See Elaps.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the Elapidæ, a family of poisonous serpents, including the cobras. See Ophidia.

||E"laps (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old World. Many species are known. See Coral snake, under Coral.

E*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Elapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elapsing.] [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e out + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.] To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time.

> Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came.

Hoole.

E*lap"sion (?), n. The act of elapsing. [R.]

E*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of elaqueare to unfetter.] To disentangle. [R.]

||El`a*sip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; metal beaten out, metal plate + -poda.] (Zoöl.) An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms. [Written also Elasmopoda.]

E*las"mo*branch (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii.

E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii.

||E*las`mo*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a metal plate + L. branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.) A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the Chimæra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous.

||E*las`mo*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a metal plate + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.

E*las"tic (?), a. [Formed fr. Gr. &?; to drive; prob. akin to L. alacer lively, brisk, and E. alacrity: cf. F. élastique.] 1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic.

> Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position.

Paley.

2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution.

Elastic bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite. -- Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine. -- Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors. -- Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it. -- Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies. -- Gum elastic, caoutchouc.

E*las"tic, n. An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.]

E*las"tic*al (?), a. Elastic. [R.] Bentley.

E*las"tic*al*ly, adv. In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.

E`las*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. élasticité.] 1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; as, the elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the air.

2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.

Coefficient of elasticity, the quotient of a stress (of a given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; -- called also coefficient of resistance. -- Surface of elasticity (Geom.), the pedal surface of an ellipsoid (see Pedal); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media.

E*las"tic*ness (?), n. The quality of being elastic; elasticity.

E*las"tin (?), n. [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin.

E*late" (?), a. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and akin to E. tolerate. See Tolerate, and cf. Extol.]

<! p. 476 !> 1. Lifted up; raised; elevated.

> With upper lip elate.

Fenton.

> And sovereign law, that State's collected will,
> O'er thrones and globes, elate,
> Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill.

Sir W. Jones.

2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant.

> O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate,
> Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate.

Pope.

> Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress.

Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed.

E*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elating.] 1. To raise; to exalt. [R.]

> By the potent sun elated high.

Thomson.

2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud.

> Foolishly elated by spiritual pride.

Warburton.

> You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

E*lat"ed*ly (?), adv. With elation.

E*lat"ed*ness, n. The state of being elated.

E*lat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, elates.

||El"a*ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; driver, fr. &?; to drive.] 1. (Bot.) An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in some liverworts.

2. (Zoöl.) Any beetle of the family Elateridæ, having the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also click beetle, spring beetle, and snapping beetle.

3. (Zoöl.) The caudal spring used by Podura and related insects for leaping. See Collembola.

El"a*ter (?), n. (Chem.) The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly Motordica Elaterium) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative.

El"a*ter*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft, flexible masses; -- called also mineral caoutchouc, and elastic bitumen.

El`a*te"ri*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; driving. See 2d Elater.] A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called Momordica Elaterium).

El`a*ter*om"e*ter (?), n. Same as Elatrometer.

El"a*ter*y (?), n. [See 2d Elater.] Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] Ray.

E*la"tion (?), n. [L. elatio. See Elate.] A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity. "Felt the elation of triumph." Sir W. Scott.

E*la"tive (?), a. (Gram.) Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called the absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other cases.

El`a*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a driver + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also elaterometer.]

E*la"yl (?), n. [Gr. &?; olive oil, oil + yl.] (Chem.) Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also elayle.] See Ethylene.

El"bow (?), n. [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga, OHG. elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. &?;lnbogi; prop.; arm-bend); eln ell (orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st Ell, and 4th Bow.] 1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent.

> Her arms to the elbows naked.

R. of Gloucester.

2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.

3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt.

Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room.

At the elbow, very near; at hand. -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances.

El"bow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elbowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elbowing.] To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another.

> They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange.

Macaulay.

To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd.

El"bow (?), v. i. 1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow.

2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. "Purseproud, elbowing Insolence." Grainger.

El"bow*board` (?), n. The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest.

El"bow*chair` (?), n. A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair. Addison.

El"bow*room` (?), n. Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope. "My soul hath elbowroom." Shak.

> Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom.

W. G. Norris.

El*ca"ja (?), n. [Ar.] (Bot.) An Arabian tree (Trichilia emetica). The fruit, which is emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for the cure of the itch.

El*ce"sa*ite (?), n. [From Elcesai, the leader of the sect.] (Eccl.) One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor Trajan.

Eld (?), a. [AS. eald.] Old. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Eld, n. [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald, old. See Old.] 1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic]

> As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage.

Chaucer.

> Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld.

Spenser.

2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic]

> Astrologers and men of eld.

Longfellow.

Eld, v. i. To age; to grow old. [Obs.]

Eld, v. t. To make old or ancient. [Obs.]

> Time, that eldeth all things.

Rom. of R.

Eld"er (?), a. [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See Old.] 1. Older; more aged, or existing longer.

> Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc.

> The elder shall serve the younger.

Gen. xxv. 23.

> But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour.

Keble.

Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle.

Eld"er, n. [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old. See Old, and cf. Elder, a., Alderman.] 1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1.

2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.

> Carry your head as your elders have done.

L'Estrange.

3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church.

In the modern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters.

4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder.

Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff.

El"der (?), n. [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG. elloorn; perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder; or perh. to E. alder, n.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries.

The common North American species is Sambucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient.

Box elder. See under 1st Box. -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort. -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus).

Eld"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat old; elderly. [R.]

Eld"er*ly, a. Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as, elderly people.

El"dern (?), a. Made of elder. [Obs.]

> He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns.

Marston.

Eld"er*ship (?), n. 1. The state of being older; seniority. "Paternity an eldership." Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders.

El"der*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Danewort.

Eld"est (?), a. [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See Elder, a.] 1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak.

2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. "My lady's eldest son." Shak.

> Their eldest historians are of suspected credit.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R. A. Proctor.

El"ding (?), n. [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr fire; akin to AS. æld fire, ælan to burn.] Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

El` Do*ra"do (?), pl. El Doradoes (&?;). [Sp., lit., the gilt (sc. land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to gild. Cf. Dorado.] 1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold and precious stones.

2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness.

> The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit.

T. Moore.

El"dritch (?), a. Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local, Eng.]

E`le*at"ic (?), a. [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in Italy.] Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to the senses, and all to the reason. -- n. A philosopher of the Eleatic school.

E`le*at"i*cism (?), n. The Eleatic doctrine.

El`e*cam*pane" (?), n. [F. énulecampane, NL. inula campana; L. inula elecampane + LL. campana a bell; cf. G. glockenwurz, i. e., "bellwort."] 1. (Bot.) A large, coarse herb (Inula Helenium), with composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute as a stomachic.

2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant.

E*lect" (?), a. [L. electus, p. p. of eligere to elect; e out + legere to choose. See Legend, and cf. Elite, Eclectic.] 1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. "Colors quaint elect." Spenser.

2. (Theol.) Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life. "The elect angels." 1 Tim. v. 21.

3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect.

E*lect", n. 1. One chosen or set apart.

> Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth.

Is. xlii. 1.

2. pl. (Theol.) Those who are chosen for salvation.

> Shall not God avenge his won elect?

Luke xviii. 7.

E*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elected; p. pr. & vb. n. Electing.] 1. To pick out; to select; to choose.

> The deputy elected by the Lord.

Shak.

2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to elect a representative, a president, or a governor.

3. (Theol.) To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or favor.

Syn. -- To choose; prefer; select. See Choose.

E*lect"ant (?), n. [L. electans, p. pr. of electare.] One who has the power of choosing; an elector. [R.]

E*lec"ta*ry (?), n. (Med.) See Electuary.

E*lec"tic (?), a. See Eclectic.

E*lec"ti*cism (?), n. See Eclecticism.

E*lec"tion (?), n. [F. élection, L. electio, fr. eligere to choose out. See Elect, a.] 1. The act of choosing; choice; selection.

2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or viva voce; as, the election of a president or a mayor.

> Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.

J. Adams.

3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act. "By his own election led to ill." Daniel.

4. Discriminating choice; discernment. [Obs.]

> To use men with much difference and election is good.

Bacon.

5. (Theol.) Divine choice; predestination of individuals as objects of mercy and salvation; -- one of the "five points" of Calvinism.

> There is a remnant according to the election of grace.

Rom. xi. 5.

6. (Law) The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by taking one of which, the chooser is excluded from the other.

7. Those who are elected. [Obs.]

> The election hath obtained it.

Rom. xi. 7.

To contest an election. See under Contest. -- To make one's election, to choose.

> He has made his election to walk, in the main, in the old paths.

Fitzed. Hall.

E*lec`tion*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Electionered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electioneering.] To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate.

> A master of the whole art of electioneering.

Macaulay.

E*lec`tion*eer"er (?), n. One who electioneers.

E*lect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. électif.] 1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective act.

2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of choosing; electoral.

> The independent use of their elective franchise.

Bancroft.

3. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as, an elective study; an elective office.

> Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such are the conditions of an elective kingdom.

Dryden.

Elective affinity or attraction (Chem.), a tendency to unite with certain things; chemism.

E*lect"ive, n. In an American college, an optional study or course of study. [Colloq.]

E*lect"ive*ly, adv. In an elective manner; by choice.

E*lect"or (?), n. [L., fr. eligere: cf. F. électeur.] 1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of a candidate for office.

2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to vote.

3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose the emperor.

4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United States, to elect the President and Vice President.

E*lect"or (?), a. [Cf. F. électoral.] Pertaining to an election or to electors.

> In favor of the electoral and other princes.

Burke.

Electoral college, the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice President.

E*lect`or*al"i*ty (?), n. The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

<! p. 477 !>

E*lect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. électorat.] 1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire.

2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them.

> The middle-class electorate of Great Britain.

M. Arnold.

E*lect"or*ess (?), n. [Fem. of Elector.] An electress. Bp. Burnet.

E`lec*to"ri*al (?), a. Electoral. Burke.

E*lect"or*ship (?), n. The office or status of an elector.

{ E*lec"tre, E*lec"ter } (?), n. [L. electrum: cf. F. électre mixture of gold and silver. See Electrum.] 1. Amber. See Electrum. [Obs.]

2. A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an alloy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

E`lec*trep"e*ter (`lk*trp"*tr), n. [Electro + Gr. tre`pein to turn.] An instrument used to change the direction of electric currents; a commutator. [R.]

E*lect"ress (*lk"trs), n. [Cf. F. électrice. Cf. Electoress.] The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire. Burke.

{ E*lec"tric (*lk"trk), E*lec"tric*al (-tr*kal), } a. [L. electrum amber, a mixed metal, Gr. 'h`lektron; akin to 'hle`ktwr the beaming sun, cf. Skr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. électrique. The name came from the production of electricity by the friction of amber.] 1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark.

2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance.

3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. "Electric Pindar." Mrs. Browning.

Electric atmosphere, or Electric aura. See under Aura. -- Electrical battery. See Battery. -- Electrical brush. See under Brush. -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Electric candle. See under Candle. -- Electric cat (Zoöl.), one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish. -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph. -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state. -- Electric, or Electrical, eel, (Zoöl.), a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See Gymnotus. -- Electrical fish (Zoöl.), any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus. -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning. -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson. -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under Carbon. -- Electric, or Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction. -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor, 2. -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose. -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle. -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current. -- Electric ray (Zoöl.), the torpedo. -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph.

E*lec"tric (?), n. (Physics) A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc., employed to excite or accumulate electricity.

E*lec"tric*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.

E*lec"tric*al*ness, a. The state or quality of being electrical.

E`lec*tri"cian (`lk*trsh"an), n. An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of electricity.

E`lec*tric"i*ty (-trs"*t), n.; pl. Electricities (- tz). [Cf. F. électricité. See Electric.] 1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves polarity, or opposition of properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a law involving attraction between surfaces of unlike polarity, and repulsion between those of like; by exhibiting accumulated polar tension when the circuit is broken; and by producing heat, light, concussion, and often chemical changes when the circuit passes between the poles or through any imperfectly conducting substance or space. It is generally brought into action by any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a chemical, physical, or mechanical, cause.
[1913 Webster]

Electricity is manifested under following different forms: (a) Statical electricity, called also Frictional or Common, electricity, electricity in the condition of a stationary charge, which may be produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by induction. (b) Dynamical electricity, called also Voltaic electricity, electricity in motion, or as a current produced by chemical decomposition, as by means of a voltaic battery, or by mechanical action, as by dynamo-electric machines. (c) Thermoelectricity, in which the disturbing cause is heat (attended possibly with some chemical action). It is developed by uniting two pieces of unlike metals in a bar, and then heating the bar unequally. (d) Atmospheric electricity, any condition of electrical disturbance in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or all of the above mentioned causes. (e) Magnetic electricity, electricity developed by the action of magnets. (f) Positive electricity, the electricity that appears at the positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is produced by friction of glass; -- called also vitreous electricity. (g) Negative electricity, the electricity that appears at the negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction of resinous substance; -- called also resinous electricity. (h) Organic electricity, that which is developed in organic structures, either animal or vegetable, the phrase animal electricity being much more common.

2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of electricity; electrical science.

3. Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic.
[1913 Webster]

E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it.

E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physics) The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity.

E*lec"tri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrifying.] [Electric + -fy.] 1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; as, to electrify a jar.

2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to; as, to electrify a limb, or the body.

3. To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriotic sentiment electrified the audience.

> If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defiance of the writ of habeas corpus . . . the whole nation would be instantly electrified by the news.

Macaulay.

> Try whether she could electrify Mr. Grandcourt by mentioning it to him at table.

G. Eliot.

E*lec"tri*fy, v. i. To become electric.

E*lec"trine (?), a. [L. electrinus of amber. See Electric.] 1. Belonging to, or made of, amber.

2. Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.

E`lec*tri"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition of external objects.

E*lec`tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. électrisation.] The act of electrizing; electrification.

E*lec"trize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrizing (?).] [Cf. F. électriser.] To electricity. Eng. Cyc.

E*lec"tri`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, electrizes.

E*lec"tro- (?). [L. electrum amber. See Electric.] A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing electricity, etc.; as, electro-negative; electro-dynamic; electro- magnet.

E*lec"tro, n. An electrotype.

E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to electro-ballistics.

E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics (?), n. The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity.

E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in electro-biology.

E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Biol.) 1. That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms.

2. That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity.

E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. &?; life + -scopy.] (Biol.) A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the presence or absence of muscular contraction.

E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by the action of an electrical current or charge.

E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry (?), a. (Physics) Pert. to, or caused by, electro- capillarity.

E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry. Ure.

E*lec`tro-chem"is*try (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to chemical changes.

E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph (?), n. (Astron. Physics) An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It has an electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See Chronograph.

E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it.

E*lec"tro*cute` (?), v. t. [Electro- + cute in execute.] To execute or put to death by electricity. -- E*lec`tro*cu"tion, n. [Recent; Newspaper words]

E*lec"trode (*lk"trd), n. [Electro- + Gr. "odo`s way, path: cf. F. électrode.] (Elec.) The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current.

{ E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic (?), E*lec`tro- dy*nam"ic*al (?), } a. (Physics) Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force.

E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics (?), n. 1. The phenomena of electricity in motion.

2. The branch of science which treats of the properties of electric currents; dynamical electricity.

E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents.

E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing (?), n. The art or process of engraving by means of electricity.

E*lec`tro-etch"ing (?), n. A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action.

E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Electro- + genesis.] (Physiol.) Same as Electrogeny.

E*lec`tro*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; as, an electrogenic condition.

E`lec*trog"e*ny (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. &?; to produce.] (Physiol.) A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is passed along the spinal cord or nerves.

E*lec`tro-gild"ing (?), n. The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of voltaic electricity.

E*lec"tro-gilt` (?), a. Gilded by means of voltaic electricity.

E*lec"tro*graph (?), n. [Electro- + -graph.] A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of electricity.

E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.

E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity in motion.

E*lec`tro*lier" (?), n. [Formed from electric in imitation of chandelier.] A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support electric illuminating lamps.

E`lec*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Electro- + -logy.] That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena of electricity and its properties.

E`lec*trol"y*sis (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. &?; a loosing, dissolving, fr. &?; to loose, dissolve.] (Physics & Chem.) The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action of electricity; as, the electrolysis of silver or nickel for plating; the electrolysis of water.

E*lec"tro*lyte (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. &?; a dissoluble: cf. F. électrolyte.] (Physics & Chem.) A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an electric current.

{ E*lec`tro*lyt"ic (?), E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. électrolytique.] Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action. -- E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity.

E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or the process of electrolyzing.

E*lec"tro*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrolyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrolyzing (?).] [Cf. F. électrolyser. See Electrolysis.] To decompose by the direct action of electricity. Faraday.

E*lec`tro-mag"net (?), n. A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe.

E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic (?), a. Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is developed by the passage of an electric current.

Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism. -- Electro- magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray.

E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism (?), n. The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the science which treats of the development of magnetism by means of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of the currents evolved.

E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy (?), n. The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.

E`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Electro- + -meter: cf. F. électromètre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually called an electroscope).

Balance electrometer. See under Balance.

{ E*lec`tro-met"ric (?), E*lec`tro-met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. électrométrique.] Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of an electrometer; as, an electrometrical experiment.

E`lec*trom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. électrométrie.] (Physics) The art or process of making electrical measurements.

E*lec`tro-mo"tion (?), n. The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of electricity.

E*lec`tro-mo"tive (?), a. Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.

Electro-motive force (Physics), the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential.

E*lec`tro*mo"tor (?), n. [Cf. F. électromoteur.] 1. (Physics) A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating a current of electricity.

2. (Mech.) An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine.

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E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under electricity, or their sensibility to it.

E*lec"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'h`lektron. See Electric.] Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum.

E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) (a) Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite electricities attract each other. (b) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic.

E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis.

E`lec*trop"a*thy (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. pa`qos suffering.] (Med.) The treatment of disease by electricity.

E*lec"tro*phone (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. fwnh` sound.] (Physics) An instrument for producing sound by means of electric currents.

||E*lec`troph"o*rus (?), n.; pl. ||Electrophori (#). [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. fe`rein to bear.] (Physics) An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shellac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal.

E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism.

E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Physiol.) That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena produced through physiological agencies.

E*lec"tro*plate` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electroplating.] (Mech.) To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis.

E*lec"tro*pla`ter (?), n. One who electroplates.

E*lec"tro*pla`ting (?), n. The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of electricity.

E*lec`tro-po"lar (?), a. (Physics) Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a conductor.

E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the converse or correlative of electro-negative.

An element that is electro-positive in one compound may be electro-negative in another, and vice versa.

2. (Chem.) Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from negative, nonmetallic, or acid.

E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis.

{ E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion (?), E*lec`tro- punc`tur*ing (?; 135) }, n. (Med.) See Electropuncture.

E*lec`tro-punc`ture (?; 135), n. (Med.) An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus.

E*lec"tro*scope (?), n. [Electro- + -scope: cf. F. électroscope.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like.

Condensing electroscope (Physics), a form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser.

E*lec`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.

E*lec`tro*stat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to electrostatics.

E*lec`tro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or electric force in a state of rest.

E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type (?), n. Same as Electrotype.

E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it.

E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph.

E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. (Med.) The branch of medical science which treats of the applications agent.

E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals.

E*lec"tro-tint` (?), n. (Fine Arts) A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro- typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing.

E*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. Faraday.

2. (Physiol.) Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a nerve.

E`lec*trot"o*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To cause or produce electrotonus.

E`lec*trot"o*nous (?), a. Electrotonic.

||E`lec*trot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. &?; tension.] (Physiol.) The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of electricity passes through any part of it. See Anelectrotonus, and Catelectrotonus.

E*lec"tro*type (?), n. [Electro- + -type.] A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively.

The face of an electrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal.

E*lec"tro*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrotyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrotyping (?).] To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as, to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n.

E*lec"tro*ty`per (?), n. One who electrotypes.

E*lec`tro*typ"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy.

E*lec"tro*ty`ping (?), n. The act or the process of making electrotypes.

E*lec"tro*ty`py (?), n. The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under Electrotype, n.

E*lec`tro-vi"tal (?), a. Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate in the nerves of animals.

E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism (?), n. (Physiol.) The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent upon electricity or a kindred force.

E*lec"trum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Electric, and cf. Electre, Electron.] 1. Amber.

2. An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the ancients.

3. German-silver plate. See German silver, under German.

E*lec"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n.; pl. Electuaries (#). [OE. letuaire, OF. lettuaire, electuaire, F. électuaire, L. electuarium, electarium. prob. fr. Gr. &?;, &?; a medicine that is licked away, fr. Gr. &?; to lick up; 'ek out + &?; to lick. See Lick, and cf. Eclegm.] (Med.) A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note under Confection.

El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably.

El`ee*mos"y*na*ry (?; 277), a. [LL. eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms, Gr. &?; alms. See Alms.] 1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation.

2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as, eleemosynary assistance. "Eleemosynary cures." Boyle.

3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor.

El`ee*mos"y*na*ry, n.; pl. Eleemosynaries (&?;). One who subsists on charity; a dependent. South.

{ El"e*gance (?), El"e*gan*cy (?), } n. [L. elegantia, fr. elegans, - antis, elegant: cf. F. élégance.] 1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc.

> That grace that elegance affords.

Drayton.

> The endearing elegance of female friendship.

Johnson.

> A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the masculine character after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness for the sight and fragrance of flowers.

Hawthorne.

2. That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly attractive.

> The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer elegancies of art.

Spectator.

Syn. -- Elegance, Grace. Elegance implies something of a select style of beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; as, elegance of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant furniture; an elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used, refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be graceful, but can hardly be called elegant.

El"e*gant (?), a. [L. elegans, -antis; akin to eligere to pick out, choose, select: cf. F. élégant. See Elect.] 1. Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure.

> A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature.

Prescott.

2. Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to beauty; as, elegant taste.

Syn. -- Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly ornamental.

El"e*gant*ly, adv. In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due symmetry; richly.

E*le"gi*ac (?; 277), a. [L. elegiacus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. élégiaque. See Elegy.] 1. Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay; elegiac strains.

> Elegiac griefs, and songs of love.

Mrs. Browning.

2. Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter.

E*le"gi*ac (?), n. Elegiac verse.

El`e*gi"a*cal (?), a. Elegiac.

E*le"gi*ast (?), n. One who composes elegies. Goldsmith.

El`e*gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; an elegy + -graph + -er.] An elegist. [Obs.]

El"e*gist (?), n. A write of elegies. T. Warton.

||E*le"git (?), n. [L., he has chosen, fr. eligere to choose. See Elect.] (Law) A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if not sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired.

El"e*gize (?), v. t. To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to bewail. Carlyle.

El"e*gy (?), n.; pl. Elegies (#). [L. elegia, Gr. &?;, fem. sing. (cf. &?;, prop., neut. pl. of &?; a distich in elegiac verse), fr. &?; elegiac, fr. &?; a song of mourning.] A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation. Shak.

E*le"i*din (?), n. (Biol.) Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells.

El"e*ment (?), n. [F. élément, L. elementum.] 1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen.

The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin.

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Several other elements have been announced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established.

3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite.

> The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn.

Jowett (Thucyd.).

4. (a) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb. (b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber.

5. (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed.

6. (Math.) (a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be the infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated an indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential. (b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an element of the former. (c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression.

7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit.

8. pl. The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music.

9. pl. Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elements of a plan.

10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter. (a) The four elements were, air, earth, water, and fire; whence it is said, water is the proper element of fishes; air is the element of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited for its existence.

> Of elements
> The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea;
> Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires
> Ethereal.

Milton.

> Does not our life consist of the four elements?

Shak.

> And the complexion of the element [i. e.,the sky or air]
> In favor's like the work we have in hand,
> Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible.

Shak.

> About twelve ounces [of food], with mere element for drink.

Cheyne.

> They show that they are out of their element.

T. Baker.

Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. "The elements be kind to thee." (b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury. Brande & C.

11. pl. The whole material composing the world.

> The elements shall melt with fervent heat.

2 Peter iii. 10.

12. pl. (Eccl.) The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper.

Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up.

El"e*ment (l"*mnt), v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.] "[Love] being elemented too." Donne.

2. To constitute; to make up with elements.

> His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness.

Walton.

El`e*men"tal (l`*mn"tal), a. 1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air. "Elemental strife." Pope.

2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary. "The elemental rules of erudition." Cawthorn.

El`e*men"tal*ism (-z'm), a. The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the personification of elemental powers.

E`le*men*tal"i*ty (- mn*tl"*t), n. The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so composed.

El`e*men"tal*ly (?), adv. According to elements; literally; as, the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," elementally understood.

El`e*men"tar (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Skelton.

El`e*men"ta*ri*ness (?), n. The state of being elementary; original simplicity; uncompounded state.

El`e*men*tar"i*ty (?), n. Elementariness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

El`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. elementarius: cf. F. élémentaire.] 1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance.

2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise.

3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire. "Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region." J. Spencer.

El`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. Instruction in the elements or first principles. [R.]

El"e*men*toid` (?), a. [Element + -oid.] Resembling an element.

El"e*mi (?), n. [Cf. F. élemi, It. elemi, Sp. elemi; of American or Oriental. origin.] A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly from tropical trees of the genera Amyris and Canarium. A. elemifera yields Mexican elemi; C. commune, the Manila elemi. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes, also in ointments and plasters.

El"e*min (?), n. (Chem.) A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from the resin.

E*lench" (*lk"), n.; pl. Elenchs (#). [L. elenchus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to convict, confute, prove: cf. OF. elenche.] (Logic) (a) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a refutation. (b) A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism.

E*len"chic*al (?), a. Pertaining to an elench.

E*len"chic*al*ly, adv. By means of an elench.

E*len"chize (?), v. i. To dispute. [R.] B. Jonson.

{ E*lench"tic, E*lench"tic*al (?) }, a. Same as Elenctic.

||E*len"chus (?), n. [L.] Same as Elench.

{ E*lenc"tic (?), E*lenc"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr.&?;.] (Logic) Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes of proof, and opposed to deictic.

El"enge (?), a. [Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend miserable.] Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

El"enge*ness, n. Loneliness; misery. [Obs.]

El"e*phan*sy (?), n. [L. elephantia.] Elephantiasis. [Obs.] Holland.

El"e*phant (l"*fant), n. [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant, F. éléphant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. 'ele`fas, -fantos; of unknown origin; perh. fr. Skr. ibha, with the Semitic article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.] 1. (Zoöl.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing.

2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] Dryden.

Elephant apple (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the orange. -- Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. Mantell. -- Elephant beetle (Zoöl.), any very large beetle of the genus Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarabæidæ. They inhabit West Africa. -- Elephant fish (Zoöl.), a chimæroid fish (Callorhynchus antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout. -- Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 × 28 inches. -- Double elephant paper, paper measuring 26¾ × 40 inches. See Note under Paper. -- Elephant seal (Zoöl.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis. -- Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves. -- Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite weeds. -- Elephant's tusk (Zoöl.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium.

El`e*phan"ti*ac (?), a. (Med.) Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis.

||El`e*phan*ti"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from 'ele`fas, -fantos, an elephant.] (Med.) A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide.

El`e*phan"tine (?), a. [L. elephantinus of ivory, Gr. &?;: cf. F. éléphantin.] Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread.

Elephantine epoch (Geol.), the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. Mantell. -- Elephantine tortoise (Zoöl.), a huge land tortoise; esp., Testudo elephantina, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and T. elephantopus, from the Galapagos Islands.

{ El"e*phan*toid` (?; 277), El`e*phan*toid"al (?), } a. [Elephant + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Resembling an elephant in form or appearance.

El`eu*sin"i*an (?), a. [L. Eleusinius, Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor of Ceres, there celebrated; as, Eleusinian mysteries or festivals.

||E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. 'eleu`qeros free + E. mania.] A mania or frantic zeal for freedom. [R.] Carlyle.

E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac, a. Mad for freedom. [R.]

E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. 'eleu`qeros free + E. petal.] (Bot.) Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each other; -- said of both plant and flower.

El"e*vate (?), a. [L. elevatus, p. p.] Elevated; raised aloft. [Poetic] Milton.

El"e*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elevated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elevating (?).] [L. elevatus, p. p. of elevare; e + levare to lift up, raise, akin to levis light in weight. See Levity.] 1. To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to raise; as, to elevate a weight, a flagstaff, etc.

2. To raise to a higher station; to promote; as, to elevate to an office, or to a high social position.

3. To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; as, to elevate the spirits.

4. To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; as, to elevate the mind or character.

5. To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of loudness; -- said of sounds; as, to elevate the voice.

6. To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy. [Colloq. & Sportive] "The elevated cavaliers sent for two tubs of merry stingo." Sir W. Scott.

7. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage. [A Latin meaning] [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

To elevate a piece (Gun.), to raise the muzzle; to lower the breech.

Syn. -- To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist; heighten; elate; cheer; flush; excite; animate.

El"e*va`ted (?), a. Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; as, elevated thoughts.

Elevated railway, one in which the track is raised considerably above the ground, especially a city railway above the line of street travel.

El"e*va`ted*ness, n. The quality of being elevated.

El`e*va"tion (?), n. [L. elevatio: cf. F. élévation.] 1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or character.

2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. "Degrees of elevation above us." Locke.

> His style . . . wanted a little elevation.

Sir H. Wotton.

3. That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station; as, an elevation of the ground; a hill.

4. (Astron.) The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon; altitude; as, the elevation of the pole, or of a star.

5. (Dialing) The angle which the style makes with the substylar line.

6. (Gunnery) The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line o&?; sight; -- distinguished from direction.

7. (Drawing) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the orthography.

Angle of elevation (Geodesy), the angle which an ascending line makes with a horizontal plane. -- Elevation of the host (R. C. Ch.), that part of the Mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore.

El"e*va`tor (?), n. [L., one who raises up, a deliverer: cf. F. élévateur.] One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as: (a) A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft for storage. (b) A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel, warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods, etc., to or from different floors or levels; -- called in England a lift; the cage or platform itself. (c) A building for elevating, storing, and discharging, grain. (d) (Anat.) A muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the leg or the eye. (e) (Surg.) An instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone.

Elevator head, leg, ∧ boot, the boxes in which the upper pulley, belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in a grain elevator.

El"e*va`to*ry (?), a. Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; as, elevatory forces.

El"e*va`to*ry, n. [Cf. F. élévatoire.] (Surg.) See Elevator, n. (e). Dunglison.

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||É`lève" (`lv"), n. [F., fr. élever to raise, bring up.] A pupil; a student.

E*lev"en (*lv"'n), a. [OE. enleven, AS. endleofan, endlufon, for nleofan; akin to LG. eleve, ölwe, ölwen, D. elf, G. elf, eilf, OHG. einlif, Icel. ellifu, Sw. elfva, Dan. elleve, Goth. ainlif, cf. Lith. vënolika; and fr. the root of E. one + (prob.) a root signifying "to be left over, remain," appearing in E. loan, or perh. in leave, v. t., life. See One, and cf. Twelve.] Ten and one added; as, eleven men.

E*lev"en, n. 1. The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects.

2. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi.

3. (Cricket & American Football) The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven.

E*lev"enth (?), a. [Cf. AS. endlyfta. See Eleven.] 1. Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter.

2. Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided; as, the eleventh part of a thing.

3. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and the fourth.

E*lev"enth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal parts.

2. (Mus.) The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees; the interval made up of an octave and a fourth.

Elf (lf), n.; pl. Elves (lvz). [AS. ælf, ylf; akin to MHG. alp, G. alp nightmare, incubus, Icel. lfr elf, Sw. alf, elfva; cf. Skr. bhu skillful, artful, rabh to grasp. Cf. Auf, Oaf.] 1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in mischievous tricks.

> Every elf, and fairy sprite,
> Hop as light as bird from brier.

Shak.

2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf.

Elf arrow, a flint arrowhead; -- so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to fairies; -- called also elf bolt, elf dart, and elf shot. -- Elf child, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one they had stolen. See Changeling. -- Elf fire, the ignis fatuus. Brewer. -- Elf owl (Zoöl.), a small owl (Micrathene Whitneyi) of Southern California and Arizona.

Elf, v. t. To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do.

> Elf all my hair in knots.

Shak.

Elf"in (-n), a. Relating to elves.

Elf"in, n. A little elf or urchin. Shenstone.

Elf"ish, a. Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves. "Elfish light." Coleridge.

> The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her small physiognomy.

Hawthorne.

Elf"ish*ly, adv. In an elfish manner.

Elf"ish*ness, n. The quality of being elfish.

Elf"kin (?), n. A little elf.

Elf"land` (?), n. Fairyland. Tennyson.

Elf"lock` (?), n. Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves.

El"gin mar"bles (?). Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin.

E*lic"it (?), a. [L. elictus, p. p. of elicere to elicit; e + lacere to entice. Cf. Delight, Lace.] Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] "An elicit act of equity." Jer. Taylor.

E*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliciting.] To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit truth by discussion.

E*lic"i*tate (?), v. t. To elicit. [Obs.]

E*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of eliciting. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

E*lide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elided; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliding.] [L. elidere to strike out or off; e + laedere to hurt by striking: cf. F. élider. See Lesion.] 1. To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; as, to elide the force of an argument. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. (Gram.) To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the final one; to subject to elision.

El`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. éligibilité.] The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of marriage.

El"i*gi*ble (?), a. [F. éligible, fr. L. eligere. See Elect.] 1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally qualified to be elected and to hold office.

2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as, an eligible situation for a house.

> The more eligible of the two evils.

Burke.

El"i*gi*ble*ness, n. The quality of being worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness; desirableness.

El"i*gi*bly, adv. In an eligible manner.

El"i*mate (?), v. t. [L. elimatus, p. p. of elimare to file up; e out + limare to file, fr. lima file.] To render smooth; to polish. [Obs.]

E*lim"i*nant (?), n. (Math.) The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous equations of any degree; -- called also resultant.

E*lim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eliminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eliminating (?).] [L. eliminatus, p. p. of eliminare; e out + limen threshold; prob. akin to limes boundary. See Limit.] 1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty.

> Eliminate my spirit, give it range
> Through provinces of thought yet unexplored.

Young.

2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity.

3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration.

> Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating.

Lowth.

4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well authorized]

5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system.

E*lim`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. élimination.] 1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.) the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances through the various emunctories.

2. (Alg.) Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities.

3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction. [See Eliminate, 4.]

E*lim"i*na*tive (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to, or carrying on, elimination.

E*lin"guate (?), v. t. [L. elinguare.] To deprive of the tongue. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode).

E`lin*gua"tion (?), n. [L. elinguatio. See Elinguid.] (O. Eng. Law) Punishment by cutting out the tongue.

E*lin"guid (?), a. [L. elinguis, prop., deprived of the tongue; hence, speechless; e + lingua tongue.] Tongue-tied; dumb. [Obs.]

E*liq"ua*ment (?), n. A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure.

El`i*qua"tion (?), n. [L. eliquatio, fr. eliquare to clarify, strain; e + liquare to make liquid, melt.] (Metallurgy) The process of separating a fusible substance from one less fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation. Ure.

E*li"son (?), n. [L. elisio, fr. elidere, elisum, to strike out: cf. F. élision. See Elide.] 1. Division; separation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.) The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; esp., in poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when the two words are drawn together.

E*li"sor (?), n. [F. éliseur, fr. élire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] (Eng. Law) An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a court to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and the coroners are disqualified.

||É`lite" (?), n. [F., fr. élire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] A choice or select body; the flower; as, the élite of society.

E*lix" (?), v. t. [See Elixate.] To extract. [Obs.] Marston.

E*lix"ate (?), v. t. [L. elixatus, p. p. of elixare to seethe, fr. elixus thoroughly boiled; e + lixare to boil, lix ashes.] To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething. [Obs.] Cockeram.

El`ix*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. élixation.] A seething; digestion. [Obs.] Burton.

E*lix"ir (?), n. [F. élixir, Sp. elixir, Ar. eliksr the philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. &?; dry, (hence probably) a dry powder; cf. Skr. ksh to burn.] 1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form.

2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vitæ, or the elixir of life.

3. The refined spirit; the quintessence.

> The . . . elixir of worldly delights.

South.

4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates.

> The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature.

Addison.

E*liz"a*beth`an (?), a. Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Lowell.

Elk (?), n. [Icel. elgr; akin to Sw. elg, AS. eolh, OHG. elaho, MHG. elch, cf. L. alces; perh. akin to E. eland.] (Zoöl.) A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti.

Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also Illustration of Antler. -- Cape elk (Zoöl.), the eland.

{ Elk, Elke } (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus).

Elk"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) The buffalo nut. See under Buffalo.

Elk"wood` (?), n. The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia (M. Umbrella).

Ell (?), n. [AS. eln; akin to D. el, elle, G. elle, OHG. elina, Icel. alin, Dan. alen, Sw. aln, Goth. alenia, L. ulna elbow, ell, Gr. &?; elbow. Cf. Elbow, Alnage.] A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.

Ell, n. (Arch.) See L.

El"la*chick (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus marmoratus) of California; -- used as food.

El*lag"ic (?), a. [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters reversed).] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as, ellagic acid.

Ellagic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C14H8O9, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of gallic acid.

El"le*bore (?), n. Hellebore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

El*leb"o*rin (?), n. See Helleborin.

El"leck (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) The red gurnard or cuckoo fish. [Prov. Eng.]

{El"lenge (?), El"linge (?), a., El"lenge*ness, El"linge*ness, n }. See Elenge, Elengeness. [Obs.]

El"les (?), adv. & conj. See Else. [Obs.]

El*lipse" (l*lps"), n. [Gr. 'e`lleipsis, prop., a defect, the inclination of the ellipse to the base of the cone being in defect when compared with that of the side to the base: cf. F. ellipse. See Ellipsis.] 1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus.

2. (Gram.) Omission. See Ellipsis.

3. The elliptical orbit of a planet.

> The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun;
> The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse.

Tennyson.

El*lip"sis (l*lp"ss), n.; pl. Ellipses (- sz). [L., fr. Gr. 'e`lleipsis a leaving, defect, fr. 'ellei`pein to leave in, fall short; 'en in + lei`pein to leave. See In, and Loan, and cf. Ellipse.] 1. (Gram.) Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; as, the virtues I admire, for, the virtues which I admire.

2. (Geom.) An ellipse. [Obs.]

El*lip"so*graph (?), n. [Ellipse + graph: cf. F. ellipsographe.] An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also trammel.

El*lip"soid (?), n. [Ellipse + -oid: cf. F. ellipsoide.] (Geom.) A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See Conoid, n., 2 (a).

The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the axes, or principal diameters of the ellipsoid. The point where the three planes meet is the center.

Ellipsoid of revolution, a spheroid; a solid figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. It is called a prolate spheroid, or prolatum, when the ellipse is revolved about the major axis, and an oblate spheroid, or oblatum, when it is revolved about the minor axis.

{ El*lip"soid (?), El`lip*soi"dal (?), } a. Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; as, ellipsoid or ellipsoidal form.

{ El*lip"tic (?), El*lip"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. elliptique. See Ellipsis.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends.

> The planets move in elliptic orbits.

Cheyne.

2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase.

Elliptic chuck. See under Chuck. -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function. -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral. -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization.

El*lip"tic*al*ly, adv. 1. In the form of an ellipse.

2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed.

El`lip*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ellipticité.] Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the ellipticity of the earth is .

Some writers use ellipticity as the ratio of the difference of the two semiaxes to the minor axis, instead of the major. Nichol.

El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate.

El*lip"to*graph (?), n. Same as Ellipsograph.

Ell"wand (?), n. Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long.

Elm (?), n. [AS. elm; akin to D. olm, OHG. elm, G. ulme, Icel. almr, Dan. & Sw. alm, L. ulmus, and E. alder. Cf. Old.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva.

Elm beetle (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the leaves of the elm. -- Elm borer (Zoöl.), one of several species of beetles of which the larvæ bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda tridentata). -- Elm butterfly (Zoöl.), one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma. -- Elm moth (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of moths of which the larvæ destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called elm spanworm). -- Elm sawfly (Zoöl.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm.

Elm"en (?), a. Belonging to elms. [Obs.]

El"mo's fire` (?). See Corposant; also Saint Elmo's Fire, under Saint.

Elm"y (?), a. Abounding with elms.

> The simple spire and elmy grange.

T. Warton.

El`o*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. e- + locate.] 1. A removal from the usual place of residence. [Obs.]

2. Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy. [Obs.]

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E*loc"u*lar (*lk"*lr), a. [Pref. e- + locular.] Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or partition.

El`o*cu"tion (?), n. [L. elocutio, fr. eloqui, elocutus, to speak out: cf. F. élocution. See Eloquent.] 1. Utterance by speech. [R.]

> [Fruit] whose taste . . .
> Gave elocution to the mute, and taught
> The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise.

Milton.

2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in public; as, clear, impressive elocution. "The elocution of a reader." Whately

3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction. [Obs.]

> To express these thoughts with elocution.

Dryden.

El`o*cu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to elocution.

El`o*cu"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.

El"o*cu`tive (?), a. Pertaining to oratorical expression. [Obs.] Feltham.

E*lo"di*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc., in which the head and neck can be withdrawn.

||É`loge" (?), n. [F. See Elogium.] A panegyrical funeral oration.

El"o*gist (?), n. [F. élogiste.] One who pronounces an éloge.

{ E*lo"gi*um (*l"j*m), El"o*gy (l"*j), } n. [L. elogium a short saying, an inscription, fr. Gr. lo`gos speech, fr. le`gein to speak. Cf. Éloge.] The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy.

E*lo"him (*l"hm), n. [Heb.] One of the principal names by which God is designated in the Hebrew Scriptures.

E*lo"hist (?), n. The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old Testament, notably those of the Pentateuch, which are characterized by the use of Elohim instead of Jehovah, as the name of the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from Jehovist. S. Davidson.

El`o*his"tic (?), a. Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in the Old Testament.

E*loign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eloigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloigning.] [F. éloigner, OF. esloignier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OF. & F. loin far, far off, L. longe, fr. longus long. See Elongate.] [Written also eloin.] 1. To remove afar off; to withdraw. [Obs.]

> From worldly cares he did himself eloign.

Spenser.

2. (Law) To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction, or to conceal, as goods liable to distress.

> The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are eloigned.

Blackstone.

E*loign"ate (?), v. t. To remove. [Obs.] Howell.

E*loign"ment (?), n. [F. éloignement.] Removal to a distance; withdrawal. [Obs.]

E*loin" (?), v. t. See Eloign.

E*loin"ate (?), v. t. See Eloignate.

E*loin"ment (?), n. See Eloignment.

E*long" (?; 115), v. t. [See Eloign, Elongate.] 1. To lengthen out; to prolong. [Obs.]

2. To put away; to separate; to keep off. [Obs.] Wyatt.

E*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elongating.] [LL. elongatus, p. p. of elongare to remove, to prolong; e + L. longus long. See Long, a., and cf. Eloign.] 1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line.

2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

E*lon"gate, v. i. To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.]

E*lon"gate (?), a. [LL. elongatus.] Drawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. "An elongate form." Earle.

E`lon*ga"tion (?; 277), n. [LL. elongatio: cf. F. élongation.] 1. The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened; protraction; extension. "Elongation of the fibers." Arbuthnot.

2. That which lengthens out; continuation.

> May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as elongations of these two chains?

Pinkerton.

3. Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance; distance.

> The distant points in the celestial expanse appear to the eye in so small a degree of elongation from one another, as bears no proportion to what is real.

Glanvill.

4. (Astron.) The angular distance of a planet from the sun; as, the elongation of Venus or Mercury.

E*lope" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloping.] [D. ontloopen to run away; pref. ont- (akin to G. ent-, AS. and-, cf. E. answer) + loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, v. t.] To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station to which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman or a man, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a paramour or a sweetheart.

> Great numbers of them [the women] have eloped from their allegiance.

Addison.

E*lope"ment (?), n. The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and a man, one or both, who run away from their homes for marriage or for cohabitation.

E*lop"er (?), n. One who elopes.

E"lops (?), n. [L. elops, helops, a kind of sea fish, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes. See Saury.

2. A mythical serpent. [Obs.] Milton.

El"o*quence (?), n. [F. éloquence, L. eloquentia, fr. eloquens. See Eloquent.] 1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion.

> Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart.

Hare.

2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive speech.

> Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes.

Pope.

> The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their eloquence.

Macaulay.

3. That which is eloquently uttered or written.

> O, let my books be then the eloquence
> And dumb presagers of my speaking breast.

Shak.

Syn. -- Oratory; rhetoric.

El"o*quent (?), a. [F. éloquent, L. eloquens, -entis, p. pr. of eloqui to speak out, declaim; e + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] 1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; as, an eloquent orator or preacher.

> O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove
> What dust we dote on when 't is man we love.

Pope.

2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with fluency and power; as, an eloquent address or statement; an eloquent appeal to a jury.

El"o*quent*ly, adv. In an eloquent manner.

{ El"rich (?) or El"ritch }, a. Ghastly; preternatural. Same as Eldritch. [Scot. & Local, Eng.]

Else (?), a. & pron. [OE. & AS. elles otherwise, gen. sing. of an adj. signifying other; akin to OHG. elles otherwise, OSw. äljes, Sw. eljest, Goth. aljis, adj., other, L. alius, Gr. &?;. Cf. Alias, Alien.] Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming? What else shall I give? Do you expect anything else? "Bastards and else." Shak.

This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the possessive form to else rather than to the substantive; as, somebody else's; no one else's. "A boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil case." G. Eliot. "A suit of clothes like everybody else's." Thackeray.

Else, adv. & conj. 1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere else; no one else.

2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were different.

> For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it.

Ps. li. 16.

After ‘or', else is sometimes used expletively, as simply noting an alternative. "Will you give thanks, . . . or else shall I?" Shak.

Else"where` (?), adv. 1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere.

2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it is reported in town and elsewhere.

Else"whith`er (?), adv. To some, or any, other place; as, you will have to go elsewhither for it. R. of Gloucester. "For elsewhither was I bound." Carlyle.

Else"wise` (?), adv. Otherwise. [R.]

El"sin (?), n. A shoemaker's awl. [Prov. Eng.]

E*lu"ci*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elucidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elucidating (?).] [LL. elucidatus, p. p. of elucidare; e + lucidus full of light, clear. See Lucid.] To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject.

E*lu`ci*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. élucidation.] A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration; as, one example may serve for further elucidation of the subject.

E*lu"ci*da`tive (?), a. Making clear; tending to elucidate; as, an elucidative note.

E*lu"ci*da`tor (?), n. One who explains or elucidates; an expositor.

E*lu"ci*da*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elucidate; elucidative. [R.]

E*luc"tate (?), v. i. [L. eluctatus, p. p. of eluctari to struggle out; e + luctari to wrestle.] To struggle out; -- with out. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

E`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. eluctatio.] A struggling out of any difficulty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

E*lu"cu*brate (?), v. i. [L. elucubratus, p. p. of elucubrare to compose by lamplight.] See Lucubrate. [Obs.] Blount.

E*lu`cu*bra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. élucubration.] See Lucubration. [Obs.] Evelyn.

E*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eluding.] [L. eludere, elusum; e + ludere to play: cf. F. éluder. See Ludicrous.] To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle; as, to elude an officer; to elude detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to elude the force of an argument or a blow.

> Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain,
> Then, hid in shades, eludes he eager swain.

Pope.

> The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process of which the stages elude close definition.

Tylor.

Syn. -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle; frustrate; foil.

E*lud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being eluded; evadible.

E"lul (?), n. [Heb.] The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the month of September.

E*lum"ba*ted (?), a. [L. elumbis; e + lumbus loin.] Weak or lame in the loins. [Obs.]

E*lu"sion (?), n. [LL. elusio, fr. L. eludere, elusum. See Elude.] Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a cheat; trickery.

E*lu"sive (?), a. Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious.

> Elusive of the bridal day, she gives
> Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives.

Pope.

-- E*lu"sive*ly, adv. -- E*lu"sive*ness, n.

E*lu"so*ry (?), a. [LL. elusorius.] Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful; deceptive. -- E*lu"so*ri*ness (#), n.

E*lute" (?), v. t. [L. elutus, p. p. of eluers to elute; e + luere to wash.] To wash out. [R.] Arbuthnot.

E*lu"tri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elutriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elutriating (?).] [L. elutriatus, p. p. of elutriare.] To wash or strain out so as to purify; as, to elutriate the blood as it passes through the lungs; to strain off or decant, as a powder which is separated from heavier particles by being drawn off with water; to cleanse, as by washing.

E*lu`tri*a"tion (?), n. The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by means of water, as finer particles from heavier.

E*lux"ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + luxate.] To dislocate; to luxate.

E`lux*a"tion (?), n. Dislocation; luxation.

Elv"an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; elvish.

2. (Mining) Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic or porphyritic rock crossing metalliferous veins in the mining districts of Cornwall; as, an elvan course.

{ Elv"an, Elv"an*ite (?) }, n. The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan course.

Elve (?), n. An old form of Elf.

El"ver (?), n. (Zoöl.) A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene.

Elves (?), n.; pl. of Elf.

Elv"ish (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant; absent in demeanor. See Elfish.

> He seemeth elvish by his countenance.

Chaucer.

2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.]

Elv"ish*ly, adv. In an elvish manner. Sir W. Scott.

El"wand (?), n. [Obs.] See Ellwand.

E*ly"sian (?), a. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.] Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. "Elysian shades." Massinger. "Elysian age." Beattie.

> This life of mortal breath
> Is but a suburb of the life elysian.

Longfellow.

E*ly"sium (?), n.; pl. E. Elysiums (#), L. Elysia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?; &?;, Elysian field.] (Anc. Myth.) 1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise.

2. Hence, any delightful place.

> An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks.

I. Taylor.

E*lyt"ri*form (?), a. [Elytrum + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the form, or structure, of an elytron.

El"y*trin (?), n. [From Elytrum.] (Chem.) See Chitin.

El"y*troid (?), a. [Gr. &?; sheath, a wing case + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Resembling a beetle's wing case.

El"y*tron (?; 277), El"y*trum (-tr&?;m) n.; pl. Elytra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to roll round.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and some other insects, when they are thick and serve only as a protection for the posterior pair. See Coleoptera. (b) One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids. See Chætopoda.

El"ze*vir (?), a. (Bibliog.) Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family at Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also, applied to a round open type introduced by them.

> The Elzevir editions are valued for their neatness, and the elegant small types used.

Brande & C.

'Em (?). An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form hem, them. Addison.

Em (?), n. (Print.) The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type.

Em-. A prefix. See En-.

E*mac"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. emaceratus emaciated; e + macerare to make soft.] To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate. [Obs.] Bullokar.

E*mac`er*a"tion (?), n. Emaciation. [Obs.]

E*ma"ci*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emaciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emaciating.] [L. emaciatus, p. p. of emaciare to make lean; e + maciare to make lean or meager, fr. macies leanness, akin to macer lean. See Meager.] To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh. "He emaciated and pined away." Sir T. Browne.

E*ma"ci*ate, v. t. To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his sickness emaciated him.

E*ma"ci*ate (?), a. [L. emaciatus, p. p.] Emaciated. "Emaciate steeds." T. Warton.

E*ma`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. émaciation.] 1. The act of making very lean.

2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.

E*mac"u*late (?), v. t. [L. emaculatus, p. p. of emaculare to clear from spots. See Maculate.] To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection. [Obs.] Hales.

E*mac`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of clearing from spots. [Obs.] Johnson.

||Æ`mail` om`brant" (?). [F., shaded enamel.] (Fine Arts) An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain. Ure.

Em"a*nant (?), a. [L. emanans, -antis, p. pr. of emanare. See Emanate.] Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; as, an emanant volition.

Em"a*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emanating.] [L. emanare, emanatum, to emanate; e out + manare to flow, prob. for madnare, and akin to madere to be wet, drip, madidus wet, drenched, drunk, Gr. &?;, &?;, wet, &?; to be wet, Skr. mad to boil, matta drunk. Cf. Emane.]

<! p. 482 !> 1. To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or less constantly; as, fragrance emanates from flowers.

2. To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin; to arise, to originate.

> That subsisting from of government from which all special laws emanate.

De Quincey.

Syn. -- To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate.

Em"a*nate (?), a. Issuing forth; emanant. [R.]

Em`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. emanatio: cf. F. émanation.] 1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or origin. South.

> Those profitable and excellent emanations from God.

Jer. Taylor.

2. That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence; as, perfume is an emanation from a flower.

> An emanation of the indwelling life.

Bryant.

Em"a*na*tive (?), a. Issuing forth; effluent.

Em"a*na*tive*ly, adv. By an emanation.

Em"a*na*to*ry (?), a. Emanative; of the nature of an emanation. Dr. H. More.

E*man"ci*pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emancipated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emancipating.] [L. emancipatus, p. p. of emancipare to emancipate; e + mancipare to transfer ownership in, fr. manceps purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on the thing bought; manus hand + capere to take. See Manual, and Capable.] To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as: (a) To set free, as a minor from a parent; as, a father may emancipate a child. (b) To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit; as, to emancipate a slave, or a country.

> Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to emancipate Hellas.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

(c) To free from any controlling influence, especially from anything which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to emancipate one from prejudices or error.

> From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences . . . he had emancipated and freed himself.

Evelyn.

> To emancipate the human conscience.

A. W. Ward.

E*man"ci*pate (?), a. [L. emancipatus, p. p.] Set at liberty.

E*man`ci*pa"tion (?), n. [L. emancipatio: cf. F. émancipation.] The act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the emancipation of slaves; the emancipation of minors; the emancipation of a person from prejudices; the emancipation of the mind from superstition; the emancipation of a nation from tyranny or subjection.

Syn. -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission; enfranchisement.

E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist, n. An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves.

E*man"ci*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emancipates.

E*man"ci*pa*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect emancipation. "Emancipatory laws." G. Eliot.

E*man"ci*pist (?), n. A freed convict. [Australia]

E*mar"gi*nate (?), v. t. [L. emarginare; e out + marginare to furnish with a margin, fr. margo margin.] To take away the margin of.

{ E*mar"gi*nate (?), E*mar"gi*na`ted (?), } a. 1. Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus.

2. (Bot.) Notched at the summit.

3. (Cryst.) Having the edges truncated.

E*mar"gi*nate*ly, adv. In an emarginate manner.

E*mar`gi*na"tion (?), n. The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin.

E*mas"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emasculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emasculating (?).] [L. emasculare; e + masculus male, masculine. See Male masculine.] 1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld.

2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness.

> Luxury had not emasculated their minds.

V. Knox.

E*mas"cu*late (?), a. Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. "Emasculate slave." Hammond.

E*mas`cu*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so deprived; castration.

2. The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor or strength; unmanly weakness.

E*mas"cu*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, emasculates.

E*mas"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. Serving or tending to emasculate.

Em*bace" (?), v. t. See Embase. [Obs.]

Em*bale" (?), v. t. [F. emballer; pref. em- (L. in) + balle bale. See 1st Bale.] [Obs.] 1. To make up into a bale or pack. Johnson.

2. To bind up; to inclose.

> Legs . . . embaled in golden buskins.

Spenser.

Em*ball" (?), v. t. [See Embale.] To encircle or embrace. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Em*balm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embalmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embalming.] [F. embaumer; pref. em- (L. in) + baume balm. See Balm.] 1. To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from decay by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices; to fill or impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and drugs that it may resist putrefaction.

> Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm &?;is father; and the physicians embalmed Israel.

Gem. l. 2.

2. To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume.

> With fresh dews embalmed the earth.

Milton.

3. To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to perpetuate in remembrance.

> Those tears eternal that embalm the dead.

Pope.

Em*balm"er (?), n. One who embalms.

Em*balm"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embaumement.] The act of embalming. [R.] Malone.

Em*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bank. Cf. Imbank.] To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect by a bank of earth or stone.

Em*bank"ment (?), n. 1. The act of surrounding or defending with a bank.

2. A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent water from overflowing a level tract of country, to retain water in a reservoir, or to carry a roadway, etc.

Em*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bar: cf. F. embarrer. Cf. Embargo.] 1. To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars.

> Where fast embarred in mighty brazen wall.

Spenser.

2. To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up.

> He embarred all further trade.

Bacon.

Em`bar*ca"tion (?), n. Same as Embarkation.

Em*barge" (?), v. t. To put in a barge. [Poetic] Drayton.

Em*bar"go (?), n.; pl. Embargoes (#). [Sp., fr. embargar to arrest, restrain; pref. em- (L. in) + Sp. barra bar, akin to F. barre bar. See Bar.] An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its dominions; a prohibition to sail.

If the embargo is laid on an enemy's ships, it is called a hostile embargo; if on the ships belonging to citizens of the embargoing state, it is called a civil embargo.

Em*bar"go, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embargoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embargoing.] To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from leaving port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods.

Em*bark" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarking.] [F. embarquer; pref. em- (L. in) + barque bark: cf. Sp. embarcar, It. imbarcare. See Bark. a vessel.] 1. To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.

2. To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any affair; as, he embarked his fortune in trade.

> It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul embarked his salvation.

South.

Em*bark", v. i. 1. To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; as, the troops embarked for Lisbon.

2. To engage in any affair.

> Slow to embark in such an undertaking.

Macaulay.

Em`bar*ka"tion (?), n. 1. The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; as, the embarkation of troops.

2. That which is embarked; as, an embarkation of Jesuits. Smollett.

Em*bark"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embarquement.] Embarkation. [R.] Middleton.

Em*bar"rass (m*br"ras), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarrassed (- rast); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarrassing.] [F. embarrasser (cf. Sp. embarazar, Pg. embaraçar, Pr. barras bar); pref. em- (L. in) + LL. barra bar. See Bar.] 1. To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by something which impedes or confuses mental action; to perplex; to discompose; to disconcert; as, laughter may embarrass an orator.

2. To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to obstruct; as, business is embarrassed; public affairs are embarrassed.

3. (Com.) To involve in difficulties concerning money matters; to incumber with debt; to beset with urgent claims or demands; -- said of a person or his affairs; as, a man or his business is embarrassed when he can not meet his pecuniary engagements.

Syn. -- To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle; disconcert; abash; distress. -- To Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. We are puzzled when our faculties are confused by something we do not understand. We are perplexed when our feelings, as well as judgment, are so affected that we know not how to decide or act. We are embarrassed when there is some bar or hindrance upon us which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or motion. A schoolboy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is perplexed by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is sometimes so embarrassed before strangers as to lose his presence of mind.

Em*bar"rass, n. [F. embarras. See Embarrass, v. t.] Embarrassment. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

Em*bar"rass*ment (?), n. [F. embarrassement.] 1. A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to freedom of action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or discomposure of mind, as from not knowing what to do or to say; disconcertedness.

> The embarrassment which inexperienced minds have often to express themselves upon paper.

W. Irving.

> The embarrassments tom commerce growing out of the late regulations.

Bancroft.

2. Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to pay debts.

Em*base" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + base, a. or v. t.: cf. OF. embaissier.] To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to debase; to degrade; to deteriorate. [Obs.]

> Embased the valleys, and embossed the hills.

Sylvester.

> Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the better, but it embaseth it.

Bacon.

> Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for nothing but to embase divinity.

South.

Em*base"ment (?), n. [From Embase, v. t.] Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. South.

Em"bas*sade (?), n. [F. ambassade. See Embassy.] An embassy. See Ambassade. [Obs.] Shak.

Em*bas"sa*dor (?), n. [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador, LL. ambassiator, ambasciator. See Embassy, and cf. Ambassador.] Same as Ambassador.

> Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour,
> Was sent to Corinth.

Chaucer.

> Myself my king's embassador will go.

Dryden.

Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ambassadorial.] Same as Ambassadorial.

Em*bas"sa*dress (?), n. [Cf. F. ambassadrice.] Same as Ambassadress.

Em*bas"sa*dry (?), n. [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.] Embassy. [Obs.] Leland.

Em"bas*sage (?; 48), n. 1. An embassy. "He sent a solemn embassage." Bacon.

> Except your embassages have better success.

Motley.

2. Message; errand. Shak.

Em"bas*sy (?), n.; pl. Embassies (#). [OF. ambassée, embascée, LL. ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to go on a mission, fr. L. ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. amaeth husbandman, Goth. andbahts servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht. Cf. Ambassador.] 1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message.

> He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees.

Jer. Taylor.

2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the ambassador and his suite; envoys.

3. The residence or office of an ambassador.

Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy.

Em*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bastardize.] To bastardize. [Obs.]

Em*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf. Imbathe.] To bathe; to imbathe.

Em*bat"tail (?), v. t. [See Embattle.] To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements. [Archaic]

> To embattail and to wall about thy cause
> With iron-worded proof.

Tennyson.

Em*bat"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embattling (?).] [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bataille battle. See Battle, and cf. Battlement.] To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle.

> One in bright arms embattled full strong.

Spenser.

> Here once the embattled farmers stood
> And fired the shot heard round the world.

Emerson.

Em*bat"tle, v. i. To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.]

Em*bat"tle, v. t. [See Battlement.] To furnish with battlements. "Embattled house." Wordsworth.

Em*bat"tled (?), a. 1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Her.) Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like.

3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or field. J. Baillie.

Em*bat"tle*ment (?), n. 1. An intended parapet; a battlement.

2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements.

Em*bay" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.] To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embaying.] [Pref. em- + 1st bay.] To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.

> If that the Turkish fleet
> Be not ensheltered and embayed, they are drowned.

Shak.

Em*bay"ment (?), n. A bay. [R.]

> The embayment which is terminated by the land of North Berwick.

Sir W. Scott.

Em*beam" (?), v. t. To make brilliant with beams. [R.] G. Fletcher.

Em*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Embedding.] [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. Imbed.] To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as, to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand.

Em*bed"ment (?), n. The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.

Em*bel"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embellished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embellishing.] [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F. embellir; pref. em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See Beauty.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with metaphors.

Syn. -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich; ornament; illustrate. See Adorn.

Em*bel"lish*er (?), n. One who embellishes.

Em*bel"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embellissement.] 1. The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment.

> In the selection of their ground, as well as in the embellishment of it.

Prescott.

2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; as, pictorial embellishments.

> The graces and embellishments of the exterior man.

I. Taylor.

Em"ber (?), n. [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. &?;myrie; akin to Icel. eimyrja, Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf. Icel. eimr vapor, smoke.] A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of a fire. "He rakes hot embers." Dryden.

> He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel.

Colebrooke.

Em"ber, a. [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop., running around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr. rinnan to run. See Amb-, and Run.] Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts.

<! p. 483 !>

Ember days (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [a. d. 1095] appointed for ember days the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September, and the 13th of December. The weeks in which these days fall are called ember weeks.

Em"ber-goose` (?), n. [Cf. Norw. embergaas, hav-imber, hav-immer, Icel. himbrin, himbrimi.] (Zoöl.) The loon or great northern diver. See Loon. [Written also emmer-goose and imber-goose.]

Em"ber*ings (?), n. pl. Ember days. [Obs.]

Emberizidae n. a natural subfamily including buntings and some New World sparrows.
Syn. -- subfamily Emberizidae, subfamily Emberizinae.
[WordNet 1.5]

Em*bet"ter (?), v. t. To make better. [Obs.]

Em*bez"zle (m*bz"z'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embezzled (- z'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Embezzling (?).] [Norm. F. embeseiller to destroy; cf. OF. besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. Bezzle.] 1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by a breach of trust; as, to embezzle money held in trust.

2. To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance. [Obs.]

> To embezzle our money in drinking or gaming.

Sharp.

Em*bez"zle*ment (?), n. The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his employer's money; embezzlement of public funds by the public officer having them in charge.

Larceny denotes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's possession; embezzlement denotes an appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most of the United States embezzlement is made indictable by statute.

Em*bez"zler (?), n. One who embezzles.

Em*bil"low (?), v. i. To swell or heave like a wave of the sea. [R.] Lisle.

Em`bi*ot"o*coid (?), a. [NL. Embiotoca, the name of one genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Belonging to, or resembling, the Embiotocidæ. -- n. One of a family of fishes (Embiotocidæ) abundant on the coast of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also called surf fishes and viviparous fishes. See Illust. in Append.

Em*bit"ter (?), v. t. To make bitter or sad. See Imbitter.

Em*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of embittering; also, that which embitters.

Em*blanch" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + 1st blanch.] To whiten. See Blanch. [Obs.] Heylin.

Em*blaze" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazing.] [Pref. em- + 1st blaze.] 1. To adorn with glittering embellishments.

> No weeping orphan saw his father's stores
> Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors.

Pope.

2. To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or emblazon. [Archaic]

> The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind,
> With gems and golden luster rich emblazed.

Milton.

Em*bla"zon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazoning.] [Pref. em- + blazon. Cf. Emblaze.] 1. To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See Blazon.

2. To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to display pompously; to decorate.

> The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in commemoration of the illustrious pair.

Prescott.

Em*bla"zon*er (?), n. One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays anything with pomp.

Em*bla"zon*ing, n. The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of armorial bearings.

Em*bla"zon*ment (?), n. An emblazoning.

Em*bla"zon*ry (?), n.; pl. Emblazonries (&?;). The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards, etc.; emblazonment.

> Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry.

Trench.

Em"blem (?), n. [F. emblème, L. emblema, -atis, that which is put in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. &?; a thing put in or on, fr. &?; to throw, lay, put in; &?; in + &?; to throw. See In, and Parable.] 1. Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental inserted in a surface. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an object, symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an idea, by natural aptness or by association; a figurative representation; a typical designation; a symbol; as, a balance is an emblem of justice; a scepter, the emblem of sovereignty or power; a circle, the emblem of eternity. "His cicatrice, an emblem of war, here on his sinister cheek." Shak.

3. A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the like, intended as a moral lesson or meditation.

Writers and artists of the 17th century gave much attention and study to the composition of such emblems, and many collections of them were published.

Syn. -- Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token. -- Sign, Emblem, Symbol, Type. Sign is the generic word comprehending all significant representations. An emblem is a visible object representing another by a natural suggestion of characteristic qualities, or an habitual and recognized association; as, a circle, having no apparent beginning or end, is an emblem of eternity; a particular flag is the emblem of the country or ship which has adopted it for a sign and with which it is habitually associated. Between emblem and symbol the distinction is slight, and often one may be substituted for the other without impropriety. See Symbol. Thus, a circle is either an emblem or a symbol of eternity; a scepter, either an emblem or a symbol of authority; a lamb, either an emblem or a symbol of meekness. "An emblem is always of something simple; a symbol may be of something complex, as of a transaction . . . In consequence we do not speak of actions emblematic." C. J. Smith. A type is a representative example, or model, exhibiting the qualities common to all individuals of the class to which it belongs; as, the Monitor is a type of a class of war vessels.

Em"blem (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embleming.] To represent by an emblem; to symbolize. [R.]

> Emblemed by the cozening fig tree.

Feltham.

{ Em`blem*at"ic (?), Em`blem*at"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. emblématique.] Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem; symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; as, emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is emblematic of royalty; white is emblematic of purity. -- Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

Em`blem*at"ic*cize (?), v. t. To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.] Walpole.

Em*blem"a*tist (?), n. A writer or inventor of emblems. Sir T. Browne.

Em*blem"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblematizing (?).] To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize.

> Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry or radiate figure.

Bp. Hurd.

Em"ble*ment (?), n. [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F. blé.] (Law) The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict.

Em"blem*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblemizing (?).] To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.]

Em*bloom" (?), v. t. To emblossom. Savage.

Em*blos"som (?), v. t. To cover or adorn with blossoms.

> On the white emblossomed spray.

J. Cunningham.

Em*bod"i*er (?), n. One who embodies.

Em*bod"i*ment (?), n. 1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.

2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical body; a completely organized system, like the body; as, the embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the embodiment of true piety.

Em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embodying.] To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to embody one's ideas in a treatise. [Written also imbody.]

> Devils embodied and disembodied.

Sir W. Scott.

> The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided from sin.

South.

Em*bod"y, v. i. To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce. [Written also imbody.]

> Firmly to embody against this court party.

Burke.

Em*bogue" (?), v. i. [See Disembogue.] To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or another river. [R.]

Em*bo"guing (?), n. The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged. [R.]

Em*boil" (?), v. i. To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*boil", v. t. To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe. [Obs.] Spenser.

||Em`boîte"ment` (?), n. [F., fr. emboîter to fit in, insert; en in + boîte box.] (Biol.) The hypothesis that all living things proceed from preëxisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things, inclosed one within another. Buffon.

Em*bold"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboldened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emboldening (?).] To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. Shak.

> The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this dangerous office.

Sir W. Scott.

Em*bold"en*er (?), n. One who emboldens.

Em*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to throw in. See Embolism.] 1. Embolismic.

2. (Med.) Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; as, an embolic abscess.

3. (Biol.) Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination.

Em"bo*lism (?), n. [L. embolismus, from Gr. &?; to throw or put in, insert; cf. &?; intercalated: cf. F. embolisme. See Emblem.] 1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity; as, the embolism of a lunar month in the Greek year.

2. Intercalated time. Johnson.

3. (Med.) The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. Embolism in the brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis.

Em`bo*lis"mal (?), a. Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months.

{ Em`bo*lis*mat"ic (?), Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al (?), } a. Embolismic.

{ Em`bo*lis"mic (?), Em`bo*lis"mic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. embolismique.] Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is intercalation.

Em"bo*lite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; something thrown in between.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of silver.

Em"bo*lus (?), n.; pl. Emboli (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pointed so as to be put or thrust in, fr. &?; to throw, thrust, or put in. See Emblem.] 1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or syringe.

2. (Med.) A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic organism.

Em"bo*ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; a putting into.] (Biol.) Embolic invagination. See under Invagination.

||Em`bon`point" (?), n. [F., fr. en bon point in good condition. See Bon, and Point.] Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat corpulent.

Em*bor"der (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf. OF. emborder.] To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder.

Em*bos"om (?), v. t. [Written also imbosom.] 1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster.

> Glad to embosom his affection.

Spenser.

2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst of something.

> His house embosomed in the grove.

Pope.

> Some tender flower . . . .
> Embosomed in the greenest glade.

Keble.

Em*boss" (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embossed (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Embossing.] [Pref. em- (L. in) + boss: cf. OF. embosser to swell in bunches.] 1. To raise the surface of into bosses or protuberances; particularly, to ornament with raised work.

> Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss.

Milton.

2. To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head on a coin, or the like.

> Then o'er the lofty gate his art embossed
> Androgeo's death.

Dryden.

> Exhibiting flowers in their natural color embossed upon a purple ground.

Sir W. Scott.

Em*boss", v. t. [Etymology uncertain.] To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal. [Obs.]

Em*boss", v. t. [Cf. Pr. & Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare, F. embusquer, and E. imbosk.] 1. To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose, shelter, or shroud in a wood. [Obs.]

> In the Arabian woods embossed.

Milton.

2. To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset.

> A knight her met in mighty arms embossed.

Spenser.

Em*boss", v. i. To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods. [Obs.] S. Butler.

Em*bossed" (?; 115), a. 1. Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures.

2. Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield.

3. Swollen; protuberant. [Obs.] "An embossed carbuncle." Shak.

Em*boss"er (?; 115), n. One who embosses.

Em*boss"ment (?), n. 1. The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state of being so formed.

2. A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut; protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces having a decorative effect. "The embossment of the figure." Addison.

Em*bot"tle (?), v. t. To bottle. [R.] Phillips.

||Em`bou`chure" (?), n. [F., fr. emboucher to put to the mouth; pref. em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. Embouge, Debouch.] 1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon.

2. (Mus.) (a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument. (b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute player has a good embouchure.

Em*bow" (?), v. t. To bend like a bow; to curve. "Embowed arches." [Obs. or R.] Sir W. Scott.

> With gilded horns embowed like the moon.

Spenser.

Em*bow"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboweled (?) or Embowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Emboweling or Embowelling.] 1. To disembowel.

> The barbarous practice of emboweling.

Hallam.

> The boar . . . makes his trough
> In your emboweled bosoms.

Shak.

Disembowel is the preferable word in this sense.

2. To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury.

> Or deep emboweled in the earth entire.

Spenser.

Em*bow"el*er (?), n. One who takes out the bowels. [Written also emboweller.]

Em*bow"el*ment (?), n. Disembowelment.

Em*bow"er (?), v. t. To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees. [Written also imbower.] [Poetic] Milton. -- v. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. [Poetic] "In their wide boughs embow'ring. " Spenser.

Em*bowl" (?), v. t. To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Em*box" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a box; to imbox.

Em*boysse"ment (?), n. [See Embushment.] An ambush. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Em*brace" (m*brs"), v. t. [Pref. em- (intens.) + brace, v. t.] To fasten on, as armor. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*brace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embraced (-brst"); p. pr. & vb. n. Embracing (-br"sng).] [OE. embracier, F. embrasser; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bras arm. See Brace, n.] 1. To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.

> I will embrace him with a soldier's arm,
> That he shall shrink under my courtesy.

Shak.

> Paul called unto him the disciples, and embraced them.

Acts xx. 1.

2. To cling to; to cherish; to love. Shak.

3. To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with cordiality; to welcome. "I embrace these conditions." "You embrace the occasion." Shak.

> What is there that he may not embrace for truth?

Locke.

4. To encircle; to encompass; to inclose.

> Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed,
> Between the mountain and the stream embraced.

Denham.

5. To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in; as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences.

> Not that my song, in such a scanty space,
> So large a subject fully can embrace.

Dryden.

<! p. 484 !>

6. To accept; to undergo; to submit to. "I embrace this fortune patiently." Shak.

7. (Law) To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or court. Blackstone.

Syn. -- To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include; comprise; comprehend; contain; involve; imply.

Em*brace" (?), v. i. To join in an embrace.

Em*brace", n. Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug.

> We stood tranced in long embraces,
> Mixed with kisses.

Tennyson.

Em*brace"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrassement.] 1. A clasp in the arms; embrace.

> Dear though chaste embracements.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. State of being contained; inclosure. [Obs.]

> In the embracement of the parts hardly reparable, as bones.

Bacon.

3. Willing acceptance. [Obs.]

> A ready embracement of . . . his kindness.

Barrow.

Em*brace"or (?), n. (Law) One guilty of embracery.

Em*bra"cer (?), n. One who embraces.

Em*bra"cer*y (?), n. (Law) An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or other improper inducements.

Em*bra"cive (?), a. Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing. [R.] Thackeray.

Em*braid" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + 1st braid.] 1. To braid up, as hair. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To upbraid. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Em*branch"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embranchement.] The branching forth, as of trees.

Em*bran"gle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brangle.] To confuse; to entangle.

> I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties.

Berkeley.

Em*bra"sure (?; 135), n. [See Embrace.] An embrace. [Obs.] "Our locked embrasures." Shak.

Em*bra"sure (277), n. [F., fr. embraser, perh. equiv. to ébraser to widen an opening; of unknown origin.] 1. (Arch.) A splay of a door or window.

> Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure,
> Sat the lovers.

Longfellow.

2. (Fort.) An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged; a crenelle. See Illust. of Casemate.

Em*brave" (?), v. t. 1. To inspire with bravery. [Obs.] Beaumont.

2. To decorate; to make showy and fine. [Obs.]

> And with sad cypress seemly it embraves.

Spenser.

Em*brawn" (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.]

> It will embrawn and iron-crust his flesh.

Nash.

Em*bread" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + bread = 1st braid.] To braid. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*breathe"ment (?), n. The act of breathing in; inspiration. [R.]

> The special and immediate suggestion, embreathement, and dictation of the Holy Ghost.

W. Lee.

Em*brew" (?), v. t. To imbrue; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*bright" (?), v. t. To brighten. [Obs.]

Em"bro*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embrocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embrocating.] [NL. embrocatus, p. p. of embrocare; cf. Gr. &?; lotion, fomentation, fr. &?; to foment; &?; in + &?; to wet.] (Med.) To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance, as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge.

Em`bro*ca"tion (?), n. [NL. embrocatio: cf. F. embrocation.] (Med.) (a) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit, oil, etc. (b) The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed.

Em*brogl"io (?), n. See Imbroglio.

Em*broid"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroidered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroidering.] [OE. embrouden. See Broider.] To ornament with needlework; as, to embroider a scarf.

> Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen.

Ex. xxviii. 39.

Em*broid"er*er (?), n. One who embroiders.

Em*broid"er*y (?), n.; pl. Embroideries (&?;). 1. Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.; also, the art of embroidering.

2. Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures and colors; variegated decoration.

> Fields in spring's embroidery are dressed.

Addison.

> A mere rhetorical embroidery of phrases.

J. A. Symonds.

Em*broil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroiling.] [F. embrouiller; pref. em- (L. in) + brouiller. See 1st Broil, and cf. Imbroglio.] 1. To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or discord; to entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make confused; to distract; to involve in difficulties by dissension or strife.

> The royal house embroiled in civil war.

Dryden.

2. To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble.

> The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so embroiled with &?;able and legend.

Addison.

Syn. -- To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder; trouble; implicate; commingle.

Em*broil", n. See Embroilment.

Em*broil"er (?), n. One who embroils.

Em*broil"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrouillement.] The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled; entanglement in a broil. Bp. Burnet.

Em*bronze" (?), v. t. 1. To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of, as of a person. [Poetic]

2. To color in imitation of bronze. See Bronze, v. t.

Em*broth"el (?), v. t. To inclose in a brothel. [Obs.] Donne.

{ Em*broud"e (?), Em*browd"e, Em*broyd"e (?) }, v. t. To embroider; to adorn. [Obs.]

> Embrowded was he, as it were a mead
> All full of fresshe flowers, white and red.

Chaucer.

Em*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brown.] To give a brown color to; to imbrown.

> Summer suns embrown the laboring swain.

Fenton.

Em*brue" (?), v. t. See Imbrue, Embrew. [Obs.]

Em*brute" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brute. Cf. Imbrute.] To brutify; to imbrute.

> All the man embruted in the swine.

Cawthorn.

Em"bry*o (?), n.; pl. Embryos (#). [F. embryon, Gr. 'e`mbryon, perh. fr. &?; in (akin to L. &?; E. in) + &?; to be full of, swell with; perh. akin to E. brew.] (Biol.) The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant; as: (a) The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically, before its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus (see Fetus). (b) The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination.

In embryo, in an incipient or undeveloped state; in conception, but not yet executed. "The company little suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo." Swift.

Em"bry*o, a. Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; as, an embryo bud.

Em`bry*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to the development of an embryo.

Em`bry*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + root of &?; to produce: cf. F. embryogénie.] (Biol.) The production and development of an embryo.

Em`bry*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + gonh` generation.] (Biol.) The formation of an embryo.

Em`bry*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + -graphy.] (Biol.) The general description of embryos.

{ Em`bry*o*log"ic (?), Em`bry*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to embryology.

Em`bry*ol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in embryology.

Em`bry*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + -logy: cf. F. embryologie.] (Biol.) The science which relates to the formation and development of the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual development of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage.

Em"bry*on (?), n. & a. [NL.] See Embryo.

Em"bry*o*nal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ; embryonic.

Em"bry*o*na*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic.

{ Em"bry*o*nate (?), Em"bry*o*na`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) In the state of, or having, an embryonal.

Em`bry*on"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary.

Embryonic sac or vesicle (Bot.), the vesicle within which the embryo is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called also amnios sac, and embryonal sac.

Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Embryo + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having an embryo.

Em`bry*on"i*form (?), a. [Embryo + -form.] (Biol.) Like an embryo in form.

Em`bry*o*plas"tic (?), n. [Embryo + plastic.] (Biol.) Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; as, embryoplastic cells.

Em"bry*o sac` (?). (Bot.) See under Embryonic.

Em`bry*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic.

Em`bry*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + te`mnein to cut: cf. F. embryotomie.] (Med.) The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to effect its removal.

Em"bry*o*troph` (?), n. [Gr. 'e`mbryon an embryo + trofh` nourishment.] (Biol.) The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished.

Em"bry*ous (?), a. Embryonic; undeveloped. [R.]

Em*bulk" (?), v. t. To enlarge in the way of bulk. [R.] Latham.

Em*burse" (?), v. t. [See Imburse.] To furnish with money; to imburse. [Obs.]

Em*bush" (?), v. t. [Cf. Ambush, Imbosk.] To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush. [Obs.] Shelton.

Em*bush"ment (?), n. [OE. embusshement, OF. embuschement, F. embûchement.] An ambush. [Obs.]

Em*bus"y (?), v. t. To employ. [Obs.] Skelton.

Eme (?), n. [See Eame.] An uncle. [Obs.] Spenser.

E*meer" (?), n. Same as Emir.

E*men"a*gogue (?), n. See Emmenagogue.

E*mend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emended; p. pr. & vb. n. Emending.] [L. emendare; e out + menda, mendum, fault, blemish: cf. F. émender. Cf. Amend, Mend.] To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by textual criticism, generally verbal.

Syn. -- To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See Amend.

E*mend"a*ble (?), a. [L. emendabilis. Cf. Amendable.] Corrigible; amendable. [R.] Bailey.

Em"en*date*ly (?), adv. Without fault; correctly. [Obs.]

Em`en*da"tion (?), n. [L. emendatio: cf. F. émendation.] 1. The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement. "He lies in his sin without repentance or emendation." Jer. Taylor.

2. Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to give a better reading; removal of errors or corruptions from a document; as, the book might be improved by judicious emendations.

Em"en*da`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emends or critically edits.

E*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. emendatorius.] Pertaining to emendation; corrective. "Emendatory criticism." Johnson.

E*mend"er (?), n. One who emends.

E*men"di*cate (?), v. t. [L. emendicatus, p. p. of emendicare to obtain by begging. See Mendicate.] To beg. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Em"er*ald (?), n. [OE. emeraude, OF. esmeraude, esmeralde, F. émeraude, L. smaragdus, fr. Gr. &?;; cf. &?;kr. marakata.] 1. (Min.) A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl. See Beryl.

2. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpare&?;l. It is used by English printers.

This line is printed in the type called emerald.

Em"er*ald, a. Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald. "Emerald meadows." Byron.

Emerald fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the Gulf of Mexico (Gobionellus oceanicus), remarkable for the brilliant green and blue color of the base of the tongue; -- whence the name; -- called also esmeralda. -- Emerald green, a very durable pigment, of a vivid light green color, made from the arseniate of copper; green bice; Scheele's green; -- also used adjectively; as, emerald green crystals. -- Emerald Isle, a name given to Ireland on account of the brightness of its verdure. -- Emerald spodumene, or Lithia emerald. (Min.) See Hiddenite. -- Emerald nickel. (Min.) See Zaratite.

Em"er*ald*ine (?; 104), n. A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline blue when acted upon by acid.

Em"er*aud (?), n. [See Emerald, n.] An emerald. [Obs.] Spenser.

E*merge" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emerging (?).] [L. emergere, emersum; e out + mergere to dip, plunge. See Merge.] To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue and appear; as, to emerge from the water or the ocean; the sun emerges from behind the moon in an eclipse; to emerge from poverty or obscurity. "Thetis . . . emerging from the deep." Dryden.

> Those who have emerged from very low, some from the lowest, classes of society.

Burke.

E*mer"gence (?), n.; pl. Emergences (&?;). The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or appearance.

> The white color of all refracted light, at its very first emergence . . . is compounded of various colors.

Sir I. Newton.

> When from the deep thy bright emergence sprung.

H. Brooke.

E*mer"gen*cy (?), n.; pl. Emergencies (#). [See Emergence.] 1. Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence; a sudden occasion.

> Most our rarities have been found out by casual emergency.

Glanvill.

2. An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity; exigency.

> To whom she might her doubts propose,
> On all emergencies that rose.

Swift.

> A safe counselor in most difficult emergencies.

Brougham.

Syn. -- Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity.

E*mer"gent (?), a. [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.] 1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or conceals; issuing; coming to light.

> The mountains huge appear emergent.

Milton.

2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; calling for prompt action; urgent.

> Protection granted in emergent danger.

Burke.

Emergent year (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the emergent year of Christendom is that of the birth of Christ; the emergent year of the United States is that of the declaration of their independence.

-- E*mer"gent*ly, adv. -- E*mer"gent*ness, n. [R.]

Em"er*il (?), n. 1. Emery. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. A glazier's diamond. Crabb.

Em"er*it*ed (?), a. [See Emeritus.] Considered as having done sufficient public service, and therefore honorably discharged. [Obs.] Evelyn.

||E*mer"i*tus (?), a. [L., having served out his time, p. p. of emerere, emereri, to obtain by service, serve out one's term; e out + merere, mereri, to merit, earn, serve.] Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church.

||E*mer"i*tus, n.; pl. Emeriti (#). [L.] A veteran who has honorably completed his service.

{ Em"er*ods (?), Em"er*oids (?), } n. pl. [OF. emmeroides. See Hemorrhoids.] Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils. [R.] Deut. xxviii. 27.

E*mersed" (?), a. [L. emersus, p. p. See Emerge.] (Bot.) Standing out of, or rising above, water. Gray.

E*mer"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. émersion. See Emerge.] 1. The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; as, emersion from the sea; emersion from obscurity or difficulties.

> Their immersion into water and their emersion out of the same.

Knatchbull.

2. (Astron.) The reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse or occultation; as, the emersion of the moon from the shadow of the earth; the emersion of a star from behind the moon.

Em"er*y (?), n. [F. émeri, earlier émeril, It. smeriglio, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, &?;, cf. &?; to wipe; perh. akin to E. smear. Cf. Emeril.] (Min.) Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum.

Emery board, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient. -- Emery cloth or paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing. -- Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer.

<! p. 485 !>

||Em"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Emetic.] (Med.) A vomiting.

E*met"ic (?), a. [L. emeticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to vomit, akin to L. vomere: cf. F. émétique. See Vomit.] (Med.) Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes vomiting.

E*met"ic*al (?), a. Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic. -- E*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Em"e*tine (?; 104), n. [See Emetic.] (Chem.) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle.

Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; vomiting + E. cathartic.] (Med.) Producing vomiting and purging at the same time.

{ E"meu, or E"mew (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) See Emu.

||É`meute" (?), n. [F.] A seditious tumult; an outbreak.

Em*forth" (?), prep. [AS. em-, emn-, in comp. equiv. to efen equal + forð forth.] According to; conformably to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Emforth my might, so far as lies in my power. [Obs.]

||Em*gal"la (?), n. (Zoöl.) [Native name.] The South African wart hog. See Wart hog.

Em"i*cant (?), a. [L. emicans, p. pr. of emicare. See Emication.] Beaming forth; flashing. [R.]

> Which emicant did this and that way dart.

Blackmore.

Em`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emicatio, fr. emicare to spring out or forth; e out + micare to move quickly to and fro, to sparkle.] A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting liquors; a sparkling; scintillation. Sir T. Browne.

E*mic"tion (?), n. [L. e out + mingere, mictum, to make water.] 1. The voiding of urine.

2. What is voided by the urinary passages; urine.

E*mic"to*ry (?), a. & n. (Med.) Diuretic.

Em"i*grant (?), a. [L. emigrans, -antis, p. pr. of emigrare to emigrate: cf. F. émigrant. See Emigrate, v. i.] 1. Removing from one country to another; emigrating; as, an emigrant company or nation.

2. Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; as, an emigrant ship or hospital.

Em"i*grant, n. One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle in another.

Syn. -- Emigrant, Immigrant. Emigrant and emigration have reference to the country from which the migration is made; the correlative words immigrant and immigration have reference to the country into which the migration is made, the former marking the going out from a country, the latter the coming into it.

Em"i*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emigrating.] [L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to remove, emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; to migrate from home.

> Forced to emigrate in a body to America.

Macaulay.

> They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths.

J. H. Newman.

Em"i*grate (?), a. Migratory; roving. [Obs.]

Em`i*gra"tion (?), n. [L. emigratio: cf. F. émigration.] 1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western.

2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German emigration.

Em`i*gra"tion*al (?), a. Relating to emigration.

Em`i*gra"tion*ist, n. An advocate or promoter of emigration.

Em"i*gra`tor (?), n. One who emigrates; am emigrant. [R.]

||É`mi`gré" (?), n. [F., emigrant.] One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.

Em"i*nence (?), n. [L. eminentia, fr. eminens eminent: cf. F. éminence.] 1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height.

> Without either eminences or cavities.

Dryden.

> The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence.

Burke.

2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton.

> You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet
> Affected eminence, wealth, sovereignty.

Shak.

3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.

Em"i*nen*cy (?), n.; pl. Eminences (&?;). State of being eminent; eminence. "Eminency of estate." Tillotson.

Em"i*nent (?), a. [L. eminens, -entis, p. pr. of eminere to stand out, be prominent; e out + minere (in comp.) to project; of uncertain origin: cf. F. éminent. Cf. Menace.] 1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. "A very eminent promontory." Evelyn

2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished; conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an eminent historian, statements, statesman, or saint.

Right of eminent domain. (Law) See under Domain.

Syn. -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known. See Distinguished.

Em"i*nent*ly, adv. In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; as, to be eminently learned.

{ E"mir (?), E*meer" (?) }, n. [Ar. emr, amr, commander: cf. F. émir. Cf. Admiral, Ameer.] An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or ruler of a province; also, an honorary title given to the descendants of Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima; among the Turks, likewise, a title of dignity, given to certain high officials.

{ E`mir*ship, E*meer"ship }, n. The rank or office of an Emir.

Em"is*sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Emissaries (#). [L. emissarius, fr. emittere, emissum, to send out: cf. F. émissaire. See Emit.] An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the interests of his employers; one sent out by any power that is at war with another, to create dissatisfaction among the people of the latter.

> Buzzing emissaries fill the ears
> Of listening crowds with jealousies and fears.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Emissary, Spy. A spy is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may be a secret agent appointed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their councils. A spy must be concealed, or he suffers death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the agent of an adversary without incurring similar hazard.

Em"is*sa*ry, a. 1. Exploring; spying. B. Jonson.

2. (Anat.) Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium through apertures in its walls.

Em"is*sa*ry*ship`, n. The office of an emissary.

E*mis"sion (?), n. [L. emissio: cf. F. émission. See Emit.] 1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission of light from the sun; the emission of heat from a fire; the emission of bank notes.

2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood.

Emission theory (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles. See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular.

Em`is*si"tious (?), a. [L. emissitius, fr. emittere.] Looking, or narrowly examining; prying. [Obs.] "Those emissitious eyes." Bp. Hall.

E*mis"sive (?), a. Sending out; emitting; as, emissive powers.

Em`is*siv"i*ty (?), n. Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate at which emission takes place, as of heat from the surface of a heated body.

E*mis"so*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Emissary, a., 2.

E*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emitting.] [L. emittere to send out; e out + mittere to send. See Mission.] 1. To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to give vent to; to eject; to discharge; as, fire emits heat and smoke; boiling water emits steam; the sun emits light.

> Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit
> His fatal arrows.

Prior.

2. To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send into circulation, as notes or bills of credit.

> No State shall . . . emit bills of credit.

Const. of the U. S.

E*mit"tent (?), a. [L. emittens, p. pr. emittere.] Sending forth; emissive. Boyle.

Em*man"tle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mantle: cf. F. emmanteler. Cf. Inmantle.] To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a protection. [Obs.] Holland.

Em*man"u*el (?), n. See Immanuel. Matt. i. 23.

Em*mar"ble (?), v. t. To turn to marble; to harden. [Obs.]

> Thou dost emmarble the proud heart.

Spenser.

Em*men"a*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?;, n. pl., menses (&?; in + &?; month) + &?; leading, fr. &?; to lead: cf. F. emménagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge.

Em"met (m"mt), n. [OE. emete, amete, AS. æmete. See Ant.] (Zoöl.) An ant.

Emmet hunter (Zoöl.), the wryneck.

||Em`me*tro"pi*a (-m*tr"p*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`mmetros in measure, proportioned, suitable ('en in + me`tron measure) + 'w`ps, 'wpo`s, eye.] (Med.) That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of light are all brought accurately and without undue effort to a focus upon the retina; -- opposed to hypermetropia, myopia, and astigmatism.

Em`me*trop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia.

> The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly for all distances.

J. Le Conte.

Em*met"ro*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Emmetropia.

Em*mew" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mew. Cf. Immew.] To mew or coop up. [Obs.] Shak.

Em*move" (?), v. t. [For emove: cf. F. émouvoir, L. emovere. See Emotion.] To move; to rouse; to excite. [Obs.]

Em"o*din (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C15H10O5, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (Rheum emodei).

Em`ol*les"cence (?), n. [L. e out + mollescere, incho. fr. mollere to be soft, mollis soft.] That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.

E*mol"li*ate (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emolliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emolliating.] [See Emollient, a.] To soften; to render effeminate.

> Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor.

Pinkerton.

E*mol"lient (?; 106), a. [L. emolliens, -entis, p. pr. of emollire to soften; e out + mollire to soften, mollis soft: cf. F. émollient. See Mollify.] Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. "Emollient applications." Arbuthnot.

E*mol"lient (?; 105), n. (Med.) An external something or soothing application to allay irritation, soreness, etc.

Em`ol*li"tion (?), n. The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation. Bacon.

E*mol"u*ment (?), n. [L. emolumentum, lit., a working out, fr. emoliri to move out, work out; e out + moliri to set in motion, exert one's self, fr. moles a huge, heavy mass: cf. F. émolument. See Mole a mound.] The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary.

> A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office.

Bancroft.

E*mol`u*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to an emolument; profitable. [R.] Evelyn.

{ E*mong" (?), E*mongst" (?) }, prep. Among. [Obs.]

E*mo"tion (?), n. [L. emovere, emotum, to remove, shake, stir up; e out + movere to move: cf. F. émotion. See Move, and cf. Emmove.] A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings, whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind caused by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some sensible effect on the body.

> How different the emotions between departure and return!

W. Irving.

> Some vague emotion of delight.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation; passion; excitement. -- Emotion, Feeling, Agitation. Feeling is the weaker term, and may be of the body or the mind. Emotion is of the mind alone, being the excited action of some inward susceptibility or feeling; as, an emotion of pity, terror, etc. Agitation may be bodily or mental, and usually arises in the latter case from a vehement struggle between contending desires or emotions. See Passion. "Agitations have but one character, viz., that of violence; emotions vary with the objects that awaken them. There are emotions either of tenderness or anger, either gentle or strong, either painful or pleasing." Crabb.

E*mo"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable; easily moved; sensational; as, an emotional nature.

E*mo"tion*al*ism (?), n. The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to regard things in an emotional manner.

E*mo"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To give an emotional character to.

> Brought up in a pious family where religion was not talked about emotionalized, but was accepted as the rule of thought and conduct.

Froude.

E*mo"tioned (?), a. Affected with emotion. [R.] "The emotioned soul." Sir W. Scott.

E*mo"tive (?), a. Attended by, or having the character of, emotion. H. Brooke. -- E*mo"tive*ly, adv.

E*mo"tive*ness, n. Susceptibility to emotion. G. Eliot.

E`mo*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Emotiveness. Hickok.

E*move" (?), v. t. To move. [Obs.] Thomson.

Em*pair" (?), v. t. To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*pais"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; to stamp in; &?; in + &?; to strike.] (Fine Arts) Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with reference to work of the ancient Greeks.

Em*pale" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + pale: cf. OF. empalir.] To make pale. [Obs.]

> No bloodless malady empales their face.

G. Fletcher.

Em*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empaling.] [OF. empaler to palisade, pierce, F. empaler to punish by empalement; pref. em- (L. in) + OF. & F. pal a pale, stake. See Pale a stake, and cf. Impale.] [Written also impale.] 1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line of stakes for defense; to impale.

> All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save themselves from surprise.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To inclose; to surround. See Impale.

3. To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body.

4. (Her.) Same as Impale.

Em*pale"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler. See Empale.] [Written also impalement.] 1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes.

2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body.

3. (Her.) Same as Impalement.

Em*pan"el (?), n. [Pref. em- (L. in) + panel.] (Law) A list of jurors; a panel. [Obs.] Cowell.

Em*pan"el, v. t. See Impanel.

Em*pan"o*plied (?), a. [Pref. em- + panoply.] Completely armed; panoplied. Tennyson.

Em*par"a*dise (?), v. t. Same as Imparadise.

Em*park" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + park: cf. OF. emparchier, emparkier. Cf. Impark.] To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark. [Obs.]

Em*par"lance (?), n. Parley; imparlance. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*pasm" (?), n. [F. empasme, fr. Gr. &?; to sprinkle in or on; &?; in + &?; to sprinkle.] A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of sweat.

Em*pas"sion (?), v. t. To move with passion; to affect strongly. See Impassion. [Obs.]

> Those sights empassion me full near.

Spenser.

Em*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. [Obs.]

> The Briton Prince was sore empassionate.

Spenser.

Em*pawn" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pawn. Cf. Impawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn.

> To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates.

Milman.

Em*peach" (?), v. t. To hinder. See Impeach. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*pearl" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pearl. Cf. Impearl.] To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to impearl.

<! p. 486 !>

Em*peo"ple (?), v. t. To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people. [Obs.]

> We now know 't is very well empeopled.

Sir T. Browne.

Em"per*ess (?), n. See Empress. [Obs.]

Em"per*ice (?), n. An empress. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Em*per"il (?), v. t. To put in peril. See Imperil. Spenser.

Em*per"ished (?), a. Perished; decayed. [Obs.]

> I deem thy brain emperished be.

Spenser.

Em"per*or (?), n. [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur, L. imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to prepare, order. See Parade, and cf. Imperative, Empress.] The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia.

Emperor goose (Zoöl.), a large and handsome goose (Philacte canagica), found in Alaska. -- Emperor moth (Zoöl.), one of several large and beautiful bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia moth (Platysamia cecropia), and the European species (Saturnia pavonia). -- Emperor paper. See under Paper. -- Purple emperor (Zoöl.), a large, strong British butterfly (Apatura iris).

Em"per*or*ship, n. The rank or office of an emperor.

Em"per*y (?), n. [L. imperium, influenced by OF. emperie, empire. See Empire.] Empire; sovereignty; dominion. [Archaic] Shak.

> Struggling for my woman's empery.

Mrs. Browning.

Em"pha*sis (m"f*ss), n.; pl. Emphases (- sz). [L., fr. Gr. 'e`mfasis significance, force of expression, fr. 'emfai`nein to show in, indicate; 'en in + fai`nein to show. See In, and Phase.] 1. (Rhet.) A particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given in reading and speaking to one or more words whose signification the speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience.

> The province of emphasis is so much more important than accent, that the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of emphasis require it.

E. Porter.

2. A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought; vivid representation, enforcing assent; as, to dwell on a subject with great emphasis.

> External objects stand before us . . . in all the life and emphasis of extension, figure, and color.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Em"pha*size (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emphasized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emphasizing (?).] To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to make emphatic; as, to emphasize a word or a phrase.

{ Em*phat"ic (?), Em*phat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. emphatique. See Emphasis.] 1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive; strong; as, to remonstrate in an emphatic manner; an emphatic word; an emphatic tone; emphatic reasoning.

2. Striking the sense; attracting special attention; impressive; forcible. "Emphatical colors." Boyle. "Emphatical evils." Bp. Reynolds.

Syn. -- Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking; positive; important; special; significant.

Em*phat"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree; preëminently.

> He was indeed emphatically a popular writer.

Macaulay.

2. Not really, but apparently. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Em*phat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being emphatic; emphasis.

Em*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; obstructing, fr. &?; to block up.] (Med.) Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin.

Em*phren"sy (?), v. t. To madden. [Obs.]

||Em`phy*se"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; inflation, fr. &?; to inflate; &?; in + &?; to blow: cf. F. emphysème.] (Med.) A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue.

Emphysema of the lungs, Pulmonary emphysema (Med.), a common disease of the lungs in which the air cells are distended and their partition walls ruptured by an abnormal pressure of the air contained in them.

Em`phy*sem"a*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. emphysémateux.] (Med.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled; bloated.

||Em`phy*teu"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., an implanting, fr. &?; to plant or improve land; &?; in + &?; to plant.] (Rom. Law) A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying taxes, and sometimes a small rent. Heumann.

Em`phy*teu"tic (?), a. [L. emphyteuticus.] Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; as, emphyteutic lands.

Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry (?), n. [L. emphyteuticarius, a.] One who holds lands by emphyteusis.

Em*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pierce. Cf. Impierce.] To pierce; to impierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*pight" (?), a. [Pref. em- + pight pitched, fixed.] Fixed; settled; fastened. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em"pire (?), n. [F., fr. L. imperium a command, sovereignty, dominion, empire, fr. imperare. See Emperor; cf. Imperial.] 1. Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion. "The empire of the sea." Shak.

> Over hell extend
> His empire, and with iron scepter rule.

Milton.

2. The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely of a king), usually of greater extent than a kingdom, always comprising a variety in the nationality of, or the forms of administration in, constituent and subordinate portions; as, the Austrian empire.

> Empire carries with it the idea of a vast and complicated government.

C. J. Smith.

3. Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; as, the empire of mind or of reason. "Under the empire of facts." M. Arnold.

> Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with chivalry the empire over the minds of men.

A. W. Ward.

Celestial empire. See under Celestial. -- Empire City, a common designation of the city of New York. -- Empire State, a common designation of the State of New York.

Syn. -- Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty; government; kingdom; realm; state.

Em*pir"ic (?; 277), n. [L. empiricus an empiric, Gr. &?; experienced, equiv. to &?;; &?; in + &?; a trial, experiment; akin to &?; ford, way, and E. fare: cf. F. empirique. See In, and Fare.] 1. One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon practical experience.

2. One who confines himself to applying the results of mere experience or his own observation; especially, in medicine, one who deviates from the rules of science and regular practice; an ignorant and unlicensed pretender; a quack; a charlatan.

> Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their practice on experience called themselves empirics.

Krauth-Fleming.

> Swallow down opinions as silly people do empirics' pills.

Locke.

{ Em*pir"ic (?), Em*pir"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments.

> In philosophical language, the term empirical means simply what belongs to or is the product of experience or observation.

Sir W. Hamilton.

> The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.

H. Spencer.

2. Depending upon experience or observation alone, without due regard to science and theory; -- said especially of medical practice, remedies, etc.; wanting in science and deep insight; as, empiric skill, remedies.

Empirical formula. (Chem.) See under Formula.

Syn. -- See Transcendental.

Em*pir"ic*al*ly, adv. By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner of quacks.

Em*pir"i*cism (?), n. 1. The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.

2. Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.

3. (Metaph.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.

Em*pir"i*cist (?), n. An empiric.

Em`pi*ris"tic (?), a. (Physics) Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment; following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to nativistic.

Em*plas"ter (?), n. [OF. emplastre, F. emplâtre, L. emplastrum a plaster or salve, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to plaster up, daub over; &?; in + &?; to form, mold, apply as a plaster.] See Plaster. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Em*plas"ter, v. t. [Cf. OF. emplastrer, F. emplâtrer. See Emplaster, n.] To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good appearance. [Obs.] "Fair as ye his name emplaster." Chaucer.

Em*plas"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. emplastique, fr. Gr. &?; clogging. See Emplaster.] Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; as, emplastic applications.

Em*plas"tic, n. A medicine causing constipation.

Em`plas*tra"tion (?), n. [L. emplastratio a budding.] 1. The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding. [Obs.] Holland.

2. [See 1st Emplaster.] (Med.) The application of a plaster or salve.

Em*plead" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + plead: cf. F. emplaidier. Cf. Implead.] To accuse; to indict. See Implead.

Em*plec"tion (?), n. See Emplecton.

Em*plec"ton (?), n. [F. or L. emplecton, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; interwoven, fr. &?; to plait or weave in; &?; in + &?; to twist, weave.] A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and mortar. Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders. [R.] Weale.

Em*plore" (?), v. t. See Implore. [Obs.]

Em*ploy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Employed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Employing.] [F. employer, fr. L. implicare to fold into, infold, involve, implicate, engage; in + plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicate.] 1. To inclose; to infold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in doing something; -- often followed by in, about, on, or upon, and sometimes by to; as: (a) To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material, etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; as, to employ the pen in writing, bricks in building, words and phrases in speaking; to employ the mind; to employ one's energies.

> This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought to be employed on serious subjects.

Addison.

(b) To occupy; as, to employ time in study. (c) To have or keep at work; to give employment or occupation to; to intrust with some duty or behest; as, to employ a hundred workmen; to employ an envoy.

> Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were employed about this matter.

Ezra x. 15.

> Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer
> To turn the glebe.

Dryden.

To employ one's self, to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self.

Syn. -- To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage. See Use.

Em*ploy", n. [Cf. F. emploi.] That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular service or business; employment.

> The whole employ of body and of mind.

Pope.

In one's employ, in one's service.

Em*ploy"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. employable.] Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use. Boyle.

||Em`ploy`é" (?), n. [F., p. p. of employer.] One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of an employer.

Em`ploy*ee" (?), n. [The Eng. form of employé.] One employed by another.

Em*ploy"er (?), n. One who employs another; as, an employer of workmen.

Em*ploy"ment (?), n. 1. The act of employing or using; also, the state of being employed.

2. That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time or attention; office or post of business; service; as, agricultural employments; mechanical employments; public employments; in the employment of government.

> Cares are employments, and without employ
> The soul is on a rack.

Young.

Syn. -- Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office; service; commission; trade; profession.

Em*plumed" (?), a. Plumed. [R.]

Em*plunge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Implunge.] To plunge; to implunge. [Obs.] Spenser.

Em*poi"son (?), v. t. [F. empoisonner; pref. em- + F. poison. See Poison, and cf. Impoison.] To poison; to impoison. Shak.

Em*poi"son, n. Poison. [Obs.] Remedy of Love.

Em*poi"son*er (?), n. Poisoner. [Obs.] Bacon.

Em*poi"son*ment (?), n. [F. empoisonnement.] The act of poisoning. Bacon.

{ Em`po*ret"ic (?), Em`po*ret"ic*al (?), } a. [L. emporeticus, Gr. &?;. See Emporium.] Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise. [Obs.] Johnson.

Em*po"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Emporiums (#), L. Emporia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; belonging to commerce, fr. &?; traveler, trader; &?; in + &?; way through and over, path. See In, and Empiric, Fare.] 1. A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country.

> That wonderful emporium [Manchester] . . . was then a mean and ill-built market town.

Macaulay.

> It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our emporiums, our theathers.

Knox.

2. (Physiol.) The brain. [Obs.]

Em*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. See Impoverish.

Em*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empowering.] 1. To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission; to authorize (having commonly a legal force); as, the Supreme Court is empowered to try and decide cases, civil or criminal; the attorney is empowered to sign an acquittance, and discharge the debtor.

2. To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities to. "These eyes . . . empowered to gaze." Keble.

Em"press (?), n. [OE. empress, emperice, OF. empereis, empereris, fr. L. imperatrix, fem. of imperator. See Emperor.] 1. The consort of an emperor. Shak.

2. A female sovereign.

3. A sovereign mistress. "Empress of my soul." Shak.

Empress cloth, a cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly of wool, or with cotton warp and wool weft. It resembles merino, but is not twilled.

Em*print" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprint.

Em*prise" (?), n. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. Enterprise, Impresa.] [Archaic] 1. An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. Chaucer.

> In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise.

Spenser.

> The deeds of love and high emprise.

Longfellow.

2. The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and dangerous exploits.

> I love thy courage yet and bolt emprise;
> But here thy sword can do thee little stead.

Milton.

Em*prise", v. t. To undertake. [Obs.] Sackville.

Em*pris"ing (?), a. [From Emprise, v. t.] Full of daring; adventurous. [Archaic] T. Campbell.

Em*pris"on (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprison.

||Em`pros*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward + &?; to draw.] (Med.) A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the spasmodic action of some of the muscles. Gross.

Emp"te (?), v. t. To empty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Emp"ti*er (?; 215), n. One who, or that which, empties.

Emp"ti*er, compar. of Empty.

Emp"ti*ness, n. [From Empty.] 1. The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum; as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the stomach.

2. Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the emptiness of earthly glory.

3. Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind.

> Eternal smiles his emptiness betray.

Pope.

> The sins of emptiness, gossip, and spite.

Tennyson.

Emp"tion (?), n. [L. emptio, fr. emere to buy.] The act of buying. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Emp"tion*al (?), a. Capable of being purchased.

Emp"ty (?; 215), a. [Compar. Emptier (?); superl. Emptiest.] [AS. emtig, æmtig, æmetig, fr. æmta, æmetta, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain origin; cf. G. emsig busy.] 1. Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate contents; not filled; -- said of an inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; as, an empty chest, room, purse, or pitcher; an empty stomach; empty shackles.

<! p. 487 !>

2. Free; clear; devoid; -- often with of. "That fair female troop . . . empty of all good." Milton.

> I shall find you empty of that fault.

Shak.

3. Having nothing to carry; unburdened. "An empty messenger." Shak.

> When ye go ye shall not go empty.

Ex. iii. 21.

4. Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of language; as, empty words, or threats.

> Words are but empty thanks.

Cibber.

5. Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said of pleasure, the world, etc.

> Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise.

Pope.

6. Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree; as, an empty vine.

> Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind.

Gen. xli. 27.

7. Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy; as, empty brains; an empty coxcomb.

> That in civility thou seem'st so empty.

Shak.

8. Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial; as, empty dreams.

Empty is used as the first element in a compound; as, empty-handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute; empty-headed, having few ideas; empty-hearted, destitute of feeling.

Syn. -- See Vacant.

Emp"ty (?), n.; pl. Empties (&?;). An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in transportation of freight; as, "special rates for empties."

Emp"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emptied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emptying.] To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; as, to empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern.

> The clouds . . . empty themselves upon the earth.

Eccl. xi. 3.

Emp"ty, v. i. 1. To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean.

2. To become empty. "The chapel empties." B. Jonson.

Emp"ty*ing, n. 1. The act of making empty. Shak.

2. pl. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.]

Em*pugn" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Impugn.

Em*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empurpling (?).] [Pref. em- + purple. Cf. Impurple.] To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to impurple. "The deep empurpled ran." Philips.

Em*puse" (?), n. [LL. empusa, Gr. &?;.] A phantom or specter. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Em*puz"zle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + puzzle.] To puzzle. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.

||Em`py*e"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to suppurate; &?; in + &?; pus.] (Med.) A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of the body, especially that of the pleura. Dunglison.

The term empyema is now restricted to a collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura.

||Em`py*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; suppuration.] (Med.) An eruption of pustules.

Em*pyr"e*al (?), a. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. &?;, &?;, in fire, fiery; &?; in + &?; fire. See In, and Fire.] Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aërial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven.

> Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere.

Pope.

Empyreal air, oxygen gas.

Em*pyr"e*al, n. Empyrean. Mrs. Browning.

Em`py*re"an (?; 277), n. [See Empyreal.] The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist.

> The empyrean rung
> With hallelujahs.

Milton.

Em`py*re"an, a. Empyreal. Akenside.

||Em`py*reu"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a live coal covered with ashes, fr. &?; to set on fire, fr. &?;: cf. F. empyreume. See Empyreal.] (Chem.) The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in close vessels.

{ Em`py*reu*mat"ic (?), Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. empyreumatique.] Of or pertaining to empyreuma; as, an empyreumatic odor.

Empyreumatic oils, oils obtained by distilling various organic substances at high temperatures. Brande & C.

Em`py*reu"ma*tize (?), v. t. To render empyreumatic. [R.]

Em*pyr"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; in fire. See Empyreal.] Containing the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan.

||Em"py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; to burn.] A general fire; a conflagration. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Em"rods (?), n. pl. See Emerods. [Obs.]

E"mu (?), n. [Cf. Pg. ema ostrich, F. émou, émeu, emu.] (Zoöl.) A large Australian bird, of two species (Dromaius Novæ-Hollandiæ and D. irroratus), related to the cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly. [Written also emeu and emew.]

The name is sometimes erroneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich.

Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary.

Em"u*la*ble (?), a. [L. aemulari to emulate + -able.] Capable of being emulated. [R.]

> Some imitable and emulable good.

Abp. Leighton.

Em"u*late (?), a. [L. aemulatus, p. p. of aemulari, fr. aemulus emulous; prob. akin to E. imitate.] Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] "A most emulate pride." Shak.

Em"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emulating (?).] To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; as, to emulate the good and the great.

> Thine eye would emulate the diamond.

Shak.

Em`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. aemulatio: cf. F. émulation.] 1. The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or actions; an assiduous striving to equal or excel another; rivalry.

> A noble emulation heats your breast.

Dryden.

2. Jealous rivalry; envy; envious contention.

> Such factious emulations shall arise.

Shak.

Syn. -- Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife. -- Emulation, Competition, Rivalry. Competition is the struggle of two or more persons for the same object. Emulation is an ardent desire for superiority, arising from competition, but now implying, of necessity, any improper feeling. Rivalry is a personal contest, and, almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to envy. "Competition and emulation have honor for their basis; rivalry is but a desire for selfish gratification. Competition and emulation animate to effort; rivalry usually produces hatred. Competition and emulation seek to merit success; rivalry is contented with obtaining it." Crabb.

Em"u*la*tive (?), a. Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; as, an emulative person or effort. "Emulative zeal." Hoole.

Em"u*la*tive*ly, adv. In an emulative manner; with emulation.

Em"u*la`tor (?), n. [L. aemulator.] One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass.

> As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the emulator of both.

Bp. Warburton.

Em"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry. [R.] "Emulatory officiousness." Bp. Hall.

Em"u*la`tress (?), n. A female emulator. [R.]

Em"ule (?), v. t. [F. émuler. See Emulate.] To emulate. [Obs.] "Emuled of many." Spenser.

E*mulge" (?), v. t. [L. emulgere, emulsum; e out + mulgere to milk; akin to E. milk. See Milk.] To milk out; to drain. [Obs.] Bailey.

E*mul"gent (?), a. [L. emulgens, p. pr. of emulgere to milk out: cf. F. émulgent. So called because regarded by the ancients as straining out the serum, as if by milking, and so producing the urine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; as, emulgent arteries and veins. -- n. An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein.

E*mul"gent, n. (Med.) A medicine that excites the flow of bile. [Obs.] Hoblyn.

Em"u*lous (?), a. [L. aemulus. See Emulate.] 1. Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another; eager to emulate or vie with another; desirous of like excellence with another; -- with of; as, emulous of another's example or virtues.

2. Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious. "Emulous Carthage." B. Jonson.

> Emulous missions 'mongst the gods.

Shak.

Em"u*lous*ly, adv. In an emulous manner.

Em"u*lous*ness, n. The quality of being emulous.

E*mul"sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; as, emulsic acid. Hoblyn.

E*mul"si*fy (?), v. t. [Emulsion + -fy.] To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat globules are in a very finely divided state, giving it the semblance of solution; as, the pancreatic juice emulsifies the oily part of food.

E*mul"sin (?), n. [See Emulsion, Emulge.] (Chem.) (a) The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds. [R.] (b) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain glucosides.

E*mul"sion (?), n. [From L. emulgere, emulsum: cf. F. émulsion. See Emulge.] Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling milk; as: (a) In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil and water united by a mucilaginous substance. (b) In photography, a liquid preparation of collodion holding salt of silver, used in the photographic process.

E*mul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. émulsif.] 1. Softening; milklike.

2. Yielding oil by expression; as, emulsive seeds.

3. Producing or yielding a milklike substance; as, emulsive acids.

E*munc"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Emunctories (#). [L. emunctorium a pair of snuffers, fr. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose, hence, to wipe, cleanse; e out + mungere to blow the nose: cf. F. émonctoire, formerly spelled also émonctoire.] (Physiol.) Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,) which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter.

Em`us*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emuscare to clear from moss; e out + muscus moss.] A freeing from moss. [Obs.]

E"mu wren` (?). (Zoöl.) A small wrenlike Australian bird (Stipiturus malachurus), having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu feathers.

E"myd (?), n.; pl. E. Emyds (#), E. Emyd&?;&?; (#). [See Emydea.] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water tortoise of the family Emydidæ.

||E*myd"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Emys a genus of tortoises, L. emys a kind of fresh- water tortoise, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A group of chelonians which comprises many species of fresh-water tortoises and terrapins.

En- (?). 1. [F. en-, L. in.] A prefix signifying in or into, used in many English words, chiefly those borrowed from the French. Some English words are written indifferently with en-or in-. For ease of pronunciation it is commonly changed to em-before p, b, and m, as in employ, embody, emmew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in enable, enfeeble, to cause to be, or to make, able, or feeble; and sometimes merely gives an intensive force, as in enchasten. See In-.

2. A prefix from Gr. &?; in, meaning in; as, encephalon, entomology. See In- .

-en. 1. A suffix from AS. - an, formerly used to form the plural of many nouns, as in ashen, eyen, oxen, all obs. except oxen. In some cases, such as children and brethren, it has been added to older plural forms.

2. A suffix corresponding to AS. -en and -on, formerly used to form the plural of verbs, as in housen, escapen.

3. A suffix signifying to make, to cause, used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken, frighten. This must not be confused with -en corresponding in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -an.

4. [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr. &?;.] An adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden, wooden.

5. [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.] The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs; as, in broken, gotten, trodden.

En (?), n. (Print.) Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring printed matter. See Em.

En*a"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling (?).] 1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong. [Obs.] "Who hath enabled me." 1 Tim. i. 12.

> Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he enabled them with priestly power.

Jer. Taylor.

2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to empower; to endow.

> Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables her to exert herself in all her force and vigor.

Addison.

En*a"ble*ment (?), n. The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability. Bacon.

En*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enacting.] 1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law.

2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.]

> The king enacts more wonders than a man.

Shak.

3. To act the part of; to represent; to play.

> I did enact Julius Caesar.

Shak.

Enacting clause, that clause of a bill which formally expresses the legislative sanction.

En*act", n. Purpose; determination. [Obs.]

En*act"ive (?), a. Having power to enact or establish as a law. Abp. Bramhall.

En*act"ment (?), n. 1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established as a law.

2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a prohibitory enactment; a social enactment.

En*act"or (?), n. One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law. Atterbury.

En*ac"ture (?; 135), n. Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] Shak.

En*al"i*o*saur` (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Enaliosauria.

||En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; marine (&?; in + &?; the sea) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders.

En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the Enaliosauria. -- n. One of the Enaliosauria.

||E*nal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an exchange, fr. &?; to exchange; &?; in + &?; to change.] (Gram.) A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same word, for another.

En*am"bush (?), v. t. To ambush. [Obs.]

En*am"el (?), n. [Pref. en- + amel. See Amel, Smelt, v. t.] 1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors.

2. (Min.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.

3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated.

4. (Anat.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement.

Enamel painting, painting with enamel colors upon a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being afterwards fixed by fire. -- Enamel paper, paper glazed a metallic coating.

En*am"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enameled (?) or Enamelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enameling or Enamelling.] 1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted.

<! p. 488 !>

2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel.

> Oft he [the serpent]bowed
> His turret crest and sleek enameled neck.

Milton.

3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth.

4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.

En*am"el (?), v. i. To practice the art of enameling.

En*am"el, a. Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting. Tomlinson.

En*am"el*ar (?), a. Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.] Craig.

En*am"eled (?), a. Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated surface; glazed. [Written also enamelled.]

{ En*am"el*er (?), En*am"el*ist, } n. One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work. [Written also enameller, enamellist.]

En*am"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enamored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enamoring.] [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. amour love, L. amor. See Amour, and cf. Inamorato.] To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a lady; to be enamored of books or science. [Written also enamour.]

> Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream.

W. Irving.

En*am"or*ment (?), n. The state of being enamored. [R.]

E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. 'enanti`os opposite + morfh` form.] (Crystallog.) Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals.

E*nan`ti*o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Serving to palliate; palliative. Dunglison.

E*nan`ti*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; of contrary properties or affections; 'enanti`os opposite + &?; suffering, affection, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] 1. An opposite passion or affection. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Med.) Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of Hahnemann, or homeopathists.

||E*nan`ti*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; contradiction, fr. 'enanti`os opposite.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which what is to be understood affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary; affirmation by contraries.

En*arch" (?), v. t. To arch. [Obs.] Lydgate.

En*arched" (?), a. (Her.) Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary.

En*ar"gite (?), n. (Min.) An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur, arsenic, copper, and often silver.

En*armed" (?), a. (Her.) Same as Armed, 3.

En`ar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. enarratio. See Narration.] A detailed exposition; relation. [Obs.] Hakewill.

||En`ar*thro"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in + &?;. See Arthrodia.] (Anat.) See Enarthrosis. -- En`ar*thro"di*al, a.

||En`ar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; jointed; &?; in + &?; joint.] (Anat.) A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation represented by such a joint. See Articulation.

E*nas"cent (?), a. [L. enascens, p. pr. of enasci to spring up; e out + nasci to be born.] Coming into being; nascent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton.

E`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. enatare to swim out. See Natation.] A swimming out. [Obs.] Bailey.

E*nate" (?), a. [L. enatus, p. p. of enasci. See Enascent.] Growing out.

E*na"tion (?), n. (Bot.) Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an outgrowth.

E*naun"ter (?), adv. [Pref. en- + aunter.] Lest that. [Obs.] Spenser.

E*nav"i*gate (?), v. t. [L. enavigatus, p. p. of enavigare.] To sail away or over. [Obs.] Cockeram.

En*bat"tled (?), a. Embattled. [Obs.]

En*bibe" (?), v. t. To imbibe. [Obs.] Skelton.

En*broud"e (?), v. t. See Embroude.

En*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging.] [Pref. en- + cage: cf. F. encager.] To confine in a cage; to coop up. Shak.

En*cal"en*dar (?), v. t. To register in a calendar; to calendar. Drayton.

En*camp" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encamped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Encamping.] To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch tents, or form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer time, as an army or a company traveling.

> The host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

1 Chron. xi. 15.

En*camp", v. t. To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or quarters.

> Bid him encamp his soldiers.

Shak.

En*camp"ment (?), n. 1. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.

2. The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp; tents pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings.

> A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans.

Gibbon.

> A green encampment yonder meets the eye.

Guardian.

En*can"ker (?), v. t. To canker. [Obs.]

En*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.

En*car"nal*ize (?), v. t. To carnalize; to make gross. [R.] "Encarnalize their spirits." Tennyson.

||En*car"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; containing fruit; &?; in + &?; fruit; cf. L. encarpa, pl., Gr. &?;.] (Arch.) An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of fruit, flowers, leaves, etc. [Written also encarpa.]

En*case" (?), v. t. [Cf. Enchase.] To inclose as in a case. See Incase. Beau. & Fl.

En*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.] 1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases.

2. (Biol.) An old theory of generation similar to emboîtement. See Ovulist.

En*cash" (?), v. t. (Eng. Banking) To turn into cash; to cash. Sat. Rev.

En*cash"ment (?), n. (Eng. Banking) The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc.

En*cau"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; mark caused by burning, fr. &?;. See Encaustic.] (Med.) An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss of the humors. Dunglison.

En*caus"tic (?), a. [L. encausticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn in; &?; in + &?; to burn: cf. F. encaustique. See Caustic, and cf. Ink.] (Fine Arts) Prepared by means of heat; burned in.

Encaustic painting (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors. -- Encaustic tile (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color.

En*caus"tic, n. [L. encaustica, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. encaustique. See Encaustic, a.] The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where heat is used to fix the colors.

En*cave" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + cave: cf. F. encaver. Cf. Incavated.] To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess. "Do but encave yourself." Shak.

-ence (?). [F. -ence, L. -entia.] A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; also, that which relates to the action or state; as in emergence, diffidence, diligence, influence, difference, excellence. See - ance.

||En`ceinte" (?), n. [F., fr. enceindre to gird about, surround, L. incingere; in (intens). + cingere to gird. See Cincture.] 1. (Fort.) The line of works which forms the main inclosure of a fortress or place; -- called also body of the place.

2. The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification.

> The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their enceinte.

S. W. Williams.

||En`ceinte", a. [F., fr. L. in not + cinctus, p. p. of cingere to gird about.] Pregnant; with child.

||En*ce"ni*a (?), n. pl. [LL. encaenia, fr. Gr. &?; a feast of dedication; &?; in + &?; new.] A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford and Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or benefactors.

En*cense" (?), v. t. & i. [F. encenser, fr. encens. See Incense, n.] To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [See Encephalon.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the encephalon or brain.

En*ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'egke`falos the brain + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the brain. -- En`ceph*a*lit"ic (#), a.

En*ceph"a*lo*cele (?), n. [Gr. 'egke`falos the brain + kh`lh tumor.] (Med.) Hernia of the brain.

En*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. 'egke`falos + -oid.] Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform.

Encephaloid cancer (Med.), a very malignant form of cancer of brainlike consistency. See under Cancer.

En*ceph"a*loid, n. An encephaloid cancer.

En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'egke`falos the brain + -logy.] The science which treats of the brain, its structure and functions.

En*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Encephalos.] (Anat.) The contents of the cranium; the brain.

En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. 'egke`falos the brain + pa`schein, paqei^n, to suffer.] (Med.) Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of the brain; as, lead encephalopathy, the cerebral symptoms attending chronic lead poisoning.

En*ceph"a*los (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'egke`falos; 'en in + kefalh` head.] (Anat.) The encephalon.

> In man the encephalos reaches its full size about seven years of age.

Sir W. Hamilton.

En*ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. 'egke`falos the brain + &?; a cutting.] (Surg.) The act or art of dissecting the brain.

En*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to acephalous.

En*chafe" (?), v. t. To chafe; to enrage; to heat. [Obs.] Shak.

En*chaf"ing, n. Heating; burning. [Obs.]

> The wicked enchaufing or ardure of this sin [lust].

Chaucer.

En*chain" (?), v. t. [F. enchaîner; pref. en- (L. in) chaîne chain. See Chain, and cf. Incatenation.] 1. To bind with a chain; to hold in chains.

2. To hold fast; to confine; as, to enchain attention.

3. To link together; to connect. Howell.

En*chain"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. enchaînement.] The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained.

En*chair" (?), v. t. To seat in a chair. Tennyson.

En*chan"nel (?), v. t. To make run in a channel. "Its waters were enchanneled." Sir D. Brewster.

En*chant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enchanting.] [F. enchanter, L. incantare to chant or utter a magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; in in, against + cantare to sing. See Chant, and cf. Incantation.] 1. To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get control of by magical words and rites.

> And now about the caldron sing,
> Like elves and fairies in a ring,
> Enchanting all that you put in.

Shak.

> He is enchanted, cannot speak.

Tennyson.

2. To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; as, music enchants the ear.

> Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits forever should be enchanted.

Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. -- To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. Charm.

En*chant"ed (?), a. Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.

En*chant"er (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteur.] One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who delights as by an enchantment.

> Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing.

Shelley.

Enchanter's nightshade (Bot.), a genus (Circæa) of low inconspicuous, perennial plants, found in damp, shady places.

En*chant"ing, a. Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating. -- En*chant"ing*ly, adv.

En*chant"ment (?), n. [F. enchantement.] 1. The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful effects by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation.

> After the last enchantment you did here.

Shak.

2. The effect produced by the act; the state of being enchanted; as, to break an enchantment.

3. That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence or power which fascinates or highly delights.

> Such an enchantment as there is in words.

South.

Syn. -- Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft; spell; charm; fascination; witchery.

En*chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.] A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates. Shak.

En*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encharging (?).] [OF. enchargier, F. encharger; pref. en- (L. in) + F. charger. See Charge.] To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon.

> His countenance would express the spirit and the passion of the part he was encharged with.

Jeffrey.

En*charge", n. A charge. [Obs.] A. Copley.

En*chase" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enchasing.] [F. enchâsser; pref. en- (L. in) + châsse box containing relics, frame, case, the same word as caisse case. See 1st Case, and cf. Chase, Encase, Incase.] 1. To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with an ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to inclose; to adorn.

> Enchased with a wanton ivy twine.

Spenser.

> An precious stones, in studs of gold enchased,
> The shaggy velvet of his buskins graced.

Mickle.

2. To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; as, to enchase a watch case.

> With golden letters . . . well enchased.

Spenser.

3. To delineate or describe, as by writing. [Obs.]

> All which . . . for to enchase,
> Him needeth sure a golden pen, I ween.

Spenser.

En*chas"er (?), n. One who enchases.

En*chas"ten (?), v. t. To chasten. [Obs.]

{ En*che"son, En*chea"son (?) }, n. [OF. enchaison, fr. L. incidere to happen; in + cadere to fall.] Occasion, cause, or reason. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*chest" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inchest.] To inclose in a chest. Vicars.

||En`chi*rid"i*on (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; hand.] Handbook; a manual of devotions. Evelyn.

En*chis"el (?), v. t. To cut with a chisel.

||En"cho*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a spear + 'odoy`s, 'odo`ntos, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike (Esox).

||En`chon*dro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in + &?; cartilage + -oma.] (Med.) A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone. Quain.

{ En*cho"ri*al (?), En*chor"ic (?), } a. [Gr. &?; domestic, native; &?; in + &?; place, country.] Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic; popular; common; -- said especially of the written characters employed by the common people of ancient Egypt, in distinction from the hieroglyphics. See Demotic.

||En`chy*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to pour in + &?; anything received.] (Biol.) The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or granular substance, more or less fluid during life, in which the other parts of the nucleus are imbedded.

||En"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`gchyma an infusion; 'en in + chei^n to pour.] (Biol.) The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues, particularly the cellular tissue, are formed.

En*cinc"ture (?), n. A cincture. [Poetic]

> The vast encincture of that gloomy sea.

Wordsworth.

En*cin"dered (?), a. Burnt to cinders. [R.]

En*cir"cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encircled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encircling (?).] [Pref. en- + circle: cf. OF. encercler.] To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring; to surround; as, to encircle one in the arms; the army encircled the city.

> Her brows encircled with his serpent rod.

Parnell.

Syn. -- To encompass; surround; environ; inclose.

En*cir"clet (?), n. [Encircle + -let.] A small circle; a ring. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

En*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + clasp. Cf. Inclasp.] To clasp. See Inclasp.

En*clave" (?), n. [F., fr. L. in + clavus a nail.] A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another territory of which it is independent. See Exclave. [Recent]

En*clave", v. t. [Cf. F. enclaver.] To inclose within an alien territory. [Recent]

En*clave"ment (?), n. [F.] The state of being an enclave. [Recent]

<! p. 489 !>

{ En*clit"ic (n*klt"k), En*clit"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [L. encliticus, Gr. 'egkli`tikos, fr. 'egkli`nein to incline; 'en in + kli`nein to bend. See In, and Lean, v. i.] (Gram.) Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it, and to lose its own independent accent, generally varying also the accent of the preceding word.

En*clit"ic, n. (Gram.) A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its proper accent, as the pronoun thee in prithee (pray thee).

En*clit"ic*al*ly, adv. In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back. Walker.

En*clit"ics (?), n. (Gram.) The art of declining and conjugating words.

En*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloister.] To shut up in a cloister; to cloister.

En*close" (?), v. t. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.] To inclose. See Inclose.

En*clo"sure (?; 135), n. Inclosure. See Inclosure.

The words enclose and enclosure are written indiscriminately enclose or inclose and enclosure or inclosure.

En*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe.

En*cloud" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloud.] To envelop in clouds; to cloud. [R.] Spenser.

En*coach" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incoach.] To carry in a coach. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)

En*cof"fin (?), v. t. To put in a coffin. [R.]

En*cold"en (?), v. t. To render cold. [Obs.]

En*col"lar (?), v. t. To furnish or surround with a collar. [R.]

En*col"or (?), v. t. To color. [R.]

||En`co`lure" (?), n. [F.] The neck of horse. R. Browning.

En*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber. [Obs.]

En*com"ber*ment (?), n. [See Encumberment.] Hindrance; molestation.[Obs.] Spenser.

En*co"mi*ast (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to praise, fr. &?; encomium: cf. F. encomiaste. See Encomium.] One who praises; a panegyrist. Locke.

{ En*co`mi*as"tic (?), En*co`mi*as"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; as, an encomiastic address or discourse. -- En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

En*co`mi*as"tic, n. A panegyric. B. Jonson.

En*co"mi*on (?), n. [NL.] Encomium; panegyric. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

En*co"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Encomiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (a song) chanted in a Bacchic festival in praise of the god; &?; in + &?; a jovial festivity, revel. See Comedy.] Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation.

> His encomiums awakened all my ardor.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- See Eulogy.

En*com"pass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encompassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encompassing.] To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to encircle; to inclose; to environ; as, a ring encompasses the finger; an army encompasses a city; a voyage encompassing the world. Shak.

> A question may be encompassed with difficulty.

C. J. Smith.

> The love of all thy sons encompass thee.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ; invest; hem in; shut up.

En*com"pass*ment (?), n. The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded; circumvention.

> By this encompassment and drift of question.

Shak.

En`core" (?), adv. or interj. [F. The last part of the word is fr. L. hora hour. See Hour.] Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a repetition of a particular part.

En`core", n. A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a repetition; as, the encores were numerous.

En`core", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encoring.] To call for a repetition or reappearance of; as, to encore a song or a singer.

> [Rebecca] insisted upon encoring one of the duets.

Thackeray.

En*cor"po*ring (?), n. [Pref. en- + L. corpus body.] Incorporation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||En`cou`bert" (?), n. [F., Pg. encorberto, encuberto, lit., covered.] (Zoöl.) One of several species of armadillos of the genera Dasypus and Euphractus, having five toes both on the fore and hind feet.

En*coun"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encountered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encountering.] [OF. encontrer; pref. en- (L. in) + contre against, L. contra. See Counter, adv.] To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in opposition or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict with; to oppose; to struggle with; as, to encounter a friend in traveling; two armies encounter each other; to encounter obstacles or difficulties, to encounter strong evidence of a truth.

> Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him.

Acts xvii. 18.

> I am most fortunate thus accidentally to encounter you.

Shak.

En*coun"ter, v. i. To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; as, three armies encountered at Waterloo.

> I will encounter with Andronicus.

Shak.

> Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation of all truth, have in the first place to encounter with particulars.

Tatham.

En*coun"ter, n. [OF. encontre, fr. encontrer. See Encounter, v. t.] 1. A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or incidental meeting; an interview.

> To shun the encounter of the vulgar crowd.

Pope.

2. A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a battle; as, a bloody encounter.

> As one for . . . fierce encounters fit

. Spenser.

> To join their dark encounter in mid- air

. Milton.

Syn. -- Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter; attack; engagement; onset. See Contest.

En*coun"ter*er (?), n. One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist. Atterbury.

En*cour"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encouraged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Encouraging (?).] [F. encourager; pref. en- (L. in) + courage courage. See Courage.] To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope; to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate; enhearten; to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of discourage.

> David encouraged himself in the Lord.

1 Sam. xxx. 6.

Syn. -- To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten; incite; cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate; countenance; comfort; promote; advance; forward; strengthen.

En*cour"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encouragement.] 1. The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to practice; as, the encouragement of youth in generosity.

> All generous encouragement of arts.

Otway.

2. That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance, as favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase of confidence; as, the fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people.

> To think of his paternal care,
> Is a most sweet encouragement to prayer.

Byron.

En*cour"a*ger (?), n. One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer.

> The pope is . . . a great encourager of arts.

Addison.

En*cour"a*ging (?), a. Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring. -- En*cour"a*ging*ly, adv.

En*cowl" (?), v. t. To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of. [R.] Drayton.

En*cra"dle (?), v. t. To lay in a cradle.

En"cra*tite (?), n. [L. Encratitae, pl., fr. Gr. &?; self-disciplined; &?; in + &?; strength.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage, wine, and animal food; -- called also Continent.

En*crease" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Increase.

En*crim"son (?), v. t. To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson. Shak.

{ En*crin"ic (?), En*cri"nal (?), En*crin"i*tal (?), } a. (Paleon.) Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds of limestone.

En"cri*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; in + &?; a lily: cf. F. encrinite.] (Paleon.) A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any crinoid.

{ En`cri*nit"ic (?), En`cri*nit"ic*al (?), } a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal.

||En`cri*noid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Encrinus and -oid.] (Zoöl.) That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata. See Illusts. under Comatula and Crinoidea.

||En"cri*nus (?), n.; pl. Encrini (#). [NL. See Encrinite.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks.

En*crisped" (?), a. Curled. [Obs.] Skelton.

En*croach" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encroached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encroaching.] [OF. encrochier to perch, prop., to hook, fasten a hook (perh. confused with acrochier, F. accrocher, to hook, get hold of, E. accroach); pref. en- (L. in) + F. croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Accroach.] To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; -- commonly with on or upon; as, to encroach on a neighbor; to encroach on the highway.

> No sense, faculty, or member must encroach upon or interfere with the duty and office of another.

South.

> Superstition, . . . a creeping and encroaching evil.

Hooker.

> Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass.

En*croach", n. Encroachment. [Obs.] South.

En*croach"er (?), n. One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of, what is not his own.

En*croach"ing*ly, adv. By way of encroachment.

En*croach"ment (?), n. 1. The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights or possessions of another; unlawful intrusion.

> An unconstitutional encroachment of military power on the civil establishment.

Bancroft.

2. That which is taken by encroaching on another.

3. (Law) An unlawful diminution of the possessions of another.

En*crust" (?), v. t. To incrust. See Incrust.

En*crust"ment (?), n. That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation.

> Disengaging truth from its encrustment of error.

I. Taylor.

En*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encumbering.] [F. encombrer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. combrer to hinder. See Cumber, and cf. Incumber.] [Written also incumber.] 1. To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass; as, his movements were encumbered by his mantle; his mind is encumbered with useless learning.

> Not encumbered with any notable inconvenience.

Hooker.

2. To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber an estate with mortgages.

Syn. -- To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; hinder; retard; obstruct; check; block.

En*cum"ber*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encombrement.] Encumbrance. [R.]

En*cum"brance (?), n. [Cf. OF. encombrance. Cf. Incumbrance.] 1. That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or renders it difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment. See Incumbrance.

2. (Law) Same as Incumbrance.

Syn. -- Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance.

En*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) Same as Incumbrancer.

En*cur"tain (?), v. t. To inclose with curtains.

-en*cy (?). [L. -entia.] A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -ence, but more commonly signifying the quality or state; as, emergency, efficiency. See -ancy.

{ En*cyc"lic (?), En*cyc"li*cal (?), } a. [L. encyclios of a circle, general, Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; circle: cf. F. encyclique. See Cycle.] Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men; general; circular; as, an encyclical letter of a council, of a bishop, or the pope.

{ En*cyc"lic, En*cyc"li*cal, } n. An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope. Shipley.

{ En*cy`clo*pe"di*a, En*cy`clo*pæ"di*a } (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, for &?; &?;, instruction in the circle of arts and sciences: cf. F. encyclopédie. See Cyclopedia, and Encyclical.] [Formerly written encyclopædy and encyclopedy.] The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which the various branches of science or art are discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia.

En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal (?), a. Encyclopedic.

En*cy`clo*pe"di*an (?), a. Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of subjects.

{ En*cy`clo*ped"ic (?), En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. encyclopédique.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia; embracing a wide range of subjects.

En*cy`clo*pe"dism (?), n. The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also, possession of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic learning.

En*cy`clo*pe"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. encyclopédiste.] The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of the sciences.

The Encyclopedists, the writers of the great French encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were Diderot and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were Voltaire and Rousseau.

En*cyst" (?), v. t. To inclose in a cyst.

En`cys*ta"tion (?), n. Encystment.

En*cyst"ed (?), a. Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; as, an encysted tumor.

> The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's fang.

Coleridge.

En*cyst"ment (?), n. 1. (Biol.) A process which, among some of the lower forms of life, precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore formation, etc.

The animal (a) first contracts its body to a globular mass (b) and then secretes a transparent cyst (c), after which the mass divides into two or more parts (as in d e), each of which attains freedom by the bursting of the cyst, and becomes an individual animal.

2. (Zoöl.) A process by which many internal parasites, esp. in their larval states, become inclosed within a cyst in the muscles, liver, etc. See Trichina.

End (nd), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. ände, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. √208. Cf. Ante-, Anti-, Answer.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of any material thing considered lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being side); hence, extremity, in general; the concluding part; termination; close; limit; as, the end of a field, line, pole, road; the end of a year, of a discourse; put an end to pain; -- opposed to beginning, when used of anything having a first part.

> Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof.

Eccl. vii. 8.

2. Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion; issue; result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive event; consequence.

> My guilt be on my head, and there an end.

Shak.

> O that a man might know
> The end of this day's business ere it come!

Shak.

3. Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination; also, cause of death or destruction.

> Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end.

Pope.

> Confound your hidden falsehood, and award
> Either of you to be the other's end.

Shak.

> I shall see an end of him.

Shak.

4. The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to labor for private or public ends.

> Losing her, the end of living lose.

Dryden.

> When every man is his own end, all things will come to a bad end.

Coleridge.

5. That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; as, odds and ends.

> I clothe my naked villainy
> With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ,
> And seem a saint, when most I play the devil.

Shak.

6. (Carpet Manuf.) One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a Brussels carpet.

<! p. 490 !>

An end. (a) On end; upright; erect; endways. Spenser (b) To the end; continuously. [Obs.] Richardson. -- End bulb (Anat.), one of the bulblike bodies in which some sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and mucous membranes; -- also called end corpuscles. -- End fly, a bobfly. -- End for end, one end for the other; in reversed order. -- End man, the last man in a row; one of the two men at the extremities of a line of minstrels. -- End on (Naut.), bow foremost. -- End organ (Anat.), the structure in which a nerve fiber ends, either peripherally or centrally. -- End plate (Anat.), one of the flat expansions in which motor nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers. -- End play (Mach.), movement endwise, or room for such movement. -- End stone (Horol.), one of the two plates of a jewel in a timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play. -- Ends of the earth, the remotest regions of the earth. -- In the end, finally. Shak. -- On end, upright; erect. -- To the end, in order. Bacon. -- To make both ends meet, to live within one's income. Fuller. -- To put an end to, to destroy.

End (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ending.] 1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; as, to end a speech. "I shall end this strife." Shak.

> On the seventh day God ended his work.

Gen. ii. 2.

2. To form or be at the end of; as, the letter k ends the word back.

3. To destroy; to put to death. "This sword hath ended him." Shak.

To end up, to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, to end up a hogshead.

End, v. i. To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a close; to cease; to terminate; as, a voyage ends; life ends; winter ends.

End"a*ble (?), a. That may be ended; terminable.

End"-all` (?), n. Complete termination. [R.]

> That but this blow
> Might be the be-all and the end-all here.

Shak.

En*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endamaged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Endamaging (?).] [Pref. en- + damage: cf. F. endommager.] To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure. [R.]

> The trial hath endamaged thee no way.

Milton.

En*dam"age*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable. [Obs.]

En*dam"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endommagement.] Damage; injury; harm. [Obs.] Shak.

En*dam"ni*fy (?), v. t. To damnify; to injure. [R.] Sandys.

En*dan"ger (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endangered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endangering.] 1. To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury; as, to endanger life or peace.

> All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without endangering him.

Burke.

2. To incur the hazard of; to risk. [Obs.]

> He that turneth the humors back . . . endangereth malign ulcers.

Bacon.

En*dan"ger*ment (?), n. Hazard; peril. Milton.

En*dark" (?), v. t. To darken. [Obs.] Feltham.

En`das*pid"e*an (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a shield.] (Zoöl.) Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the inner side; -- said of certain birds.

En*daz"zle (?), v. t. To dazzle. [Obs.] "Endazzled eyes." Milton.

En*dear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endearing.] 1. To make dear or beloved. "To be endeared to a king." Shak.

2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive. [R.] King James I. (1618).

En*dear"ed*ly (?), adv. With affection or endearment; dearly.

En*dear"ed*ness, n. State of being endeared.

En*dear"ing, a. Making dear or beloved; causing love. -- En*dear"ing*ly, adv.

En*dear"ment (?), n. The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. "The great endearments of prudent and temperate speech." Jer. Taylor.

> Her first endearments twining round the soul.

Thomson.

En*deav"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endeavoring.] [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever, devoir, duty, F. devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose to try to do a thing, to go about it. See Devoir, Debt.] [Written also endeavour.] To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt.

> It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects.

Ld. Chatham.

To endeavor one's self, to exert one's self strenuously to the fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] "A just man that endeavoreth himself to leave all wickedness." Latimer.

En*deav"or, v. i. To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.

> And such were praised who but endeavored well.

Pope.

Usually with an infinitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip an antagonist.

> He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty.

Prescott.

Syn. -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek.

En*deav"or, n. [Written also endeavour.] An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial.

> To employ all my endeavor to obey you.

Sir P. Sidney.

To do one's endeavor, to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle English phrase "to do one's dever" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he had done endeavor to prepare his answer." Fuller.

Syn. -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See Attempt.

En*deav"or*er (?), n. One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also endeavourer.]

En*deav"or*ment (?), n. Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*dec"a*gon (?), n. [See Hendecagon.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and angles.

En`de*cag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; female.] (Bot.) Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower.

En"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. &?; eleven.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, C11H24, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also hendecane.]

En`de*caph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of eleven leaflets; - - said of a leaf.

En*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to point out, show; &?; in + &?; to show.] Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill. Enfield.

||En*deix"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; indication. See Endeictic.] (Med.) An indication.

En*de"mi*al (?), a. Endemic. [R.]

{ En*de"mic (?), En*de"mic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; + &?; the people: cf. F. endémique.] (Med.) Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of persons; as, an endemic disease.

An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now and then.

En*dem"ic, n. (Med.) An endemic disease.

> Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic.

J. B. Heard.

En*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an endemic manner.

En*dem`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. The science which treats of endemic affections.

En*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing. [R.]

En*den"ize (?), v. t. To endenizen. [Obs.]

En*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf. Indenizen.] To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

End"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the ender of my life.

En`der*mat"ic (?), a. Endermic.

En*der"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; in + &?; skin.] (Med.) Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin.

Endermic method, that in which the medicine enters the system through the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a blister.

En*der"mic*al*ly (?), adv. By the endermic method; as, applied endermically.

||En"de*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in + &?; skin.] (Anat.) The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous membranes. -- En`de*ron"ic, a.

En*di"a*demed (?), a. Diademed. [R.]

En*di"a*per (?), v. t. [See Diaper.] To decorate with a diaper pattern.

En*dict" (?), v. t. See Indict.

En*dict"ment (?), n. See Indictment.

End"ing (?), n. 1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction; death.

2. (Gram.) The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the stem. See 3d Case, 5.

Ending day, day of death. Chaucer.

En*dite (?), v. t. See Indite. Spenser.

En"dive (?), n. [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It. endivia), fr. a deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.] (Bot.) A composite herb (Cichorium Endivia). Its finely divided and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad.

Wild endive (Bot.), chicory or succory.

End"less (?), a. [AS. endeleás. See End.] 1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; as, an endless line; endless time; endless bliss; endless praise; endless clamor.

2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. Shak.

3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.] "All loves are endless." Beau. & Fl.

4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit.

Endless chain, a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends. -- Endless screw. (Mech.) See under Screw.

Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited; incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable.

End"less*ly, adv. In an endless manner.

End"less*ness, n. [AS. endeleásnys.] The quality of being endless; perpetuity.

End"long` (?; 115), adv. & prep. [Cf. Along.] Lengthwise; along. [Archaic]

> The doors were all of adamants eterne,
> I-clenched overthwart and endelong
> With iron tough.

Chaucer.

> He pricketh endelong the large space.

Chaucer.

> To thrust the raft endlong across the moat.

Sir W. Scott.

End"most` (?), a. Farthest; remotest; at the very end. Tylor.

{ En"do- (?), End- (?) }. [Gr. 'e`ndon within, fr. &?; in. See In.] A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen, endocuneiform, endaspidean.

En"do*blast (?), n. [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.) Entoblast; endoplast. See Nucleus,

En`do*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer.

{ En`do*car"di*ac (?), En`do*car"di*al (?), } a. 1. Pertaining to the endocardium.

2. (Med.) Seated or generated within the heart; as, endocardial murmurs.

||En`do*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. See -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endocardium.

||En`do*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + kardi`a heart.] (Anat.) The membrane lining the cavities of the heart.

En"do*carp (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; fruit: cf. F. endocarpe.] (Bot.) The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.

En`do*chon"dral (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. &?; cartilage.] (Physiol.) Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to developing bone.

En"do*chrome (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.) The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green, red, yellow, or any other color.

En*doc"trine (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.] To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] Donne.

En"do*cyst (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; bladder, a bag.] (Zoöl.) The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa.

En"do*derm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; skin.] (Biol.) (a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal. (b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

{ En`do*der"mal (?), En`do*der"mic (?), } a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the endoderm.

||En`do*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Endoderm.] (Bot.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.

En*dog"a*mous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. &?; marriage.] Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous.

En*dog"a*my (?), n. Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to exogamy.

En"do*gen (?), n. [Endo- + - gen: cf. F. endogène.] (Bot.) A plant which increases in size by internal growth and elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana, pineapple, etc. See Exogen.

||En`do*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.) Endogeny.

En`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Endogenous.

En*dog"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk.

2. (Biol.) Originating from within; increasing by internal growth.

Endogenous multiplication (Biol.), a method of cell formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see Segmentation, and Illust. of Cell Division, under Division). This mode of growth is characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable.

En*dog"e*nous*ly, adv. By endogenous growth.

En*dog"e*ny (?), n. [See Endogenesis.] (Biol.) Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior of a parent cell.

En"dog*nath (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoöl.) The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilla.

En*dog"na*thal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the endognath.

En"do*lymph (?), n. [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.] (Anat.) The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.

En"do*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. [Endo- + lymphangial.] (Anat.) Within a lymphatic vessel.

En"do*lym*phat"ic (?), a. [Endo- + lymphatic.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the endolymphatic duct. (b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial.

En*dome" (?), v. t. To cover as with a dome.

||En`do*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Endometrium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endometrium.

||En`do*me"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + mh`tra the womb.] (Anat.) The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb.

En"do*morph (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one of rutile inclosed in quartz.

||En`do*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + my^s a muscle.] (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among muscular fibers.

||En`do*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; a sinew, nerve.] (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers.

En`do*par"a*site (?), n. [Endo- + parasite.] (Zoöl.) Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal, as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite. See Entozoön. -- En`do*par`a*sit"ic (#), a.

<! p. 491 !>

||En`do*phlœ"um (n`d*fl"m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + floio`s bark.] (Bot.) The inner layer of the bark of trees.

||En`do*phrag"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon + fra`gma a fence.] (Zoöl.) A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of certain Crustacea.

En`do*phrag"mal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the endophragma.

En*doph"yl*lous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.) Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath.

En"do*plasm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; anything formed or molded.] (Biol.) The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.

||En`do*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Endoplasm.] (Biol.) Same as Entoplasm and Endosarc.

En"do*plast (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; to form.] (Biol.) See Nucleus.

||En`do*plas"ti*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; plastic.] (Zoöl.) A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the amœba.

En`do*plas"tule (?; 135), n. [A dim. fr. endo- + Gr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) See Nucleolus.

||En`do*pleu"ra, n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; rib, side. See Pleura.] (Bot.) The inner coating of a seed. See Tegmen.

En`do*pleu"rite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; a rib.] (Zoöl.) The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral membrane in certain crustaceans.

En*dop"o*dite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Zoöl.) The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilliped.

||En`do*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Endorhizæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; root.] (Bot.) Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo.

Endorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the term exogen; but they have not been generally adopted.

{ En`do*rhi"zal (?), En`do*rhi"zous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon, through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many monocotyledonous plants.

En*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endorsing.] [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to put on the back, to endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L. dorsum. See Dorsal, and cf. Indorse.] Same as Indorse.

Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but the tendency is to the more general use of indorse and its derivatives indorsee, indorser, and indorsement.

En*dorse", n. (Her.) A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width (according to some writers, one eighth).

En`dor*see" (?), n. Same as Indorsee.

En*dorse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endossement.] Same as Indorsement.

En*dors"er (?), n. Same as Indorser.

En"do*sarc (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Biol.) The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the amœba; entoplasm; endoplasta.

En"do*scope (?), n. [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the urethra, and the bladder.

En*dos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope.

En`do*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as, endoskeletal muscles.

En`do*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton.

En`dos*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Endosmose + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic action.

En*dos`mo*met"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic action.

{ En"dos*mose` (?), En`dos*mo"sis (?), } n. [NL. endosmosis, fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; a thrusting, impulsion, fr. &?; to push: cf. F. endosmose.] (Physics) The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the phenomena, or by the process, of osmose.

En`dos*mos"mic (?), a. Endosmotic.

En`dos*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic. Carpenter.

En"do*sperm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac.

En`do*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.

En"do*spore (?), n. [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.) The thin inner coat of certain spores.

En`do*spor"ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.

En*doss" (?; 115), v. t. [F. endosser. See Endorse.] To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older spelling of endorse. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*dos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to endostosis; as, endosteal ossification.

En`do*ster"nite (?), n. [Endo- + sternum.] (Zoöl.) The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal membrane in Crustacea and insects.

||En*dos"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; a bone.] (Anat.) The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone.

||En*dos"to*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?;, &?;, the mouth.] (Zoöl.) A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea.

En"do*stome (?), n. [See Endostoma.] 1. (Bot.) The foramen or passage through the inner integument of an ovule.

2. (Zoöl.) And endostoma.

En`dos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Endo- , and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place within the substance of the cartilage.

En"do*style (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Zoöl.) A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See Tunicata.

||En`do*the"ca (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'e`ndon within + qh`kh a case, box, fr. &?; to place.] (Zoöl.) The tissue which partially fills the interior of the interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above another. -- En`do*the"cal (#), a.

||En`do*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL. See Endotheca.] (Bot.) The inner lining of an anther cell.

En`do*the"li*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of, or relating to, endothelium.

||En`do*the"li*um (?), n.; pl. Endothelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + &?; nipple.] (Anat.) The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. See Epithelium.

En`do*the"loid (?), a. [Endothelium + -oid.] (Anat.) Like endothelium.

En`do*tho"rax (?), n. [Endo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.) An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of insects.

En*dow" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endowing.] [OF. endouer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. douer to endow, L. dotare. See Dower, and cf. 2d Endue.] 1. To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent fund for support; to make pecuniary provision for; to settle an income upon; especially, to furnish with dower; as, to endow a wife; to endow a public institution.

> Endowing hospitals and almshouses.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift (as a quality or faculty); -- followed by with, rarely by of; as, man is endowed by his Maker with reason; to endow with privileges or benefits.

En*dow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. endouairer. See Dower, Endow.] To endow. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

En*dow"er, n. One who endows.

En*dow"ment (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision for support.

2. That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an institution; property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; as, the endowment of a church, a hospital, or a college.

3. That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind; gift of nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents; -- usually in the plural.

> His early endowments had fitted him for the work he was to do.

I. Taylor.

||En`do*zo"a (n`d*z"), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ndon within + zw^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) See Entozoa.

En*drudge" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + drudge.] To make a drudge or slave of. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

En*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduing.] [L. induere, prob. confused with E. endow. See Indue.] To invest. Latham.

> Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high.

Luke xxiv. 49.

> Endue them . . . with heavenly gifts.

Book of Common Prayer.

En*due", v. t. An older spelling of Endow. Tillotson.

En*due"ment (?), n. Act of enduing; induement.

En*dur"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. endurable. See Endure.] Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable. Macaulay. -- En*dur"a*ble*ness, n.

En*dur"a*bly, adv. In an endurable manner.

En*dur"ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurance. See Endure.] 1. A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness; continuance.

> Slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the endurance of his own possession.

Sir W. Scott.

2. The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without being overcome; sufferance; patience.

> Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience and endurance of all evils, of pain and of death.

Sir W. Temple.

Syn. -- Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation.

En*dur"ant (?), a. Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc.

> The ibex is a remarkably endurant animal.

J. G. Wood.

En*dure" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Endured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enduring (?).] [F. endurer; pref. en- (L. in) + durer to last. See Dure, v. i., and cf. Indurate.] 1. To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to remain.

> Their verdure still endure.

Shak.

> He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not endure.

Job viii. 15.

2. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

> Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee?

Ezek. xxii. 14.

En*dure", v. t. 1. To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without breaking or yielding; as, metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting; to endure wind and weather.

> Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure,
> As might the strokes of two such arms endure.

Dryden.

2. To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up with; to tolerate.

> I will no longer endure it.

Shak.

> Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sake.

2 Tim. ii. 10.

> How can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people?

Esther viii. 6.

3. To harden; to toughen; to make hardy. [Obs.]

> Manly limbs endured with little ease.

Spenser.

Syn. -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer.

En*dure"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. endurement.] Endurance. [Obs.] South.

En*dur"er (?), n. One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears, suffers, or sustains.

En*dur"ing, a. Lasting; durable; long-suffering; as, an enduring disposition. "A better and enduring substance." Heb. x. 34. -- En*dur"ing*ly, adv. T. Arnold. -- En*dur"ing*ness, n.

{ End"ways` (?), End"wise (?), } adv. 1. On end; erectly; in an upright position.

2. With the end forward.

||En"dy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a garment.] (Anat.) See Ependyma.

||En"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Endyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a putting on, fr. &?; to put on.] (Biol.) The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to ecdysis.

En"e*cate (?), v. t. [L. enecatus, p. p. of enecare; e out, utterly + necare to kill.] To kill off; to destroy. [Obs.] Harvey.

E*ne"id (?), n. Same as Æneid.

En"e*ma (?), n.; pl. L. Enemata (#). [L. enema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to send in; &?; in + &?; to send.] (Med.) An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment. Hoblyn.

En"e*my (?), n.; pl. Enemies (#). [OF. enemi, F. ennemi, from L. inimicus; in- (negative) + amicus friend. See Amicable.] One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; as, an enemy of or to a person; an enemy to truth, or to falsehood.

> To all good he enemy was still.

Spenser.

> I say unto you, Love your enemies.

Matt. v. 44.

The enemy (Mil.), the hostile force. In this sense it is construed with the verb and pronoun either in the singular or the plural, but more commonly in the singular; as, we have met the enemy and he is ours or they are ours.

> It was difficult in such a country to track the enemy. It was impossible to drive him to bay.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Foe; antagonist; opponent. See Adversary.

En"e*my, a. Hostile; inimical. [Obs.]

> They . . . every day grow more enemy to God.

Jer. Taylor.

En*ep`i*der"mic (?), a. [Pref. en- (Gr. &?;) + epidermic.] (Med.) Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines.

{ En`er*get"ic (?), En`er*get"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to work, be active, fr. &?; active. See Energy.] 1. Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for vigorous action or for exerting force; active. "A Being eternally energetic." Grew.

2. Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious; as, energetic measures; energetic laws.

Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous; effective; strenuous.

-- En`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. -- En`er*get"ic*al*ness, n.

En`er*get"ics (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital, forces, and which comprehends the consideration and general investigation of the whole range of the forces concerned in physical phenomena. [R.]

{ En*er"gic (?), En*er"gic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. énergique.] 1. In a state of action; acting; operating.

2. Having energy or great power; energetic.

> The energic faculty that we call will.

Blackw. Mag.

En"er*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Energized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Energizing (?).] [From Energy.] To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or vigor; to act in producing an effect.

> Of all men it is true that they feel and energize first, they reflect and judge afterwards.

J. C. Shairp.

En"er*gize, v. t. To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify; as, to energize the will.

En"er*gi`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an effect.

En"er*gi`zing (?), a. Capable of imparting or exercising energy.

> Those nobler exercises of energizing love.

Bp. Horsley.

En`er*gu"men (?), n. [L. energumenos, fr. Gr. &?; possessed by an evil spirit, from &?;: cf. F. énergumène. See Energetic.] (Eccl. Antiq.) One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac.

En"er*gy (?), n.; pl. Energies (#). [F. énergie, LL. energia, fr. Gr.&?;, fr. &?; active; &?; in + &?; work. See In, and Work.] 1. Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating, or producing an effect, whether exerted or not; as, men possessing energies may suffer them to lie inactive.

> The great energies of nature are known to us only by their effects.

Paley.

2. Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or effectual operation; as, the energy of a magistrate.

3. Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to impress the mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; -- said of speech, language, words, style; as, a style full of energy.

4. (Physics) Capacity for performing work.

The kinetic energy of a body is the energy it has in virtue of being in motion. It is measured by one half of the product of the mass of each element of the body multiplied by the square of the velocity of the element, relative to some given body or point. The available kinetic energy of a material system unconnected with any other system is that energy which is due to the motions of the parts of the system relative to its center of mass. The potential energy of a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic; -- energy due to configuration. Kinetic energy is sometimes called actual energy. Kinetic energy is exemplified in the vis viva of moving bodies, in heat, electric currents, etc.; potential energy, in a bent spring, or a body suspended a given distance above the earth and acted on by gravity.

<! p. 492 !>

Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, ∧ Degradation of energy, etc. (Physics) See under Accumulation, Conservation, Correlation, etc.

Syn. -- Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit; efficiency; resolution.

E*ner"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enervated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enervating.] [L. enervatus, p. p. of enervare, fr. enervis nerveless, weak; e out + nervus nerve. See Nerve.] To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral powers of.

> A man . . . enervated by licentiousness.

Macaulay.

> And rhyme began t' enervate poetry.

Dryden.

Syn. -- To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate.

E*ner"vate (?), a. [L. enervatus, p. p.] Weakened; weak; without strength of force. Pope.

En`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. enervatio: cf. F. énervation.] 1. The act of weakening, or reducing strength.

2. The state of being weakened; effeminacy. Bacon.

E*ner"va*tive (?), a. Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening. [R.]

E*nerve" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. énerver. See Enervate.] To weaken; to enervate. [Obs.] Milton.

E*nerv"ous (?), a. [L. enervis, enervus.] Lacking nerve or force; enervated. [R.]

En*fam"ish (?), v. t. To famish; to starve.

En*fect" (?), a. [See Infect, a.] Contaminated with illegality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*fee"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeebling (?).] [OF. enfeblir, enfeiblir; pref. en- (L. in) + feble, F. faible, feeble. See Feeble.] To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate.

> Enfeebled by scanty subsistence and excessive toil.

Prescott.

Syn. -- To weaken; debilitate; enervate.

En*fee"ble*ment (?), n. The act of weakening; enervation; weakness.

En*fee"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble.

En*fee"blish, v. i. To enfeeble. [Obs.] Holland.

En*fel"oned (?), a. [Pref. en- + felon: cf. OF. enfelonner.] Rendered fierce or frantic. [Obs.] "Like one enfeloned or distraught." Spenser.

En*feoff" (?; see Feoff, 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfeoffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfeoffing.] [Pref. en- + feoff, fief: cf. LL. infeofare, OF. enfeffer, enfeofer.] 1. (Law) To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with a fief or fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate by the process of feoffment. Mozley & W.

2. To give in vassalage; to make subservient. [Obs.]

> [The king] enfeoffed himself to popularity.

Shak.

En*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) (a) The act of enfeoffing. (b) The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate.

En*fes"ter (?), v. t. To fester. [Obs.] "Enfestered sores." Davies (Holy Roode).

En*fet"ter (?), v. t. To bind in fetters; to enchain. "Enfettered to her love." Shak.

En*fe"ver (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + fever: cf. F. enfiévrer.] To excite fever in. [R.] A. Seward.

En*fierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfiercing (?).] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser.

En`fi*lade" (?; 277), n. [F., fr. enfiler to thread, go trough a street or square, rake with shot; pref. en- (L. in) + fil thread. See File a row.] 1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in a straight line. [R.]

2. (Mil.) A firing in the direction of the length of a trench, or a line of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking fire.

En`fi*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfiladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enfilading.] (Mil.) To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the length of, as a work, or a line of troops. Campbell.

En*filed" (?), p. a. [F. enfiler to pierce, thread.] (Her.) Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled upon it; as, a sword which is said to be "enfiled of" the thing which it pierces.

En*fire" (?), v. t. To set on fire. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*flesh" (?), v. t. To clothe with flesh. [Obs.]

> Vices which are . . . enfleshed in him.

Florio.

En*flow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enflowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enflowering.] To cover or deck with flowers. [Poetic]

> These odorous and enflowered fields.

B. Jonson.

En*fold" (?), v. t. To infold. See Infold.

En*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding. See Infoldment.

En*force" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enforcing (?).] [OF. enforcier to strengthen, force, F. enforcir; pref. en- (L. in) + F. force. See Force.] 1. To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; as, to enforce obedience to commands.

> Inward joy enforced my heart to smile.

Shak.

2. To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; as, to enforce a passage. "Enforcing furious way." Spenser.

3. To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.

> As swift as stones
> Enforced from the old Assyrian slings.

Shak.

4. To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy; as, to enforce arguments or requests.

> Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity.

Burke.

5. To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to; to execute with vigor; as, to enforce the laws.

6. To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.

> Enforce him with his envy to the people.

Shak.

En*force (?), v. i. 1. To attempt by force. [Obs.]

2. To prove; to evince. [R.] Hooker.

3. To strengthen; to grow strong. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*force", n. Force; strength; power. [Obs.]

> A petty enterprise of small enforce.

Milton.

En*force"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enforced.

En*forced" (?), a. Compelled; forced; not voluntary. "Enforced wrong." "Enforced smiles." Shak. -- En*for"ced*ly, adv. Shak.

En*force"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. enforcement.] 1. The act of enforcing; compulsion.

> He that contendeth against these enforcements may easily master or resist them.

Sir W. Raleigh.

> Confess 't was hers, and by what rough enforcement
> You got it from her.

Shak.

2. A giving force to; a putting in execution.

> Enforcement of strict military discipline.

Palfrey.

3. That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority, or effect to; constraint; force applied.

> The rewards and punishment of another life, which the Almighty has established as the enforcements of his law.

Locke.

En*for"cer (?), n. One who enforces.

En*for"ci*ble (?), a. That may be enforced.

En*for"cive (?), a. Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive. Marsion. -- En*for"cive*ly, adv.

En*for"est (?), v. t. To turn into a forest.

En*form" (?), v. t. [F. enformer. See Inform.] To form; to fashion. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*foul"dred (?), a. [Pref. en- + OF. fouldre, foldre, lightning, F. foudre, L. fulgur.] Mixed with, or emitting, lightning. [Obs.] "With foul enfouldred smoke." Spenser.

En*frame" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a frame.

En*fran"chise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enfranchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enfranchising (?).] [Pref. en- + franchise: cf. F. enfranchir.] 1. To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding power. Bacon.

2. To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman.

3. To receive as denizens; to naturalize; as, to enfranchise foreign words. I. Watts.

En*fran"chise*ment (?), n. 1. Releasing from slavery or custody. Shak.

2. Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic; investiture with the privileges of free citizens.

Enfranchisement of copyhold (Eng. Law), the conversion of a copyhold estate into a freehold. Mozley & W.

En*fran"chis*er (?), n. One who enfranchises.

En*free" (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] "The enfreed Antenor." Shak.

En*free"dom (?), v. t. To set free. [Obs.] Shak.

En*freeze" (?), v. t. To freeze; to congeal. [Obs.]

> Thou hast enfrozened her disdainful breast.

Spenser.

En*fro"ward (?), v. t. To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

En*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging (?).] [F. engager; pref. en- (L. in) + gage pledge, pawn. See Gage.] 1. To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise. "I to thee engaged a prince's word." Shak.

2. To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; as, to engage friends to aid in a cause; to engage men for service.

3. To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw.

> Good nature engages everybody to him.

Addison.

4. To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on.

> Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage.

Pope.

> Taking upon himself the difficult task of engaging him in conversation.

Hawthorne.

5. To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict.

> A favorable opportunity of engaging the enemy.

Ludlow.

6. (Mach.) To come into gear with; as, the teeth of one cogwheel engage those of another, or one part of a clutch engages the other part.

En*gage", v. i. 1. To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant.

> How proper the remedy for the malady, I engage not.

Fuller.

2. To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; as, to engage in controversy.

3. To enter into conflict; to join battle; as, the armies engaged in a general battle.

4. (Mach.) To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.

En*gaged" (?), a. 1. Occupied; employed; busy.

2. Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed.

3. Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest.

4. Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; as, the engaged ships continued the fight.

Engaged column. (Arch.) Same as Attached column. See under Attach, v. t.

En*ga"ged*ly (?), adv. With attachment; with interest; earnestly.

En*ga"ged*ness, n. The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal.

En*gage"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. engagement.] 1. The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest.

2. The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge to take some one as husband or wife.

3. That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise embarked in; as, his engagements prevented his acceptance of any office.

> Religion, which is the chief engagement of our league.

Milton.

4. (Mil.) An action; a fight; a battle.

> In hot engagement with the Moors.

Dryden.

5. (Mach.) The state of being in gear; as, one part of a clutch is brought into engagement with the other part.

Syn. -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See Battle.

En*ga"ger (?), n. One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.

> Several sufficient citizens were engagers.

Wood.

En*ga"ging (?), a. Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; as, engaging manners or address. -- En*ga"ging*ly, adv. - - En*ga"ging*ness, n.

Engaging and disengaging gear or machinery, that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require.

En*gal"lant (?), v. t. To make a gallant of. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

En*gaol" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + gaol: cf. OF. engaoler, engeoler. See Gaol, and cf. Enjail.] To put in jail; to imprison. [Obs.] Shak.

En*gar"boil (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garboil.] To throw into disorder; to disturb. [Obs.] "To engarboil the church." Bp. Montagu.

En*gar"land (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + garland: cf. F. enguirlander.] To encircle with a garland, or with garlands. Sir P. Sidney.

En*gar"ri*son (?), v. t. To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall.

En*gas"tri*muth (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; belly + &?; to speak: cf. F. engastrimythe.] An ventriloquist. [Obs.]

En*gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engendering.] [F. engender, L. ingenerare; in + generare to beget. See Generate, and cf. Ingenerate.] 1. To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget. [R.]

2. To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; as, angry words engender strife.

> Engendering friendship in all parts of the common wealth.

Southey.

Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop.

En*gen"der, v. i. 1. To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.

> Thick clouds are spread, and storms engender there.

Dryden.

2. To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace. "I saw their mouths engender." Massinger.

En*gen"der (?), n. One who, or that which, engenders.

En`gen*drure" (?), n. [OF. engendreure.] The act of generation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*gild" (?), v. t. To gild; to make splendent.

> Fair Helena, who most engilds the night.

Shak.

En"gine (?), n. [F. engin skill, machine, engine, L. ingenium natural capacity, invention; in in + the root of gignere to produce. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious, Gin a snare.] 1. (Pronounced, in this sense, &?;&?;&?;&?;.) Natural capacity; ability; skill. [Obs.]

> A man hath sapiences three,
> Memory, engine, and intellect also.

Chaucer.

2. Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an agent. Shak.

> You see the ways the fisherman doth take
> To catch the fish; what engines doth he make?

Bunyan.

> Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these engines of lust.

Shak.

3. Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture. "Terrible engines of death." Sir W. Raleigh.

4. (Mach.) A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to produce a given physical effect.

Engine driver, one who manages an engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive. -- Engine lathe. (Mach.) See under Lathe. -- Engine tool, a machine tool. J. Whitworth. -- Engine turning (Fine Arts), a method of ornamentation by means of a rose engine.

The term engine is more commonly applied to massive machines, or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of power, as steam engine, air engine, electro- magnetic engine; or the purpose on account of which the power is applied, as fire engine, pumping engine, locomotive engine; or some peculiarity of construction or operation, as single-acting or double-acting engine, high- pressure or low-pressure engine, condensing engine, etc.

En"gine, v. t. 1. To assault with an engine. [Obs.]

> To engine and batter our walls.

T. Adams.

2. To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; as, vessels are often built by one firm and engined by another.

3. (Pronounced, in this sense, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.) To rack; to torture. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En`gi*neer" (?), n. [OE. enginer: cf. OF. engignier, F. ingénieur. See Engine, n.] 1. A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under Engineering, n.

2. One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine driver.

3. One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance; an efficient manager. [Colloq.]

Civil engineer, a person skilled in the science of civil engineering. -- Military engineer, one who executes engineering works of a military nature. See under Engineering.

<! p. 493 !>

En`gi*neer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engineered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engineering.] 1. To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an engineer on; as, to engineer a road. J. Hamilton.

2. To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to manage; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.]

En`gi*neer"ing, n. Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.

In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes architecture as a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided into military engineering, which is the art of designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and civil engineering, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public works, machinery, etc. -- Civil engineering, in modern usage, is strictly the art of planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc. -- Mechanical engineering relates to machinery, such as steam engines, machine tools, mill work, etc. -- Mining engineering deals with the excavation and working of mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. Engineering is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical engineering, etc.

En"gine*man (?), n.; pl. Enginemen (&?;). A man who manages, or waits on, an engine.

En"gin*er (?), n. [See Engineer.] A contriver; an inventor; a contriver of engines. [Obs.] Shak.

En"gine*ry (?), n. 1. The act or art of managing engines, or artillery. Milton.

2. Engines, in general; instruments of war.

> Training his devilish enginery.

Milton.

3. Any device or contrivance; machinery; structure or arrangement. Shenstone.

En"gine-sized` (?), a. Sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp; -- said of paper. Knight.

En"gi*nous (?), a. [OF. engignos. See Ingenious.] 1. Pertaining to an engine. [Obs.]

> That one act gives, like an enginous wheel,
> Motion to all.

Decker.

2. Contrived with care; ingenious. [Obs.]

> The mark of all enginous drifts.

B. Jonson.

En*gird" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engirded or Engirt (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Engirding.] [Pref. en- + gird. Cf. Ingirt.] To gird; to encompass. Shak.

En*gir"dle (?), v. t. To surround as with a girdle; to girdle.

En*girt" (?), v. t. To engird. [R.] Collins.

En"gi*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; near + -scope.] (Opt.) A kind of reflecting microscope. [Obs.]

En*glaimed" (?), a. [OE. engleimen to smear, gleim birdlime, glue, phlegm.] Clammy. [Obs.]

En"gle (?), n. [OE. enghle to coax or cajole. Cf. Angle a hook, one easily enticed, a gull, Ingle.] A favorite; a paramour; an ingle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

En"gle, v. t. To cajole or coax, as favorite. [Obs.]

> I 'll presently go and engle some broker.

B. Jonson.

Eng"lish (?), a. [AS. Englisc, fr. Engle, Angle, Engles, Angles, a tribe of Germans from the southeast of Sleswick, in Denmark, who settled in Britain and gave it the name of England. Cf. Anglican.] Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the present so-called Anglo-Saxon race.

English bond (Arch.) See 1st Bond, n., 8. -- English breakfast tea. See Congou. -- English horn. (Mus.) See Corno Inglese. -- English walnut. (Bot.) See under Walnut.

Eng"lish, n. 1. Collectively, the people of England; English people or persons.

2. The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in America, India, and other countries.

The English language has been variously divided into periods by different writers. In the division most commonly recognized, the first period dates from about 450 to 1150. This is the period of full inflection, and is called Anglo-Saxon, or, by many recent writers, Old English. The second period dates from about 1150 to 1550 (or, if four periods be recognized, from about 1150 to 1350), and is called Early English, Middle English, or more commonly (as in the usage of this book), Old English. During this period most of the inflections were dropped, and there was a great addition of French words to the language. The third period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is Middle English. During this period orthography became comparatively fixed. The last period, from about 1550, is called Modern English.

3. A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great Primer. See Type.

The type called English.

4. (Billiards) A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in striking it that influences the direction it will take after touching a cushion or another ball.

The King's, or Queen's, English. See under King.

Eng"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Englishing.] 1. To translate into the English language; to Anglicize; hence, to interpret; to explain.

> Those gracious acts . . . may be Englished more properly, acts of fear and dissimulation.

Milton.

> Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and words in the book which he was Englishing.

T. L. K. Oliphant.

2. (Billiards) To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as to give it in addition to its forward motion a spinning motion, that influences its direction after impact on another ball or the cushion. [U.S.]

Eng"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, English.

Eng"lish*ism (?), n. 1. A quality or characteristic peculiar to the English. M. Arnold.

2. A form of expression peculiar to the English language as spoken in England; an Anglicism.

Eng"lish*man (-man), n.; pl. Englishmen (-men). A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England.

Eng"lish*ry (?), n. 1. The state or privilege of being an Englishman. [Obs.] Cowell.

2. A body of English or people of English descent; -- commonly applied to English people in Ireland.

> A general massacre of the Englishry.

Macaulay.

Eng"lish*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Englishwomen (&?;). Fem. of Englishman. Shak.

En*gloom" (?), v. t. To make gloomy. [R.]

En*glue" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + glue: cf. F. engluer to smear with birdlime.] To join or close fast together, as with glue; as, a coffer well englued. Gower.

En*glut" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Englutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Englutting (?).] [Pref. en- + glut: cf. F. engloutir.] 1. To swallow or gulp down. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To glut. [Obs.] "Englutted with vanity." Ascham.

En*gore" (?), v. t. 1. To gore; to pierce; to lacerate. [Obs.]

> Deadly engored of a great wild boar.

Spenser.

2. To make bloody. [Obs.] Chapman.

En*gorge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engorging (?).] [Pref. en- + gorge: cf. F. engorger to obstruct, cram.] 1. To gorge; to glut. Mir. for Mag.

2. To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to devour. Spenser.

En*gorge", v. i. To feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with food. Beaumont.

En*gorged" (?), p. a. 1. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts.

2. (Med.) Filled to excess with blood or other liquid; congested.

En*gorge"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. engorgement.] 1. The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity; a glutting.

2. (Med.) An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in some part of the system; congestion. Hoblyn.

3. (Metal.) The clogging of a blast furnace.

En*gouled" (?), a. (Her.) Partly swallowed; disappearing in the jaws of anything; as, an infant engouled by a serpent; said also of an ordinary, when its two ends to issue from the mouths of lions, or the like; as, a bend engouled.

||En`gou`lée" (?), a. [F., p. p. of engouler to swallow up; pref. en- (L. in) + gueule mouth.] (Her.) Same as Engouled.

En*graff" (?), v. t. [See Ingraft.] To graft; to fix deeply. [Obs.]

En*graff"ment (?), n. See Ingraftment. [Obs.]

En*graft" (?), v. t. See Ingraft. Shak.

{ En`graf*ta"tion (?), En*graft"ment (?), } n. The act of ingrafting; ingraftment. [R.]

En*grail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrailing.] [F. engrêler; pref. en- (L. in) + grêle hail. See Grail gravel.] 1. To variegate or spot, as with hail.

> A caldron new engrailed with twenty hues.

Chapman.

2. (Her.) To indent with small curves. See Engrailed.

En*grail", v. i. To form an edging or border; to run in curved or indented lines. Parnell.

En*grailed" (?), a. (Her.) Indented with small concave curves, as the edge of a bordure, bend, or the like.

En*grail"ment (?), n. 1. The ring of dots round the edge of a medal, etc. Brande & C.

2. (Her.) Indentation in curved lines, as of a line of division or the edge of an ordinary.

En*grain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engraining.] [Pref. en- + grain. Cf. Ingrain.] 1. To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See Ingrain.

> Leaves engrained in lusty green.

Spenser.

2. To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to infuse deeply. See Ingrain.

> The stain hath become engrained by time.

Sir W. Scott.

3. To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See Grain, v. t., 1.

En*grap"ple (?), v. t. & i. To grapple. [Obs.]

En*grasp" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrasping.] To grasp; to grip. [R.] Spenser.

En*grave", v. t. [Pref. en- + grave a tomb. Cf. Engrave to carve.] To deposit in the grave; to bury. [Obs.] "Their corses to engrave." Spenser.

En*grave" (?), v. t. [imp. Engraved (?); p. p. Engraved or Engraven (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Engraving.] [Pref. en- + grave to carve: cf. OF. engraver.] 1. To cut in; to make by incision. [Obs.]

> Full many wounds in his corrupted flesh
> He did engrave.

Spenser.

2. To cut with a graving instrument in order to form an inscription or pictorial representation; to carve figures; to mark with incisions.

> Like . . . . a signet thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel.

Ex. xxviii. 11.

3. To form or represent by means of incisions upon wood, stone, metal, or the like; as, to engrave an inscription.

4. To impress deeply; to infix, as if with a graver.

> Engrave principles in men's minds.

Locke.

En*graved" (?), a. 1. Made by engraving or ornamented with engraving.

2. (Zoöl.) Having the surface covered with irregular, impressed lines.

En*grave"ment (?), n. 1. Engraving.

2. Engraved work. [R.] Barrow.

En*grav"er (?), n. One who engraves; a person whose business it is to produce engraved work, especially on metal or wood.

En*grav"er*y (?), n. The trade or work of an engraver. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

En*grav"ing, n. 1. The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or raised patterns, characters, lines, and the like; especially, the art of producing such lines, etc., in the surface of metal plates or blocks of wood. Engraving is used for the decoration of the surface itself; also, for producing an original, from which a pattern or design may be printed on paper.

2. That which is engraved; an engraved plate.

3. An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or other material; a print.

Engraving on wood is called xylography; on copper, chalcography; on stone lithography. Engravings or prints take from wood blocks are usually called wood cuts, those from stone, lithographs.

En*greg"ge (?), v. t. [OF. engregier, from (assumed) LL. ingreviare; in + (assumed) grevis heavy, for L. gravis. Cf. Aggravate.] To aggravate; to make worse; to lie heavy on. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*grieve" (?), v. t. To grieve. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*gross" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engrossing.] [F., fr. pref. en- (L. in) + gros gross, grosse, n., an engrossed document: cf. OF. engrossir, engroissier, to make thick, large, or gross. See Gross.] 1. To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or quantity. [Obs.]

> Waves . . . engrossed with mud.

Spenser.

> Not sleeping, to engross his idle body.

Shak.

2. To amass. [Obs.]

> To engross up glorious deeds on my behalf.

Shak.

3. To copy or write in a large hand (en gross, i. e., in large); to write a fair copy of in distinct and legible characters; as, to engross a deed or like instrument on parchment.

> Some period long past, when clerks engrossed their stiff and formal chirography on more substantial materials.

Hawthorne.

> Laws that may be engrossed on a finger nail.

De Quincey.

4. To seize in the gross; to take the whole of; to occupy wholly; to absorb; as, the subject engrossed all his thoughts.

5. To purchase either the whole or large quantities of, for the purpose of enhancing the price and making a profit; hence, to take or assume in undue quantity, proportion, or degree; as, to engross commodities in market; to engross power.

Engrossed bill (Legislation), one which has been plainly engrossed on parchment, with all its amendments, preparatory to final action on its passage. -- Engrossing hand (Penmanship), a fair, round style of writing suitable for engrossing legal documents, legislative bills, etc.

Syn. -- To absorb; swallow up; imbibe; consume; exhaust; occupy; forestall; monopolize. See Absorb.

En*gross"er (?), n. 1. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters.

2. One who takes the whole; a person who purchases such quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price; a forestaller. Locke.

En*gross"ment (?), n. 1. The act of engrossing; as, the engrossment of a deed.

> Engrossments of power and favor.

Swift.

2. That which has been engrossed, as an instrument, legislative bill, goods, etc.

En*guard" (?), v. t. To surround as with a guard. [Obs.] Shak.

En*gulf" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engulfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engulfing.] [Pref. en- + gulf: cf. OF. engolfer. Cf. Ingulf.] To absorb or swallow up as in a gulf.

> It quite engulfs all human thought.

Young.

Syn. -- See Absorb.

En*gulf"ment (?), n. A swallowing up as if in a gulf. [R.]

En*gyn" (?). Variant of Engine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*ha"lo (?), v. t. To surround with a halo.

En*hance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enhanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enhancing (?).] [Norm. F. enhauncer, enhaucer, OF. enhaleier, enhaucier; pref. en- (L. in) + haucier to lift, raise up, from an assumed L. altiare, fr. L. altus high; cf. Pr. enansar, enanzar, to advance, exalt, and E. advance. See Altitude, and cf. Hawser.] 1. To raise or lift up; to exalt. [Obs.] Wyclif.

> Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand enhanced.

Spenser.

2. To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make more costly or attractive; as, to enhance the price of commodities; to enhance beauty or kindness; hence, also, to render more heinous; to aggravate; as, to enhance crime.

> The reputation of ferocity enhanced the value of their services, in making them feared as well as hated.

Southey.

En*hance", v. i. To be raised up; to grow larger; as, a debt enhances rapidly by compound interest.

En*hance"ment (?), n. The act of increasing, or state of being increased; augmentation; aggravation; as, the enhancement of value, price, enjoyments, crime.

En*han"cer (?), n. One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount, price, etc.

En*har"bor (?), v. t. To find harbor or safety in; to dwell in or inhabit. W. Browne.

En*hard"en (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + harden: cf. F. enhardir to embolden.] To harden; to embolden. [Obs.] Howell.

{ En`har*mon"ic (n`hr*mn"k), En`har*mon"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [Gr. 'enarmoniko`s, 'enarmo`nios fitting, accordant; 'en in + "armoni`a harmony: cf. F. enharmonique.]

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1. (Anc. Mus.) Of or pertaining to that one of the three kinds of musical scale (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic) recognized by the ancient Greeks, which consisted of quarter tones and major thirds, and was regarded as the most accurate.

2. (Mus.) (a) Pertaining to a change of notes to the eye, while, as the same keys are used, the instrument can mark no difference to the ear, as the substitution of A for G. (b) Pertaining to a scale of perfect intonation which recognizes all the notes and intervals that result from the exact tuning of diatonic scales and their transposition into other keys.

En`har*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the enharmonic style or system; in just intonation.

En*heart"en (?), v. t. To give heart to; to fill with courage; to embolden.

> The enemy exults and is enheartened.

I. Taylor.

En*hedge" (?), v. t. To surround as with a hedge. [R.] Vicars.

En*hort" (?), v. t. [OF. enhorter, enorter, L. inhortari. Cf. Exhort.] To encourage. [Obs.] "To enhort the people." Chaucer.

En*hun"ger (?), v. t. To make hungry.

> Those animal passions which vice had . . . enhungered to feed on innocence and life.

J. Martineau.

||En*hy"dros (?), n. [NL. See Enhydrous.] (Min.) A variety of chalcedony containing water.

En*hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?; water.] Having water within; containing fluid drops; -- said of certain crystals.

E*nig"ma (*ng"m), n.; pl. enigmas (- mz). [L. aenigma, Gr. a'i`nigma, fr. a'ini`ssesqai to speak darkly, fr. a'i^nos tale, fable.] 1. A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed.

> A custom was among the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals.

Pope.

2. An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; as, his conduct is an enigma.

{ E`nig*mat"ic (?; 277), E`nig*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. énigmatique.] Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; as, an enigmatical answer.

E`nig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. Darkly; obscurely.

E*nig"ma*tist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] One who makes, or talks in, enigmas. Addison.

E*nig"ma*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Enigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enigmatizing (?).] To make, or talk in, enigmas; to deal in riddles.

{ E*nig`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), E*nig`ma*tol"o*gy (?), } n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, an enigma + - graphy, -logy.] The art of making or of solving enigmas.

En*isled" (?), p. a. Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an island. [R.] "In the sea of life enisled." M. Arnold.

En*jail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjailing.] [Pref. en- + jail. Cf. Engaol.] To put into jail; to imprison. [R.] Donne.

En*join" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoining.] [F. enjoindre, L. injungere to join into, charge, enjoin; in + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Injunction.] 1. To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge.

> High matter thou enjoin'st me.

Milton.

> I am enjoined by oath to observe three things.

Shak.

2. (Law) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree; to put an injunction on.

> This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs.

Kent.

Enjoin has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of command; as, the duties enjoined by God in the moral law. "This word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command." Johnson.

En*join", v. t. To join or unite. [Obs.] Hooker.

En*join"er (?), n. One who enjoins.

En*join"ment (?), n. Direction; command; authoritative admonition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

En*joy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enjoyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enjoying.] [OF. enjoier to receive with joy; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. joie joy: cf. OF. enjoir to enjoy. See Joy.] 1. To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be delighted with; as, to enjoy the dainties of a feast; to enjoy conversation.

2. To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or have the benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable; as, to enjoy a free constitution and religious liberty.

> That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers.

Num. xxxvi. 8.

> To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season.

Heb. xi. 25.

3. To have sexual intercourse with. Milton.

To enjoy one's self, to feel pleasure; to be happy.

En*joy", v. i. To take satisfaction; to live in happiness. [R.] Milton.

En*joy"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enjoyed or of giving joy; yielding enjoyment. Milton.

En*joy"er (?), n. One who enjoys.

En*joy"ment (?), n. 1. The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; as, the enjoyment of an estate.

2. That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction.

> The hope of everlasting enjoyments.

Glanvill.

Syn. -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness; felicity; delight.

En*ken"nel (?), v. t. To put into a kennel.

En*ker"chiefed (?), a. Bound with a kerchief; draped; hooded; covered. Milton.

> That soft, enkerchiefed hair.

M. Arnold.

En*kin"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enkindled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enkindling (?).] 1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle. Shak.

2. To excite; to rouse into action; to incite.

> To enkindle the enthusiasm of an artist.

Talfourd.

En*lace" (?), v. t. To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle.

> Ropes of pearl her neck and breast enlace.

P. Fletcher.

En*lace"ment (?), n. The act of enlacing, or state of being enlaced; a surrounding as with a lace.

En*lard" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + lard: cf. OF. enlarder to put on the spit, Pr. & Sp. enlardar to rub with grease, baste.] To cover or dress with lard or grease; to fatten. Shak.

En*large" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlarged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enlarging (?).] [OF. enlargier; pref. en- (L. in) + F. large wide. See Large.] 1. To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits; to magnify; as, the body is enlarged by nutrition; to enlarge one's house.

> To enlarge their possessions of land.

Locke.

2. To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope or greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy, affection, and the like; as, knowledge enlarges the mind.

> O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is enlarged.

2 Cor. vi. 11.

3. To set at large or set free. [Archaic]

> It will enlarge us from all restraints.

Barrow.

Enlarging hammer, a hammer with a slightly rounded face of large diameter; -- used by gold beaters. Knight. -- To enlarge an order or rule (Law), to extend the time for complying with it. Abbott. -- To enlarge one's self, to give free vent to speech; to spread out discourse. "They enlarged themselves on this subject." Clarendon. -- To enlarge the heart, to make free, liberal, and charitable.

Syn. -- To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment; magnify. See Increase.

En*large", v. i. 1. To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; as, a plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction.

2. To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate; to dilate.

> To enlarge upon this theme.

M. Arnold.

3. (Naut.) To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's course; to draw aft; -- said of the wind.

En*larged" (?), a. Made large or larger; extended; swollen. -- En*lar"ged*ly (#), adv. -- En*lar"ged*ness, n.

En*large"ment (?), n. 1. The act of increasing in size or bulk, real or apparent; the state of being increased; augmentation; further extension; expansion.

2. Expansion or extension, as of the powers of the mind; ennoblement, as of the feelings and character; as, an enlargement of views, of knowledge, of affection.

3. A setting at large, or being set at large; release from confinement, servitude, or distress; liberty.

> Give enlargement to the swain.

Shak.

4. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; expatiation; a wide range of discourse or argument.

> An enlargement upon the vices and corruptions that were got into the army.

Clarendon.

En*lar"ger (?), n. One that enlarges.

En*lay" (?), v. t. See Inlay.

En*length"en (?), v. t. To lengthen. [Obs.]

En*lev"en (?), n. Eleven. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*light" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + light. Cf. Enlighten.] To illumine; to enlighten. [R.]

> Which from the first has shone on ages past,
> Enlights the present, and shall warm the last.

Pope.

En*light"en (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + lighten: cf. AS. inlhtan. Cf. Enlight.] 1. To supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun enlightens the earth.

> His lightnings enlightened the world.

Ps. xcvii. 4.

2. To make clear to the intellect or conscience; to shed the light of truth and knowledge upon; to furnish with increase of knowledge; to instruct; as, to enlighten the mind or understanding.

> The conscience enlightened by the Word and Spirit of God.

Trench.

En*light"en*er (?), n. One who enlightens or illuminates; one who, or that which, communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind.

En*light"en*ment (?), n. Act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or instructed.

En*limn" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + limn. Cf. Enlumine, Illuminate.] To adorn by illuminating or ornamenting with colored and decorated letters and figures, as a book or manuscript. [R.] Palsgrave.

En*link" (?), v. t. To chain together; to connect, as by links. Shak.

En*list" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enlisting.] 1. To enter on a list; to enroll; to register.

2. To engage for military or naval service, the name being entered on a list or register; as, to enlist men.

3. To secure the support and aid of; to employ in advancing interest; as, to enlist persons in the cause of truth, or in a charitable enterprise.

En*list", v. i. 1. To enroll and bind one's self for military or naval service; as, he enlisted in the regular army; the men enlisted for the war.

2. To enter heartily into a cause, as if enrolled.

En*list"ment (?), n. 1. The act or enlisting, or the state of being enlisted; voluntary enrollment to serve as a soldier or a sailor.

2. The writing by which an enlisted man is bound.

En*live" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + live, a.] To enliven. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

En*liv"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enlivened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enlivening (?).] [Pref. en- + liven.]. 1. To give life, action, or motion to; to make vigorous or active; to excite; to quicken; as, fresh fuel enlivens a fire.

> Lo! of themselves th' enlivened chessmen move.

Cowley.

2. To give spirit or vivacity to; to make sprightly, gay, or cheerful; to animate; as, mirth and good humor enliven a company; enlivening strains of music.

Syn. -- To animate; rouse; inspire; cheer; encourage; comfort; exhilarate; inspirit; invigorate.

En*liv"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, enlivens, animates, or invigorates.

En*lock" (?), v. t. To lock; to inclose.

En*lu"mine (?), v. t. [F. enluminer; pref. en- (L. in) + L. luminare to light up, illumine. See Illuminate, and cf. Limn.] To illumine. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*lute" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + L. lutum mud, clay.] To coat with clay; to lute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||En`man`ché" (?), a. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + manche sleeve.] (Her.) Resembling, or covered with, a sleeve; -- said of the chief when lines are drawn from the middle point of the upper edge upper edge to the sides.

En*mar"ble (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + marble.] To make hard as marble; to harden. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*mesh" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, meshes. Shak.

> My doubts enmesh me if I try.

Lowell.

En*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew.

En*mist" (?), v. t. To infold, as in a mist.

En"mi*ty (?), n.; pl. Enmities (#). [OE. enemyte, fr. enemy: cf. F. inimitié, OF. enemistié. See Enemy, and cf. Amity.] 1. The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.

> No ground of enmity between us known.

Milton.

2. A state of opposition; hostility.

> The friendship of the world is enmity with God.

James iv. 4.

Syn. -- Rancor; hostility; hatred; aversion; antipathy; repugnance; animosity; ill will; malice; malevolence. See Animosity, Rancor.

En*mossed" (?; 115), a. [Pref. en- + moss.] Covered with moss; mossed. Keats.

En*move" (?), v. t. See Emmove. [Obs.]

En*muf"fle (?), v. t. To muffle up.

En*mure" (?), v. t. To immure. [Obs.]

En*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. 'enne`a nine.] (Zoöl.) The ninth segment in insects.

En"ne*ad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. 'enne`a nine.] The number nine or a group of nine.

The Enneads, the title given to the works of the philosopher Plotinus, published by his pupil Porphyry; -- so called because each of the six books into which it is divided contains nine chapters.

En"ne*a*gon (?; 277), n. [Gr. 'enne`a nine + gwni`a corner, angle: cf. ennéagone.] (Geom.) A polygon or plane figure with nine sides and nine angles; a nonagon.

En`ne*ag"o*nal (?), a. (Geom.) Belonging to an enneagon; having nine angles.

En`ne*ag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. 'enne`a nine + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) Having or producing nine pistils or styles; -- said of a flower or plant.

En`ne*a*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. 'enne`a nine + &?; side.] (Geom.) Having nine sides.

{ En`ne*a*he"dri*a (?), En`ne*a*he"dron (?), } n. (Geom.) A figure having nine sides; a nonagon.

||En`ne*an"dri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'enne`a nine + 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man, male: cf. F. ennéandrie.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having nine stamens.

{ En`ne*an"dri*an (?), En`ne*an"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having nine stamens.

En`ne*a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. 'enne`a nine + E. petalous: cf. F. ennéapétale.] (Bot.) Having nine petals, or flower leaves.

En`ne*a*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. 'enne`a + spe`rma seed.] (Bot.) Having nine seeds; -- said of fruits.

{ En`ne*at"ic (?), En`ne*at"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. 'enne`a nine.] Occurring once in every nine times, days, years, etc.; every ninth.

Enneatical day, every ninth day of a disease. -- Enneatical year, every ninth year of a man's life.

En*new" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + new. Cf. Innovate.] To make new. [Obs.] Skelton.

En*niche" (?), v. t. To place in a niche. Sterne.

En*no"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ennobled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ennobling (?).] [Pref. en- + noble: cf. F. ennoblir.] 1. To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or excellence; to dignify. "Ennobling all that he touches." Trench.

> What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards?
> Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards.

Pope.

2. To raise to the rank of nobility; as, to ennoble a commoner.

Syn. -- To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize.

En*no"ble*ment, n. 1. The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or advancing to nobility. Bacon.

2. That which ennobles; excellence; dignity.

En*no"bler (?), n. One who ennobles.

||En`nui" (?), n. [F., fr. L. in odio in hatred. See Annoy.] A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium. T. Gray.

||En`nuy`é" (?), a. [F., p. p. of ennuyer. See Ennui.] Affected with ennui; weary in spirits; emotionally exhausted.

||En`nuy`é", n. [F.] One who is affected with ennui.

||En`nuy`ée" (?), n. [F.] A woman affected with ennui. Mrs. Jameson.

E*nod"al (?), a. (Bot.) Without a node. Gray.

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En`o*da"tion (?), n. [L. enodatio explanation, fr. enodare to free from knots. See Enode.] The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying; hence, also, the solution of a difficulty. [R.] Bailey.

E*node" (?), v. t. [L. enodare; e out + nodare to fill with knots, nodus a knot.] To clear of knots; to make clear. [Obs.] Cockeram.

E*noint" (?), a. Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

E*nom"o*tarch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; leader. See Enomoty.] (Gr. Antiq.) The commander of an enomoty. Mitford.

E*nom"o*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; sworn; &?; in + &?; to swear.] (Gr. Antiq.) A band of sworn soldiers; a division of the Spartan army ranging from twenty- five to thirty-six men, bound together by oath.

||En"o*pla (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; armed; &?; in + &?;, pl., armor.] (Zoöl.) One of the orders of Nemertina, characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.

En*op"to*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; visible in (a thing) + -mancy.] Divination by the use of a mirror.

E*norm" (?), a. [Cf. F. énorme. See Enormous.] Enormous. [Obs.] Spenser.

E*nor"mi*ty (?), n.; pl. Enormities (#). [L. enormitas, fr. enormis enormous: cf. F. énormité. See Enormous.] 1. The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous.

> The enormity of his learned acquisitions.

De Quincey.

2. That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense against order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; an atrocity.

> These clamorous enormities which are grown too big and strong for law or shame.

South.

E*nor"mous (?), a. [L. enormis enormous, out of rule; e out + norma rule: cf. F. énorme. See Normal.] 1. Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due proportion; inordinate; abnormal. "Enormous bliss." Milton. "This enormous state." Shak. "The hoop's enormous size." Jenyns.

> Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait.

Milton.

2. Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; as, an enormous crime.

> That detestable profession of a life so enormous.

Bale.

Syn. -- Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious; monstrous. -- Enormous, Immense, Excessive. We speak of a thing as enormous when it overpasses its ordinary law of existence or far exceeds its proper average or standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- abnormal in its magnitude, degree, etc.; as, a man of enormous strength; a deed of enormous wickedness. Immense expresses somewhat indefinitely an immeasurable quantity or extent. Excessive is applied to what is beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in an evil; as, enormous size; an enormous crime; an immense expenditure; the expanse of ocean is immense. "Excessive levity and indulgence are ultimately excessive rigor." V. Knox. "Complaisance becomes servitude when it is excessive." La Rochefoucauld (Trans).

E*nor"mous*ly, adv. In an enormous degree.

E*nor"mous*ness, n. The state of being enormous.

En*or"tho*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?; in + &?; upright, correct + &?; to turn.] An optical toy; a card on which confused or imperfect figures are drawn, but which form to the eye regular figures when the card is rapidly revolved. See Thaumatrope.

E*nough" (*nf"), a. [OE. inoh, inow, enogh, AS. genh, geng, a. & adv. (akin to OS. ging, D. genoeg, OHG. ginoug, G. genug, Icel. gngr, Sw. nog, Dan. nok, Goth. ganhs), fr. geneah it suffices (akin to Goth. ganah); pref. ge- + a root akin to L. nancisci to get, Skr. naç, Gr. 'enegkei^n to carry.] Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want; sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the noun to which it belongs.

> How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare!

Luke xv. 17.

E*nough", adv. 1. In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction; sufficiently.

2. Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as, he is ready enough to embrace the offer.

> I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio.

Shak.

> Thou knowest well enough . . . that this is no time to lend money.

Shak.

3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is desired; as, the song was well enough.

Enough usually follows the word it modifies.

E*nough", n. A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had enough to do take care of himself. "Enough is as good as a feast."

> And Esau said, I have enough, my brother.

Gen. xxxiii. 9.

E*nough", interj. An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of it is enough.

E*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enouncing (?).] [F. énoncer, L. enuntiare; e out + nuntiare to announce, fr. nuntius messenger. See Nuncio, and cf. Enunciate.] 1. To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or argument. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. To utter; to articulate.

> The student should be able to enounce these [sounds] independently.

A. M. Bell.

E*nounce"ment (?), n. Act of enouncing; that which is enounced.

E*now" (?). A form of Enough. [Archaic] Shak.

En*pa"tron (?), v. t. To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize. [Obs.] Shak.

En*pierce" (?), v. t. [See Empierce.] To pierce. [Obs.] Shak.

En*quere" (?), v. i. To inquire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*quick"en (?), v. t. To quicken; to make alive. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

En*quire" (?), v. i. & t. See Inquire.

En*quir"er (?), n. See Inquirer.

En*quir"y (?), n. See Inquiry.

En*race" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + race lineage.] To enroot; to implant. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*rage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enraging (?).] [F. enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (L. in) + rage rage. See Rage.] To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make furious.

Syn. -- To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke; anger; madden; infuriate.

En*rage"ment (?), n. Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement. [Obs.]

En*range" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + range. Cf. Enrank, Arrange.] 1. To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To rove over; to range. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*rank" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + rank.] To place in ranks or in order. [R.] Shak.

En*rapt" (?), p. a. [Pref. en- + rapt. Cf. Enravish.] Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured. Shak.

En*rap"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraptured (?; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrapturing.] To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to enravish. Shenstone.

En*rav"ish (?), v. t. To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate. Spenser.

En*rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. So as to throw into ecstasy.

En*rav"ish*ment (?), n. The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy; rapture. Glanvill.

En*reg"is*ter (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + register: cf. F. enregistrer. Cf. Inregister.] To register; to enroll or record; to inregister.

> To read enregistered in every nook
> His goodness, which His beauty doth declare.

Spenser.

En*rheum" (?), v. i. [Pref. en- + rheum: cf. F. s'enrhumer.] To contract a rheum. [Obs.] Harvey.

En*rich" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enriched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enriching.] [F. enrichir; pref. en- (L. in) + riche rich. See Rich.] 1. To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent; to increase the possessions of; as, to enrich the understanding with knowledge.

> Seeing, Lord, your great mercy
> Us hath enriched so openly.

Chaucer's Dream.

2. To supply with ornament; to adorn; as, to enrich a ceiling by frescoes.

3. To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the soil; as, to enrich land by irrigation.

4. To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said of the mind. Sir W. Raleigh.

En*rich"er (?), n. One who enriches.

En*rich"ment (?), n. The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration; embellishment.

En*ridge" (?), v. t. To form into ridges. Shak.

En*ring" (?), v. t. To encircle. [R.]

> The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes,
> Enringed a billowing fountain in the midst.

Tennyson.

En*rip"en (?), v. t. To ripen. [Obs.] Donne.

En*rive" (?), v. t. To rive; to cleave. [Obs.]

En*robe" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + robe: cf. OF. enrober.] To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire.

En*rock"ment (?), n. [Pref. en- + rock.] A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form bases of piers, breakwaters, etc.

En*roll" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrolling.] [Pref. en- + roll: cf. F. enrôler; pref. en- (L. in) + rôle roll or register. See Roll, n.] [Written also enrol.] 1. To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist.

> An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not enrolling.

Milton.

> All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves.

Prescott.

2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*roll"er (?), n. One who enrolls or registers.

En*roll"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. enrôlement.] [Written also enrolment.] 1. The act of enrolling; registration. Holland.

2. A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record. Sir J. Davies.

En*root" (?), v. t. To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep. Shak.

En*round" (?), v. t. To surround. [Obs.] Shak.

||En` route" (?). [F.] On the way or road.

||Ens (?), n. [L., ens, entis, a thing. See Entity.] 1. (Metaph.) Entity, being, or existence; an actually existing being; also, God, as the Being of Beings.

2. (Chem.) Something supposed to condense within itself all the virtues and qualities of a substance from which it is extracted; essence. [Obs.]

En*safe" (n*sf"), v. t. To make safe. [Obs.] Hall.

En*sam"ple (?), n. [OF. ensample, essample, F. exemple. See Example.] An example; a pattern or model for imitation. [Obs.] Tyndale.

> Being ensamples to the flock.

1 Pet. v. 3.

En*sam"ple (?), v. t. To exemplify, to show by example. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*san"guine (?), v. t. To stain or cover with blood; to make bloody, or of a blood-red color; as, an ensanguined hue. "The ensanguined field." Milton.

En"sate (?), a. [NL. ensatus, fr. L. ensis sword.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having sword-shaped leaves, or appendages; ensiform.

En*scale" (?), v. t. To cover with scales.

En*sched"ule (?; 135), v. t. To insert in a schedule. See Schedule. [R.] Shak.

En*sconce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensconced (?); imp. & p. p. Ensconcing (?).] To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or hide securely; to conceal.

> She shall not see me: I will ensconce me behind the arras.

Shak.

En*seal" (n*sl"), v. t. To impress with a seal; to mark as with a seal; hence, to ratify. [Obs.]

> This deed I do enseal.

Piers Plowman.

En*seam" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + seam suture. Cf. Inseam.] To sew up; to inclose by a seam; hence, to include; to contain. Camden.

En*seam", v. t. [Pref. en- + seam grease.] To cover with grease; to defile; to pollute. [Obs.]

> In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed.

Shak.

En*sear" (?), v. t. To sear; to dry up. [Obs.]

> Ensear thy fertile and conceptious womb.

Shak.

En*search" (?), v. i. [OF. encerchier. See Search.] To make search; to try to find something. [Obs.] -- v. t. To search for. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

En*seel" (n*sl"), v. t. To close eyes of; to seel; -- said in reference to a hawk. [Obs.]

En*seint" (n*snt"), a. (Law) With child; pregnant. See Enceinte. [Obs.]

||En`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] The whole; all the parts taken together.

||En`sem"ble, adv. [F.] All at once; together.

En*shel"ter (?), v. t. To shelter. [Obs.]

En*shield" (?), v. t. To defend, as with a shield; to shield. [Archaic] Shak.

En*shield", a. Shielded; enshielded. [Obs.] Shak.

En*shrine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enshrined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enshrining.] To inclose in a shrine or chest; hence, to preserve or cherish as something sacred; as, to enshrine something in memory.

> We will enshrine it as holy relic.

Massinger.

En*shroud" (?), v. t. To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to shroud. Churchill.

En*sif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ensifer; ensis sword + ferre to bear: cf. F. ensifère.] Bearing a sword.

En"si*form (?), a. [L. ensis sword + -form: cf. F. ensiforme.] Having the form of a sword blade; sword-shaped; as, an ensiform leaf.

Ensiform cartilage, ∧ Ensiform process. (Anat.) See Xiphisternum.

En"sign (?), n. [L. enseigne, L. insignia, pl. of insigne a distinctive mark, badge, flag; in + signum mark, sign. See Sign, and cf. Insignia, 3d Ancient.] 1. A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or a banner indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a body of soldiers; -- as distinguished from flags indicating divisions of the army, rank of naval officers, or private signals, and the like.

> Hang up your ensigns, let your drums be still.

Shak.

2. A signal displayed like a standard, to give notice.

> He will lift an ensign to the nations from far.

Is. v. 26.

3. Sign; badge of office, rank, or power; symbol.

> The ensigns of our power about we bear.

Waller.

4. (a) Formerly, a commissioned officer of the army who carried the ensign or flag of a company or regiment. (b) A commissioned officer of the lowest grade in the navy, corresponding to the grade of second lieutenant in the army. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

In the British army the rank of ensign was abolished in 1871. In the United States army the rank is not recognized; the regimental flags being carried by a sergeant called the color sergeant.

Ensign bearer, one who carries a flag; an ensign.

En"sign, v. t. 1. To designate as by an ensign. [Obs.]

> Henry but joined the roses that ensigned
> Particular families.

B. Jonson.

2. To distinguish by a mark or ornament; esp. (Her.), by a crown; thus, any charge which has a crown immediately above or upon it, is said to be ensigned.

En"sign*cy (?; 277), n.; pl. Ensigncies (&?;). The rank or office of an ensign.

En"sign*ship, n. The state or rank of an ensign.

En"si*lage (?), n. [F.; pref. en- (L. in) + silo. See Silo.] 1. The process of preserving fodder (such as cornstalks, rye, oats, millet, etc.) by compressing it while green and fresh in a pit or vat called a silo, where it is kept covered from the air; as, the ensilage of fodder.

2. The fodder preserved in a silo.

En"si*lage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensilaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ensilaging (?).] To preserve in a silo; as, to ensilage cornstalks.

En*sky" (?), v. t. To place in the sky or in heaven. [R.] "A thing enskied and sainted." Shak.

En*slave" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enslaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enslaving.] To reduce to slavery; to make a slave of; to subject to a dominant influence.

> The conquer'd, also, and enslaved by war,
> Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose.

Milton.

> Pleasure admitted in undue degree
> Enslaves the will.

Cowper.

En*slav"ed*ness (?), n. State of being enslaved.

En*slave"ment (?), n. The act of reducing to slavery; state of being enslaved; bondage; servitude.

> A fresh enslavement to their enemies.

South.

<! p. 496 !>

En*slav"er (?), n. One who enslaves. Swift.

En*snare" (?), v. t. To catch in a snare. See Insnare.

En*snarl" (?), v. t. To entangle. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*so"ber (?), v. t. To make sober. [Obs.]

> Sad accidents to ensober his spirits.

Jer. Taylor.

En*soul" (?), v. t. To indue or imbue (a body) with soul. [R.] Emerson.

En*sphere" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + sphere. Cf. Insphere.] 1. To place in a sphere; to envelop.

> His ample shoulders in a cloud ensphered.

Chapman.

2. To form into a sphere.

En*stamp" (?), v. t. To stamp; to mark as with a stamp; to impress deeply.

> It is the motive . . . which enstamps the character.

Gogan.

En*state" (?), v. t. See Instate.

En"sta*tite (?), n. [Named fr. Gr. &?; an adversary, because infusible before the blowpipe.] (Min.) A mineral of the pyroxene group, orthorhombic in crystallization; often fibrous and massive; color grayish white or greenish. It is a silicate of magnesia with some iron. Bronzite is a ferriferous variety.

En`sta*tit"ic (?), a. Relating to enstatite.

En*store" (?), v. t. [See Instaurate.] To restore. [Obs.] Wyclif.

En*style" (?), v. t. To style; to name. [Obs.]

En*su"a*ble (?), a. Ensuing; following.

En*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ensued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ensuing.] [OF. ensevre, OF. & F. ensuivre, fr. L. insequi; in + sequi to pursue. See Sue.] To follow; to pursue; to follow and overtake. [Obs.] "Seek peace, and ensue it." 1 Pet. iii. 11.

> To ensue his example in doing the like mischief.

Golding.

En*sue", v. i. To follow or come afterward; to follow as a consequence or in chronological succession; to result; as, an ensuing conclusion or effect; the year ensuing was a cold one.

> So spoke the Dame, but no applause ensued.

Pope.

> Damage to the mind or the body, or to both, ensues, unless the exciting cause be presently removed.

I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To follow; pursue; succeed. See Follow.

En*sure" (?), v. t. 1. To make sure. See Insure.

2. To betroth. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

En*sur"er (?), n. See Insurer.

En*swathe" (?), v. t. To swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes. Shak.

En*swathe"ment (?), n. The act of enswathing, or the state of being enswathed.

En*sweep" (?), v. t. To sweep over or across; to pass over rapidly. [R.] Thomson.

Ent- (?). A prefix signifying within. See Ento-.

-ent (?). [F. -ent, L. -ens, - entis.] An adjective suffix signifying action or being; as, corrodent, excellent, emergent, continent, quiescent. See - ant.

En*tab"la*ture (?; 135), n. [OF. entablature: cf. It intavolatura, fr. LL. intabulare to construct a basis; L. in + tabulatum board work, flooring, fr. tabula. See Table.] (Arch.) The superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns. See Illust. of Column, Cornice.

It is commonly divided into architrave, the part immediately above the column; frieze, the central space; and cornice, the upper projecting moldings. Parker.

En*tab"le*ment (?), n. [F. entablement, LL. intabulamentum.] See Entablature. [R.] Evelyn.

En*tac"kle (?), v. t. To supply with tackle. [Obs.] Skelton.

En"tad (?), adv. [Ent- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the inside or central part; away from the surface; -- opposed to ectad. B. G. Wilder.

En*tail" (?), n. [OE. entaile carving, OF. entaille, F., an incision, fr. entailler to cut away; pref. en- (L. in) + tailler to cut; LL. feudum talliatum a fee entailed, i. e., curtailed or limited. See Tail limitation, Tailor.] 1. That which is entailed. Hence: (Law) (a) An estate in fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular class of issue. (b) The rule by which the descent is fixed.

> A power of breaking the ancient entails, and of alienating their estates.

Hume.

2. Delicately carved ornamental work; intaglio. [Obs.] "A work of rich entail." Spenser.

En*tail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Entailing.] [OE. entailen to carve, OF. entailler. See Entail, n.] 1. To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as an heritage.

> Allowing them to entail their estates.

Hume.

> I here entail
> The crown to thee and to thine heirs forever.

Shak.

2. To appoint hereditary possessor. [Obs.]

> To entail him and his heirs unto the crown.

Shak.

3. To cut or carve in an ornamental way. [Obs.]

> Entailed with curious antics.

Spenser.

En*tail"ment, n. 1. The act of entailing or of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent.

2. The condition of being entailed.

3. A thing entailed.

> Brutality as an hereditary entailment becomes an ever weakening force.

R. L. Dugdale.

En"tal (?), a. [See Ent-.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner; -- opposed to ectal. B. G. Wilder.

En*tame" (?), v. t. To tame. [Obs.] Shak.

En*tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entangling (?).] 1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated; to make tangled, confused, and intricate; as, to entangle yarn or the hair.

2. To involve in such complications as to render extrication a bewildering difficulty; hence, metaphorically, to insnare; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle; as, to entangle the feet in a net, or in briers. "Entangling alliances." Washington.

> The difficulties that perplex men's thoughts and entangle their understandings.

Locke.

> Allowing her to entangle herself with a person whose future was so uncertain.

Froude.

En*tan"gle*ment (?), n. State of being entangled; intricate and confused involution; that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity.

En*tan"gler (?), n. One that entangles.

||En*ta"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Entasis.] (Med.) Tonic spasm; -- applied generically to denote any disease characterized by tonic spasms, as tetanus, trismus, etc.

||En"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a stretching; fr. &?;; &?; in + &?; to extend.] 1. (Arch.) A slight convex swelling of the shaft of a column.

2. (Med.) Same as Entasia.

En*tass"ment (?), n. [F. entassement, fr. entasser to heap up.] A heap; accumulation. [R.]

En*tas"tic (?), a. [Formed as if fr. (assumed) Gr. &?;. See Entasis.] (Med.) Relating to any disease characterized by tonic spasms.

En*tel"e*chy (?), n. [L. entelechia, Gr. &?;, prob. fr. &?; &?; &?; to be complete; &?; + &?; completion, end + &?; to have or hold.] (Peripatetic Philos.) An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in distinction from mere potential existence.

||En*tel"lus (?), n. [NL., the specific name, fr. Gr. &?; to command.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian long-tailed bearded monkey (Semnopithecus entellus) regarded as sacred by the natives. It is remarkable for the caplike arrangement of the hair on the head. Called also hoonoomaun and hungoor.

En*tend" (?), v. i. [F. entendre, fr. L. intendere. See Intend.] To attend to; to apply one's self to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*ten"der (?), v. t. 1. To make tender. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

2. To treat with tenderness. [R.] Young.

En*ten"tive (?), a. [OF. ententif.] Attentive; zealous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En"ter- (?). [F. entre between, fr. L. inter. See Inter-] A prefix signifying between, among, part.

En"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entering.] [OE. entren, enteren, F. entrer, fr. L. intrare, fr. intro inward, contr. fr. intero (sc. loco), fr. inter in between, between. See Inter-, In, and cf. Interior.] 1. To come or go into; to pass into the interior of; to pass within the outer cover or shell of; to penetrate; to pierce; as, to enter a house, a closet, a country, a door, etc.; the river enters the sea.

> That darksome cave they enter.

Spenser.

> I, . . . with the multitude of my redeemed,
> Shall enter heaven, long absent.

Milton.

2. To unite in; to join; to be admitted to; to become a member of; as, to enter an association, a college, an army.

3. To engage in; to become occupied with; as, to enter the legal profession, the book trade, etc.

4. To pass within the limits of; to attain; to begin; to commence upon; as, to enter one's teens, a new era, a new dispensation.

5. To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted; as, to enter a knife into a piece of wood, a wedge into a log; to enter a boy at college, a horse for a race, etc.

6. To inscribe; to enroll; to record; as, to enter a name, or a date, in a book, or a book in a catalogue; to enter the particulars of a sale in an account, a manifest of a ship or of merchandise at the customhouse.

7. (Law) (a) To go into or upon, as lands, and take actual possession of them. (b) To place in regular form before the court, usually in writing; to put upon record in proper from and order; as, to enter a writ, appearance, rule, or judgment. Burrill.

8. To make report of (a vessel or her cargo) at the customhouse; to submit a statement of (imported goods), with the original invoices, to the proper officer of the customs for estimating the duties. See Entry, 4.

9. To file or inscribe upon the records of the land office the required particulars concerning (a quantity of public land) in order to entitle a person to a right pf preëmption. [U.S.] Abbott.

10. To deposit for copyright the title or description of (a book, picture, map, etc.); as, "entered according to act of Congress."

11. To initiate; to introduce favorably. [Obs.] Shak.

En"ter, v. i. 1. To go or come in; -- often with in used pleonastically; also, to begin; to take the first steps. "The year entering." Evelyn.

> No evil thing approach nor enter in.

Milton.

> Truth is fallen in the street, and equity can not enter.

Is. lix. 14.

> For we which have believed do enter into rest.

Heb. iv. 3.

2. To get admission; to introduce one's self; to penetrate; to form or constitute a part; to become a partaker or participant; to share; to engage; -- usually with into; sometimes with on or upon; as, a ball enters into the body; water enters into a ship; he enters into the plan; to enter into a quarrel; a merchant enters into partnership with some one; to enter upon another's land; the boy enters on his tenth year; to enter upon a task; lead enters into the composition of pewter.

3. To penetrate mentally; to consider attentively; -- with into.

> He is particularly pleased with . . . Sallust for his entering into internal principles of action.

Addison.

En`ter*ad`e*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + &?; a gland + -graphy.] A treatise upon, or description of, the intestinal glands.

En`ter*ad`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + &?; a gland + -logy.] The science which treats of the glands of the alimentary canal.

||En`ter*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + &?; pain: cf. F. entéralgie.] (Med.) Pain in the intestines; colic.

En"ter*deal` (?), n. [Enter- + deal.] Mutual dealings; intercourse. [Obs.]

> The enterdeal of princes strange.

Spenser.

En"ter*er (?), n. One who makes an entrance or beginning. A. Seward.

En*ter"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Enteritis.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the enteron, or alimentary canal; intestinal.

Enteric fever (Med.), typhoid fever.

||En`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + -itis.] (Med.) An inflammation of the intestines. Hoblyn.

En`ter*lace" (?), v. t. See Interlace.

En`ter*mete" (?), v. i. [F. s'entremettre; entre between + mettre to place.] To interfere; to intermeddle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En"ter*mew`er (?), n. [Enter- + mew to molt.] (Zoöl.) A hawk gradually changing the color of its feathers, commonly in the second year.

En`ter*mise" (?), n. [F. entremise, fr. s'entremettre. See Entermete.] Mediation. [Obs.]

En"ter*o*cele` (?), n. [Gr. 'enterokh`lh; 'e`nteron an intestine + kh`lh tumor, hernia.] (Med.) A hernial tumor whose contents are intestine.

En"ter*o*cœle` (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + koi^lon a hollow.] (Anat.) A perivisceral cavity which arises as an outgrowth or outgrowths from the digestive tract; distinguished from a schizocœle, which arises by a splitting of the mesoblast of the embryo.

En`ter*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; an intestine + -graphy.] (Anat.) A treatise upon, or description of, the intestines; enterology.

En"ter*o*lith (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + -lith.] (Med.) An intestinal concretion.

En`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + -logy: cf. F. entérologie.] The science which treats of the viscera of the body.

||En"te*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine, fr. 'ento`s within.] (Anat.) The whole alimentary, or enteric, canal.

En`ter*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; intestine + &?; suffering.] (Med.) Disease of the intestines.

||En`te*rop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + &?; to breathe.] (Zoöl.) A group of wormlike invertebrates having, along the sides of the body, branchial openings for the branchial sacs, which are formed by diverticula of the alimentary canal. Balanoglossus is the only known genus. See Illustration in Appendix.

En`ter*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + &?; a sewing.] (Med.) The operation of sewing up a rent in the intestinal canal.

En"ter*o*tome (?), n. [F. entérotome. See Enterotomy.] (Med.) A kind of scissors used for opening the intestinal canal, as in post-mortem examinations.

En`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. 'e`nteron an intestine + te`mnein to cut.] (Med.) Incision of the intestines, especially in reducing certain cases of hernia.

En`ter*par"lance (?), n. Mutual talk or conversation; conference. [Obs.] Sir J. Hayward.

En`ter*plead" (?), v. i. Same as Interplead.

En"ter*prise (?), n. [F. enterprise, fr. entreprendre to undertake; entre between (L. inter) + prendre to take. See Inter, and Emprise.] 1. That which is undertaken; something attempted to be performed; a work projected which involves activity, courage, energy, and the like; a bold, arduous, or hazardous attempt; an undertaking; as, a manly enterprise; a warlike enterprise. Shak.

> Their hands can not perform their enterprise.

Job v. 12.

2. Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; as, a man of great enterprise.

En"ter*prise, v. t. 1. To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture upon. [R.]

> The business must be enterprised this night.

Dryden.

> What would I not renounce or enterprise for you!

T. Otway.

2. To treat with hospitality; to entertain. [Obs.]

> Him at the threshold met, and well did enterprise.

Spenser.

En"ter*prise, v. i. To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or difficult. [R.] Pope.

En"ter*pri`ser (?), n. One who undertakes enterprises. Sir J. Hayward.

En"ter*pri`sing (?), a. Having a disposition for enterprise; characterized by enterprise; resolute, active or prompt to attempt; as, an enterprising man or firm. -- En"ter*pri`sing*ly, adv.

En`ter*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entertaining.] [F. entretenir; entre between (L. inter) + tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Tenable.] 1. To be at the charges of; to take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbor; to keep.

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> You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred.

Shak.

2. To give hospitable reception and maintenance to; to receive at one's board, or into one's house; to receive as a guest.

> Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby some have entertained unawares.

Heb. xiii. 2.

3. To engage the attention of agreeably; to amuse with that which makes the time pass pleasantly; to divert; as, to entertain friends with conversation, etc.

> The weary time she can not entertain.

Shak.

4. To give reception to; to receive, in general; to receive and take into consideration; to admit, treat, or make use of; as, to entertain a proposal.

> I am not here going to entertain so large a theme as the philosophy of Locke.

De Quincey.

> A rumor gained ground, -- and, however absurd, was entertained by some very sensible people.

Hawthorne.

5. To meet or encounter, as an enemy. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with favor; to keep in the mind; to harbor; to cherish; as, to entertain sentiments.

7. To lead on; to bring along; to introduce. [Obs.]

> To baptize all nations, and entertain them into the services institutions of the holy Jesus.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To amuse; divert; maintain. See Amuse.

En`ter*tain" (?), v. i. To receive, or provide entertainment for, guests; as, he entertains generously.

En`ter*tain", n. [Cf. F. entretien, fr. entretenir.] Entertainment. [Obs.] Spenser.

En`ter*tain"er (?), n. One who entertains.

En`ter*tain"ing, a. Affording entertainment; pleasing; amusing; diverting. -- En`ter*tain"ing*ly, adv. -- En`ter*tain"ing*ness, n.

En`ter*tain"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. entretenement.] 1. The act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or cherishing; hospitable reception; also, reception or treatment, in general.

> The entertainment of Christ by faith.

Baxter.

> The sincere entertainment and practice of the precepts of the gospel.

Bp. Sprat.

2. That which entertains, or with which one is entertained; as: (a) Hospitality; hospitable provision for the wants of a guest; especially, provision for the table; a hospitable repast; a feast; a formal or elegant meal. (b) That which engages the attention agreeably, amuses or diverts, whether in private, as by conversation, etc., or in public, by performances of some kind; amusement.

> Theatrical entertainments conducted with greater elegance and refinement.

Prescott.

3. Admission into service; service.

> Some band of strangers in the adversary's entertainment.

Shak.

4. Payment of soldiers or servants; wages. [Obs.]

> The entertainment of the general upon his first arrival was but six shillings and eight pence.

Sir J. Davies.

Syn. -- Amusement; diversion; recreation; pastime; sport; feast; banquet; repast; carousal.

En`ter*take" (?), v. t. To entertain. [Obs.]

En`ter*tis"sued (?), a. Same as Intertissued.

{ En"the*al (?), En"the*an (?), } a. [Gr. &?; full of the god, inspired; &?; in + &?; god.] Divinely inspired; wrought up to enthusiasm. [Obs.]

En"the*asm (?), n. Inspiration; enthusiasm. [R.] "Religious entheasm." Byron.

En`the*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; inspired, fr. &?;, fr. &?;. See Entheal.] Of godlike energy; inspired. -- En`the*as"tic*al*ly (#), adv.

En"the*at (?), a. [Cf. L. entheatus, fr. Gr. &?;.] Divinely inspired. [Obs.] Drummond.

{ ||En`thel*min"tha (?), En`thel*min"thes (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?;, &?;, worm.] (Zoöl.) Intestinal worms. See Helminthes.

En*thet"ic (n*tht"k), a. [Gr. 'enqetiko`s fit for inserting; 'en in + tiqe`nai to place.] (Med.) Caused by a morbific virus implanted in the system; as, an enthetic disease like syphilis.

En*thrall" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + thrall. Cf. Inthrall.] [Written also enthral.] To hold in thrall; to enslave. See Inthrall.

> The bars survive the captive they enthrall.

Byron.

En*thrall"ment (?), n. The act of enthralling, or state of being enthralled. See Inthrallment.

En*thrill" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + thrill.] To pierce; to thrill. [Obs.] Sackville.

En*throne" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + throne: cf. OF. enthroner. Cf. Inthronize.] 1. To seat on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty or of high authority; hence, to invest with sovereign authority or dignity.

> Beneath a sculptured arch he sits enthroned.

Pope.

> It [mercy] is enthroned in the hearts of kings.

Shak.

2. (Eccl.) To induct, as a bishop, into the powers and privileges of a vacant see.

En*throne"ment (?), n. The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned. [Recent]

En*thron`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of enthroning; hence, the admission of a bishop to his stall or throne in his cathedral.

En*thron"ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enthronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enthronizing (?).] [See Inthronize.] To place on a throne; hence, to induct into office, as a bishop.

> There openly enthronized as the very elected king.

Knolles.

En*thuse" (?), v. t. & i. To make or become enthusiastic. [Slang]

En*thu"si*asm (?), n. [Gr. &?; , fr. &?; to be inspired or possessed by the god, fr. &?;, &?;, inspired: cf. enthousiasme. See Entheal, Theism.] 1. Inspiration as if by a divine or superhuman power; ecstasy; hence, a conceit of divine possession and revelation, or of being directly subject to some divine impulse.

> Enthusiasm is founded neither on reason nor divine revelation, but rises from the conceits of a warmed or overweening imagination.

Locke.

2. A state of impassioned emotion; transport; elevation of fancy; exaltation of soul; as, the poetry of enthusiasm.

> Resolutions adopted in enthusiasm are often repented of when excitement has been succeeded by the wearing duties of hard everyday routine.

Froude.

> Exhibiting the seeming contradiction of susceptibility to enthusiasm and calculating shrewdness.

Bancroft.

3. Enkindled and kindling fervor of soul; strong excitement of feeling on behalf of a cause or a subject; ardent and imaginative zeal or interest; as, he engaged in his profession with enthusiasm.

> Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.

Emerson.

4. Lively manifestation of joy or zeal.

> Philip was greeted with a tumultuous enthusiasm.

Prescott.

En*thu"si*ast (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. enthousiaste.] One moved or actuated by enthusiasm; as: (a) One who imagines himself divinely inspired, or possessed of some special revelation; a religious madman; a fanatic. (b) One whose mind is wholly possessed and heated by what engages it; one who is influenced by a peculiar; fervor of mind; an ardent and imaginative person.

> Enthusiasts soon understand each other.

W. Irving.

Syn. -- Visionary; fanatic; devotee; zealot.

{ En*thu`si*as"tic (?), En*thu`si*as"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; .] Filled with enthusiasm; characterized by enthusiasm; zealous; as, an enthusiastic lover of art. "Enthusiastical raptures." Calamy. -- En*thu`si*as"tic*al*ly, adv.

> A young man . . . of a visionary and enthusiastic character.

W. Irving.

En*thu`si*as"tic, n. An enthusiast; a zealot. [Obs.]

{ En`thy*me*mat"ic (?), En`thy*me*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to, or of the form of, an enthymeme.

En"thy*meme (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to keep in mind, consider; &?; in + &?; mind, soul.] (Logic) An argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and consequent deduced from it; a syllogism with one premise omitted; as, We are dependent; therefore we should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppressed. The complete syllogism would be, Dependent creatures should be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we should be humble.

En*tice" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enticing (?).] [OE. entisen, enticen, OF. enticier, entichier; pref. en- (L. in) + a word of uncertain origin, cf. OF. atisier to stir a fire, provoke, L. titio firebrand, or MHG. zicken to push.] To draw on, by exciting hope or desire; to allure; to attract; as, the bait enticed the fishes. Often in a bad sense: To lead astray; to induce to evil; to tempt; as, the sirens enticed them to listen.

> Roses blushing as they blow,
> And enticing men to pull.

Beau. & Fl.

> My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.

Prov. i. 10.

> Go, and thine erring brother gain,
> Entice him home to be forgiven.

Keble.

Syn. -- To allure; lure; coax; decoy; seduce; tempt; inveigle; incite; persuade; prevail on. See Allure.

En*tice"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enticed.

En*tice"ment (?), n. [OF. enticement.] 1. The act or practice of alluring or tempting; as, the enticements of evil companions.

2. That which entices, or incites to evil; means of allurement; alluring object; as, an enticement to sin.

Syn. -- Allurement; attraction; temptation; seduction; inveiglement; persuasion; inducement.

En*ti"cer (?), n. One who entices; one who incites or allures to evil. Burton.

En*ti"cing (?), a. That entices; alluring.

En*ti"cing*ly, adv. In an enticing manner; charmingly. "She . . . sings most enticingly." Addison.

En*tier"ty (?), n. See Entirety. [Obs.]

En*tire" (?), a. [F. entier, L. integer untouched, undiminished, entire; pref. in-, negative + the root of tangere to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Integer.] 1. Complete in all parts; undivided; undiminished; whole; full and perfect; not deficient; as, the entire control of a business; entire confidence, ignorance.

> That ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing.

James i. 4.

> With strength entire and free will armed.

Milton.

> One entire and perfect chrysolite.

Shak.

2. Without mixture or alloy of anything; unqualified; morally whole; pure; faithful.

> Pure fear and entire cowardice.

Shak.

> No man had ever a heart more entire to the king.

Clarendon.

3. (Bot.) (a) Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla. (b) Having an evenly continuous edge, as a leaf which has no kind of teeth.

4. Not gelded; -- said of a horse.

5. Internal; interior. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn. -- See Whole, and Radical.

En*tire", n. 1. Entirely. "Too long to print in entire." Thackeray.

2. (Brewing) A name originally given to a kind of beer combining qualities of different kinds of beer. [Eng.] "Foker's Entire." Thackeray.

En*tire"ly, adv. 1. In an entire manner; wholly; completely; fully; as, the trace is entirely lost.

> Euphrates falls not entirely into the Persian Sea.

Raleigh.

2. Without alloy or mixture; truly; sincerely.

> To highest God entirely pray.

Spenser.

En*tire"ness (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being entire; completeness; fullness; totality; as, the entireness of an arch or a bridge.

> This same entireness or completeness.

Trench.

2. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty. [R.]

> Entireness in preaching the gospel.

Udall.

3. Oneness; unity; -- applied to a condition of intimacy or close association. [Obs.]

> True Christian love may be separated from acquaintance, and acquaintance from entireness.

Bp. Hall.

En*tire"ty (?), n.; pl. Entireness (#). [OF. entiereté. Cf. Integrity.] 1. The state of being entire; completeness; as, entirely of interest. Blackstone.

2. That which is entire; the whole. Bacon.

En"ti*ta*tive (?), a. [See Entity.] Considered as pure entity; abstracted from all circumstances. Ellis. -- En"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv.

En*ti"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entitled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entitling (?).] [OF. entituler, F. intituler, LL. intitulare, fr. L. in + titulus title. See Title, and cf. Intitule.] 1. To give a title to; to affix to as a name or appellation; hence, also, to dignify by an honorary designation; to denominate; to call; as, to entitle a book "Commentaries;" to entitle a man "Honorable."

> That which . . . we entitle patience.

Shak.

2. To give a claim to; to qualify for, with a direct object of the person, and a remote object of the thing; to furnish with grounds for seeking or claiming with success; as, an officer's talents entitle him to command.

3. To attribute; to ascribe. [Obs.]

> The ancient proverb . . . entitles this work . . . peculiarly to God himself.

Milton.

Syn. -- To name; designate; style; characterize; empower; qualify; enable; fit.

En*tit"ule (?), v. t. [See Entitle.] To entitle. B. Jonson.

En"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Entities (#). [LL. entitas, fr. L. ens, entis, thing, prop. p. pr. of esse to be: cf. F. entité. See Essence, Is.] A real being, whether in thought (as an ideal conception) or in fact; being; essence; existence.

> Self-subsisting entities, such as our own personality.

Shairp.

> Fortune is no real entity, . . . but a mere relative signification.

Bentley.

En"to- (?). [Gr. &?; within, fr. &?; in. See In.] A combining form signifying within; as, entoblast.

En"to*blast (?), n. [Ento- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner germ layer; endoderm. See Nucleolus.

||En`to*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Entobronchia (#). [See Ento-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.

{ En`to*cu*ne"i*form (?), En`to*cu"ni*form (?), } n. [Ento- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform.

En"to*derm (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. &?; skin.] (Biol.) See Endoderm, and Illust. of Blastoderm.

{ En`to*der"mal (?), En`to*der"mic (?), } a. (Biol.) Relating to the entoderm.

En`to*gas"tric (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. &?; the stomach.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the interior of the stomach; -- applied to a mode of budding from the interior of the gastric cavity, in certain hydroids.

En*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Ento- + -genous.] (Biol.) See Endogenous.

En`to*glos"sal (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. &?; the tongue.] (Anat.) Within the tongue; -- applied to the glossohyal bone.

En*toil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entoiling.] To take with toils or bring into toils; to insnare. [R.]

> Entoiled in woofed phantasies.

Keats.

En*tomb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entombing.] [Pref. en- + tomb: cf. OF. entomber.] To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body; to bury; to inter; to inhume. Hooker.

En*tomb"ment (?), n. The act of entombing or burying, or state of being entombed; burial. Barrow.

En"to*mere (?), n. [Ento- + - mere.] (Biol.) The more granular cells, which finally become internal, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

{ En*tom"ic (?), En*tom"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; insect. See Entomology.] (Zoöl.) Relating to insects; entomological.

En"to*moid (?), a. [Gr. &?; insect + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Resembling an insect. -- n. An object resembling an insect.

En*tom"o*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?; insect.] (Chem.) See Chitin.

En*tom"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; insect + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil insect.

{ En`to*mo*log"ic (?), En`to*mo*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. entomologique.] Of or relating to entomology. -- En`to*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

En`to*mol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. entomologiste.] One versed in entomology.

En`to*mol"o*gize (?), v. i. To collect specimens in the study of entomology. C. Kingsley.

En`to*mol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Entomologies (#). [Gr. 'e`ntomon insect (so called because nearly cut in two, fr. 'e`ntomos cut in; 'en in + te`mnein to cut) + -logy: cf. F. entomologie. See In, and Tome, and cf. Insect.] 1. That part of zoölogy which treats of insects.

2. A treatise on the science of entomology.

||En`to*moph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`ntomon an insect + fagei^n to eat.] (Zoöl.) 1. One of a group of hymenopterous insects whose larvæ feed parasitically upon living insects. See Ichneumon, 2.

2. A group of marsupials which are partly insectivorous, as the opossum.

3. A group of edentates, including the ant- eaters.

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En`to*moph"a*gan (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating to the Entomophaga. -- n. One of the Entomophaga.

En`to*moph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on insects; insectivorous.

En`to*moph"i*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; insect + &?; a lover.] (Bot.) Fertilized by the agency of insects; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects.

||En`to*mos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; cut in pieces + &?; burnt clay, the hard shell of Testacea.] (Zoöl.) One of the subclasses of Crustacea, including a large number of species, many of them minute. The group embraces several orders; as the Phyllopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, and Pectostraca. See Copepoda, Phyllopoda, and Cladocera.

En`to*mos"tra*can (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating to the Entomostraca. -- n. One of the Entomostraca.

En`to*mos"tra*cous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Entomostracans.

En`to*mot"o*mist (?), n. One who practices entomotomy.

En`to*mot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; insect + te`mnein to cut.] The science of the dissection of insects.

En*ton"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; strained, fr. &?; to strain. See Entasis.] (Med.) Having great tension, or exaggerated action. Dunglison.

En`to*pe*riph"er*al (?), a. [Ento- + peripheral.] (Physiol.) Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to feelings, such as hunger, produced by internal disturbances. Opposed to epiperipheral.

En"to*phyte (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Med.) A vegetable parasite subsisting in the interior of the body.

En`to*phyt"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to entophytes; as, an entophytic disease.

En"to*plasm (?), n. [Ento- + Gr. &?; anything formed.] (Biol.) (a) The inner granular layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) Endosarc.

En`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Ento- + Gr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or composed of, entoplasm; as, the entoplastic products of some Protozoa, or the entoplastic modification of the cell protoplasm, by which a nucleus is produced.

En`to*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Entoplastra (#). [Ento- + plastron.] (Anat.) The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also entosternum.

||En`to*proc"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; the anus.] (Zoöl.) A group of Bryozoa in which the anus is within the circle of tentacles. See Pedicellina.

Ent*op"tic (?), a. [Ent- + optic.] (Physiol.) Relating to objects situated within the eye; esp., relating to the perception of objects in one's own eye.

Ent*or"gan*ism (?), n. [Ent- + organism.] (Biol.) An internal parasitic organism.

En*tor`ti*la"tion (?), n. [F. entortiller to twist; pref. en- (L. in) + tortiller to twist.] A turning into a circle; round figures. [Obs.] Donne.

||En`to*ster"num (?), n.; pl. Entosterna (#). [NL. See Ento-, and Sternum.] (Anat.) See Entoplastron. - - En`to*ster"nal (#), a.

En*tos"tho*blast (?), n. [Gr. 'e`ntosthe from within + -blast.] (Biol.) The granule within the nucleolus or entoblast of a nucleated cell. Agassiz.

En`to*tho"rax (?), n. [Ento- + thorax.] (Zoöl.) See Endothorax.

Ent*ot"ic (?), a. [Ent- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the ear.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the interior of the ear.

||En`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; within + &?; an animal.] (Zoöl.) 1. A group of worms, including the tapeworms, flukes, roundworms, etc., most of which live parasitically in the interior of other animals; the Helminthes.

2. An artificial group, including all kinds of animals living parasitically in others.

{ En`to*zo"al (?), En`to*zo"ic (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, the Entozoa.

En`to*zo*öl"o*gist (?), n. [Entozoön + -logy + -ist.] One versed in the science of the Entozoa.

||En`to*zo"ön (?), n.; pl. Entozoa (#). [NL. See Entozoa.] (Zoöl.) One of the Entozoa.

||En`tr'acte" (?), n. [F. Cf. Interact.] 1. The interval of time which occurs between the performance of any two acts of a drama.

2. A dance, piece of music, or interlude, performed between two acts of a drama.

En*trail" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + OF. treiller to grate, lattice, F. treille vine, arbor. See Trellis.] To interweave; to intertwine. [Obs.] Spenser.

En*trail", n. Entanglement; fold. [Obs.] Spenser.

En"trails (?), n. pl. [F. entrailles, LL. intralia, intranea, fr. interaneum, pl. interanea, intestine, interaneus inward, interior, fr. inter between, among, within. See Internal.] 1. The internal parts of animal bodies; the bowels; the guts; viscera; intestines.

2. The internal parts; as, the entrails of the earth.

> That treasure . . . hid the dark entrails of America.

Locke.

En*train" (?), v. t. [F. entrainer.] To draw along as a current does; as, water entrained by steam.

En*train", v. t. [Pref. en- + train.] To put aboard a railway train; as, to entrain a regiment. [Recent, Eng.]

En*train", v. i. To go aboard a railway train; as, the troops entrained at the station. [Recent, Eng.]

En*tram"mel (?), v. t. [See Trammel.] To trammel; to entangle. Bp. Hacket.

En"trance (?), n. [OF. entrance, fr. OF. & F. entrant, p. pr. of entrer to enter. See Enter.] 1. The act of entering or going into; ingress; as, the entrance of a person into a house or an apartment; hence, the act of taking possession, as of property, or of office; as, the entrance of an heir upon his inheritance, or of a magistrate into office.

2. Liberty, power, or permission to enter; as, to give entrance to friends. Shak.

3. The passage, door, or gate, for entering.

> Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city.

Judg. i. 24.

4. The entering upon; the beginning, or that with which the beginning is made; the commencement; initiation; as, a difficult entrance into business. "Beware of entrance to a quarrel." Shak.

> St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his discourses, makes a kind of apology.

Hakewill.

5. The causing to be entered upon a register, as a ship or goods, at a customhouse; an entering; as, his entrance of the arrival was made the same day.

6. (Naut.) (a) The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the water at the water line. Ham. Nav. Encyc. (b) The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel, below the water line. Totten.

En*trance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entrancing (?).] [Pref. en- + trance.] 1. To put into a trance; to make insensible to present objects.

> Him, still entranced and in a litter laid,
> They bore from field and to the bed conveyed.

Dryden.

2. To put into an ecstasy; to ravish with delight or wonder; to enrapture; to charm.

> And I so ravished with her heavenly note,
> I stood entranced, and had no room for thought.

Dryden.

En*trance"ment (?), n. The act of entrancing, or the state of trance or ecstasy. Otway.

En"trant (?), n. [See Entrance, n.] 1. One who enters; a beginner. "The entrant upon life." Bp. Terrot.

2. An applicant for admission. Stormonth.

En*trap" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entrapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Entrapping.] [Pref. en- + trap: cf. OF. entraper.] To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men.

> A golden mesh, to entrap the hearts of men.

Shak.

Syn. -- To insnare; inveigle; tangle; decoy; entangle.

En*treat" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Entreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Entreating.] [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF. entraiter to treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat. See Treat.] 1. To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [Obs.]

> Fairly let her be entreated.

Shak.

> I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well.

Jer. xv. 11.

2. To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence, to ask earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with urgency; to supplicate; to importune. "Entreat my wife to come." "I do entreat your patience." Shak.

> I must entreat of you some of that money.

Shak.

> Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door.

Poe.

> Isaac entreated the Lord for his wife.

Gen. xxv. 21.

3. To beseech or supplicate successfully; to prevail upon by prayer or solicitation; to persuade.

> It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power whom no prayers could entreat.

Rogers.

4. To invite; to entertain. [Obs.] "Pleasures to entreat." Spenser.

Syn. -- To beseech; beg; solicit; crave; implore; supplicate. See Beseech.

En*treat", v. i. 1. To treat or discourse; hence, to enter into negotiations, as for a treaty. [Obs.]

> Of which I shall have further occasion to entreat.

Hakewill.

> Alexander . . . was first that entreated of true peace with them.

1 Mac. x. 47.

2. To make an earnest petition or request.

> The Janizaries entreated for them as valiant men.

Knolles.

En*treat", n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Ford.

En*treat"a*ble (?), a. That may be entreated.

En*treat"ance (?), n. Entreaty. [Obs.] Fairfax.

En*treat"er (?), n. One who entreats; one who asks earnestly; a beseecher.

En*treat"ful (?), a. Full of entreaty. [R.] See Intreatful.

En*treat"ing*ly, adv. In an entreating manner.

En*treat"ive (?), a. Used in entreaty; pleading. [R.] "Entreative phrase." A. Brewer.

En*treat"ment (?), n. Entreaty; invitation. [Obs.] Shak.

En*treat"y, n.; pl. Entreaties (&?;). 1. Treatment; reception; entertainment. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. The act of entreating or beseeching; urgent prayer; earnest petition; pressing solicitation.

> Fair entreaty, and sweet blandishment.

Spenser.

Syn. -- Solicitation; request; suit; supplication; importunity.

||En`trée" (?), n. [F. See Entry.] 1. A coming in, or entrance; hence, freedom of access; permission or right to enter; as, to have the entrée of a house.

2. (Cookery) In French usage, a dish served at the beginning of dinner to give zest to the appetite; in English usage, a side dish, served with a joint, or between the courses, as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc.

||En`tre*mets" (?), n. sing. & pl. [F., fr. entre between + mets a dish, mess.] 1. (Cookery) A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually eaten after the joints or principal dish; also, a sweetmeat, served with a dinner.

2. Any small entertainment between two greater ones. [R.]

En*trench" (?), v. t. See Intrench.

||En`tre*pôt" (?), n. [F.] A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an entrepôt for shipping goods in transit.

||En`tre*pre*neur" (?), n. [F. See Enterprise.] (Polit. Econ.) One who creates a product on his own account; whoever undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in which workmen are employed. F. A. Walker.

||En`tre*sol" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) A low story between two higher ones, usually between the ground floor and the first story; mezzanine. Parker.

En*trick" (?), v. t. [Cf. OE. entriken to perplex, OF. entriquer. Cf. Trick, Intrigue.] To trick, to perplex. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

En"tro*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints of encrinites; -- used of a kind of stone or marble.

En"tro*chite (?), n. [Pref. en- + Gr. &?; wheel.] (Paleon.) A fossil joint of a crinoid stem.

||En*tro"pi*on (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Entropium.

||En*tro"pi*um (?), n. [NL. See Entropy.] (Med.) The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids.

En"tro*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; a turning in; &?; in + &?; a turn, fr. &?; to turn.] (Thermodynamics) A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h &?; t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.

> The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum.

Clausius.

En*trust" (?), v. t. See Intrust.

En"try (?), n.; pl. Entries (#). [OE. entree, entre, F. entrée, fr. entrer to enter. See Enter, and cf. Entrée.] 1. The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.

2. The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.

> A notary made an entry of this act.

Bacon.

3. That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a house or other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an adit, as of a mine.

> A straight, long entry to the temple led.

Dryden.

4. (Com.) The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods. See Enter, v. t., 8, and Entrance, n., 5.

5. (Law) (a) The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by entering or setting foot on them. (b) A putting upon record in proper form and order. (c) The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary. Burrill.

Bill of entry. See under Bill. - - Double entry, Single entry. See Bookkeeping. -- Entry clerk (Com.), a clerk who makes the original entries of transactions in a business. -- Writ of entry (Law), a writ issued for the purpose of obtaining possession of land from one who has unlawfully entered and continues in possession. Bouvier.

En"tryng (?), n. Am entrance. [Obs.]

> So great an entryng and so large.

Chaucer.

En*tune" (?), v. t. To tune; to intone. Chaucer.

En*twine" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + twine. Cf. Intwine.] To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round. [Written also intwine.]

> Entwined in duskier wreaths her braided locks.

Shelley.

> Thy glorious household stuff did me entwine.

Herbert.

En*twine", v. i. To be twisted or twined.

> With whose imperial laurels might entwine no cypress.

De Quincey.

En*twine"ment (?), n. A twining or twisting together or round; union. Bp. Hacket.

En*twist" (?), v. t. To twist or wreathe round; to intwine. Shak.

E*nu"bi*late (?), v. t. [L. enubilatus, p. p. of enubilare to enubilate; e out + nubila clouds, fr. nubilis cloudy, nubes cloud.] To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity. [R.] Bailey.

E*nu"bi*lous (?), a. [See Enubilate.] Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear. [R.]

E*nu"cle*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enucleated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enucleating (?).] [L. enucleatus, p. p. of enucleare to enucleate; e out + nucleus kernel.] 1. To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping husks its enveloping husks or shell.

2. (Med.) To remove without cutting (as a tumor).

3. To bring to light; to make clear. Sclater (1654).

E*nu`cle*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. énucléation.] The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition.

> Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to contribute anything to the enucleation of this disease.

Tooke.

E*nu"mer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enumerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enumerating (?).] [L. enumeratus, p. p. of enumerare to count out, enumerate; e out + numerare to count, fr. numerus number. See Number.] To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by one; to name over; to make a special and separate account of; to recount; as, to enumerate the stars in a constellation.

> Enumerating the services he had done.

Ludlow.

Syn. -- To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate; rehearse; recapitulate; detail.

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E*nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [L. enumeratio: cf. F. énumération.] 1. The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.

2. A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed.

> Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we leave them out of our enumeration.

Paley.

3. (Rhet.) A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an argument.

E*nu"mer*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. énumératif.] Counting, or reckoning up, one by one.

> Enumerative of the variety of evils.

Jer. Taylor.

E*nu"mer*a`tor (?), n. One who enumerates.

E*nun"ci*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being enunciated or expressed.

E*nun"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enunciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enunciating (?).] [L. enuntiatus, - ciatus, p. p. of enuntiare, -ciare. See Enounce.] 1. To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim; to declare, as a truth.

> The terms in which he enunciates the great doctrines of the gospel.

Coleridge.

2. To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to pronounce; as, to enunciate a word distinctly.

E*nun"ci*ate, v. i. To utter words or syllables articulately.

E*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [L. enuntiatio, -ciatio.] 1. The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration; as, the enunciation of an important truth.

> By way of interpretation and enunciation.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards fullness and distinctness or articulation; as, to speak with a clear or impressive enunciation.

3. That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal declaration; a statement.

> Every intelligible enunciation must be either true or false.

A. Clarke.

E*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. enuntiativus, -ciativus.] Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative. Ayliffe. -- E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

E*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L. enuntiator, enunciator.] One who enunciates or proclaims.

E*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance.

En*ure" (?), v. t. See Inure.

||En`u*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to urinate in; &?; + &?; urine.] (Med.) An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine.

En*vas"sal (?), v. t. To make a vassal of. [Obs.]

En*vault" (?), v. t. To inclose in a vault; to entomb. [R.] Swift.

En*vei"gle (?), v. t. To entice. See Inveigle.

En*vel"op (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enveloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enveloping.] [OE. envolupen, envolipen, OF. envoluper, envoleper, F. envelopper; pref. en- (L. in) + voluper, voleper. See Develop.] To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; as, to envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops a ship.

> Nocturnal shades this world envelop.

J. Philips.

{ En"vel*ope (?; 277), En*vel"op (?; 277), } n. [F. enveloppe.] 1. That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a letter.

2. (Astron.) The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; -- called also coma.

3. (Fort.) A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it. Wilhelm.

4. (Geom.) A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the envelope of its tangents.

En*vel"op*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. enveloppement.] 1. The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all sides.

2. That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop.

En*ven"ime (?), v. t. To envenom. [Obs.]

En*ven"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envenomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Envenoming.] [OE. envenimen, F. envenimer; pref. en- (L. in) + F. venin poison. See Venom.] 1. To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly by poison, as food, drink, a weapon; as, envenomed meat, wine, or arrow; also, to poison (a person) by impregnating with venom.

> Alcides . . . felt the envenomed robe.

Milton.

> O, what a world is this, when what is comely
> Envenoms him that bears it!

Shak.

2. To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred; to imbue as with venom; to imbitter.

> The envenomed tongue of calumny.

Smollett.

> On the question of slavery opinion has of late years been peculiarly envenomed.

Sir G. C. Lewis.

En*ver"meil (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + vermeil: cf. OF. envermeiller. See Vermil.] To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red. [Obs.] Milton.

En"vi*a*ble (?), a. [From Envy.] Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire to posses or to resemble.

> One of most enviable of human beings.

Macaulay.

-- En"vi*a*ble*ness, n. -- En"vi*a*bly, adv.

En*vie" (?), v. i. [See Vie.] To vie; to emulate; to strive. [Obs.] Spenser.

En"vi*er (?), n. One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another possesses.

En*vig"or (?), v. t. To invigorate. [Obs.]

En"vi*ous (?), a. [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.] 1. Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [Obs.]

> Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch.

Shak.

2. Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or proceeding from, envy; -- said of a person, disposition, feeling, act, etc.; jealously pained by the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging; -- followed by of, at, and against; as, an envious man, disposition, attack; envious tongues.

> My soul is envious of mine eye.

Keble.

> Neither be thou envious at the wicked.

Prov. xxiv. 19.

3. Inspiring envy. [Obs. or Poetic]

> He to him leapt, and that same envious gage
> Of victor's glory from him snatched away.

Spenser.

4. Excessively careful; cautious. [Obs.]

> No men are so envious of their health.

Jer. Taylor.

-- En"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- En"vi*ous*ness, n.

En*vi"ron (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Environing.] [F. environner, fr. environ about, thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit, fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down, topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.] To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be round about; to involve or envelop.

> Dwelling in a pleasant glade,
> With mountains round about environed.

Spenser.

> Environed he was with many foes.

Shak.

> Environ me with darkness whilst I write.

Donne.

En*vi"ron, adv. [F.] About; around. [Obs.]

> Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes.

Fairfax.

En*vi"ron*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. environnement.] 1. Act of environing; state of being environed.

2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions, influences, or forces, by which living forms are influenced and modified in their growth and development.

> It is no friendly environment, this of thine.

Carlyle.

En*vi"rons (?; 277), n. pl. [F.] The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or town. Chesterfield.

En*vis"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envisaged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Envisaging (?).] [F. envisager; pref. en- (L. in) + visage face, visage. See Visage.] To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard. [R.] Keats.

> From the very dawn of existence the infant must envisage self, and body acting on self.

McCosh.

En*vis"age*ment (?), n. The act of envisaging.

En*vol"ume (?), v. t. To form into, or incorporate with, a volume. [R.]

En*vol"up (?), v. t. [See Envelop.] To wrap up; to envelop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En"voy (?), n. [F. envoyé envoy, fr. envoyer to send; pref. en- (L. in) + voie way, L. via: cf. F. envoi an envoy (in sense 2). See Voyage, and cf. Invoice.] 1. One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger; esp., a person deputed by a sovereign or a government to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign sovereign or government; a minister accredited to a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below that of an ambassador.

2. [F. envoi, fr. envoyer to send.] An explanatory or commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or book; -- also in the French from, l'envoi.

> The envoy of a ballad is the "sending" of it forth.

Skeat.

En"voy*ship, n. The office or position of an envoy.

En"vy (?), n.; pl. Envies (#). [F. envie, L. invidia envious; akin to invidere to look askance at, to look with enmity; in against + videre to see. See Vision.] 1. Malice; ill will; spite. [Obs.]

> If he evade us there,
> Enforce him with his envy to the people.

Shak.

2. Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the sight of another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with some degree of hatred and a desire to possess equal advantages; malicious grudging; -- usually followed by of; as, they did this in envy of Cæsar.

> Envy is a repining at the prosperity or good of another, or anger and displeasure at any good of another which we want, or any advantage another hath above us.

Ray.

> No bliss
> Enjoyed by us excites his envy more.

Milton.

> Envy, to which the ignoble mind's a slave,
> Is emulation in the learned or brave.

Pope.

3. Emulation; rivalry. [Obs.]

> Such as cleanliness and decency
> Prompt to a virtuous envy.

Ford.

4. Public odium; ill repute. [Obs.]

> To lay the envy of the war upon Cicero.

B. Jonson.

5. An object of envious notice or feeling.

> This constitution in former days used to be the envy of the world.

Macaulay.

En"vy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Envying.] [F. envier.] 1. To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a feeling of uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any one), arising from the sight of another's excellence or good fortune and a longing to possess it.

> A woman does not envy a man for his fighting courage, nor a man a woman for her beauty.

Collier.

> Whoever envies another confesses his superiority.

Rambler.

2. To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or good fortune of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.); to look with grudging upon; to begrudge.

> I have seen thee fight,
> When I have envied thy behavior.

Shak.

> Jeffrey . . . had actually envied his friends their cool mountain breezes.

Froude.

3. To long after; to desire strongly; to covet.

> Or climb his knee the envied kiss to share.

T. Gray.

4. To do harm to; to injure; to disparage. [Obs.]

> If I make a lie
> To gain your love and envy my best mistress,
> Put me against a wall.

J. Fletcher.

5. To hate. [Obs.] Marlowe.

6. To emulate. [Obs.] Spenser.

En"vy (?), v. i. 1. To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything with grudging and longing eyes; -- used especially with at.

> Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked?

Jer. Taylor.

2. To show malice or ill will; to rail. [Obs.] "He has . . . envied against the people." Shak.

En*vyned" (?), a. [OF. enviner to store with wine; pref. en- (L. in) + vin wine. See Vine.] Stored or furnished with wine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

En*wall" (?), v. t. See Inwall. Sir P. Sidney.

En*wal"low (?), v. t. To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow.

> So now all three one senseless lump remain,
> Enwallowed in his own black bloody gore.

Spenser.

En*wheel" (?), v. t. To encircle. Shak.

En*wid"en (?), v. t. To widen. [Obs.]

En*wind" (?), v. t. To wind about; to encircle.

> In the circle of his arms
> Enwound us both.

Tennyson.

En*wom"an (?), v. t. To endow with the qualities of a woman. [R.] Daniel.

En*womb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enwombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enwombing.] 1. To conceive in the womb. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit, or cavern. Donne.

En*wrap" (?), v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap.

En*wrap"ment (?), n. Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope. Shuckford.

En*wreathe" (?), v. t. See Inwreathe. Shelton.

En`zo*öt"ic (n`z*t"k), a. [Gr. 'en in + zw^,on an animal: cf. F. enzoötique.] Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the animals of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease among men.

En"zyme (n"zm), n. [Pref. en- (Gr. 'en in) + Gr. zy`mh leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.

E"o*cene (?), a. [Gr. &?; daybreak, dawn + &?; new, recent.] (Geol.) Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as, Eocene deposits. -- n. The Eocene formation. Lyell.

E*o"li*an (?), a. [See Æolian.] 1. Æolian.

2. (Geol.) Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes.

Eolian attachment, Eolian harp. See Æolian.

E*ol"ic (?), a. & n. See Æolic.

E*ol"i*pile (?), n. [Cf. F. éolipyle.] Same as Æolipile.

E"o*lis (?), n. [L. Aeolis a daughter of Æolus, Gr. A'ioli`s.] (Zoöl.) A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial papillæ along the back. See Ceratobranchia. [Written also Æolis.]

{ E"on (?), Æ"on (?), } n. [L. aeon, fr. Gr. a'iwn space or period of time, lifetime, age; akin to L. aevum. See Age.] 1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age.

> The eons of geological time.

Huxley.

2. (Gnostic Philos.) One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal Being.

> Among the higher Æons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life.

Am. Cyc.

Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe.

E"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; dawn + &?; a plant.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the Silurian age.

E`o*phyt"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to eophytes.

||E"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'Hw`s.] (Gr. Myth.) Aurora, the goddess of morn.

||E`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova Scotia; -- so named because supposed to be of the earliest known reptiles.

E"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. &?; dawn.] (Chem.) A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of bromine on fluoresceïn, and named from the fine rose- red which it imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine red ink. Its solution is fluorescent.

E*os"pho*rite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; Bringer of morn.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally of a rose-pink color, -- whence the name.

E`o*zo"ic (?), a. [See Eozoön.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozoön has been found.

This term has been proposed for the strata formerly called Azoic, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the eozoön as of organic origin. See Archæan.

||E`o*zo"ön (?), n.; pl. Eozoöns (#), L. Eozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.) A peculiar structure found in the Archæan limestones of Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion, without organic structure.

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E`o*zo"ön*al (`*z"n*al), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the eozoön; containing eozoöns; as, eozoönal limestone.

Ep- (p-). [Gr. 'epi`.] See Epi-.

||Ep"a*cris (p"*krs), n. [NL., from Gr. 'e`pakros pointed at the end. So called in allusion to the sharply pointed leaves.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc., having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling heaths.

E"pact ("pkt), n. [F. épacte, fr. Gr. 'epakto`s brought on or in, added, fr. 'epa`gein to bring on or in; 'epi` on, in + 'a`gein to bring or lead. See Epi-, and Act.] (Chron.) The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year.

Annual epact, the excess of the solar year over the lunar year, -- being eleven days. -- Menstrual epact, or Monthly epact, the excess of a calendar month over a lunar.

Ep`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., from Gr. 'epagwgh` a bringing in, fr. 'epa`gein. See Epact.] (Logic) The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction.

Ep`a*gog"ic (?), a. Inductive. Latham.

E*pal"ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zoöl.) Without palpi.

||Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` + &?; to make double.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence; as, "Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice." Phil. iv. 4.

||Ep*an`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` + &?; to take up.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after intervening matter. Gibbs.

||Ep`a*naph"o*ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a recurrence; 'epi` + &?; to bring or carry back.] (Rhet.) Same as Anaphora. Gibbs.

||Ep`a*nas"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a return, epanastrophe; 'epi` + &?; to return.] (Rhet.) Same as Anadiplosis. Gibbs.

||E*pan"o*dos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a rising, return; 'epi` + &?; a way up, rising; &?; up + &?; way.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause are repeated in inverse order, as in the following: --

> O more exceeding love, or law more just?
> Just law, indeed, but more exceeding love!

Milton.

E*pan"o*dy (?), n. [See Epanodos.] (Bot.) The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; -- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral condition.

||Ep`an*or*tho"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` + &?; to set right again; &?; again + &?; to set straight.] A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most brave! Brave, did I say? most heroic act!

Ep*an"thous (?), a. [Pref. ep- + Gr. 'a`nqos flower.] (Bot.) Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi.

Ep"arch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'epi` over + &?; chief, &?; supreme power, dominion.] In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.

Ep"arch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?; the post or office of an &?;.] A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese.

Ep`ar*te"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

E*paule" (?), n. [F. épaule shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See Epaulet, and cf. Spall the shoulder.] (Fort.) The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder.

E*paule"ment (?), n. [F. épaulement.] (Fort.) A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire of an enemy.

{ Ep"au*let`, Ep"au*lette`} (?), n. [F. épaulette, dim. of épaule shoulder, fr. L. spatula a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of spatha abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr. &?;, also, a broad rib, shoulder blade. See Spade the instrument, and cf. Epaule, Spatula.] (Mil.) A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.

In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.

{ Ep"au*let`ed, Ep"au*let`ted, } a. Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.

Ep*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.) Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton; episkeletal.

||E*pei"ra (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (E. diadema). They spin geometrical webs. See Garden spider.

Ep"en (?), n. (Anat.) See Epencephalon.

Ep`en*ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to the epencephalon. (b) Situated on or over the brain.

||Ep`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon, near + &?; brain.] (Anat.) The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to epen.

||Ep*en"dy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an upper garment; 'epi` upon + &?; a garment; &?; in + &?; to put on.] (Anat.) The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis.

||Ep*en"dy*mis (?), n. [NL.] See Ependyma.

Ep`e*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to praise; 'epi` + &?; to praise.] Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

||E*pen"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Epentheses (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` + &?; to put or set in.] (Gram.) The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word; as, the b in "nimble" from AS. nmol.

Ep`en*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. épenthétique.] (Gram.) Inserted in the body of a word; as, an epenthetic letter or sound.

||É`pergne" (?), n. [F. épargne a sparing or saving; a treasury. "Our épergne is a little treasury of sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers." Brewer.] A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped together in an ornamental design.

||É`per`lan" (?), n. [F. éperlan, fr. G. spierling. See Sparling.] (Zoöl.) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).

||Ep*ex`e*ge"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; detailed narrative, fr. &?; to recount in detail; 'epi` + &?; to lead, point out. See Exegesis.] A full or additional explanation; exegesis.

Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al (?), a. Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical.

{ E"phah (?), or E"pha}, n. [Heb. 'phh.] A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer.

||E*phem"e*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a day fly, fr. &?; daily, lasting but a day; &?; over + &?; day.] 1. (Med.) A fever of one day's continuance only.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies. See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.

E*phem"er*al (?), a. 1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower.

2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. "Ephemeral popularity." V. Knox.

> Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy.

Sir J. Stephen.

Ephemeral fly (Zoöl.), one of a group of neuropterous insects, belonging to the genus Ephemera and many allied genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larvæ are aquatic; -- called also day fly and May fly.

E*phem"er*al, n. Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral plant, insect, etc.

E*phem"er*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the ephemeral flies.

E*phem"e*ric (?), a. Ephemeral.

E*phem"e*ris (?), n.; pl. Ephemerides (#). [L., a diary, Gr. &?;, also, a calendar, fr. &?;. See Ephemera.] 1. A diary; a journal. Johnson.

2. (Anat.) (a) A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the "American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac." (b) Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several successive days.

3. (Literature) A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds of periodical literature. Brande & C.

E*phem"er*ist (?), n. 1. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets. Howell.

2. One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist.

||E*phem"e*ron (?), n.; pl. Ephemera (#). [NL. See Ephemera.] (Zoöl.) One of the ephemeral flies.

E*phem"er*ous (?), a. Ephemeral. [R.] Burke.

E*phe"sian (?; 106), a. [L. Ephesius: cf. F. éphésien.] Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia Minor.

E*phe"sian, n. 1. A native of Ephesus.

2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak.

||Eph`i*al"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., one who leaps upon.] The nightmare. Brande & C.

E*phip"pi*al (?), a. Saddle- shaped; occupying an ephippium. Dana.

||E*phip"pi*um (?), n. [L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` on + "i`ppos horse.] 1. (Anat.) A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary fossa.

2. (Zoöl.) A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter eggs, situated on the back of Cladocera.

Eph"od (?), n. [Heb. 'phd, fr. 'phad to put on.] (Jew. Antiq.) A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering for the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by two clasps or brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and fastened by a girdle of the same stuff as the ephod. The ephod for the priests was of plain linen; that for the high priest was richly embroidered in colors. The breastplate of the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front. Exodus xxviii. 6-12.

Eph"or (?), n.; pl. Ephors (#), L. Ephori (#). [L. ephorus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to oversee; &?; + &?; to see: cf. F. éphore.] (Gr. Antiq.) A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over the king.

Eph"or*al (?), a. Pertaining to an ephor.

Eph"or*al*ty (?), n. The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors.

E"phra*im (?), n. [The proper name.] (Zoöl.) A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.

||Eph"y*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, an old name of Corinth.] (Zoöl.) A stage in the development of discophorous medusæ, when they first begin to swim about after being detached from the strobila. See Strobila.

||Ep"i- (?). [Gr. 'epi` on, upon, to; akin to Skr. api besides, and prob. to L. ob to, before, on account of, and perh. to E. of, off.] A prefix, meaning upon, beside, among, on the outside, above, over. It becomes ep-before a vowel, as in epoch, and eph-before a Greek aspirate, as in ephemeral.

Ep"i*blast (?), n. [Pref. epi- + -blast.] (Biol.) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See Blastoderm, Delamination.

Ep`i*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast.

||Ep`i*ble"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a cover; &?; over + &?; to throw.] (Bot.) The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb liquids. Goodale.

Ep`i*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to throw upon, add to; 'epi` upon + &?; to throw.] (Biol.) Growing or covering over; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination.

E*pib"o*ly (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; a throwing upon.] (Biol.) Epibolic invagination. See under Invagination.

Ep`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. An epibranchial cartilage or bone.

Ep"ic (?), a. [L. epicus, Gr. &?;, from &?; a word, speech, tale, song; akin to L. vox voice: cf. F. épique. See Voice.] Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style.

> The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail.

T. Arnold.

Ep"ic, n. An epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a.

Ep"ic*al (&?;), a. Epic. -- Ep"ic*al*ly, adv.

> Poems which have an epical character.

Brande & C.

> His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled epical).

Lowell.

Ep`i*car"di*ac (?), a. (Anat.) Of or relating to the epicardium.

||Ep`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + kardi`a heart.] (Anat.) That part of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium.

Ep`i*car"i*dan (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a shrimp.] (Zoöl.) An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps.

Ep"i*carp (?), [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened ovary. See Illust. under Endocarp.

Ep"i*cede (?), n. [L. epicedion, Gr. &?; dirge, elegy, fr. &?; funereal; &?; + &?; care, sorrow: cf. F. épicède.] A funeral song or discourse; an elegy. [R.] Donne.

Ep`i*ce"di*al (?), a. Elegiac; funereal.

Ep`i*ce"di*an (?), a. Epicedial. -- n. An epicede.

||Ep`i*ce"di*um (?), n. [L.] An epicede.

Ep"i*cene (?), a. & n. [L. epicoenus, Gr. &?;; fr. 'epi` + &?; common; cf. F. épicène.] 1. Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate animals of both sexes; as boy^s, bos, for the ox and cow; sometimes applied to eunuchs and hermaphrodites.

2. Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other.

> The literary prigs epicene.

Prof. Wilson.

> He represented an epicene species, neither churchman nor layman.

J. A. Symonds.

Ep`i*cen"tral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + centrum.] (Anat.) Arising from the centrum of a vertebra. Owen.

Ep`i*ce*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; tempering the humors; 'epi` + &?; to mix: cf. F. épicérastique.] (Med.) Lenient; assuaging. [Obs.]

||Ep`i*chi*re"ma (?), n.; pl. Epichiremata (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to attempt to prove.] (Rhet. & Logic) A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner. [Written also epicheirema.]

Ep`i*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + chordal.] (Anat.) Upon or above the notochord; -- applied esp. to a vertebral column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord, as distinguished from a perichordal column, which develops around it.

Ep`i*cho"ri*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; over + &?; country.] In or of the country. [R.]

> Epichorial superstitions from every district of Europe.

De Quincey.

||Ep`i*clei"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; a little key.] (Anat.) A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.

Ep`i*cli"nal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; a couch.] (Bot.) Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower.

<! p. 501 !>

Ep"i*c/'d2le (p"*sl), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. koi^lon a hollow.] (Anat.) A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body cavity of vertebrates.

Ep"i*cœne (?), a. Epicene. [R.] Hadley.

Ep`i*col"ic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; colon.] (Anat.) Situated upon or over the colon; -- applied to the region of the abdomen adjacent to the colon.

Ep`i*con"dy*lar (?), n. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle.

Ep`i*con"dyle (?), n. [Pref. epi- + condyle.] (Anat.) A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the humerus; the internal condyle.

Ep`i*cor"a*coid (?), n. [Pref. epi- + coracoid.] (Anat.) A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in the shoulder girdle of some vertebrates.

Ep`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epicranium; as, epicranial muscles.

||Ep`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Epi-, and Cranium.] 1. (Anat.) The upper and superficial part of the head, including the scalp, muscles, etc.

2. (Zoöl.) The dorsal wall of the head of insects.

Ep`ic*te"tian (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Epictetus.] Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose conception of life was to be passionless under whatever circumstances.

Ep"i*cure (?), n. [L. Epicurus, Gr. &?;, a famous Greek philosopher, who has been regarded, but erroneously, as teaching a doctrine of refined voluptuousness.] 1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table.

Syn. -- Voluptuary; sensualist.

Ep`i*cu*re"an (?; 277), a. [L. Epicureus, Gr. &?;: cf. épicurien.] 1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. "The sect Epicurean." Milton.

2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating.

> Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes.

Prescott.

Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.

Ep`i*cu*re"an, n. 1. A follower or Epicurus.

2. One given to epicurean indulgence.

Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism (?), n. Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or belief of Epicurus.

Ep"i*cure`ly (?), adv. Luxuriously. Nash.

Ep`i*cu*re"ous (?), a. Epicurean. [Obs.]

Ep"i*cu*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. épicurisme.] 1. The doctrines of Epicurus.

2. Epicurean habits of living; luxury.

Ep"i*cu*rize (?), v. i. 1. To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus. Cudworth.

2. To feed or indulge like an epicure. Fuller.

Ep"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. epicyclus, Gr. &?;; 'epi` upon + &?; circle. See Cycle.] 1. (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a greater circle; or a small circle, whose center, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with the deferent, and yet, by its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper center.

> The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs.

Bacon.

2. (Mech.) A circle which rolls on the circumference of another circle, either externally or internally.

Ep`i*cyc"lic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an epicycle.

Epicyclic train (Mach.), a train of mechanism in which epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur wheels, bevel wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm, carrying one or more of the wheels, sweeps around a center lying in an axis common to the other wheels.

Ep`i*cy"cloid (?), n. [Epicycle + -oid: cf. F. épicycloïde.] (Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle.

Any point rigidly connected with the rolling circle, but not in its circumference, traces a curve called an epitrochoid. The curve traced by a point in the circumference of the rolling circle when it rolls on the concave side of a fixed circle is called a hypocycloid; the curve traced by a point rigidly connected with the rolling circle in this case, but not its circumference, is called a hypotrochoid. All the curves mentioned above belong to the class class called roulettes or trochoids. See Trochoid.

Ep`i*cy*cloid"al (?), a. Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties.

Epicycloidal wheel, a device for producing straight-line motion from circular motion, on the principle that a pin fastened in the periphery of a gear wheel will describe a straight line when the wheel rolls around inside a fixed internal gear of twice its diameter.

Ep`i*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show forth, display; 'epi` + &?; to show. Cf. Epidictic.] Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; - - applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification, seeks to persuade.

{ Ep`i*dem"ic (?), Ep`i*dem"ic*al (?), } a. [L. epidemus, Gr. &?;, &?;, among the people, epidemic; &?; in + &?; people: cf. F. épidémique. Cf. Demagogue.] 1. (Med.) Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic.

2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil.

> It was the epidemical sin of the nation.

Bp. Burnet.

Ep`i*dem"ic (?), n. [Cf. Epidemy.] 1. (Med.) An epidemic disease.

2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror.

Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an epidemic manner.

Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Epidemy + -graphy.] (Med.) A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases.

Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology.

Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist (?), n. A person skilled in epidemiology.

Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Epidemy + -logy.] (Med.) That branch of science which treats of epidemics.

Ep"i*dem`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. épidémie. See Epidemic.] (Med.) An epidemic disease. Dunglison.

Ep"i*derm (?), n. [Cf. F. épiderme. See Epidermis.] (Anat.) The epidermis.

Ep`i*der"mal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular.

Ep`i*der*mat"ic (?), a. Epidermal. [R.]

Ep`i*der"ma*toid (?), a. [Gr. 'epi` upon + de`rma, -atos, skin + -oid. Cf. Epidermoid.] (Anat.) Epidermoid. Owen.

Ep`i*der"me*ous (?), a. Epidermal. [R.]

Ep`i*der"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. épidermique.] Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark.

Epidermic administration of medicine (Med.), the application of medicine to the skin by friction.

Ep`i*der"mic*al (?), a. Epidermal. [R.]

Ep`i*der"mi*dal (?), a. Epidermal. [R.]

Ep`i*der"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; over + &?; skin, fr. &?; to skin. See Tear, v. t.] 1. (Anat.) The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin. See Dermis.

2. (Bot.) The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced.

Ep`i*der"moid (?), a. [Cf. F. épidermoïde.] (Anat.) Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis.

Ep`i*der"mose (?), n. [See Epidermis.] (Physiol. Chem.) Keratin.

{ Ep`i*dic"tic (?), Ep`i*dic"tic*al (?), } a. [L. epidictius. See Epideictic.] Serving to explain; demonstrative.

||Ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` upon + &?; testicle.] (Anat.) An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle, composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of that organ. -- Ep`i*did"y*mal (#), a.

||Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Epididymis, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of gonorrhea.

Ep"i*dote (?), n. [Gr. &?; to give besides; &?; over + &?; to give: cf. F. épidote. So named from the enlargement of the base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.] (Min.) A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color, occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic crystals. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese.

The Epidote group includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or lime epidote, piedmontite or manganese epidote, allanite or cerium epidote.

Ep`i*dot"ic (?),, a. Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; as, an epidotic granite.

||Ep`i*gæ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; earth.] (Bot.) An American genus of plants, containing but a single species (E. repens), the trailing arbutus.

Ep`i*gæ"ous (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Epigæa, and cf. Epigee.] (Bot.) Growing on, or close to, the ground.

Ep`i*gas"tri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Epigastric.

Ep`i*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?; over the belly; 'epi` upon + &?; belly: cf. F. épigastrique.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the epigastric region.

2. (Zoöl.) Over the stomach; -- applied to two of the areas of the carapace of crabs.

Epigastric region. (Anat.) (a) The whole upper part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen above the umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions.

Ep`i*gas"tri*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;.] (Anat.) The upper part of the abdomen.

Ep`i*ge"al (?), a. (Bot.) Epigæous. [R.]

Ep"i*gee (?), n. [NL. epigeum, fr. Gr. &?; upon the earth. See Epigæa.] See Perigee. [Obs.]

Ep"i*gene (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; to be born, grow.] 1. (Crystallog.) Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which they are found.

2. (Geol.) Formed originating on the surface of the earth; -- opposed to hypogene; as, epigene rocks.

Ep`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. epi- + genesis.] (Biol.) The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power of the parents. It is opposed to the theory of evolution, also to syngenesis.

Ep`i*gen"e*sist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis.

Ep`i*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the theory of epigenesis.

Ep`i*ge"ous (?), a. Same as Epigæous.

||Ep*i*ge"um (?), n. [NL. See Epigee.] See Perigee. [Obs.]

Ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis.

Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Epiglottic.

Ep`i*glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi` upon + &?;, &?;, tongue. See Glottis.] (Anat.) A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing through the pharynx.

E*pig"na*thous (?), a. [Epi- + Gr. gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoöl.) Hook- billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower.

Ep"i*gram (?), n. [L. epigramma, fr. Gr. &?; inscription, epigram, fr. &?; to write upon, 'epi` upon + &?; to write: cf. F. épigramme. See Graphic.] 1. A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to surprise the reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of thought, and is often satirical in character.

> Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram?

Shak.

Epigrams were originally inscription on tombs, statues, temples, triumphal arches, etc.

2. An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply expressed, whether in verse or prose.

3. The style of the epigram.

> Antithesis, i. e., bilateral stroke, is the soul of epigram in its later and technical signification.

B. Cracroft.

{ Ep`i*gram*mat"ic (?), Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al (?), }[L. epigrammaticus: cf. F. épigrammatique.] 1. Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as, an epigrammatical poet.

2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram; pointed; piquant; as, epigrammatic style, wit, or sallies of fancy.

Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style.

Ep`i*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. epigrammatista: cf. F. épigrammatiste.] One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them.

> The brisk epigrammatist showing off his own cleverness.

Holmes.

Ep`i*gram"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epigrammatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Epigrammatizing (?).] To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams.

Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer (?), n. One who writes in an affectedly pointed style.

> Epigrammatizers of our English prose style.

Coleridge.

Ep"i*gram`mist (?), n. An epigrammatist. Jer. Taylor.

Ep"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. épigraphe. See Epigram.] 1. Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which has to do with the building itself, its founding or dedication.

2. (Literature) A citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the purpose, placed at the beginning of a work or of its separate divisions; a motto.

{ Ep`i*graph"ic (?), Ep`i*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies.

Ep`i*graph"ics (?), n. The science or study of epigraphs.

E*pig"ra*phist (?), n. A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.

E*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions or of deciphering them.

E*pig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; woman, female: cf. F. épigyne.] (Bot.) Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals, sepals, and also of the disk.

Ep`i*hy"al (?), n. [Pref. epi- + the Greek letter &?;.] (Anat.) A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch.

Ep"i*lep`sy (?), n. [L. epilepsia, Gr. &?; a seizure, the "falling sickness," fr. &?; to take besides, seize, attack; 'epi` upon, besides + &?; to take: cf. F. épilepsie. Cf. Catalepsy.] (Med.) The "falling sickness," so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms (or fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss of consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles. Dunglison.

Ep`i*lep"tic (?), a. [L. epilepticus, Gr. &?; : cf. F. épileptique.] Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.

Ep`i*lep"tic, n. 1. One affected with epilepsy.

2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.

Ep`i*lep"tic*al (?), a. Epileptic.

Ep`i*lep"ti*form (?), a. Resembling epilepsy.

Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. 'epi`lhptos epileptic + -genous.] (Med.) Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; -- applied to areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of which produces convulsions.

Ep`i*lep"toid (?), a. [Gr. 'epi`lhptos + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid convulsions.

Ep`i*lo*ga"tion (?), n. [LL. epilogatio.] A summing up in a brief account. [Obs.] Udall.

{ Ep`i*log"ic (?), Ep`i*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. 'epilogiko`s.] Of or pertaining to an epilogue.

E*pil"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reckon over, to deliver an epilogue; 'epi` upon + &?; to count, reckon. See Epilogue.] Enumeration; computation. [R.] J. Gregory.

Ep`i*lo*gis"tic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; calculating. See Epilogism.] Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue. T. Warton.

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E*pil"o*gize (?), v. i. & t. [See Epilogism.] To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue.

Ep"i*logue (?; 115), n. [F. épilogue, L. epilogus, fr. Gr. &?; conclusion, fr. &?; to say in addition; 'epi` upon, besides + &?; to say. See Legend.] 1. (Drama) A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play.

> A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues.

Shak.

2. (Rhet.) The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.

Ep"i*lo*guize (?), v. i. & t. Same as Epilogize.

||E*pim"a*chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; equipped for battle; &?; for + &?; battle.] (Zoöl.) A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise.

||E*pim"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Epimeron.

E*pim"er*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the epimera.

Ep"i*mere (?), n. [Epi- + - mere.] (Biol.) One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several segments of the extremities in vertebrates, or one of the similar segments in plants, such as the segments of a segmented leaf. Syd. Soc. Lex.

||E*pim"e*ron (?), n.; pl. Epimera (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; a part.] (Zoöl.) (a) In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage. See Illust. under Crustacea. (b) In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum. [Written also epimerum.]

Ep`i*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; pressed close.] (Physiol.) A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under surface. See Hyponastic.

Ep`i*neu"ral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + neural.] (Anat.) Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra.

||Ep`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; a nerve.] (Anat.) The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own special sheath, or perineurium.

||Ep`in*glette" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before priming.

Ep`i*ni"cial (?), a. [See Epinicion.] Relating to victory. "An epinicial song." T. Warton.

Ep`i*ni"cion (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; belonging to victory; 'epi` upon, to + &?; victory: cf. L. epinicium.] A song of triumph. [Obs.] T. Warton.

Ep`i*nik"i*an (?), a. Epinicial.

Ep`i*or"nis (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. épiornis. See Æpyornis.] (Zoöl.) One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus Æpiornis, only recently extinct. Its remains have been found in Madagascar. [Written also Æpyornis.]

Ep`i*o"tic (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?;, gen. &?;, ear.] (Anat.) The upper and outer element of periotic bone, -- in man forming a part of the temporal bone.

Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try (?), n. [Gr. 'epi`pedos on the ground, level ('epi` + pe`don ground) + -metry.] (Geom.) The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. [Obs.]

Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + peripheral.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to the feelings which originate at the extremities of nerves distributed on the outer surface, as the sensation produced by touching an object with the finger; -- opposed to entoperipheral. H. Spenser.

Ep`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + petal.] (Bot.) Borne on the petals or corolla.

E*piph"a*ny (?), n. [F. épiphanie, L. epiphania, Gr. 'epifa`nia (sc. &?;), for 'epifa`neia appearance, fr. 'epifai`nein to show forth; 'epi` + fai`nein to show. See Fancy.] 1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest.

> Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious epiphany upon the mount.

Jer. Taylor.

> An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its epiphany in Paris.

De Quincey.

2. (Eccl.) A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi, symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide.

Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the branchial arches of fishes. -- n. An epipharyngeal bone or cartilage.

Ep`i*phar"ynx (?), n. [Epi- + pharynx.] (Zoöl.) A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects.

||Ep`i*pho*ne"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'epifw`nhma, fr. 'epifwnei^n to mention; 'epi` + fwnei^n to speak.] (Rhet.) An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums up or concludes a discourse.

E*piph"o*neme (?), n. Epiphonema. [R.]

||E*piph"o*ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'epifora`, fr. 'epife`rein to bring to or upon; 'epi` + fe`rein to bring.] 1. (Med.) The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate in the eye, and trickle over the cheek.

2. (Rhet.) The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at the end of several sentences or stanzas.

Ep"i*phragm (?), n. [Gr. &?; a covering, lid, fr. &?; to block up.] (Zoöl.) A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks close the aperture of the shell during the time of hibernation, or æstivation.

Ep`i*phyl`lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. 'epi` + fy`llon leaf + spe`rma seed.] (Bot.) Bearing fruit on the back of the leaves, as ferns. Harris (1710).

E*piph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. 'epi` + fy`llon leaf.] (Bot.) Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf.

||Ep`i*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems, and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and several species are in cultivation.

{ Ep`i*phys"e*al (?), Ep`i*phys"i*al (?), } (Anat.) Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis.

||E*piph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Epiphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi`fysis, fr. 'epify`ein to grow upon; 'epi` upon + fy`ein to grow.] (Anat.) (a) The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies separately from the central portion, or diaphysis. (b) The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See Pineal gland, under Pineal.

E*piph"y*tal (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to an epiphyte.

Ep"i*phyte (?), n. [Gr. 'epi` upon + fyto`n plant, &?; to grow: cf. F. épiphyte.] 1. (Bot.) An air plant which grows on other plants, but does not derive its nourishment from them. See Air plant.

2. (Med.) A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the body.

{ Ep`i*phyt"ic (?), Ep`i*phyt"ic*al (?), } a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte. -- Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ep`i*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Epiplastra (#). [Pref. epi- + plastron.] (Anat.) One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of turtles.

Ep`i*pleu"ral (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pleural.] (Anat.) Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra. Owen.

||Ep`i*plex"is (?), n. [L., reproof, fr. Gr. &?; , fr. &?; to strike at, reprove; 'epi` + &?; to strike.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an elegant kind of upbraiding.

||E*pip"lo*ce (?), n. [L., connection, from Gr. &?; a plaiting together, fr. &?; to plait or braid in; 'epi` upon + &?; to twist, plait.] (Rhet.) A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due gradation, to another; climax; e. g., "He not only spared his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued, but advanced them." Johnson.

Ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. Relating to the epiploön.

||E*pip"lo*ön (?), n.; pl. Epiploa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anat.) See Omentum.

Ep`i*po"di*al (?), a. 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.

2. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca.

||Ep`i*po`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Epipodialia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot.] (Anat.) One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the epipodialia being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula.

E*pip"o*dite (?), n. [See Epipodium.] (Zoöl.) The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See Maxilliped.

||Ep`i*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Epipodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoöl.) One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods.

Ep`i*pol"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence. [R.]

E*pip"o*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a surface; 'epi` + pe`lein to be.] (Opt.) See Fluorescence. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

E*pip"o*lized (?), a. Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by fluorescence; as, epipolized light. [R.] Stokes.

Ep`ip*ter"ic (?), a. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; wing. So called because above the wing of the sphenoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the sphenoid. -- n. The epipteric bone.

Ep`ip*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Pref. epi- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone. -- n. An epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls of many lizards.

Ep`i*pu"bic (?), a. Relating to the epipubis.

||Ep`i*pu"bis (?), n.; pl. Epipubes (#). [NL., epi- + pubis.] (Anat.) A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians and other animals.

E*pis"co*pa*cy (?), n. [See Episcopate.] Government of the church by bishops; church government by three distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and deacons -- of whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind.

E*pis"co*pal (?), a. [L. episcopalis, fr. episcopus: cf. F. épiscopal. See Bishop.] 1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church.

2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal jurisdiction or authority; the episcopal system.

E*pis`co*pa"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.

E*pis`co*pa"li*an, n. One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy.

E*pis"co*pal*ly (?), adv. By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.

E*pis"co*pant (?), n. A bishop. [Obs.] Milton.

E*pis`co*pa"ri*an (?), a. Episcopal. [R.] Wood.

E*pis"co*pate (?), n. [L. episcopatus, fr. episcopus: cf. F. épiscopat. See Bishop.] 1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.

2. The collective body of bishops.

3. The time of a bishop's rule.

E*pis"co*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Episcopated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Episcopating.] To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.]

> Feeding the flock episcopating.

Milton.

E*pis"co*pi*cide (?), n. [L. episcopus bishop + caedere to kill.] The killing of a bishop.

E*pis"co*pize (?), v. t. To make a bishop of by consecration. Southey.

E*pis"co*pize, v. i. To perform the duties of a bishop.

E*pis"co*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See Bishop.] 1. Survey; superintendence. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Episcopacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Ep`i*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. epi- + sepal.] (Bot.) Growing on the sepals or adnate to them.

Ep`i*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref. epi- + skeleletal.] (Anat.) Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial.

Ep`i*so"dal (?), a. Same as Episodic.

Ep"i*sode (?), n. [Gr. &?; a coming in besides, &?; episode; &?; into, besides + &?; a coming in, &?; into + &?; way, cf. Skr. sad to go: cf. F. épisode.] (Rhet.) A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.

Ep`i*so"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic.

{ Ep`i*so"dic (?), Ep`i*so"dic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. épisodique. See Episode.] Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious. -- Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly, adv.

> Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely episodical though it be, is an excellent English portrait.

H. James.

||Ep`i*spa"di*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; to draw, rend.] (Med.) A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the penis, instead of at its extremity.

Ep"i*spas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to draw to, attract; &?; to + &?; to draw: cf. F. épispastique.] (Med.) Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering.

Ep"i*spas"tic, n. (Med.) An external application to the skin, which produces a puriform or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a vesicatory.

Ep"i*sperm (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; seed: cf. F. épisperme.] (Bot.) The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See Testa.

Ep`i*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a seed.

Ep"i*spore (?), n. [Pref. epi- + spore.] (Bot.) The thickish outer coat of certain spores.

||Ep`i*stax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; to drop.] (Med.) Bleeding at the nose.

E*pis`te*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; knowledge + -logy.] The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge.

Ep`i*ster"nal (?), a. (Anat. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the episternum.

||Ep`i*ster"num (?), n.; pl. Episterna (#). [NL. See Epi-, and Sternum.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A median bone connected with the sternum, in many vertebrates; the interclavicle. (b) Same as Epiplastron.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum in the thorax of insects.

Ep`i*stil"bite (?), n. [Pref. epi- + stilbite.] (Min.) A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

E*pis"tle (?), n. [OE. epistle, epistel, AS. epistol, pistol, L. epistola, fr. Gr. &?; anything sent by a messenger, message, letter, fr. &?; to send to, tell by letter or message; 'epi` upon, to + &?; to dispatch, send; cf. OF. epistle, epistre, F. épître. See Stall.] 1. A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a written communication; a letter; -- applied usually to formal, didactic, or elegant letters.

> A madman's epistles are no gospels.

Shak.

2. (Eccl.) One of the letters in the New Testament which were addressed to their Christian brethren by Apostles.

Epistle side, the right side of an altar or church to a person looking from the nave toward the chancel.

> One sees the pulpit on the epistle side.

R. Browning.

E*pis"tle, v. t. To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing. [Obs.] Milton.

E*pis"tler (?), n. 1. A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New Testament. M. Arnold.

2. (Eccl.) The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the communion service.

E*pis"to*lar (?), a. Epistolary. Dr. H. More.

E*pis"to*la*ry (?), a. [L. epistolaris, fr. epistola: cf. F. épistolaire.] 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence; as, an epistolary style.

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2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters. "Epistolary correspondence." Addison.

Ep`is*to"le*an (p`s*t"l*an), n. One who writes epistles; a correspondent. Mary Cowden Clarke.

E*pis"to*ler (*ps"t*lr), n. (Eccl.) One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion service; an epistler.

E*pis"to*let (-lt), n. A little epistle. Lamb.

{ Ep`is*tol"ic (?), Ep`is*tol"ic*al (?), } a. [L. epistolicus, Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of letters; epistolary.

E*pis"to*lize (?), v. i. To write epistles.

E*pis"to*li`zer (?), n. A writer of epistles.

E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; : cf. F. épistolographique.] Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing letters; epistolary.

Epistolographic character or mode of writing, the same as Demotic character. See under Demotic.

E*pis`to*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; epistle + -graphy: cf. F. épistolographie.] The art or practice of writing epistles.

{ ||E*pis"to*ma (?), Ep"i*stome (?), } n. [NL. epistoma, fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoöl.) (a) The region between the antennæ and the mouth, in Crustacea. (b) A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa. See Illust., under Entoprocta.

||E*pis"tro*phe (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?; a turning toward, return, fr. &?; to turn toward; 'epi` upon, to + &?; to turn.] (Rhet.) A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or affirmation; e. g., "Are they Hebrews? so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I." 2 Cor. xi. 22.

Ep"i*style (?), n. [L. epistylium, Gr. &?;; 'epi` upon + &?; column: cf. F. épistyle.] (Anc. Arch.) A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the abacus of the capital of a column or pillar; -- now called architrave.

Ep`i*syl"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. epi- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism, called, in relation to this, the prosyllogism.

Ep"i*taph (?), n. [F. épitaphe, L. epitaphium a funeral oration, fr. Gr. &?;, orig. an adj., over or at a tomb; 'epi` upon + &?; tomb. Cf. Cenotaph.] 1. An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral inscription.

> Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb.

Shak.

2. A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a monument, as that concerning Alexander: "Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis."

Ep"i*taph, v. t. To commemorate by an epitaph. [R.]

> Let me be epitaphed the inventor of English hexameters.

G. Harvey.

Ep"i*taph, v. i. To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph. [R.]

> The common in their speeches epitaph upon him . . . "He lived as a wolf and died as a dog."

Bp. Hall.

Ep"i*taph`er (?), n. A writer of epitaphs. Nash.

{ Ep`i*taph"i*al (?), Ep`i*taph"i*an (?), } a. Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph.

> The noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech.

Milton.

> Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too literally.

Lowell.

Ep`i*taph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian. -- n. An epitaph. Udall.

Ep"i*taph`ist (?), n. An epitapher.

||E*pit"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a stretching, fr. &?; to stretch upon or over; 'epi` upon + &?; to stretch.] 1. That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem, and the like, and leads on to the catastrophe; -- opposed to protasis.

2. (Med.) The period of violence in a fever or disease; paroxysm. Dunglison.

Ep`i*tha*lam"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium.

Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Epithalamiums (#), L. Epithalamia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; , orig. an adj., nuptial; 'epi` upon, at + &?; bride chamber.] A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom.

> The kind of poem which was called epithalamium . . . sung when the bride was led into her chamber.

B. Jonson.

Ep`i*thal"a*my (?), n.; pl. Epithalamies (&?;). Epithalamium. [R.] Donne.

||Ep`i*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; a case, box, fr. &?; to place.] (Zoöl.) A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers more or less of the exterior of many corals.

Ep`i*the"li*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to epithelium; as, epithelial cells; epithelial cancer.

Ep`i*the"li*oid (?), a. [Epithelium + -oid.] (Anat.) Like epithelium; as, epithelioid cells.

||Ep`i*the`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL. See Epithelium, and -oma.] (Med.) A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; -- called also epithelial cancer.

Ep`i*the"li*um (?), n.; pl. E. Epitheliums (#), L. Epithelia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; nipple.] (Anat.) The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal and all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood vessels and lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often includes the epidermis (i. e., keratin-producing epithelial cells), and it is sometimes restricted to the alimentary canal, the glands and their appendages, -- the term endothelium being applied to the lining membrane of the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.

Ep`i*the"loid (?), a. (Anat.) Epithelioid.

Ep"i*them (?), n. [L. epithema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to lay or put on: cf. F. épithème. See Epithet.] (Med.) Any external topical application to the body, except ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.

||Ep`i*the"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; a case, box, fr. &?; to place.] (Zoöl.) A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds.

||E*pith"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a putting on; 'epi` upon + &?; to place.] The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without changing its sense; as, numb for num, whilst for whiles.

Ep"i*thet (?), n. [L. epitheton, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; added, fr. &?; to add; 'epi` upon, to + &?; to put, place: cf. F. épithète. See Do.] 1. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation, that is properly or specially appropriate to a person or thing; as, a just man; a verdant lawn.

> A prince [Henry III.] to whom the epithet "worthless" seems best applicable.

Hallam.

2. Term; expression; phrase. "Stuffed with epithets of war." Shak.

Syn. -- Epithet, Title. The name epithet was formerly extended to nouns which give a title or describe character (as the "epithet of liar"), but is now confined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetoricians, as Whately, restrict it still further, considering the term epithet as belonging only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those which add nothing to the sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied therein; as, the bright sun, the lofty heavens, etc. But this restriction does not prevail in general literature. Epithet is sometimes confounded with application, which is always a noun or its equivalent.

Ep"i*thet, v. t. To describe by an epithet. [R.]

> Never was a town better epitheted.

Sir H. Wotton.

{ Ep`i*thet"ic (?), Ep`i*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; added.] Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets. "In epithetic measured prose." Lloyd.

Ep"i*thite (?), n. [Gr. &?; impostor.] A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant. [Obs.] Mason.

Ep`i*thu*met"ic (?), a. Epithumetical. [Obs.]

Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to long for, lust after; 'epi` + qymo`s soul, heart, desire.] Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual. Sir T. Browne.

Ep`i*tith"i*des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to place upon. See Epithet.] (Arch.) The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature.

E*pit"o*ma`tor (?), n. [LL.] An epitomist. Sir W. Hamilton.

E*pit"o*me (?), n.; pl. Epitomes (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; a surface incision, also, and abridgment, fr. &?; to cut into, cut short; 'epi` upon + te`mnein to cut: cf. F. épitome. See Tome.] 1. A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced within a smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a brief summary; an abridgement.

> [An] epitome of the contents of a very large book.

Sydney Smith.

2. A compact or condensed representation of anything.

> An epitome of English fashionable life.

Carlyle.

> A man so various that he seemed to be
> Not one, but all mankind's epitome.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis; abbreviature. See Abridgment.

E*pit"o*mist (?), n. One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer. Milton.

E*pit"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epitomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Epitomizing.] 1. To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; as, to epitomize the works of Justin.

2. To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; as, to epitomize words. [Obs.] Addison.

E*pit"o*mi`zer (?), n. An epitomist. Burton.

Ep"i*trite (?), n. [Gr. &?; containing an integer and one third (i. e., , or in the ratio of 4 to 3); 'epi` upon, over + &?; the third: cf. L. epitritos, F. épitrite.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short syllable.

It is so called from being compounded of a spondee (which contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee (which contains 3 times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th epitrite according as the short syllable stands 1st, 2d, etc.

||Ep`i*troch"le*a (?), n. [NL. See Epi-, and Trochlea.] (Anat.) A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the humerus; the external condyle.

Ep`i*troch"le*ar (?), a. Relating to the epitrochlea.

Ep`i*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref. epi- + Gr. &?; wheel + -oid.] (Geom.) A kind of curve. See Epicycloid, any Trochoid.

||E*pit"ro*pe (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; reference, arbitration, fr. &?; to turn over, to give up, yield; 'epi` upon, over + &?; to turn.] (Rhet.) A figure by which permission is either seriously or ironically granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do; e. g., "He that is unjust, let him be unjust still."

||Ep`i*zeux"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a fastening together, repetition, fr. &?; to fasten to or upon; 'epi` upon + &?; to join, yoke.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis, as in the following lines: -

> Alone, alone, all all alone,
> Alone on a wide wide sea.

Coleridge.

Ep`i*zo"an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An epizoön.

Ep`i*zo"ic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said of external parasites.

||Ep`i*zo"ön (?), n.; pl. Epizoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'epi` upon + zw^,on animal.] (Zoöl.) One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various kinds, which live parasitically upon the exterior of other animals; an ectozoön. Among them are the lice, ticks, many acari, the lerneans, or fish lice, and other crustaceans.

Ep`i*zo*öt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. épizoötique.] 1. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to an epizoön.

2. (Geol.) Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks, formations, mountains, and the like. [Obs.]

> Epizoötic mountains are of secondary formation.

Kirwan.

3. Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among men.

{ Ep`i*zo"ö*ty (?), Ep`i*zo*öt"ic (?) }, n. [F. épizoötie.] An epizoötic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among horses.

Ep"och (p"k or "pk; 277), n. [LL. epocha, Gr. 'epochh` check, stop, an epoch of a star, an historical epoch, fr. 'epe`chein to hold on, check; 'epi` upon + 'e`chein to have, hold; akin to Skr. sah to overpower, Goth. sigis victory, AS. sigor, sige, G. sieg: cf. F. époque. See Scheme.] 1. A fixed point of time, established in history by the occurrence of some grand or remarkable event; a point of time marked by an event of great subsequent influence; as, the epoch of the creation; the birth of Christ was the epoch which gave rise to the Christian era.

> In divers ages, . . . divers epochs of time were used.

Usher.

> Great epochs and crises in the kingdom of God.

Trench.

> The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event which makes the 30th of June, 1688, a great epoch in history.

Macaulay.

Epochs mark the beginning of new historical periods, and dates are often numbered from them.

2. A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events of great subsequent influence; a memorable period; as, the epoch of maritime discovery, or of the Reformation. "So vast an epoch of time." F. Harrison.

> The influence of Chaucer continued to live even during the dreary interval which separates from one another two important epochs of our literary history.

A. W. Ward.

3. (Geol.) A division of time characterized by the prevalence of similar conditions of the earth; commonly a minor division or part of a period.

> The long geological epoch which stored up the vast coal measures.

J. C. Shairp.

4. (Astron.) (a) The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or position. (b) An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are given; as, the epoch of Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st, 1860.

Syn. -- Era; time; date; period; age. -- Epoch, Era. We speak of the era of the Reformation, when we think of it as a period, during which a new order of things prevailed; so also, the era of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the time as marked by certain great events, or as a period in which great results were effected, we should have called the times when these events happened epochs, and the whole period an epoch.

> The capture of Constantinople is an epoch in the history of Mahometanism; but the flight of Mahomet is its era.

C. J. Smith.

||Ep"o*cha (?), n. [L.] See Epoch. J. Adams.

Ep"o*chal (?), a. Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch. "Epochal points." Shedd.

Ep"ode (?), n. [L. epodos, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., singing to, sung or said after, fr. &?; to sing to; 'epi` upon, to + &?; to sing: cf. F. épode. See Ode.] (Poet.) (a) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe, and epode. (b) A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one; as, the Epodes of Horace. It does not include the elegiac distich.

E*pod"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode.

{ Ep"o*nym, Ep"o*nyme } (?), n. [Cf. F. éponyme. See Eponymous.] 1. The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person from whom any race, city, etc., took its name; as, Hellen is an eponym of the Hellenes.

2. A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived from that of an individual.

Ep`o*nym"ic (?), a. Same as Eponymous.

> Tablets . . . which bear eponymic dates.

I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

E*pon"y*mist (?), n. One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its name; an eponym.

E*pon"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; 'epi` upon, to + &?; for &?; name.] Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people, country, and the like.

> What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the Spartan kings, when it is admitted that eponymous persons are to be canceled as fictions?

Grote.

E*pon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a surname given after some person or thing.] The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that of a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc.

||Ep`o*öph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; egg + fe`rein to bear.] (Anat.) See Parovarium.

{ Ep"o*pee` (?), ||Ep`o*pœ"ia (?), } n. [F. épopée, Gr. &?;; 'e`pos song + &?; to make. See Epos.] An epic poem; epic poetry.

Ep"opt (?), n. [Gr. &?; one initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries.] One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system. Carlyle.

||Ep"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] An epic.

Ep`o*ta"tion (?), n. [L. epotare, epotatum, to drink; e out + potare to drink.] A drinking up; a quaffing. [Obs.] Feltham.

||É`prou`vette" (?), n. [F.] (Gun.) An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of gunpowder.

Ep"som*ite (?), n. Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt.

{ Ep"som salts` or salt` (?) }. (Med.) Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; -- originally prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at Epsom, England, -- whence the name; afterwards prepared from sea water; but now from certain minerals, as from siliceous hydrate of magnesia.

<! p. 504 !>

Ep"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. epularis, fr. epulum a feast: cf. F. épulaire.] Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet. [Obs.] Smart.

Ep`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast; banquet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||E*pu"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a gumboil; Gr. 'epi` upon + &?; gums.] (Med.) A hard tumor developed from the gums.

Ep"u*lose` (?), a. [L. epulum a feast.] Feasting to excess. [Obs.]

Ep`u*los"i*ty (?), n. A feasting to excess. [Obs.]

Ep`u*lot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to scar over or heal; 'epi` upon, over + &?; whole.] Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; as, an epulotic ointment. -- n. An epulotic agent.

Ep`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. e out, quite + purare to purify, purus pure.] Purification.

||É`pure" (?), n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of the full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing.

E`qua*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. aequabilitas, fr. aequabilis. See Equable.] The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of the mind.

> For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom.

Ray.

E"qua*ble (?; 277), a. [L. aequabilis, fr. aequare to make level or equal, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.] 1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; -- said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; as, an equable plain or globe.

2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; -- said of the feelings or temper.

E"qua*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being equable.

E"qua*bly, adv. In an equable manner.

E"qual (?), a. [L. aequalis, fr. aequus even, equal; akin to Skr. &?;ka, and perh. to L. unus for older oinos one, E. one.] 1. Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.; having the same magnitude, the same value, the same degree, etc.; -- applied to number, degree, quantity, and intensity, and to any subject which admits of them; neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less, better nor worse; corresponding; alike; as, equal quantities of land, water, etc. ; houses of equal size; persons of equal stature or talents; commodities of equal value.

2. Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having competent power, abilities, or means; adequate; as, he is not equal to the task.

> The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to fight with the English.

Clarendon.

> It is not permitted to me to make my commendations equal to your merit.

Dryden.

> Whose voice an equal messenger
> Conveyed thy meaning mild.

Emerson.

3. Not variable; equable; uniform; even; as, an equal movement. "An equal temper." Dryden.

4. Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side; characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable; just.

> Are not my ways equal?

Ezek. xviii. 29.

> Thee, O Jove, no equal judge I deem.

Spenser.

> Nor think it equal to answer deliberate reason with sudden heat and noise.

Milton.

5. Of the same interest or concern; indifferent.

> They who are not disposed to receive them may let them alone or reject them; it is equal to me.

Cheyne.

6. (Mus.) Intended for voices of one kind only, either all male or all female; -- opposed to mixed. [R.]

7. (Math.) Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity.

Equal temperament. (Mus.) See Temperament.

Syn. -- Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate; commensurate; fair; just; equitable.

E"qual, n. 1. One not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be taken from equals the remainders are equal."

> Those who were once his equals envy and defame him.

Addison.

2. State of being equal; equality. [Obs.] Spenser.

E"qual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equaled (?) or Equalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Equaling or Equalling.] 1. To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the same value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to be commen&?;urate with.

> On me whose all not equals Edward's moiety.

Shak.

2. To make equal return to; to recompense fully.

> Who answered all her cares, and equaled all her love.

Dryden.

3. To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare or regard as equals; to put on equality.

> He would not equal the mind that he found in himself to the infinite and incomprehensible.

Berkeley.

E*qual`i*ta"ri*an (?), n. One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a leveler.

E*qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Equalities (#). [L. aequalitas, fr. aequalis equal. See Equal.] 1. The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in quantity or degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value, rank, properties, etc.; as, the equality of two bodies in length or thickness; an equality of rights.

> A footing of equality with nobles.

Macaulay.

2. Sameness in state or continued course; evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of temper or constitution.

3. Evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of surface.

4. (Math.) Exact agreement between two expressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity; -- denoted by the symbol =; thus, a = x signifies that a contains the same number and kind of units of measure that x does.

Confessional equality. See under Confessional.

E`qual*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.

> Their equalization with the rest of their fellow subjects.

Burke.

E"qual*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equalizing (?).] [Cf. F. égaliser.] 1. To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in amount or degree as compared; as, to equalize accounts, burdens, or taxes.

> One poor moment can suffice
> To equalize the lofty and the low.

Wordsworth.

> No system of instruction will completely equalize natural powers.

Whately.

2. To pronounce equal; to compare as equal.

> Which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly prefer to the Iliad.

Orrery.

3. To be equal to; equal; to match. [Obs.]

> It could not equalize the hundredth part
> Of what her eyes have kindled in my heart.

Waller.

Equalizing bar (Railroad Mach.), a lever connecting two axle boxes, or two springs in a car truck or locomotive, to equalize the pressure on the axles.

E"qual*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, equalizes anything.

E"qual*ly, adv. In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike; evenly; justly; as, equally taxed, furnished, etc.

E"qual*ness, n. Equality; evenness. Shak.

E*quan"gu*lar (?), a. [See Equiangular.] Having equal angles; equiangular. [R.] Johnson.

E`qua*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. aequanimitas, fr. aequanimus: cf. F. équanimité. See Equanimous.] Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness; composure; as, to bear misfortunes with equanimity.

E*quan"i*mous (?), a. [L. aequanimus, fr. aequus equal + animus mind.] Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not easily elated or depressed. Bp. Gauden.

E"quant (?), n. [L. aequans, -antis, p. pr. of aequare: cf. F. équant. See Equate.] (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; -- called also eccentric equator.

E*quate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equated; p. pr. & vb. n. Equating.] [L. aequatus, p. p. of aequare to make level or equal, fr. aequus level, equal. See Equal.] To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common standard of comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; as, to equate payments; to equate lines of railroad for grades or curves; equated distances.

> Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and equates both to F[rench] rolle.

Skeat (Etymol. Dict. ).

Equating for grades (Railroad Engin.), adding to the measured distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent. -- Equating for curves, adding half a mile for each 360 degrees of curvature.

E*qua"tion (?), n. [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F. équation equation. See Equate.] 1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.

> Again the golden day resumed its right,
> And ruled in just equation with the night.

Rowe.

2. (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.

3. (Astron.) A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion.

Absolute equation. See under Absolute. -- Equation box, or Equational box, a system of differential gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time. -- Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse. -- Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for deducing the true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend, when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown quantities. -- Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of every point in the curve. -- Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the mean and apparent places of the equinox. -- Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the mean time of payment of several sums due at different times. -- Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round. -- Equation clock or watch, a timepiece made to exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. Knight. -- Normal equation. See under Normal. -- Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer; particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals. -- Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree containing one unknown quantity.

E*qua"tor (?), n. [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F. équateur equator. See Equate.] 1. (Geog.) The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres.

2. (Astron.) The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; - - so called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the equinoctial, and on maps, globes, etc., the equinoctial line.

Equator of the sun or of a planet (Astron.), the great circle whose plane passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution. -- Magnetic equator. See Aclinic.

E`qua*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. équatorial.] Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates; also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument.

E`qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.) An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope.

The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth.

E`qua*to"ri*al*ly, adv. So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.

Eq"uer*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Equerries (#). [F. écurie stable, for older escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with F. écuyer, OF. escuyer, squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura, sc&?;ra, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a root meaning to cover, protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See Esquire, and cf. Ecurie, Querry.] 1. A large stable or lodge for horses. Johnson.

2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their horses.

In England equerries are officers of the royal household in the department of the Master of the Horse.

Eq"ue*ry (?), n. Same as Equerry.

E*ques"tri*an (?), a. [L. equester, from eques horseman, fr. equus horse: cf. F. équestre. See Equine.] 1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; as, equestrian feats, or games.

2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian statue.

> An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains.

Spectator.

3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities or knights; as, the equestrian order. Burke.

E*ques"tri*an, n. One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.

E*ques"tri*an*ism (?), n. The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback; horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism.

E*ques"tri*enne` (?), n. [Formed after analogy of the French language.] A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.

E"qui- (?). [L. aequus equal. See Equal.] A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular.

E"qui*an`gled (?), a. [Equi- + angle.] Equiangular. [Obs.] Boyle.

E`qui*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Equi- + angular. Cf. Equangular.] Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is equiangular.

Equiangular spiral. (Math.) See under Spiral, n. -- Mutually equiangular, applied to two figures, when every angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the other.

E`qui*bal"ance (?), n. [Equi- + balance.] Equal weight; equiponderance.

E`qui*bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equibalanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equibalancing (?).] To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance; to equiponderate.

E`qui*cres"cent (?), a. [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.) Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable.

E`qui*cru"ral (?), a. [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal + crus, cruris, leg.] Having equal legs or sides; isosceles. [R.] "Equicrural triangles." Sir T. Browne.

E"qui*crure (?), a. Equicrural. [Obs.]

E`qui*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [Equi- + different: cf. F. équidifférent.] Having equal differences; as, the terms of arithmetical progression are equidifferent.

E`qui*dis"tance (?), n. Equal distance.

E`qui*dis"tant (?), a. [L. aequidistans, -antis; aequus equal + distans distant: cf. F. équidistant.] Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing. -- E`qui*dis"tant*ly, adv. Sir T. Browne.

E`qui*di*ur"nal (?), a. [Equi- + diurnal.] Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; -- applied to the equinoctial line. Whewell.

E"qui*form (?), a. [L. aequiformis; aequus equal + forma form.] Having the same form; uniform. -- E`qui*for"mi*ty (#), n. Sir T. Browne.

E`qui*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. aequilateralis; aequus equal + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. équilatéral.] Having all the sides equal; as, an equilateral triangle; an equilateral polygon.

Equilateral hyperbola (Geom.), one whose axes are equal. -- Equilateral shell (Zoöl.), one in which a transverse line drawn through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve, or divides it into two equal and symmetrical parts. -- Mutually equilateral, applied to two figures, when every side of the one has its equal among the sides of the other.

E`qui*lat"er*al, n. A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a figure of equal sides.

E`qui*li"brate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equilibrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equilibrating (?).] [L. aequilibratus in equilibrium; aequus equal + libra balance. See Equilibrium.] To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side; to keep in equipoise. H. Spenser.

<! p. 505 !>

E`qui*li*bra"tion (?), n. 1. Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced; equipoise.

> In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of equilibration are observed.

J. Denham.

2. (Biol.) The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a physiological balance. H. Spenser.

E`qui*lib"ri*ous (?), a. Evenly poised; balanced. Dr. H. More. -- E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly, adv.

E*quil"i*brist (?), n. One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous movements; a balancer.

> When the equilibrist balances a rod upon his finger.

Stewart.

E`qui*lib"ri*ty (?), n. [L. aequilibritas equal distribution. See Equilibrium.] The state of being balanced; equality of weight. [R.] J. Gregory.

E`qui*lib"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Equilibriums (#), L. Equilibria (#). [L. aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in equilibrium, level; aequus equal + libra balance. See Equal, and Librate.] 1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces.

2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to preserve the equilibrium of the body.

> Health consists in the equilibrium between those two powers.

Arbuthnot.

3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with consequent indecision and doubt.

Equilibrium valve (Steam Engine), a balanced valve. See under Valve.

E`qui*mo*men"tal (?), a. [Equi- + momental.] (Mech.) Having equal moments of inertia.

Two bodies or systems of bodies are said to be equimomental when their moments of inertia about all straight lines are equal each to each.

Equimomental cone of a given rigid body, a conical surface that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight line which moves in such manner that the moment of inertia of the given rigid body about the line is in all its positions the same.

E`qui*mul"ti*ple (?), a. [Equi- + multiple: cf. F. équimultiple.] Multiplied by the same number or quantity.

E`qui*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.) One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven times 2, or 14, and seven times 4, or 28, are equimultiples of 2 and 4.

E*qui"nal (?), a. See Equine. "An equinal shape." Heywood.

E"quine (?), a. [L. equinus, fr. equus horse; akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. a&?;va, OS. ehu, AS. eh, eoh, Icel. j&?;r, OIr. ech, cf. Skr. a&?; to reach, overtake, perh. akin to E. acute, edge, eager, a. Cf. Hippopotamus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse.

> The shoulders, body, things, and mane are equine; the head completely bovine.

Sir J. Barrow.

||E*quin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Equine.] (Med.) Glanders.

E`qui*noc"tial (?), a. [L. aequinoctials, fr. aequinoctium equinox: cf. F. équinoxial. See Equinox.] 1. Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time of equal day and night; as, the equinoctial line.

2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or equator; in or near that line; as, equinoctial heat; an equinoctial sun.

3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; as, an equinoctial gale or storm, that is, one happening at or near the time of the equinox, in any part of the world.

Equinoctial colure (Astron.), the meridian passing through the equinoctial points. -- Equinoctial line (Astron.), the celestial equator; -- so called because when the sun is on it, the nights and days are of equal length in all parts of the world. See Equator.

> Thrice the equinoctial line
> He circled.

Milton.

-- Equinoctial points (Astron.), the two points where the celestial and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being in the first point of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra. -- Equinoctial time (Astron.) reckoned in any year from the instant when the mean sun is at the mean vernal equinoctial point.

E`qui*noc"tial, n. The equinoctial line.

E`qui*noc"tial*ly, adv. Towards the equinox.

E"qui*nox (?), n. [OE. equinoxium, equenoxium, L. aequinoctium; aequus equal + nox, noctis, night: cf. F. équinoxe. See Equal, and Night.] 1. The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, that is, about March 21 and September 22. See Autumnal equinox, Vernal equinox, under Autumnal and Vernal.

> When descends on the Atlantic
> The gigantic
> Stormwind of the equinox.

Longfellow.

2. Equinoctial wind or storm. [R.] Dryden.

E`qui*nu"mer*ant (?), a. [Equi- + L. numerans, p. pr. of numerare to number.] Equal as to number. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

E*quip" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equipping.] [F. équiper to supply, fit out, orig. said of a ship, OF. esquiper to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG. scif, G. schiff, Icel. skip, AS. scip. See Ship.] 1. To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to fit out; to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient action in any way; to provide with arms or an armament, stores, munitions, rigging, etc.; -- said esp. of ships and of troops. Dryden.

> Gave orders for equipping a considerable fleet.

Ludlow.

2. To dress up; to array; accouter.

> The country are led astray in following the town, and equipped in a ridiculous habit, when they fancy themselves in the height of the mode.

Addison.

Eq"ui*page (?; 48), n. [F. équipage, fr. équiper. See Equip.] 1. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire.

> Did their exercises on horseback with noble equipage.

Evelyn.

> First strip off all her equipage of Pride.

Pope.

2. Retinue; train; suite. Swift.

3. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out.

> The rumbling equipages of fashion . . . were unknown in the settlement of New Amsterdam.

W. Irving.

Eq"ui*paged (?), a. Furnished with equipage.

> Well dressed, well bred.
> Well equipaged, is ticket good enough.

Cowper.

E*quip"a*ra*ble (?) a. [L. aequiparabilis.] Comparable. [Obs. or R.]

E*quip"a*rate (?) v. t. [L. aequiparatus, p. p. of aequiparare.] To compare. [R.]

E*quip"e*dal (?), a. [Equi- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.) Equal- footed; having the pairs of feet equal.

E`qui*pend"en*cy (?), n. [Equi- + pendency.] The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or determined either way. South.

E`qui*pen"sate (?), v. t. [Equi- + pensatus, p. p. of pensare to weigh. Cf. Equipoise.] To weigh equally; to esteem alike. [Obs.]

E*quip"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. équipement. See Equip.] 1. The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition. Burke.

> The equipment of the fleet was hastened by De Witt.

Hume.

2. Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an expedition or voyage; the collective designation for the articles comprising an outfit; equipage; as, a railroad equipment (locomotives, cars, etc. ; for carrying on business); horse equipments; infantry equipments; naval equipments; laboratory equipments.

> Armed and dight,
> In the equipments of a knight.

Longfellow.

E"qui*poise (?), n. [Equi- + poise.] 1. Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced, and hence equal; state of being equally balanced; -- said of moral, political, or social interests or forces.

> The means of preserving the equipoise and the tranquillity of the commonwealth.

Burke.

> Our little lives are kept in equipoise
> By opposite attractions and desires.

Longfellow.

2. Counterpoise.

> The equipoise to the clergy being removed.

Buckle.

{ E`qui*pol"lence (?), E`qui*pol"len*cy (?) }, n. [Cf. F. équipollence. See Equipollent.] 1. Equality of power, force, signification, or application. Boyle.

2. (Logic) Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which differ in language.

E`qui*pol"lent (?), a. [L. aequipollens; aequus equal + pollens, - entis, p. pr. of pollere to be strong, able: cf. F. équipollent.] 1. Having equal power or force; equivalent. Bacon.

2. (Logic) Having equivalent signification and reach; expressing the same thing, but differently.

E`qui*pol"lent*ly, adv. With equal power. Barrow.

{ E`qui*pon"der*ance (?), E`qui*pon"der*an*cy (?) }, n. [Equi- + ponderance: cf. F. équipondérance.] Equality of weight; equipoise.

E`qui*pon"der*ant (?), a. [Cf. F. équipondérant.] Being of the same weight.

> A column of air . . . equiponderant to a column of quicksilver.

Locke.

E`qui*pon"der*ate (?), v. i. [Equi- + L. ponderare to weigh. See Ponderate.] To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing. Bp. Wilkins.

E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. t. To make equal in weight; to counterbalance. "More than equiponderated the declension in that direction." De Quincey.

E`qui*pon"der*ous (?), a. [Equi- + L. pondus, ponderis, weight.] Having equal weight. Bailey.

E`qui*pon"di*ous (?), a. [L. aequipondium an equal weight; aequus equal + pondus weight.] Of equal weight on both sides; balanced. [Obs.] Glanvill.

E`qui*po*ten"tial (?), a. [Equi- + potential.] (Mech. & Physics) Having the same potential.

Equipotential surface, a surface for which the potential is for all points of the surface constant. Level surfaces on the earth are equipotential.

E`qui*rad"i*cal (?) a. [Equi- + radical.] Equally radical. [R.] Coleridge.

E`qui*ro"tal (?), a. [Equi- + L. rota wheel.] Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal rotation. [R.]

E`qui*se*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the Equisetaceæ, or Horsetail family.

E`qui*set"i*form (?), a. [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form of the equisetum.

||Eq`ui*se"tum (?), n.; pl. Equiseta (#). [L., the horsetail, fr. equus horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.] (Bot.) A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also called horsetails.

The Equiseta have hollow jointed stems and no true leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (E. hyemale) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of Dutch rush or scouring rush.

E*quis"o*nance (?), n. [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound: cf. F. équisonnance. See Sonant.] (Mus.) An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its octaves.

E*quis"o*nant (?) a. Of the same or like sound.

Eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. [F. équitable, from équité. See Equity.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an equitable decision; an equitable distribution of an estate; equitable men.

> No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was equitable.

Macaulay.

2. (Law) That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; as, an equitable estate; equitable assets, assignment, mortgage, etc. Abbott.

Syn. -- Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid; upright.

Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property.

Eq"ui*ta*bly, adv. In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be equitably administered.

Eq"ui*tan*cy (?), n. [Cf. LL. equitantia. See Equitant.] Horsemanship.

Eq"ui*tant (?), a. [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of equitare to ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.] 1. Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.

2. (Bot.) Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them, as in the iris.

Eq`ui*ta"tion (?), n. [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf. F. équitation.] A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.

> The pretender to equitation mounted.

W. Irving.

E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. aequus equal + tempus, temporis, time.] Contemporaneous. [Obs.] Boyle.

||Eq"ui*tes (?) n. pl [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom. Antiq.) An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.

Eq"ui*ty (?), n.; pl. Equities (#). [F. équité, L. aequitas, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.] 1. Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.

> Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity.

Tillotson.

2. (Law) An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc.

> I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.

Kent.

3. (Law) A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it.

> Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application.

Macaulay.

Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity tribunals are still maintained. See Chancery.

Equity of redemption (Law), the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at the appointed time. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty; uprightness. See Justice.

E*quiv"a*lence (?), n. [Cf. F. équivalence, LL. aequivalentia.] 1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions.

2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount.

3. (Chem.) (a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence. (b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.]

E*quiv"a*lence, v. t. To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

E*quiv"a*len*cy (?), n. Same as Equivalence.

E*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr. of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong, be worth: cf. F. équivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.] 1. Equal in worth or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning.

> For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent.

South.

2. (Geom.) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle.

<! p. 506 !>

3. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries.

E*quiv"a*lent (?), n. 1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done.

> He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . . During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse orators.

Macaulay.

2. (Chem.) That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: (a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16.

This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the conjectural expression atomic weight, with which, however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of, the atomic weight.

3. (Chem.) A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or more equivalents of base.

Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics), the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from 0° C. to 1° C., or from 32° F. to 33° F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.

E*quiv"a*lent, v. t. To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence. [R.]

E*quiv"a*lent*ly, adv. In an equal manner.

E`qui*val"ue (?), v. t. To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with another thing. W. Taylor.

{ E"qui*valve (?), E"qui*valved (?), } a. [Equi- + valve.] (Zoöl.) Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve shells.

E`qui*val"vu*lar (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Equivalve or Equivalved.

E*quiv"o*ca*cy (?), n. Equivocalness.

E*quiv"o*cal (?), a. [L. aequivocus: aequus equal + vox, vocis, word. See Equal, and Voice, and cf. Equivoque.] 1. (Literally, called equally one thing or the other; hence:) Having two significations equally applicable; capable of double interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous; uncertain; as, equivocal words; an equivocal sentence.

> For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or equivocal a nature as to be visible only to learned eyes.

Jeffrey.

2. Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected; as, his actions are equivocal. "Equivocal repentances." Milton.

3. Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful. "How equivocal a test." Burke.

Equivocal chord (Mus.), a chord which can be resolved into several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root; the chord of the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh.

Syn. -- Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate. -- Equivocal, Ambiguous. We call an expression ambiguous when it has one general meaning, and yet contains certain words which may be taken in two different senses; or certain clauses which can be so connected with other clauses as to divide the mind between different views of part of the meaning intended. We call an expression equivocal when, taken as a whole, it conveys a given thought with perfect clearness and propriety, and also another thought with equal propriety and clearness. Such were the responses often given by the Delphic oracle; as that to Cr&?;sus when consulting about a war with Persia: "If you cross the Halys, you will destroy a great empire." This he applied to the Persian empire, which lay beyond that river, and, having crossed, destroyed his own, empire in the conflict. What is ambiguous is a mere blunder of language; what is equivocal is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur at times from mere inadvertence. Equivocation is applied only to cases where there is a design to deceive.

E*quiv"o*cal, n. A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term; an equivoque.

> In languages of great ductility, equivocals like that just referred to are rarely found.

Fitzed. Hall.

E*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv. In an equivocal manner.

E*quiv"o*cal*ness, n. The state of being equivocal.

E*quiv"o*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Equivocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equivocating.] [L. aequivocatus, p. p. of aequivocari to be called by the same name, fr. L. aequivocus: cf. F. équivoquer. See Equivocal, a.] To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses, with intent to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead; as, to equivocate is the work of duplicity.

> All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to equivocate.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn. -- To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See Prevaricate.

E*quiv"o*cate (?), v. t. To render equivocal or ambiguous.

> He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation.

Sir G. Buck.

E*quiv`o*ca"tion (?), n. The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, with a purpose to mislead.

> There being no room for equivocations, there is no need of distinctions.

Locke.

Syn. -- Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See Equivocal, a., and Prevaricate, v. i.

E*quiv"o*ca`tor (?), n. One who equivocates.

> Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven.

Shak.

E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry (?), a. Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation.

{ Eq"ui*voque, Eq"ui*voke } (?), n. [F. équivoque. See Equivocal.] 1. An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations. Coleridge.

2. An equivocation; a guibble. B. Jonson.

E*quiv"o*rous (?), a. [L. equus horse + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on horseflesh; as, equivorous Tartars.

||E"quus (?), n. [L., horse.] (Zoöl.) A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc.

-er (?). 1. [AS. -ere; akin to L. -arius.] The termination of many English words, denoting the agent; -- applied either to men or things; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the end of names of places, -er signifies a man of the place; as, Londoner, i. e., London man.

2. [AS. -ra; akin to G. -er, Icel. -are, -re, Goth. -iza, -&?;za, L. - ior, Gr. &?;, Skr. -yas.] A suffix used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; as, warmer, sooner, lat(e)er, earl(y)ier.

E"ra (?), n.; pl. Eras (#). [LL. aera an era, in earlier usage, the items of an account, counters, pl. of aes, aeris, brass, money. See Ore.] 1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned.

> The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have been an era.

R. S. Poole.

2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under Christian).

> The first century of our era.

M. Arnold.

3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal stage of history; an epoch.

> Painting may truly be said to have opened the new era of culture.

J. A. Symonds.

Syn. -- Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See Epoch.

E*ra"di*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eradiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eradiating (?).] [Pref. e- + radiate.] To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. Dr. H. More.

E*ra`di*a"tion (?), n. Emission of radiance.

E*rad"i*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being eradicated.

E*rad"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eradicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eradicating (?).] [L. eradicatus, p. p. of eradicare to eradicate; e out + radix, radicis, root. See Radical.] 1. To pluck up by the roots; to root up; as, an oak tree eradicated.

2. To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; as, to eradicate diseases, or errors.

> This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might be eradicated by vigorous treatment.

Southey.

Syn. -- To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy; annihilate.

E*rad`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. eradicatio: cf. F. éradication.] 1. The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out; extirpation; utter destruction.

2. The state of being plucked up by the roots.

E*rad"i*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. éradicatif.] Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying thoroughly, as a disease or any evil.

E*rad"i*ca*tive, n. (Med.) A medicine that effects a radical cure. Whitlock.

E*ras"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being erased.

E*rase" (*rs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erased (-rst"); p. pr. & vb. n.. Erasing.] [L. erasus, p. p. of eradere to erase; e out + radere to scrape, scratch, shave. See Rase.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; as, to erase a word or a name.

2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of ideas in the mind or memory. Burke.

E*rased" (*rst"), p. p. & a. 1. Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated.

2. (Her.) Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is torn off; -- used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf. Couped.

E*rase"ment (rs"ment), n. The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration. Johnson.

E*ras"er (?), n. One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.

E*ra"sion (?), n. The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.

E*ras"tian (?; 106), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician and theologian of the 16th century. He held that the punishment of all offenses should be referred to the civil power, and that holy communion was open to all. In the present day, an Erastian is one who would see the church placed entirely under the control of the State. Shipley.

E*ras"tian*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The principles of the Erastains.

E*ra"sure (?; 135), n. [From Erase.] The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.

Er"a*tive (?), a. Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory poetry. Stormonth.

Er"a*to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to love.] (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.

Er"bi*um (?), n. [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where gadolinite is found. Cf. Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.

Er`ce*de"ken (?), n. [OE., fr. pref. erce- = archi- + deken a deacon.] An archdeacon. [Obs.]

Erd (?), n. [OE. erd, eard, earth, land, country, AS. eard; akin to OS. ard dwelling place, OHG. art plowing, tillage, Icel. örð crop, and to L. arare to plow, E. ear to plow.] The earth. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Erd shrew (Zoöl.), the common European shrew (Sorex vulgaris); the shrewmouse.

Ere (r or âr; 277), prep. & adv. [AS. r, prep., adv., & conj.; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. r, G. eher, D. eer, Icel. r, Goth. air. √204. Cf. Early, Erst, Or, adv.] 1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic]

> Myself was stirring ere the break of day.

Shak.

> Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore.

Dryden.

> Sir, come down ere my child die.

John iv. 49.

2. Rather than.

> I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave her.

Shak.

Ere long, before, shortly. Shak. -- Ere now, formerly, heretofore. Shak. -- Ere that, ∧ Or are. Same as Ere. Shak.

Ere (?), v. t. To plow. [Obs.] See Ear, v. t. Chaucer.

Er"e*bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Greek Myth.) A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through which the souls passed to Hades. See Milton's "Paradise Lost," Book II., line 883.

2. (Greek Myth.) The son of Chaos and brother of Nox, who dwelt in Erebus.

> To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile.

Shak.

E*rect" (?), a. [L. erectus, p. p. of erigere to erect; e out + regere to lead straight. See Right, and cf. Alert.] 1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect.

> Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall.

Milton.

> Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect -- a column of ruins.

Gibbon.

2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted.

> His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view
> Superior worlds, and look all nature through.

Pope.

3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed.

> But who is he, by years
> Bowed, but erect in heart?

Keble.

4. Watchful; alert.

> Vigilant and erect attention of mind.

Hooker.

5. (Bot.) Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached.

6. (Her.) Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.

E*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erected; p. pr. & vb. n. Erecting.] 1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc.

2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine.

3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify.

> That didst his state above his hopes erect.

Daniel.

> I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge.

Dryden.

4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer.

> It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance.

Barrow.

5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like. "To erect conclusions." Sir T. Browne. "Malebranche erects this proposition." Locke.

6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. "To erect a new commonwealth." Hooker.

Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted.

Syn. -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found.

E*rect", v. i. To rise upright. [Obs.]

> By wet, stalks do erect.

Bacon.

E*rect"a*ble (?) a. Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. Col. G. Montagu.

E*rect"er (?), n. An erector; one who raises or builds.

E*rect"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. érectile.] Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated.

Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains.

E`rec*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being erectile.

E*rec"tion (?), n. [L. erectio: cf. F. érection.] 1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.

2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes.

> Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up.

Sidney

3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.

4. Anything erected; a building of any kind.

5. (Physiol.) The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue.

<! p. 507 !>

E*rect"ive (?), a. Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.

E*rect"ly, adv. In an erect manner or posture.

E*rect"ness, n. Uprightness of posture or form.

E*rec"to-pat"ent (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or spreading.

2. (Zoöl.) Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of the wings of certain insects.

E*rec"tor (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, erects.

2. (Anat.) A muscle which raises any part.

3. (Physics) An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted.

Ere`long" (?; 115), adv. Before the &?;apse of a long time; soon; -- usually separated, ere long.

> A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him.

Spenser.

> The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep.

Milton.

||Er`e*ma*cau"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; quietly + &?; burning, fr. &?; to burn.] A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or of dead animals.

Er"e*mit*age (?), n. See Hermitage.

Er"e*mite (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit.

> Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite.

Keats.

{ Er`e*mit"ic (?), Er`e*mit"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude. "An eremitical life in the woods." Fuller. "The eremitic instinct." Lowell.

Er"e*mi`tish (?), a. Eremitic. Bp. Hall.

Er"e*mit*ism (?), n. The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life.

E`rep*ta"tion (?), n. [L. erepere to creep out; e out + repere to creep.] A creeping forth. [Obs.]

E*rep"tion (?), n. [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch away; e out + rapere to snatch.] A snatching away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Er"e*thism (?), n. [Gr. &?; irritation, fr. &?; to stir, rouse, fr. &?; to stir: cf. F. éréthisme.] (Med.) A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ. Hoblyn.

Er`e*this"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; irritating.] Relating to erethism.

{ Ere`while" (?), Ere`whiles" (?), } adv. Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic]

> I am as fair now as I was erewhile.

Shak.

||Erf (?), n.; pl. Erven (#). [D.] A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony]

Erg (?), n. [Gr. &?; work.] (Physics) The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.

Er"gat (?), v. t. [L. ergo therefore.] To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] Hewyt.

||Er"go (?), conj. or adv. [L.] Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way. Shak.

Er"got (?), n. [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.] 1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea.

2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding.

3. (Far.) A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint.

4. (Anat.) See 2d Calcar, 3 (b).

Er*got"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid.

Er"go*tin (?), n. (Med.) An extract made from ergot.

Er"go*tine (?). (Chem.) A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the uterus.

Er"go*tism (?), n. [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.] A logical deduction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Er"got*ism (?), n. [From Ergot, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.] (Med.) A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the ergot fungus.

Er"got*ized (?), a. Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye.

{ Er"i*ach (?), Er"ic (?), } n. [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law) A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person.

E*ri"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers.

Er`i*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that family; consisting of heats.

E*ric"i*nol (*rs"*nl), n. [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.

E*ri"ci*us (?), n. [L., a hedgehog.] The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qipd, which in the "Authorized Version" is translated bittern, and in the Revised Version, porcupine.

> I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius and pools of waters.

Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version).

E*ric"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the Ericaceæ), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass.

E*rid"a*nus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, the Greek name of the River Po.] (Anat.) A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar.

Er"i*gi*ble (r"*j*b'l), a. [See Erect.] Capable of being erected. [Obs.]

E"rin ("rn), n. [Ir. Cf. Aryan.] An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.

Er`i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. erinaceus hedgehog.] (Zoöl.) Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog.

E*rin"go (?), n. The sea holly. See Eryngo.

Er"i*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; -- so called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs.

E*rin"ys (?), n.; pl. Erinyes (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience personified. [Written also Erinnys.]

E`ri*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; wool + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.

||E*ris"ta*lis (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed larvæ) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt waters; -- also called drone fly.

{ E*ris"tic (?), E*ris"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to strive, wrangle, &?; strife.] Controversial. [Archaic]

> A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic logic.

Coleridge.

Erke (?), a. [Cf. Irk.] Slothful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Erl"king` (?), n. [G. erlkönig, fr. Dan. ellekonge elfking.] A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a spirit or natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to children.

Erme (?), v. i. [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. Yearn.] To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Er"me*lin (?), Er"mi*lin (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) See Ermine. Shenstone.

Er"min (?), n. [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.] An Armenian. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Er"mine (?), n. [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm&?;, szarmonys, weasel, cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL. armelinus, armellina, hermellina, and pellis Armenia, the fur of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the animal being found also in Armenia.] 1. (Zoöl.) A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M. erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.

2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white.

3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain. Chatham.

4. (Her.) One of the furs. See Fur (Her.)

Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent.

Ermine moth (Zoöl.), a white moth with black spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); -- so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.

Er"mine, v. t. To clothe with, or as with, ermine.

> The snows that have ermined it in the winter.

Lowell.

Er"mined (?), a. Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope.

Er"mines (?), n., Er"min*ois (&?;), n. (Her.) See Note under Ermine, n., 4.

Er"mit (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.]

{ Ern, Erne } (?), n. [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend, OHG. aro, G. aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. örn, Goth. ara, and to Gr. &?; bird. √11. Cf. Ornithology.] (Zoöl.) A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle (Haliæetus albicilla).

Ern (?), v. i. [Cf. Erme.] To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn. [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.] [Obs.]

Er"nest (?), n. See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Er"nest*ful (?), a. [See Earnest, a.] Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

E*rode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eroded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eroding.] [L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See Rodent.] To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh. "The blood . . . erodes the vessels." Wiseman.

> The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun.

Am. Cyc.

E*rod"ed, p. p. & a. 1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.) Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed.

E*rod"ent (?), n. [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere. See Erode.] (Med.) A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.

Er"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Erogating (?).] [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out + rogare to ask.] To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.]

Er`o*ga"tion (?), n. [L. erogatio.] The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

||E"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; love, &?; (personified) Eros, fr. &?; to love.] (Greek Myth.) Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.

E*rose" (?), a. [L. erosus, p. p. See Erode.] 1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.) Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed. -- E*rose"ly, adv.

E*ro"sion (?), n. [L. erosio. See Erode.] 1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away.

2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.

E*ro"sive (?), a. That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive. Humble.

E*ros"trate (?), a. [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.) Without a beak.

Er"o*teme (?), n. [Gr. &?; question.] A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.

||Er`o*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a questioning, fr. &?; to ask.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which a strong affirmation of the contrary, is implied under the form of an earnest interrogation, as in the following lines; -

> Must I give way and room to your rash choler?
> Shall I be frighted when a madman stares?

Shak.

{ E*rot"ic (?), E*rot"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. érotique. See Eros.] Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory.

E*rot"ic, n. An amorous composition or poem.

E*rot"i*cism (?), n. Erotic quality.

Er`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. Herpetologist.

Er`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. erpétologie.] (Zoöl.) Herpetology.

Err (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Erred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Erring (?; 277, 85).] [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG. irran, v. t., irr&?;n, v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre, Goth, aírzjan to lead astray, airzise astray.] 1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] "Why wilt thou err from me?" Keble.

> What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath erred.

Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12).

2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. "My jealous aim might err." Shak.

3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken.

> The man may err in his judgment of circumstances.

Tillotson.

4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin.

> Do they not err that devise evil?

Prov. xiv. 22.

5. To offend, as by erring.

Er"ra*ble (?), a. Liable to error; fallible.

Er"ra*ble*ness, n. Liability to error. Dr. H. More.

Er"ra*bund (?), a. [L. errabundus.] Erratic. "Errabund guesses." Southey.

Er"ran*cy (?), n. [L. errantia.] A wandering; state of being in error.

Er"rand (?), n. [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS. ærende, ærend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel. eyrendi, örendi, erendi, Sw. ärende, Dan. ærende; perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel. örr, and to L. oriri to rise, E. orient.] A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an errand; to do an errand. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere.

> I have a secret errand to thee, O king.

Judg. iii. 19.

> I will not eat till I have told mine errand.

Gen. xxiv. 33.

Er"rant (?), a. [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel, LL. iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L. errare to err. See Eyre, and cf. Arrant, Itinerant.] 1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct path; roving.

> Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of heaven.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant.

> Would make me an errant fool.

B. Jonson.

3. (Eng. Law) Journeying; itinerant; - - formerly applied to judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large. Mozley & W.

Er"rant, n. One who wanders about. [Obs.] Fuller.

||Er*ran"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. errare to wander. See Err.] (Zoöl.) A group of chætopod annelids, including those that are not confined to tubes. See Chætopoda. [Written also Errantes.]

Er"rant*ry (?), n. 1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures. Addison.

2. The employment of a knight-errant. Johnson.

||Er*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] See Erratum.

Er*rat"ic (?), a. [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf. F. erratique. See Err.] 1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the planets as distinguished from the fixed stars.

> The earth and each erratic world.

Blackmore.

2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct.

3. Irregular; changeable. "Erratic fever." Harvey.

Erratic blocks, gravel, etc. (Geol.), masses of stone which have been transported from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes. -- Erratic phenomena, the phenomena which relate to transported materials on the earth's surface.

Er*rat"ic, n. 1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character.

<! p. 508 !>

2. A rogue. [Obs.] Cockeram.

3. (Geol.) Any stone or material that has been borne away from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of rock; a bowlder.

In the plural the term is applied especially to the loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called drift.

Er*rat"ic*al (?), a. Erratic. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Er*rat"ic*al*ness, n.

Er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. erratio. See Err.] A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] Cockeram.

||Er*ra"tum (?), n.; pl. Errata (#). [L., fr. errare, erratum, to wander, err. See Err.] An error or mistake in writing or printing.

> A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage.

Cowper.

Er"rhine (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; in + &?;, &?;, nose: cf. F. errhin.] (Med.) A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. Coxe. -- a. Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus.

Er*ro"ne*ous (?), a. [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err. See Err.] 1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] "Erroneous circulation." Arbuthnot.

> Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision.

Sir I. Newman.

2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.]

> An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit.

Jer. Taylor.

3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Er*ro"ne*ous*ness, n.

Er"ror (?), n. [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr. errare to err. See Err.] 1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.]

> The rest of his journey, his error by sea.

B. Jonson.

2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.

3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.

> H&?; judgment was often in error, though his candor remained unimpaired.

Bancroft.

4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12.

5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position.

6. (Mensuration) (a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity. (b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error.

7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact.

8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base.

Law of error, or Law of frequency of error (Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity. -- Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable. -- Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier. Burrill.

Syn. -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See Blunder.

Er"ror*ful (?), a. Full of error; wrong. Foxe.

Er"ror*ist, n. One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error.

Ers (rs), n. [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.] (Bot.) The bitter vetch (Ervum Ervilia).

Erse (rs), n. [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.] A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders, Gaelic.

Erse, a. Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of Scotland, or to their language.

Ersh (rsh), n. See Arrish.

Erst (rst), adv. [Orig. superlative of ere; AS. rest. See Ere.] [Archaic] 1. First. Chaucer.

2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer.

> Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe.

A. W. Ward.

At erst, at first; at the beginning. -- Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer.

Erst`while" (-hwl"), adv. Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]

{ Er`u*bes"cence (?; 135), Er`u*bes"cen*cy (?), } n. [L. erubescentia: cf. F. érubescence.] The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of anything; a blushing.

Er`u*bes"cent (?), a. [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere to grow red; e out + rubescere. See Rubescent.] Red, or reddish; blushing. Johnson.

Er`u*bes"cite (?), n. (Min.) See Bornite.

||E*ru"ca (?), n.; pl. Erucæ (#). [L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of colewort.] (Zoöl.) An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.

E*ru"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous Mediterranean herbs (Eruca or Brassica); as, erucic acid, a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc.

E*ru"ci*from (?), a. [Eruca + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larvæ.

{ E*ruct" (?), E*ruc"tate (?) }, v. t. [L. eructare; e out + ructare to belch: cf. F. éructer.] To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell.

Er`uc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. eructatio: cf. F. éructation.] 1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.

E*ru"di*ate (?), v. t. [L. erudire.] To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.]

> The skillful goddess there erudiates these
> In all she did.

Fanshawe.

Er"u*dite (r"*dt; 135), a. [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire to free from rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis rude: cf. F. érudit. See Rude.] Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well instructed; learned. "A most erudite prince." Sir T. More. "Erudite . . . theology." I. Taylor. -- Er"u*dite`ly, adv. -- Er"u*dite`ness, n.

Er`u*di"tion (-dsh"n), n. [L. eruditio: cf. F. érudition.] The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship.

> The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded.

Steele.

> The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily upon him.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Literature; learning. See Literature.

Er"u*gate (?), a. [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to smooth; e out + ruga wrinkle.] Freed from wrinkles; smooth.

E*ru"gi*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. érugineux. See Æruginous.] Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; æruginous.

E*rum"pent (?), a. [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of erumpere.] (Bot.) Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through the texture of leaves.

E*rupt" (?), v. t. [See Eruption.] To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley.

E*rup"tion (?), n. [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to break out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. éruption. See Rupture.] 1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent commotion.

> All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's eruption.

W. Irving.

2. That which bursts forth.

3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation.

> He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions.

Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Med.) The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc.

E*rup"tion*al (?), a. Eruptive. [R.] R. A. Proctor.

E*rup"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. éruptif.] 1. Breaking out or bursting forth.

> The sudden glance
> Appears far south eruptive through the cloud.

Thomson.

2. (Med.) Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as, an eruptive fever.

3. (Geol.) Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic.

E*rup"tive, n. (Geol.) An eruptive rock.

||E*ryn"gi*um (*rn"j*m), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'hry`ggion, dim. of 'h`ryggos eryngo; cf. L. eryngion, erynge.] (Bot.) A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in appearance. Eryngium maritimum, or sea holly, has been highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied.

E*ryn"go (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Eryngium.

Er`y*sip"e*las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'erysi`pelas; 'eryqro`s red + pe`lla hide, skin. See Red, and Pell, n.] (Med.) St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.

Er`y*si*pel"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. 'erysi`pelas erysipelas + -oid.] Resembling erysipelas.

Er`y*si*pel"a*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. érysipélateux.] Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

Er`y*sip"e*lous (?), a. Erysipelatous.

||Er`y*the"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to redden, fr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Med.) A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms rose-colored patches of variable size.

Er`y*the*mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. érythématique.] (Med.) Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin; relating to erythema.

Er`y*them"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Relating to, or causing, erythema.

{ Er`y*thre"an, Er`y*thræ"an (?) }, a. [L. erythraeus; Gr. &?;, fr. 'eryqro`s red.] Red in color. "The erythrean main." Milton.

E*ryth"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.

{ E*ryth"rin, E*ryth"rine (?) }, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also erythric acid.

2. (Min.) See Erythrite, 2.

||Er`y*thri"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral tree; -- so called from its red flowers.

E*ryth"rism (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red: cf. F. érythrisme.] (Zoöl.) A condition of excessive redness. See Erythrochroism.

E*ryth"rite (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C4H6.(OH)4, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; -- called also erythrol, erythroglucin, erythromannite, pseudorcin, cobalt bloom, and under the name phycite obtained from the alga Protococcus vulgaris. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.

2. (Min.) A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as cobalt bloom; -- called also erythrin or erythrine.

E*ryth`ro*chro"ic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.

E*ryth"ro*chro*ism (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + &?; color.] (Zoöl.) An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.

E*ryth`ro*dex"trin (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + E. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See Dextrin.

E*ryth"ro*gen (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + -gen.] (Chem.) (a) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances. (b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained in flowers. (c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia.

E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + E. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.) A term applied by Brücke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.

Er"y*throid (?), a. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + -oid: cf. Gr. &?;.] Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster muscle).

Er`y*thro"le*ic (?), a. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.

Er`y*thro"le*in (?), n. [See Erythroleic.] (Chem.) A red substance obtained from litmus.

E*ryth`ro*lit"min (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + E. litmus.] (Chem.) Erythrolein.

||Er`y*thro"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a kind of plant, fr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.) A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal vanadium. [R.]

E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (?; 104), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark (Erythrophleum Guineense).

{ E*ryth"ro*phyll (?), Er`y*throph"yl*lin (?) }, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + &?; leaf.] (Physiol. Bot.) The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.

E*ryth"ro*sin (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] (Chem.) (a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin. (b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresceïn by the action of iodine.

||Er`y*throx"y*lon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 'eryqro`s red + &?; wood. So named from the red wood of some species.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca.

E*ryth"ro*zyme (?), n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red + &?; leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.

Es`ca*lade" (?), n. [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata), fr. Sp. escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale, v. t.] (Mil.) A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.

> Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery.

Buckminster.

Es`ca*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaladed; p. pr. & vb. n. Escalading.] (Mil.) To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as, to escalate a wall.

Es*cal"lop (?), n. See Escalop.

Es*cal"loped (?), a. See Escaloped.

Es*cal"op (?; 277), n. [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of meat. See Scallop.] 1. (Zoöl.) A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten. See Scallop.

2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See Scallop. "So many jags or escalops." Ray.

3. (a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence: (b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.

Es*cal"oped (?), a. 1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.

2. (Her.) Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales.

Escaloped oysters (Cookery). See under Scalloped.

Es*cam"bi*o (?), n. [LL. escambium, excambium. See Excamb.] (Eng. Law) A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea. Cowell.

Es*cap"a*ble (?), a. Avoidable.

Es`ca*pade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to escape. see Escape.] 1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol.

<! p. 509 !>

2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank. Carlyle.

Es*cape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping.] [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper, eschaper, F. echapper, fr. LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d Cape, and cf. Scape, v.] 1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger. "Sailors that escaped the wreck." Shak.

2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the fact escaped our attention.

> They escaped the search of the enemy.

Ludlow.

Es*cape", v. i. 1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by from or out of.

> Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behind&?;&?;

Keble.

2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm.

> Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they escaped with life.

Macaulay.

3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors.

> To escape out of these meshes.

Thackeray.

Es*cape", n. 1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape; also, the means of escape; as, a fire escape.

> I would hasten my escape from the windy storm.

Ps. lv. 8.

2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.]

> I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former escapes.

Burton.

3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit." Shak.

4. (Law) The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.

Escape is technically distinguishable from prison breach, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force. Wharton.

5. (Arch.) An apophyge.

6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.

7. (Elec.) Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation.

Escape pipe (Steam Boilers), a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve. -- Escape valve (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety valve. See under Relief, and Safety. -- Escape wheel (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement.

Es*cape"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. échappement. See Escape.] 1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]

2. Way of escape; vent. [R.]

> An escapement for youthful high spirits.

G. Eliot.

3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.

Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or verge, or crown, escapement, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement, in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement, having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of detached escapement, because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in chronometers; the remontoir escapement, in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape- wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement.

Es*cap"er (?), n. One who escapes.

Es*car"bun*cle (?), n. [OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle.] (Her.) See Carbuncle, 3.

Es*car`ga*toire" (?), n. [F. escargotière, fr. escargot snail.] A nursery of snails. [Obs.] Addison.

Es*carp" (?), n. [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.] (Fort.) The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp, and opposed to counterscarp.

Es*carp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escarped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping.] (Mil.) To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap. Carleton.

Es*carp"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. escarpement.] A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp.

-es"cent (?). [From the ending -escens, - entis, of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.] A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as, adolescent, effervescent, etc.

Esch`a*lot" (?), n. (Bot.) See Shallot.

Es"char (?), n. [L. eschara, Gr. &?;: cf. F. eschare. See Scar.] (Med.) A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics.

Es"char (?), n. [Ir.] (Geol.) In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams. [Written also eskar and esker.]

||Es"cha*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a grate, a pan of coals.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.

Es"cha*rine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharidæ.

Es`cha*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an eschar: cf. F. escharotique.] (Med.) Serving or tending to form an eschar; producing a scar; caustic.

Es`cha*rot"ic, n. (Med.) A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic.

Es`cha*to*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to the last or final things.

Es`cha*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; the furthest, last + -logy.] The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.

Es*chaunge" (?), n. Exchange. [Obs.]

Es*cheat" (?), n. [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr. OF. escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F. échoir) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex) + cheoir, F. choir, to fall, fr. L. cadere. See Chance, and cf. Cheat.] 1. (Law) (a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder. Tomlins. Blackstone. (b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same.

A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown. But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential. Tomlins. Kent.

(c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in possession. Blackstone.

2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.

3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return

> To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat.

Spenser.

Es*cheat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Esheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating.] (Law) To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture.

In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished. Kent. Bouvier.

Es*cheat", v. t. (Law) To forfeit. Bp. Hall.

Es*cheat"a*ble (?), a. Liable to escheat.

Es*cheat"age (?; 48), n. The right of succeeding to an escheat. Sherwood.

Es*cheat"or (?), n. (Law) An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them. Burrill.

Es"che*vin (?), n. [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate, alderman, F. échevin.] The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]

Es*chew" (es*ch"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eshewed (-ch"d); p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing.] [OF. eschever, eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG. sciuhen, G. scheuen; akin to E. sky. See Shy, a.] 1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of.

> They must not only eschew evil, but do good.

Bp. Beveridge.

2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.]

> He who obeys, destruction shall eschew.

Sandys.

Es*chew"er (?), n. One who eschews.

Es*chew"ment (?), n. The act of eschewing. [R.]

||Esch*scholtz"i*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy.

Es"chy*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; shame.] (Min.) A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents.

Es*coch"eon (?), n. Escutcheon. [Obs.]

{ Es`co*pet", ||Es`co*pette" (?) }, n. [Sp. escopeta, F. escopette.] A kind of firearm; a carbine.

||Es*co"ri*al (?), n. [Sp.] See Escurial.

Es"cort (?), n. [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide, fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere to correct, set right. See Correct.] 1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea.

> The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate.

Burke.

2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend.

Es*cort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting.] [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See Escort, n.] To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon.

Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany.

Es*cot" (?), n. [OF.] See Scot, a tax. [Obs.]

Es*cot", v. t. To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.] Shak.

||Es`couade" (?), n. See Squad,

Es*cout" (?), n. See Scout. [Obs.] Hayward.

Es*cribed" (?), a. [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.] Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced.

Es"cript (?), n. [OF.] A writing. [Obs.]

Es`cri*toire" (?), n. [OF. escritoire, F. écritoire, LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr. sribere to write. See Script, and cf. Scrutoire.] A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk.

Es`cri*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an escritoire.

Es*crod" (?), n. See Scrod, a young cod.

{ Es*crol", Es*croll" } (?), n. [See Escrow, Scroll.] 1. A scroll. [Obs.]

2. (Her.) (a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and supporting the crest. (b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is inscribed.

Es"crow (?), n. [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings, bond. See Scroll.] (Law) A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee. Blackstone.

Es"cu*age (?; 48), n. [OF. escuage, F. écuage, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire.] (Feud. Law) Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also scutage. Blackstone.

Es`cu*la"pi*an (?), n. Æsculapian.

Es`cu*la"pi*us (?), n. Same as Æsculapius.

Es"cu*lent (?), a. [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr. esca food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See Eat.] Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as, esculent plants; esculent fish.

> Esculent grain for food.

Sir W. Jones.

Esculent swallow (Zoöl.), the swallow which makes the edible bird's-nest. See Edible bird's- nest, under Edible.

Es"cu*lent, n. Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten by man.

Es*cu"lic (?), a. [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of the horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as, esculic acid.

Es*cu"lin (?), n. [See Esculic.] (Chem.) A glucoside obtained from the Æsculus hippocastanum, or horse-chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions. [Written also æsculin.]

Es*cu"ri*al (?), n. [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. escoria dross of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. &?;. Cf. Scoria.] A palace and mausoleum of the kings of Spain, being a vast and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid.

The ground plan is said to be in the form of a gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on a gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a projecting mass which stands for the handle.

Es*cutch"eon (?), n. [OF. escusson, F. écusson, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire, Scutcheon.] 1. (Her.) The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister.

The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point.

2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint.

3. (Naut.) That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R. H. Dane, Jr.

4. (Carp.) A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole.

5. (Zoöl.) The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area.

Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.

Es*cutch"eoned (?), a. Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign. Young.

Ese (?), n. Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Es`em*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr. 'es into, to + "en one + plastiko`s molded, formed. See Plastic.] Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.] Coleridge.

<! p. 510 !>

Es"er*ine (?; 104), n. [From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. ésérine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of Physostigma venenosum; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.

E*sex"u*al (?), a. [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.) Sexless; asexual.

Es*guard" (?), n. [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. égard. See Guard.] Guard. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Es"kar (?), or Es"ker }, n. (Geol.) See Eschar.

Es"ki*mo (?), n.; pl. Eskimos (#). [Originally applied by the Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh.] (Ethnol.) One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.]

Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of a breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.

Eskimo dog

Es*loin" (?), v. t. [See Eloign.] To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign. [Obs.]

> From worldly cares he did himself esloin.

Spenser.

Es"ne*cy (?), n. [See Eigne.] (Eng. Law) A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first after an inheritance is divided. Mozley & W.

E*sod"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; within + &?; way.] (Physiol.) Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to exodic.

E*soph"a*gal (?), a. (Anat.) Esophageal.

E`so*phag"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also œsophageal.]

E`so*phag"e*an (?), a. (Anat.) Esophageal.

E*soph`a*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. o'isofa`gos the esophagus + te`mnein to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage. [Written also œsophagotomy.]

E*soph"a*gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. o'isofa`gos; root of o'i`sw which is used as future of fe`rein to bear, carry (cf. Skr. v to go, drive) + fagei^n to eat.] (Anat.) That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive. [Written also œsophagus.]

{ E*so"pi*an (?), E*so"pic (?), } a. Same as Æsopian, Æsopic.

Es`o*ter"ic (s`*t"k), a. [Gr. 'eswteriko`s, fr. 'esw`teros inner, interior, comp. fr. 'e`sw in, within, fr. 'es, e'is, into, fr. 'en in. See In.] Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to exoteric.

> Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this esoteric class, with here and there a reader to understand them.

De Quincey.

Es`o*ter"ic*al (?), a. Esoteric.

Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly, adv. In an esoteric manner.

Es`o*ter"i*cism (?), n. Esoteric doctrine or principles.

Es`o*ter"ics (?), n. Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.

Es"o*ter*y (?), n. Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to exotery. A. Tucker.

||E"sox (?), n. [L., a kind of pike.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.

Es*pace" (?), n. Space. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Es"pa*don (?), n. [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada sword; or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.] A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. Wilhelm.

Es*pal"ier (?), n. [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr. spalla shoulder, the same word as F. épaule. See Epaulet.] (Hort.) A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained.

> And figs from standard and espalier join.

Pope.

Es*pal"ier, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espaliered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espaliering.] To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.

Es*par"cet (?), n. [F. esparcet, esparcette, éparcet, fr. Sp. esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.) The common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), an Old World leguminous forage plant.

||Es*par"to (?), n. [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A species of Spanish grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), of which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making paper.

||Es`pau`liere" (?), n. [OF. & F. épaulière. See Espalier.] A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of the modern epaulette. Fairholt.

Es*pe"cial (?), a. [OF. especial, F. spécial, L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality. See Species, and cf. Special.] Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.

Syn. -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar.

Es*pe"cial*ly, adv. In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree.

Es*pe"cial*ness (?), n. The state of being especial.

Es"pe*rance (?), n. [F. espérance, fr. L. sperans, p. pr. of sperare to hope.] Hope. [Obs.] Shak.

||Es`pi*aille" (?), n. Espial. [Obs.]

Es*pi"al (?), n. [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See Espy.] 1. The act of espying; notice; discovery.

> Screened from espial by the jutting cape.

Byron.

2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] "Their espials . . . brought word." Holland.

Es*pi"er (?), n. One who espies. Harmar.

Es"pi*nel (?), n. A kind of ruby. See Spinel.

Es"pi*o*nage (?; 277), n. [F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy.] The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.

Es`pla*nade" (?), n. [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada, explanada, cf. It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L. explanare to flatten or spread out. See Explain.] 1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country.

2. (Hort.) A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds.

3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.

Es*plees" (?), n. pl. [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf. Exploit.] (Old Eng. Law) The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable fields, the rents, services, and the like. Cowell.

Es*pous"age (?), n. Espousal. [Obs.] Latimer.

Es*pous"al (?), n. [OF. espousailles, pl., F. épousailles, L. sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to betrothal or espousal. See Espouse, and cf. Sponsal, Spousal.] 1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony.

2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel.

> The open espousal of his cause.

Lord Orford.

Es*pouse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espoused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espousing.] [OF. espouser, esposer, F. épouser, L. sponsare to betroth, espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p. of spondere to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. Spouse.] 1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse.

> A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph.

Luke i. 27.

2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry.

> Lavinia will I make my empress, . . .
> And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse.

Shak.

3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. "He espoused that quarrel." Bacon.

> Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the war.

Bp. Burnet.

Es*pouse"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. espousement.] The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.

Es*pous"er (?), n. One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or makes it his own.

||Es`pres*si"vo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) With expression.

Es*prin"gal (?), n. [See Springal.] (Mil. Antiq.) An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and other missiles; a springal.

||Es`prit" (?), n. [F. See Spirit.] Spirit.

Esprit de corps (&?;), a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.

Es*py" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Espying.] [OF. espier, F. épier, from OHG. speh&?;n to watch, spy, G. spähen; akin to L. specere to look, species sight, shape, appearance, kind. See Spice, Spy, and cf. Espionage.] 1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd.

> As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money.

Gen. xlii. 27.

> A goodly vessel did I then espy
> Come like a giant from a haven broad.

Wordsworth.

2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe.

> He sends angels to espy us in all our ways.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.

Es*py", v. i. To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take notice; to spy.

> Stand by the way, and espy.

Jer. xlviii. 19.

Es*py", n.; pl. Espies (#). [OF. espie. See Espy, v., Spy.] A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet.

-esque (?). [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. -ish.] A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque, after the manner of the Arabs.

Es"qui*mau (?), n.; pl. Esquimaux (#). [F.] Same as Eskimo.

> It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a civilized man can live also.

McClintock.

Es*quire" (?), n. [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer, F. écuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. &?; skin, hide, from a root meaning to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.] Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to squire.

In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.

Es*quire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.] To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend. [Colloq.]

||Es`quisse" (?), n. [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts) The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.

-ess (?). [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr. &?;.] A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess, songstress.

Es"say (?), n.; pl. Essays (#). [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay.] 1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold.

2. (Lit.) A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce.

3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.]

Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.

Es*say" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.] [F. essayer. See Essay, n.] 1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try.

> What marvel if I thus essay to sing?

Byron.

> Essaying nothing she can not perform.

Emerson.

> A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible.

J. C. Shairp.

2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.

Es*say"er (?), n. One who essays. Addison.

Es"say*ist (?; 277), n. A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.

Es"sence (?), n. [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.] 1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence.

2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts.

> The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under.

Landor.

> Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity].

Addison.

> The essence of Addison's humor is irony.

Courthope.

3. Constituent substance.

> And uncompounded is their essence pure.

Milton.

4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being.

> As far as gods and heavenly essences
> Can perish.

Milton.

> He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him.

W. Irving.

5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like.

> The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle.

J. S. Mill.

6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume.

> Nor let the essences exhale.

Pope.

Es"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing (?).] To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison.

Es*sene" (?), n.; pl. Essenes (#). [Gr. &?;, lit., physicians, because they practiced medicine, fr. Chald say to heal, cf. Heb. as.] One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

Es"se*nism (?), n. The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey.

Es*sen"tial (s*sn"sjal), a. [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.] 1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is.

> Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness.

Hawthorne.

2. Hence, really existing; existent.

> Is it true, that thou art but a name,
> And no essential thing?

Webster (1623).

3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary.

> Judgment's more essential to a general
> Than courage.

Denham.

> How to live? -- that is the essential question for us.

H. Spencer.

4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford.

<! p. 511 !>

5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.

6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases.

Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.

Es*sen"tial (s*sn"sjal), n. 1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.

2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials of religion.

Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer. Taylor.

Es*sen"tial*ly (?), adv. In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.

Es*sen"tial*ness, n. Essentiality. Ld. Digby.

Es*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Essentiating.] To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.

Es*sen"ti*ate, v. i. To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Es*soin" (?) or Es*soign }, n. [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunjn to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.] 1. (Eng. Law) An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.

2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.]

> From every work he challenged essoin.

Spenser.

Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.

Es*soin", v. t. [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law) To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee." Quarles.

Es*soin"er (?), n. (Eng. Law) An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

Es"so*nite (?), n. [Named from Gr. &?; inferior, because not so hard as some minerals it resembles, e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.) Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet.

Es"so*rant (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; -- said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.

Est (?), n. & adv. East. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-est (-st). [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, -str, Goth. -ists, -sts, Skr. -ishha.] A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.

Es*tab"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Establishing.] [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr. L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., -ish, and cf. Stablish.] 1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm.

> So were the churches established in the faith.

Acts xvi. 5.

> The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down.

Burke.

> Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self- control.

Bancroft.

2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.

> By the consent of all, we were established
> The people's magistrates.

Shak.

> Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed.

Dan. vi. 8.

3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions.

> He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited.

Is. xlv. 18.

> Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity!

Hab. ii. 12.

4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc.

> At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.

Deut. xix. 15.

5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.

Es*tab"lish*er (?), n. One who establishes.

Es*tab"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. establissement, F. établissement.] 1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.

2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.

3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment.

> Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment.

W. Irving.

Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.

Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley.

||Es`ta*cade" (?), n. [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf. Stake.] (Mil.) A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.

{ Es`ta*fet", ||Es`ta*fette" } (?), n. [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.] A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.

||Es*tan"ci*a (s*tn"th*), n. [Sp. See Stanza.] A grazing farm; a country house. [Spanish America]

Es*tate" (s*tt"), n. [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State.] 1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." Shak.

> Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate.

Romans xii. 16.

2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity.

> God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men.

Jer. Taylor.

3. A person of high rank. [Obs.]

> She's a duchess, a great estate.

Latimer.

> Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee.

Mark vi. 21.

4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death.

> See what a vast estate he left his son.

Dryden.

5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.]

> I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people.

Bacon.

6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons.

7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott.

The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.

Es*tate", v. t. 1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic]

> Then would I . . .
> Estate them with large land and territory.

Tennyson.

{ Es*tat"lich (?), Es"tat*ly (?), } a. [OE.] Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Es*teem" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.] [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.] 1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon.

> Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation.

Deut. xxxii. 15.

> Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence.

Bp. Gardiner.

> Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural.

Hawthorne.

2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship.

> Will he esteem thy riches?

Job xxxvi. 19.

> You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it.

Tennyson.

Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See Appreciate, Estimate.

Es*teem", v. i. To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.]

> We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force.

Milton.

Es*teem", n. [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price.

> Most dear in the esteem
> And poor in worth!

Shak.

> I will deliver you, in ready coin,
> The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave.

J. Webster.

2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.

> Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem.

Shak.

Syn. -- See Estimate, n.

Es*teem"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope.

Es*teem"er (?), n. One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.

> The proudest esteemer of his own parts.

Locke.

Es"ter (?), n. [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.] (Chem.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.

Es*the`si*om"e*ter (?), n. Same as Æsthesiometer.

Es"thete (?), n.; Es*thet"ic (&?;), a., Es*thet"ic*al (&?;), a., Es*thet"ics (&?;), n. etc. Same as Æsthete, Æsthetic, Æsthetical, Æsthetics, etc.

Es*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.] Producing heat. [R.] Smart.

Es"ti*ma*ble (?), a. [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See Esteem.] 1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. .

2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.]

> A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,
> Is not so estimable, profitable neither,
> As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats.

Shak.

3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.

> A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable.

Sir W. Temple.

Es"ti*ma*ble (?), n. A thing worthy of regard. [R.]

> One of the peculiar estimables of her country.

Sir T. Browne.

Es"ti*ma*ble*ness, n. The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

Es"ti*ma*bly, adv. In an estimable manner.

Es"ti*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estimating (?).] [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person.

> It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them.

Locke.

> It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living.

J. C. Shairp.

2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land.

Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate.

Es"ti*mate (?), n. A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond.

> Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed.

J. C. Shairp.

Syn. -- Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan.

> No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's
> Just estimation prized above all price.

Cowper.

Es`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See Esteem, v. t.] 1. The act of estimating. Shak.

2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities.

> If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him.

Lev. xxvii. 8.

3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor.

> I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders.

Wisdom viii. 10.

4. Supposition; conjecture.

> I speak not this in estimation,
> As what I think might be, but what I know.

Shak.

Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n.

Es"ti*ma*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. estimatif.] 1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating.

> We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty.

Sir M. Hale.

2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]

Es"ti*ma`tor (?), n. [L. aestimator.] One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.

Es"ti*val (?), a., Es"ti*vate (&?;), v. i., Es`ti*va"tion (&?;), n. Same as Æstival, Æstivate, etc.

||Es`toile" (?), n. [OF.] (Her.) A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.]

Estoile of eight points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. -- Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoilé, under Cross.

Es*top" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.] [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. sty`pph. Cf. Stop.] (Law) To impede or bar by estoppel.

> A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself.

Abbott.

Es*top"pel (?), n. [From Estop.] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.

<! p. 512 !>

Es*to"vers (s*t"vrz), n. pl. [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See Stover.] (Law) Necessaries or supplies; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony out of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone.

Common of estovers. See under Common, n.

Es`trade" (s`trd"), n. [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.) A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais.

> He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform.

J. G. Fitch.

||Es`tra`ma`con" (?), n. [F.] 1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries.

2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow.

Es*trange" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estranging.] [OF. estrangier to remove, F. étranger, L. extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. See Strange.] 1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with.

> We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced.

Glanvill.

> Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent.

Hooker.

2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate.

> They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods.

Jer. xix. 4.

3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference.

> I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me.

Pope.

> He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them.

Macaulay.

Es*tran"ged*ness (?), n. State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.

Es*trange"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. estrangement.] The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged; alienation.

> An estrangement from God.

J. C. Shairp.

> A long estrangement from better things.

South.

Es*tran"ger (?), n. One who estranges.

Es*tran"gle (?), v. t. To strangle. [Obs.]

Es`tra*pade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.

Es*tray" (?), v. i. To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.

Es*tray" n. (Law) Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill.

Es"tre (?), n. [OF. estre state, plan.] The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Es*treat" (?), n. [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L. extrahere. See Extract.] (Law) A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell.

Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill.

Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.

Es*trepe" (?), v. t. [OF. estreper.] (Law) To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.

Es*trepe"ment (?), n. [OF., damage, waste.] (Law) A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.

Es"trich (?), n. 1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Com.) The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.

Es"tu*ance (?), n. [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See Estuate.] Heat. [Obs.]

Es"tu*a*rine (?), a. Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.

Es"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Estuaries (#). [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.] 1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.

> it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries.

Dana.

Es"tu*a*ry, a. Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata. Lyell.

Es"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.] [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.&?; to burn. See Ether.] To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.

Es`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. aestuatio.] The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.

> The estuations of joys and fears.

W. Montagu.

||Es*tu"fa (?), n.; pl. Estufas (#). [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf. Stove.] An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H. Morgan.

Es"ture (?; 135), n. [See Estuate.] Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.

E*su"ri*ent (?), a. [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.] Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle.

E*su"ri*ent, n. One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]

> An insatiable esurient after riches.

Wood.

Es"u*rine (?), a. [See Esurient.] Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Es"u*rine, n. (Med.) A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]

-et (?). [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.] A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet.

||E*taac" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The blue buck.

E"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. &?; the letter &?;, &?;. Cf. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.) The pronunciation of the Greek η (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.

E"ta*cist (?), n. One who favors etacism.

||É`ta`gère" (?), n. [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage story, floor. See Stage.] A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt.

||É`tat" Ma`jor" (?). [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.) The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.

{ ||Et` cet"e*ra, ||Et` cæt"e*ra } (?). [L. et and + caetera other things.] Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.

Etch (?), n. A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] [D. etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen &?;&?;. See Eat.] 1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.

The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal.

> I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875.

Hamerton.

3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.]

> There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system.

Locke.

Etch, v. i. To practice etching; to make etchings.

Etch"er (?), n. One who etches.

Etch"ing, n. 1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t.

2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.

3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate.

Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. -- Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. -- Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.

E`te*os"tic (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, year + &?; row.] A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.

E*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [Pref. e- + terminable.] Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.

{ E*tern" or E*terne" (?) }, a. [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.] Eternal. [Poetic] Shak.

> Built up to eterne significance.

Mrs. Browning.

E*ter"nal (?), a. [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing.

> The eternal God is thy refuge.

Deut. xxxiii. 27.

> To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal.

Locke.

2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.

> That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory.

2 Tim. ii. 10.

3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant.

> And fires eternal in thy temple shine.

Dryden.

4. Existing at all times without change; immutable.

> Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed.

Dryden.

> What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times?

M. Arnold.

5. Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain."

The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.

Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.

E*ter"nal, n. 1. One of the appellations of God.

> Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work.

Hooker.

2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.

E*ter"nal*ist, n. One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T. Burnet.

E*ter"nal*ize (?), v. t. To make eternal. Shelton.

E*ter"nal*ly, adv. In an eternal manner.

> That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also eternally and unchangeably so.

South.

> Where western gales eternally reside.

Addison.

E*terne" (?), a. See Etern.

E*ter"ni*fy (?), v. t. To make eternal. [Obs.]

> Fame . . . eternifies the name.

Mir. for Mag.

E*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Eternities (#). [F. éternité, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.] 1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time.

> The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity.

Is. lvii. 15.

2. Condition which begins at death; immortality.

> Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die,
> Passing through nature to eternity.

Shak.

E*ter`ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.

E*ter"nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eterniziing.] [Cf. F. éterniser.] 1. To make eternal or endless.

> This other [gift] served but to eternize woe.

Milton.

2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits.

> St. Alban's battle won by famous York,
> Shall be eternized in all age to come.

Shak.

E*te"sian (?), a. [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; year: cf. F. étésien.] Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.

Eth"al (?), n. [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.) A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; -- called also cetylic alcohol. See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.

Eth"ane (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

Ethe (?), a. [See Eath.] Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Eth"el (?), a. [AS. e&?;ele, æ&?;ele. See Atheling.] Noble. [Obs.]

Eth"ene (?), n. (Chem.) Ethylene; olefiant gas.

E*then"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether.

Eth"e*nyl (?), n. [Ethene + - yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.

E`the*os"to*moid (?), a. [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma. -- n. Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; -- also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.

E"ther ("thr), n. [L. aether, Gr. a'iqh`r, fr. a'i`qein to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. éther.] [Written also æther.] 1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether.

Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. -- Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. -- Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

E*the"re*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions.

> Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger.

Milton.

2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc.

> Vast chain of being, which from God began,
> Natures ethereal, human, angel, man.

Pope.

3. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts.

Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. -- Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or œnanthic ether). -- Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.

E*the"re*al*ism (?), n. Ethereality.

E*the`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being ethereal; etherealness.

> Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics.

J. C. Shairp.

E*the`re*al*i*za"tion (?), n. An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.

E*the"re*al*ize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.

2. To render ethereal or spiritlike.

> Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world.

Hawthorne.

E*the"re*al*ly, adv. In an ethereal manner.

<! p. 513 !>

E*the"re*al*ness (?), n. Ethereality.

E*the"re*ous (?), a. [L. aethereus, Gr. &?; See Ether.] 1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.]

> This ethereous mold whereon we stand.

Milton.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or resembling, ether.

Ethereous oil. See Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.

E*ther"i*form (?), a. [Ether + form.] Having the form of ether.

E"ther*in, n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also concrete oil of wine.

E`ther*i*za"tion (?) n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.

E"ther*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Etherizing (?).] [Cf. F. éthériser.] 1. To convert into ether.

2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient.

E"ther*ol (?), n. [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.

{ Eth"ic (?), Eth"ic*al (?), } a. [L. ethicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to &?; custom, Goth. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh&?;, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh&?; to set: cf. F. éthique. See So, Do.] Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy.

> The ethical meaning of the miracles.

Trench.

Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How does my friend Celsus do?

Eth"ic*al*ly, adv. According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.

Eth"i*cist (?), n. One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.

Eth"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.] The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics.

> The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught.

I. Taylor.

Eth"ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.

Eth"i*dene (?), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) Ethylidene. [Obs.]

Eth"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Acetylene.

Eth`i*on"ic (?), a. [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called.

Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.

{ E"thi*op (?), E`thi*o"pi*an (?) }, n. [L. Aethiops, Gr. &?;; &?; to burn + &?; face.] A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.

{ E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic (?), } a. Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.

E`thi*op"ic, n. The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.

E"thi*ops (?) n. [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.) A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.]

Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. -- Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. -- Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.

{ Eth"moid (?), Eth*moid"al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; like a sieve; &?; sieve + &?; from: cf. F. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone.

Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.

Eth"moid (?) n. (Anat.) The ethmoid bone.

Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal (?), a. [Ethmoid + turbinal.] See Turbinal. - - n. An ethmoturbinal bone.

Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine (?), n. [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull.

Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.

Eth"narch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; nation + &?; leader, commander. See -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.) The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.

Eth"narch*y (?) n. [Gr. &?;.] The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.

{ Eth"nic (?), Eth"nic*al (?), } a. [L. ethnicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; nation, &?; &?; the nations, heathens, gentiles: cf. F. ethnique.] 1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.

2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.

Eth"nic (?) n. A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]

> No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs.

Milton.

Eth"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ethnical manner.

Eth"ni*cism (?) n. Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B. Jonson.

Eth*nog"ra*pher (?) n. One who investigates ethnography.

{ Eth`no*graph"ic (?), Eth`no*graph"ic*al (?), }. a. [Cf. F. ethnographique.] pertaining to ethnography.

Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnographical manner.

Eth*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; nation + -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.] That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology.

{ Eth`no*log"ic (?), Eth`no*log"ic*al (?), } a Of or pertaining to ethnology.

Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.

Eth*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.

Eth*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Gr. &?; nation + -logy.] The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.

{ Eth`o*log"ic (?), Eth`o*log"ic*al (?), } a [See Ethology.] treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill.

E*thol"o*gist (?) n. One who studies or writes upon ethology.

E*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a depicting of character; &?; custom, moral nature + &?; to speak.] 1. A treatise on morality; ethics.

2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill.

Eth"o*po*et"ic (?). [Gr. &?;; &?; custom, manners + &?; to make or form.] Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.

Eth"ule (?) [Ether + Gr. &?; substance, base. Cf. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.) Ethyl. [Obs.]

Eth"yl (?), n. [Ether + - yl.] (Chem.) A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether.

Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.

Eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.

Eth"yl*ate (-t), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.

Eth"yl*ene (-n), n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.

Ethylene series (Chem.), the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n.

E*thyl"ic (?). (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol.

E*thyl"i*dene (?). (Chem.) An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.

Eth"yl*in (?). (Chem.) Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.

Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric (?) a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.

Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.

E"ti*o*late (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Etiolating.] [F. étioler to blanch.] 1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.

2. (Med.) To become pale through disease or absence of light.

E"ti*o*late, v. t. 1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.

2. (Med.) To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.

{ E"ti*o*late (?), E"ti*o*la`ted, } a. Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.

E`ti*o*la"tion (?), n. 1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.

2. (Med.) Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease. Dunglison.

E"ti*o*lin (?), n. [See Etiolate.] (Bot.) A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll. Encyc. Brit.

E`ti*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; ætiological.

E`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. étiologie.] The science of causes. Same as &?;tiology.

Et"i*quette` (?), n. [F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket, OF. estiquete, of German origin; cf. LG. stikke peg, pin, tack, stikken to stick, G. stecken. See Stick, and cf. Ticket.] The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.

> The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth.

Prescott.

Et"na (?), n. A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp.

> There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in a hurry.

V. Baker.

Et*ne"an (?), a. [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. &?;, fr.&?; (L. Aetna, Aetne).] Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.

||É`toile" (`twäl"), n. [F.] (Her.) See Estoile.

E*tru"ri*an (?), a. Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "Etrurian Shades." Milton, -- n. A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

E*trus"can (?), n. [L. Etruscus.] Of or relating to Etruria. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Etruria.

Et"ter pike` (?), n. [Cf. Atter.] (Zoöl.) The stingfish, or lesser weever (Tranchinus vipera).

Et"tin (?), n. [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan to eat.] A giant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Et"tle (?), v. t. [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur cf. OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. ætla to think, suppose, mean.] To earn. [Obs.] See Addle, to earn. Boucher.

||É`tude" (`td"), n. [F. See Study.] 1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study.

2. (Mus.) A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.

||É`tui" (`tw"), n. [F.] A case for one or several small articles; esp., a box in which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are carried.

Et*wee" (t*e"), n. See Étui. Shenstone.

Et"ym (t"m), n. See Etymon. H. F. Talbot.

E*tym"ic (*tm"k), a. Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word.

Et`y*mol"o*ger (t`*ml"*jr), n. An etymologist.

Et`y*mo*log"ic*al (- m*lj"*kal), a. [L. etymologicus, Gr. 'etymologiko`s: cf. F. étymologique. See Etymology.] Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words. -- Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

||Et`y*mo*log"i*con (-*kn), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'etymologiko`n, prop. neut. sing. from 'etymologiko`s.] An etymological dictionary or manual.

Et`y*mol"o*gist (t`*ml"*jst), n. [Cf. F. étymologiste.] One who investigates the derivation of words.

Et`y*mol"o*gize (-jz), v. t. [Cf. F. étymologiser.] To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as a word. Camden

Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t. To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their simple roots.

> How perilous it is to etymologize at random.

Trench.

Et`y*mol"o*gy (-j), n.; pl. Etymologies (-jz). [L. etymologia, Gr. 'etymologi`a; 'e`tymon etymon + lo`gos discourse, description: cf. F. étymologie. See Etymon, and -logy.] 1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of form and meaning.

2. That part of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection.

Et"y*mon (?), n.; pl. E. Etymons (#), Gr. Etyma (#). [L., fr. Gr. 'e`tymon the true literal sense of a word according to its derivation, an etymon, fr. &?; true, real, prob, akin to Skr. sotya, E. sooth. See Sooth.] 1. An original form; primitive word; root.

2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.]

> Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word.

Coleridge.

E*typ"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.) Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.

||Eu (?). [Gr. &?; well, orig. neut. of &?; good; prob. connected with Skr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu good, prob. fr. the same root as E. was.] A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good, advantageous; -- the opposite of dys-.

Eu*cai"rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; seasonable, opportune; &?; well, good + &?; season.] (Min.) A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the discovery of the metal selenium.

Eu"ca*lyn ("k*ln), n. (Chem.) An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian eucalyptus, -- whence its name.

Eu`ca*lyp*tol (?), n. [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and consisting largely of cymene.

||Eu`ca*lyp"tus (?), n. [NL., from GR. &?; well, good + &?; covered. The buds of Eucalyptus have a hemispherical or conical covering, which falls off at anthesis.] (Bot.) A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia.

They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the blue gum; E. gigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Other species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees.

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||Eu"cha*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr. e'y`charis See Eucharist.] (Bot.) A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and beautiful white blossoms.

Eu"cha*rist (?), n. [L. eucharistia, Gr. e'ycharisti`a, lit., a giving of thanks; e'y^ + cha`ris favor, grace, thanks; akin to chai`rein to rejoice, and prob. to yearn: cf. F. eucharistie.] 1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.]

> Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs.

South.

2. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion.

-- See Sacrament.

{ Eu`cha*ris"tic (?), Eu`cha*ris"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. eucharistie.] 1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.]

> The eucharistical part of our daily devotions.

Ray.

2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. "The eucharistic sacrament." Sir. G. C. Lewis.

Eu"chite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; to pray.] One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] Gauden.

Eu*chlo"ric (?), a. [Gr. e'y`chlwro`s fresh and green; e'y^ well + chlwro`s pale green.] (Chem.) Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric gas. Davy.

Eu*chlo"rine (?), n. [Cf. F. euchlorine. See Euchloric.] (Chem.) A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.

{ ||Eu`cho*lo"gi*on (?), Eu*chol"o*gy (?), } n. [NL. euchologion, Gr. &?; prayer book; &?; prayer, vow (fr. &?; to pray) + &?; to say, speak.] (Eccl.) A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers.

Eu"cho*logue, n. [F. euchologe.] Euchology. [R.]

Eu"chre (?), n. [Perh. from F. écarté.] A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.

Eu"chre, v. t. 1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump.

2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]

Eu*chro"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; well- colored; &?; well + &?; color.] (Chem.) Having a fine color.

Euchroic acid (Chem.), an organic, imide acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, C12H4N2O8 by heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed to a dark blue substance (euchrone), -- hence its name.

Eu"chro*ite (?), n. [See Euchroic.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It is hydrous arseniate of copper.

Eu"chrone (?) n. (Chem.) A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See Eychroic.

Eu"chy*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; well + &?; juice liquid. See Chyme.] (Med.) A good state of the blood and other fluids of the body.

Eu"clase (?) n. [Gr. &?; well, easily + &?; to break. Cf. F. euclase, G. euklas. See named from its brittleness.] (Min.) A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals, affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of alumina and glucina.

Eu"clid (?), n. A Greek geometer of the 3d century b. c.; also, his treatise on geometry, and hence, the principles of geometry, in general.

Eu*clid"i*an (?), n. Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid.

Euclidian space (Geom.), the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; -- called also flat space, and homaloidal space.

||Eu`co*pep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Eu- and Copepoda.] (Zoöl.) A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.

Eu"cra*sy (?). [Gr. &?;; &?;, well-tempered; e'y^ well + &?; to mix, temper: cf. F. eucrasie.] (Med.) Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health or soundness. Quincy.

Euc"tic*al (?) [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pray, wish.] Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.]

> Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, euctical, and eucharistical.

Bp. Law.

{ Eu*de"mon, Eu*dæ"mon (?) }, n. [Gr. e'y^ well, good + &?; one's demon.] A good angel. Southey.

{ Eu`de*mon"ics, Eu`dæ*mon"ics (?) }, n. [Gr. &?; conducive to happiness. See Eudemonism.] That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the science of happiness; -- contrasted with aretaics. J. Grote.

{ Eu*de"mon*ism, Eu*dæ"mon*ism (?) }, n. [Gr. &?; a thinking happy, fr, &?; blessed with a good genius, happy; e'y^ well, good + &?; one's demon of genius. See Demon.] That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being.

{ Eu*de"mon*ist, Eu*dæ"mon*ist }, n. One who believes in eudemonism.

> I am too much of a eudæmonist; I hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others.

De Quincey.

{ Eu*de`mon*is"tic , Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to eudemonism.

{ Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al, Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic*al (?) }, a. Eudemonistic.

Eu*di"a*lyte (?), n. [Gr. e'y^ well, easily + &?; to dissolve. So called because easily dissolvable in acids.] (Min.) A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster, consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime.

Eu`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; fair, clear weather, fr. &?; fine, clear ( said of the air or weather) + -meter: cf. F. ediomètre.] (Chem.) An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.

It usually consists of a finely graduated and calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a trough of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. Burette. Ure's eudiometer has the tube bent in the form of the letter. U.

{ Eu`di*o*met"ric (?), Eu`di*o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical experiments or results.

Eu`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. eudiométrie.] (Chem.) The art or process of determining the constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in it.

||Eu`di*pleu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. e'y^ well + &?; double + &?; rib,&?;, pl.,side.] (Biol.) The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two equal and symmetrical halves. Syd. Soc. Lex.

Eu*dox"i*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of Arius.

||Eu`ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. e'y^ well + NL. ganoidei. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl) A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.

||Eu"ge (?), n. [L., well done! bravo! Gr. &?;.] Applause. [Obs.] Hammond.

||Eu*ge"ni*a (*j"n*), n. [NL. Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.] (Bot.) A genus of myrtaceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.

Eu*gen"ic (*jn"k), a. [See Eugenia.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.

Eu*gen"ic (*jn"k), a. [Gr. e'ygenh`s.] Well-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly.

Eu*gen"ics (?), n. The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F. Galton.

Eu"ge*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of cloves; -- called also clove camphor.

Eu"ge*nol (?), n. [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.

Eu"ge*ny (?). [Gr. &?;, fr. e'ygenh`s well born; e'y^ well + &?; race.] Nobleness of birth. [Obs.]

{ Eu*get"ic (?), Eu`ge*tin"ic (?), } a. (Chem) Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid.

Eugh (?), n. [See Yew.] The yew. [Obs.] Dryden.

{ Eu*gu"bi*an (?), Eu"gu*bine (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio); as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or inscriptions.

Eu`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.) Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.

Eu*hem"er*ism (?) n. [L. Euhemerus, Gr. &?; a philosopher, about 300 &?;.] The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in imagination of human acts.

Eu*hem"er*ist, n. One who advocates euhemerism.

Eu*hem`er*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to euhemerism.

Eu*hem"er*ize (?) v. t. To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.

||Eu`i*sop"o*da (?). pl. [NL. See Eu- and Isopoda.] (Zoöl.) A group which includes the typical Isopoda.

||Eu"la*chon (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.) The candlefish. [Written also oulachan, oolacan, and ulikon.] See Candlefish.

Eu*le"ri*an (?) a. Pertaining to Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century.

Eulerian integrals, certain definite integrals whose properties were first investigated by Euler.

{ Eu*log"ic (?), Eu*log"ic*al (?), } a. [See Eulogy.] Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] -- Eu*log"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Eu"lo*gist (?) n. One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle.

{ Eu`lo*gis"tic (?), Eu`lo*gis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech or discourse. -- Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Eu*lo"gi*um (?) n.; pl. Eulogiums (#). [LL., fr. Gr. &?; eulogy.] A formal eulogy. Smollett.

Eu"lo*gize (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eulogized. (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Eulogizing (?).] To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise.

Eu"lo*gy (?), n.; pl. Eulogies (#). [Gr. &?;, from &?; well speaking; e'y^ well + &?; to speak. Cf. Eulogium, and see Legend.] A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth.

> Eulogies turn into elegies.

Spenser.

Syn. -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause. -- Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion.

Eu"ly*tite (?), n. [Gr. e'y^ well + &?; to dissolve.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found at Freiberg; -- called also culytine.

||Eu*men"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., from Gr. &?; lit., gracious goddesses.] (Class. Myth.) A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.

||Eu*mol"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sweetly singing.] (Zoöl.) A genus of small beetles, one species of which (E. viti) is very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.

Eu*no"mi*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature different from that of the Father. -- a. Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.

Eu"no*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; e'y^ well + &?; law.] Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. [R.] Mitford.

Eu"nuch (?), n. [L. eunuchus, Gr. &?;, prop., keeping or guarding the couch; &?; couch, bed, + &?; to have, hold, keep.] A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.

{ Eu"nuch (?), Eu"nuch*ate, } v. t. [L. eunuchare.] To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T. Browne.

Eu"nuch*ism (?), n. [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. &?;: cf. F. eunuchisme eunuchism.] The state of being eunuch. Bp. Hall.

Eu*on"y*min (?), n. (Med.) A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus atropurpureus, or spindle tree.

||Eu*on"y*mus (?), n. [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. &?;, lit., of good name.] (Bot.) A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree. The bark is used as a cathartic.

||Eu`or*ni"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr., Gr. e'y^ well + &?;, &?; a bird.] (Zoöl.) The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form.

Eu*os"mitte (?), n. [Gr. e'y^ well + &?; a smell.] (Min.) A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant odor.

Eu"pa*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; comfort, happy condition of the soul. See Eu-, and Pathetic.] Right feeling. [R.] Harris.

{ Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine } (?), n. (Med.) A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various species of Eupatorium.

Eu`pa*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Eupator, king of Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc.

Eu"pa*trid (?), n. [Gr. e'y^ well + &?; father.] One well born, or of noble birth.

{ ||Eu*pep"si*a (?), Eu*pep"sy (?), } n. [NL. eupepsia, Fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; easy of digestion; e'y^ well + &?; to cook, digest.] (Med.) Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction or digestion; -- opposed to dyspepsia.

Eu*pep"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man.

> Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat.

Carlyle.

Eu"phe*mism ("f*mz'm), n. [Gr. &?; fr. &?; to use word of a good omen; e'y^ well + &?; to speak: cf. F. euphémisme. See Fame.] (Rhet.) A figure in which a harsh or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.

{ Eu`phe*mis"tic (?), Eu`phe*mis"tic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in expression. -- Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Eu"phe*mize (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Euphemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Euphemizing.] [Gr. &?; .] To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use of euphemistic expressions.

Eu*pho"ni*ad (?), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments. [R.]

{ Eu*phon"ic (?), Eu*phon"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression; euphonical orthography.

<! p. 515 !>

Eu*phon"i*con (*fn"*kn), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) A kind of upright piano.

Eu*pho"ni*ous (?), a. Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding. Hallam. -- Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Eu"pho*nism (?), n. An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.

Eu*pho"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.) A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.

Eu"pho*nize (?), v. t. To make euphonic. [R.]

Eu"pho*non (?), n. [See Euphony.] (Mus.) An instrument resembling the organ in tone and the upright piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of tone.

Eu"pho*nous (?), n. Euphonious. [R.]

Eu"pho*ny (?), n.; pl. Euphonies (#). [L. euphonia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; sweet-voiced; e'y^ well + &?; sound, voice; akin to &?; to speak: cf. F. euphonie.] A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.

||Eu*phor"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See Euphorrium.] (Bot.) Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.

{ Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous (?), Eu*phor"bi*al (?), } a. (Bot.) Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.

{ Eu*phor"bin, Eu*phor"bine } (?), n. (Med.) A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various species of Euphorbia.

Eu*phor"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr. &?;; -- so called after Euphorbus, a Greek physician.] (Med.) An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears, produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifera. It was formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that its use is nearly abandoned.

Eu"pho*tide (?), n. [Gr. e'y^ well + &?;, &?;, light. So called because of its pleasing combination of white and green.] (Min.) A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and smaragdite; -- sometimes called gabbro.

Eu"phra*sy ("fr*s), n. [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. e'yfrasi`a delight, fr. e'yfrai`nein to delight; e'y^ well + frh`n heart, mind: cf. LL. eufrasia, F. eufraise.] (Bot.) The plant eyebright (Euphrasia officionalis), formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes.

> Then purged with euphrasy and rue
> The visual nerve, for he had much to see.

Milton.

Eu"phroe (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up. [Written also uphroe and uvrou.] Knight.

Eu"phu*ism ("f*z'm), n. [Gr. e'yfyh`s well grown, graceful; e'y^ well + fyh` growth, fr. fy`ein to grow. This affected style of conversation and writing, fashionable for some time in the court of Elizabeth, had its origin from the fame of Lyly's books, "Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit," and "Euphues and his England."] (Rhet.) An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction.

Eu"phu*ist, n. One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language; -- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction.

Eu`phu*is"tic (?), a. Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.

Eu"phu*ize (?), v. t. To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in expression.

Eu"pi*one (?), n. [Gr. &?; very fat; e'y^ well + &?; fat.] (Chem.) A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [Written also eupion.]

Eu*pit"tone (?), n. [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also eupittonic acid. [Written also eupitton.]

Eu`pit*ton"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.

Eu*plas"tic (?), a. [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.) Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from acute inflammation in a healthy person. Dunglison.

Eu*plas"tic, n. (Med.) Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body are renewed.

||Eu`plec*tel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; well plaited; e'y^ well + &?; plaited.] (Zoöl) A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; -- called also Venus's flower-basket.

||Eu`plex*op"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. e'y^ well + &?; to plait + &?; a wing.] (Zoöl.) An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up beneath them. See Earwig.

||Eup*næ"a (?), n. [NL., fr. gr. &?; easy breathing; &?; well + &?; to breathe.] (Physiol.) Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal, in distinction from dyspnæa, in which the blood is insufficiently arterialized. Foster.

Eu*pyr"i*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; well + &?; fire.] A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneously, as a lucifer match. Brande & C.

Eu*ra"sian (?), n. [European + Asian.] 1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other.

2. One born of European parents in Asia.

Eu*ra"sian (?), a. Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.

Eu*ra`si*at"io (?), a. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined.

||Eu*re"ka (?). [Gr. &?; I have found, perfect indicative of &?; to find.] The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out "Eureka! eureka!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.

Eu*rhip`i*du"rous (?), a. [Gr. &?; well + &?; a fan + &?; a tail.] (Zoöl.) Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipiduræ, a division of Aves which includes all living birds.

Eu"ri*pize (?), v. t. [See Euripus.] To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.]

Eu*ri"pus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; well + &?; a rushing motion.] A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient frith of this name between Eubœa and Bœotia. Hence, a flux and reflux. Burke.

Eu"rite ("rt), n. [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.) A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See Felsite.

Eu*rit"ic (?), a. Of or relating to eurite.

Eu*roc"ly*don (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; the southeast wind + &?; wave, billow; according to another reading, &?;, i. e. a north-east wind, as in the Latin Vulgate Euro-aquilo.] A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean. See Levanter.

> A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon.

Acts xxvii. 14.

Eu`ro*pe"an (?), a. [L. europeaus, Gr. &?;, fr. Gr. &?; (L. europa.)] Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants.

On the European plan, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. [U. S.]

Eu`ro*pe"an, n. A native or an inhabitant of Europe.

Eu`ro*pe"an*ize (?), v. t. To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character; to habituate or accustom to European usages.

> A state of society . . . changed and Europeanized.

Lubbock.

||Eu"rus (?), n. [L., gr. &?;.] The east wind.

||Eu*ry"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only species (E. ferox) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used as food.

2. (Zoöl) A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.

||Eu`ry*al"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale, Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See Astrophyton.

Eu*ryc"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. &?; broad + ke`ras horn.] (Zoöl.) Having broad horns.

Eu*ryp"ter*oid (?), a. [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.

||Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Eurypteroid.] (Paleont.) An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks. [Written also Eurypterida.]

||Eu*ryp"te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?; a wing.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some of the species are more than three feet long.

Eu"ryth*my (?), n. [L. eurythmia, Gr. &?;; &?; well + &?; rhythm, measure, proportion, symmetry: cf. F. eurythmie.] 1. (Fine Arts) Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue.

2. (Med.) Regularly of the pulse.

Eu*se"bi*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eusebius, bishop of Cæsarea, who was a friend and protector of Arius.

Eu*sta"chi*an (?), a. [From Eustachi, a learned Italian physician who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.) (a) Discovered by Eustachius. (b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter.

Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth. -- Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See Ear. -- Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult.

Eu"style` (?), n. [Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; with pillars at the best distances; &?; well + &?; pillar: cf. F. eustyle.] (Arch.) See Intercolumnlation.

Eu"tax*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; well + &?; arrangement: cf. F. eutaxie.] Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

Eu*ter"pe (?). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; delightful; &?; well + &?; to delight.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over music.

2. (Bot.) A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees.

Eu*ter"pe*an (?) a. Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music.

Eu`tha*na"si*a (?) n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; well + &?; death, &?;, &?;, to die: cf. F. euthanasie.] An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired. "An euthanasia of all thought." Hazlitt.

> The kindest wish of my friends is euthanasia.

Arbuthnot.

Eu*than"a*sy (?), n. Same as Euthanasia.

Eu`thi*o*chro"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; well + &?; sulphur + &?; color.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called.

Euthiochroic acid (Chem.), a complex derivative of hydroquinone and sulphonic (thionic) acid. -- so called because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly colored (yellow) salts.

Eu`thy*neu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; straight + &?; a nerve.] (Zoöl.) A large division of gastropod molluske, including the Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata.

Eu"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; nourishing, healthy; &?; well + &?; to nourish.] (Med.) Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.

Eu*tych"i*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to Nestorian.

Eu*tych"i*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers.

Eux*an"thic (?) a. (Chem.) Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, euxanthin.

Euxanthic acid (Chem.), a yellow, crystalline, organic acid, extracted from euxanthin.

Eux*an"thin (?), n. [Gr. &?; well + &?; yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also puri, purree, and Indian yellow.

Eux"e*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; hospitable. So named because it contains a number of rare elements.] (Min.) A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium, with some other metals.

E*va"cate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + vacate.] To empty. [Obs.] Harvey.

E*vac"u*ant (?), a. [L. evacuans, -antis, p. pr. of evacuare: cf. F. évacuant.] Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purgative or cathartic.

E*vac"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evacuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evacuating.] [l. evacuatus, p. p. of evacuare to empty, nullify; e out + vacuus empty, vacare to be empty. See Vacate.] 1. To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; as, to evacuate a vessel or dish.

2. Fig.: To make empty; to deprive. [R.]

> Evacuate the Scriptures of their most important meaning.

Coleridge.

3. To remove; to eject; to void; to discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.

4. To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress.

> The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country.

Burke.

5. To make void; to nullify; to vacate; as, to evacuate a contract or marriage. [Obs.] Bacon.

E*vac"u*ate, v. i. To let blood [Obs.] Burton.

E*vac`u*a"tion (?), n. [L. evacuatio: cf. F. évacuation.] 1. The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging. Specifically: (a) (Mil.) Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress, etc. (b) (Med.) Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.

2. That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by stool or other natural means. Quincy.

3. Abolition; nullification. [Obs.] Hooker.

Evacuation day, the anniversary of the day on which the British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25, 1783.

E*vac"u*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. évacuatif.] Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative.

E*vac"u*a`tor (?), n. One who evacuates; a nullifier. "Evacuators of the law." Hammond.

E*vac"u*a*to*ry (?), n. A purgative.

E*vade" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaded; p. pr. & vb. n.. Evading.] [L. evadere, evasum, e out + vadere to go, walk: cf. F. s'évader. See Wade.] To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity, subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from cleverly; as, to evade a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to evade the force of an argument.

> The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of evading the Christian miracles.

Trench.

E*vade", v. t. 1. To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with from. "Evading from perils." Bacon.

> Unarmed they might
> Have easily, as spirits evaded swift
> By quick contraction or remove.

Milton.

2. To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose of eluding.

> The ministers of God are not to evade and take refuge any of these . . . ways.

South.

Syn. -- To equivocate; shuffle. See Prevaricate.

E*vad"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being evaded. [R.]

Ev`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. evagatio, fr. evagari to wander forth: cf. F. évagation. See Vagary.] A wandering about; excursion; a roving. [R.] Ray.

E*vag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. evaginatio an extending, evaginare to unsheathe; e out + vagina sheath.] The act of unsheathing.

E"val ("val), a. [L. aevum lifetime, age, eternity.] Relating to time or duration. [Obs.]

<! p. 516 !>

E*val"u*ate (*vl"*t), v. t. [See Evaluation.] To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise.

E*val`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. évaluation, LL. evaluatio.] Valuation; appraisement. J. S. Mill.

Ev`a*nesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Evanesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evanescing. (&?;).] [L. evanescere; e out + vanescere to vanish, fr. vanus empty, vain. See Vain, and cf. Evanish.] To vanish away; to become dissipated and disappear, like vapor.

> I believe him to have evanesced or evaporated.

De Quincey.

Ev`a*nes"cence (?), n. The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; as, the evanescence of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes. Rambler.

Ev`a*nes"cent (?), a. [L. evanescens, -entis, p. pr. of evanescere.] 1. Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; as, evanescent joys.

> So evanescent are the fashions of the world in these particulars.

Hawthorne.

2. Vanishing from notice; imperceptible.

> The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is almost evanescent.

Wollaston.

Ev`a*nes"cent*ly, adv. In a vanishing manner; imperceptibly. Chalmers.

E*van"gel (?), n. [F. évangile, L. evangelium, Gr. &?; good news, glad tidings, gospel, fr. &?; bringing good news; &?; well + &?; to bear a message. See Eu-, and cf. Evangely.] Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel. Milton.

> Her funeral anthem is a glad evangel.

Whittier.

E`van*ge"li*an (?), a. Rendering thanks for favors.

E`van*gel"ic (?), a. [L. evangelicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. évangélique. See Evangel.] Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical. "Evangelic truth." J. Foster.

E`van*gel"ic*al (?), a. 1. Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; as, the evangelical history.

2. Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; as, evangelical religion.

3. Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; preëminently orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone;" the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religious bodies not regarded as orthodox.

Evangelical Alliance, an alliance for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool, England, in 1845. -- Evangelical Church. (a) The Protestant Church in Germany. (b) A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in 1817. -- Evangelical Union, a religious sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also Morisonians.

E`van*gel"ic*al, n. One of evangelical principles.

E`van*gel"ic*al*ism (?), n. Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism. G. Eliot.

E`van*gel"ic*al*ly, adv. In an evangelical manner.

E`van*gel"ic*al*ness, n. State of being evangelical.

E`van*gel"i*cism (?) n. Evangelical principles; evangelism.

E*van`ge*lic"i*ty (?), n. Evangelicism.

E*van"gel*ism (?) n. The preaching or promulgation of the gospel. Bacon.

E*van"gel*ist, n. [F. évangéliste, L. evangelista, fr. Gr. &?;.] A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines. Specifically: (a) A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. (b) A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); as, the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. (c) A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance.

> The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the title though there were many evangelists who were not Apostles.

Plumptre.

E*van`gel*is"ta*ry (?), n. [LL. evangelistarium.] A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. Porson.

E*van`gel*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to evangelize; evangelical; as, evangelistic efforts.

E*van`gel*i*za"tion (?) n. The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.

> The work of Christ's ministers is evangelization.

Hobbes.

E*van"gel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evangelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evangelizing (?)]. [F. évangélisre, LL. evangelizare, fr. Gr. &?;.] To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert to Christianity; as, to evangelize the world.

> His apostles whom he sends
> To evangelize the nations.

Milton.

E*van"gel*ize, v. i. To preach the gospel.

E*van"ge*ly (?), n. Evangel. [Obs.]

> The sacred pledge of Christ's evangely.

Spenser.

E*van"gile (?), n. [F. évangile. See Evangel.] Good tidings; evangel. [R.]

> Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity, the evangile of their freedom.

Landor.

E*van"id (?), a. [L. evanidus, fr. evanescere. See Evanesce.] Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; as, evanid color. [Obs.]

> They are very transitory and evanid.

Barrow.

E*van"ish (?), v. i. [Pref. e- + vanish: cf. L. evanescere. See Evanesce, vanish.] To vanish.

> Or like the rainbow's lovely form,
> Evanishing amid the storm.

Burns.

E*van"ish*ment (?), n. A vanishing; disappearance. [R.] T. Jefferson.

E*vap"o*ra*ble (?), a. Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by evaporation.

E*vap"o*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evaporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evaporating (?).] [L. evaporatus, p. p. of evaporare; e out + vapor steam or vapor. See Vapor.] 1. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in particles too minute to be visible.

2. To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, as, the spirit of a writer often evaporates in the process of translation.

> To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to evaporate . . . is a safe way.

Bacon.

E*vap"o*rate, v. t. 1. To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes.

2. To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; as, to evaporate apples.

3. To give vent to; to dissipate. [R.]

> My lord of Essex evaporated his thoughts in a sonnet.

Sir. H. Wotton.

Evaporating surface (Steam Boilers), that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact.

E*vap"o*rate (?), a. [L. evaporatus, p. p.] Dispersed in vapors. Thomson.

E*vap`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. evaporatio: cf. F. évaporation.] 1. The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water, of ether, of camphor.

2. The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence.

3. That which is evaporated; vapor.

4. (Steam Engine) See Vaporization.

E*vap"o*ra*tive (?), a. [L. evaporatius: cf. F. évaporatif.] Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; as, the evaporative process.

E*vap"o*ra`tor (?), n. An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying fruit by heat.

E*vap`o*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L. evaporare to evaporate + -meter: cf. F. évapormètre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.

E*va"si*ble (?), a. That may be evaded. [R.]

E*va"sion (?), n. [L. evasio: cf. F. évasion. See Evade.] The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding.

> Thou . . . by evasions thy crime uncoverest more.

Milton.

Syn. -- Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication; equivocation.

E*va"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. évasif. See Evade.] Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling; avoiding by artifice.

> Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest,
> Answered evasive of the sly request.

Pope.

> Stammered out a few evasive phrases.

Macaulay.

-- E*va"sive*ly , adv. -- E*va"sive*ness, n.

Eve (?), n. [See Even, n.] 1. Evening. [Poetic]

> Winter oft, at eve resumes the breeze.

Thomson.

2. The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset, not at midnight; as, Christians eve is the evening before Christmas; also, the period immediately preceding some important event. "On the eve of death." Keble.

Eve churr (Zoöl), the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also night churr, and churr owl.

E*vec"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; healthy.] The branch of medical science which teaches the method of acquiring a good habit of body. [Obs.]

E*vec"tion (?). [L. evectio a going up, fr. evehere to carry out; e out + vehere to carry: cf. F évection.] 1. The act of carrying up or away; exaltation. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

2. (Astron.) (a) An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the attraction of the sun, by which the equation of the center is diminished at the syzygies, and increased at the quadratures by about 1° 20′. (b) The libration of the moon. Whewell.

E"ven (v"'n) n. [OE. eve, even, efen, æfen. AS. fen; akin to OS. band, OFries, vend, D. avond, OHG. band, Icel. aptan, Sw. afton, Dan. aften; of unknown origin. Cf. Eve, Evening.] Evening. See Eve, n. 1. [Poetic.] Shak.

E"ven, a. [AS. efen. efn; akin to OS. eban, D. even, OHG. eban, G. efen, Icel. jafn, Dan. jevn, Sw. jämn, Goth. ibns. Cf. Anent, Ebb.] 1. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; as, even ground; an even speed; an even course of conduct.

2. Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self-possessed; as, an even temper.

3. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.

> And shall lay thee even with the ground.

Luke xix. 44.

4. Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; as, our accounts are even; an even bargain.

> To make the even truth in pleasure flow.

Shak.

5. Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure. "I know my life so even." Shak.

6. Associate; fellow; of the same condition. [Obs.] "His even servant." Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 29).

7. Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; as, 4 and 10 are even numbers.

> Whether the number of the stars is even or odd.

Jer. Taylor.

On even ground, with equal advantage. - - On even keel (Naut.), in a level or horizontal position.

E"ven (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evening (?)] 1. To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth.

> His temple Xerxes evened with the soil.

Sir. W. Raleigh.

> It will even all inequalities

Evelyn.

2. To equal. [Obs.] "To even him in valor." Fuller.

3. To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits. Shak.

4. To set right; to complete.

5. To act up to; to keep pace with. Shak.

E"ven (?), v. i. To be equal. [Obs.] R. Carew.

E"ven, adv. [AS. efne. See Even, a., and cf. E'en.] 1. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well. "Is it even so?" Shak.

> Even so did these Gauls possess the coast.

Spenser.

2. Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite.

> Thou wast a soldier
> Even to Cato's wish.

Shak.

> Without . . . making us even sensible of the change.

Swift.

3. As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected.

> I have made several discoveries, which appear new, even to those who are versed in critical learning.

Addison.

4. At the very time; in the very case.

> I knew they were bad enough to please, even when I wrote them.

Dryden.

Even is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. "I have debated even in my soul." Shak.

> By these presence, even the presence of Lord Mortimer.

Shak.

E*vene" (?), v. i. [L. evenire. See Event.] To happen. [Obs.] Hewyt.

E"ven*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which makes even.

2. In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast.

E"ven*fall` (?), n. Beginning of evening. "At the quiet evenfall." Tennyson.

E"ven*hand` (?), n. Equality. [Obs.] Bacon.

E"ven*hand`ed, a. Fair or impartial; unbiased. "Evenhanded justice." Shak. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ly, adv. -- E"ven*hand`ed*ness, n. &?;.

E"ven*ing (?), n. [AS. fnung. See even, n., and cf. Eve.] 1. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sun.

> In the ascending scale
> Of heaven, the stars that usher evening rose.

Milton.

Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called evening. Bartlett.

2. The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory.

Sometimes used adjectively; as, evening gun. "Evening Prayer." Shak.

Evening flower (Bot.), a genus of iridaceous plants (Hesperantha) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening. -- Evening grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American singing bird (Coccothraustes vespertina) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening. -- Evening primrose. See under Primrose. -- The evening star, the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also Vesper and Hesperus. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See Morning Star.

E"ven*ly (?), adv. With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably; impartially; serenely.

E"ven*mind`ed (?), a. Having equanimity.

E"ven*ness, n. The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness; horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity; appropriate place or level; as, evenness of surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition.

> It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own evenness.

Jer. Taylor.

E"ven*song` (?), n. [AS. fensang.] A song for the evening; the evening service or form of worship (in the Church of England including vespers and compline); also, the time of evensong. Wyclif. Milton.

E*vent" (?), n. [L. eventus, fr. evenire to happen, come out; e out + venire to come. See Come.] 1. That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls out; any incident, good or bad. "The events of his early years." Macaulay.

> To watch quietly the course of events.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

> There is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked.

Eccl. ix. 2.

2. An affair in hand; business; enterprise. [Obs.] "Leave we him to his events." Shak.

3. The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion; result; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations, terminates.

> Dark doubts between the promise and event.

Young.

Syn. -- Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; termination; consequence; conclusion. -- Event, Occurrence, Incident, Circumstance. An event denotes that which arises from a preceding state of things. Hence we speak or watching the event; of tracing the progress of events. An occurrence has no reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that which meets us in our progress through life, as if by chance, or in the course of divine providence. The things which thus meet us, if important, are usually connected with antecedents; and hence event is the leading term. In the "Declaration of Independence" it is said, "When, in the cource of human events, it becomes necessary." etc. Here, occurrences would be out of place. An incident is that which falls into a state of things to which is does not primarily belong; as, the incidents of a journey. The term is usually applied to things of secondary importance. A circumstance is one of the things surrounding us in our path of life. These may differ greatly in importance; but they are always outsiders, which operate upon us from without, exerting greater or less influence according to their intrinsic importance. A person giving an account of a campaign might dwell on the leading events which it produced; might mention some of its striking occurrences; might allude to some remarkable incidents which attended it; and might give the details of the favorable or adverse circumstances which marked its progress.

<! p. 517 !>

E*vent" (?), v. t. [F. éventer to fan, divulge, LL. eventare to fan, fr., L. e out + ventus wind.] To break forth. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

E*ven"ter*ate (?), v. t. [L. e out + venter the belly: cf. F. éventer.] To rip open; to disembowel. [Obs.] Sir. T. Brown.

E*vent"ful (?) a. Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; as, an eventful journey; an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life.

E"ven*tide` (?) n. [AS. fentd. See Tide.] The time of evening; evening. [Poetic.] Spenser.

E*ven"ti*late (?), v. t. [L. eventilatus, p. p. of eventilare to fan. See Ventilate.] 1. To winnow out; to fan. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. To discuss; to ventilate. [Obs.] Johnson.

E*ven`ti*la"tion (?), n. The act of eventilating; discussion. [Obs.] Bp. Berkely.

E*vent"less (?), a. Without events; tame; monotonous; marked by nothing unusual; uneventful.

||Ev`en*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Dr. &?; well + &?; within gna`qos the jaw.] (Zoöl.) An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc.

E`ven*tra*tion (?), n. [L. e out + venter belly.] (Med.) (a) A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal viscera, occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the abdomen. (b) A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which the greater part of the intestines protrude. (c) The act of disemboweling.

E*ven"tu*al (?), a. [Cf. F. éventiel. See Event.] 1. Coming or happening as a consequence or result; consequential. Burke.

2. Final; ultimate. "Eventual success." Cooper.

3. (Law) Dependent on events; contingent. Marshall.

E*ven`tu*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eventualities (#). [Cf. F. éventualité.] 1. The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event which comes as a consequence.

2. (Phren.) Disposition to take cognizance of events.

E*ven"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.

E*ven"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eventuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eventuating.] To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to pass.

E*ven`tu*a"tion (?), n. The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome. R. W. Hamilton.

Ev"er (?) adv. [OE. ever, æfre, AS. æfre; perh. akin to AS. always. Cf. Aye, Age,Evry, Never.] [Sometimes contracted into e'er.] 1. At any time; at any period or point of time.

> No man ever yet hated his own flesh.

Eph. v. 29.

2. At all times; through all time; always; forever.

> He shall ever love, and always be
> The subject of by scorn and cruelty.

Dryder.

3. Without cessation; continually.

Ever is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of enforcement. "His the old man e'er a son?" Shak.

> To produce as much as ever they can.

M. Arnold.

Ever and anon, now and then; often. See under Anon. -- Ever is one, continually; constantly. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever so, in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or adverb. See Never so, under Never. "Let him be ever so rich." Emerson.

> And all the question (wrangle e'er so long),
> Is only this, if God has placed him wrong.

Pope.

> You spend ever so much money in entertaining your equals and betters.

Thackeray.

-- For ever, eternally. See Forever. -- For ever and a day, emphatically forever. Shak.

> She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight for ever and day.

Prof. Wilson.

-- Or ever (for or ere), before. See Or, ere. [Archaic]

> Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven
> Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio!

Shak.

Ever is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, ever memorable, ever watchful, ever burning.

Ev`er*dur"ing (?) a. Everlasting. Shak.

Ev`er*glade (?), n. A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; as, the everglades of Florida. [U. S.]

Ev"er*green (?) a. (Bot.) Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.

Ev"er*green, n. 1. (Bot.) An evergreen plant.

2. pl. Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration. "The funeral evengreens entwine." Keble.

{ Ev"er*ich (?), Ev"er*ych }, a. [OE. see Every.] each one; every one; each of two. See Every. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Ev`er*ich*on", Ev`er*ych*on" } (?), pron. [OE. everich + oon, on, one. See Every, and One.] Every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ever*last"ing (?) a. 1. Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end; immortal; eternal. "The Everlasting God." Gen. xx1. 33.

2. Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; as, this everlasting nonsence.

> I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession.

Gen xvii. 8.

> And heard thy everlasting yawn confess
> The pains and penalties of idleness.

Pope.

Syn. -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never- ending; infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant. -- Everlasting, Eternal. Eternal denotes (when taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration; everlasting is sometimes used in our version of the Scriptures in the sense of eternal, but in modern usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well as no end.

> Whether we shall meet again I know not;
> Therefore our everlasting farewell take;
> Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius.

Shak.

Everlasting flower. Sane as Everlasting, n., 3. -- Everlasting pea, an ornamental plant (Lathyrus latifolius) related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial.

Ev`er*last"ing, n. 1. Eternal duration, past or future; eternity.

> From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God.

Ps. xc. 2.

2. (With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God.

3. (Bot.) A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or color, as the pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), the immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc.

4. A cloth fabric for shoes, etc. See Lasting.

Ev`er*last"ing*ly, adv. In an everlasting manner.

Ev`er*last"ing*ness, n. The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite duration.

Ev`er*liv"ing (?), a. 1. Living always; immoral; eternal; as, the everliving God.

2. Continual; incessant; unintermitted.

Ev`er*more" (?), adv. During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.

> Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face evermore.

Ps. cv. 4.

> And, behold, I am alive for evermore.

Rev. i. 18.

> Which flow from the presence of God for evermore.

Tillotson.

> I evermore did love you, Hermia.

Shak.

E*ver"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to Evernia, a genus of lichens; as, evernic acid.

E*verse" (?), v. t. [L. eversus, p. p. of evertere to turn out, overthrow; e out + vertere to turn. Cf. Evert.] To overthrow or subvert. [Obs.] Glanvill.

E*ver"sion (?), n. [L. eversio: cf. F. éversion.] 1. The act of eversing; destruction. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being turned back or outward; as, eversion of eyelids; ectropium.

E*ver"sive (?), a. Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with of.

> A maxim eversive . . . of all justice and morality.

Geddes.

E*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Everted; p. pr. & vb. n. Everting.] [L. evertere. See Everse.] 1. To overthrow; to subvert. [R.] Ayliffe.

2. To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.

Ev"er*y (?), a. & a. pron. [OE. everich, everilk; AS. fre ever + ælc each. See Ever, each.] 1. All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite number.

> Every man at his best state is altogether vanity.

Ps. xxxix. 5.

> Every door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers.

Macaulay.

2. Every one. Cf. Each. [Obs.] "Every of your wishes." Shak.

> Daily occasions given to every of us.

Hooker.

Every each, every one. [Obs.] "Every each of them hath some vices." Burton.. -- Every now and then, at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly; frequently. [Colloq.]

Every may, by way of emphasis, precede the article the with a superlative adjective; as, every, the least variation. Locke.

Syn. -- Every, Each, Any. Any denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the individuals which compose a class. Every differs from each in giving less prominence to the selection of the individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc.

> In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers].

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

> If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe.

J. H. Newman.

Ev"er*y*bod`y (?), n. Every person.

Ev"er*y*day` (?), a. Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit of clothes.

> The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment.

Sir. J. Herchel.

Ev"er*y*one` (?), n. [OE. everychon.] Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one.

Ev"er*y*thing` (?), n. Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things.

> More wise, more learned, more just, more everything.

Pope.

Ev"er*y*when` (?), adv. At any or all times; every instant. [R.] "Eternal law is silently present everywhere and everywhen." Carlyle.

Ev"er*y*where` (?), adv. In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; thoroughly; altogether.

Ev"er*y*where`ness (?), n. Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] Grew.

Eves"drop` (?), v. i. See Eavesdrop.

Eves"drop`per (?), n. See Eavesdropper.

E*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. evestigatus traced out; e out + vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See Vestigate.] To investigate. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ev"et (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.) The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also evat.]

E*vi"brate (?), v. t. & i. [L. evibrare. See Vibrate.] To vibrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

E*vict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Evicting.] [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome completely, evict. See Evince.] 1. (Law) To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust.

> The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession.

Sir. J. Davies.

2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne.

E*vic"tion (?), n. [L. evictio: cf. F. éviction.] 1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster.

2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.]

> Full eviction of this fatal truth.

South.

Ev"i*dence (?), n. [F. évidence, L. Evidentia. See Evident.] 1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or judgement; as, the evidence of our senses; evidence of the truth or falsehood of a statement.

> Faith is . . . the evidence of things not seen.

Heb. xi. 1.

> O glorious trial of exceeding love
> Illustrious evidence, example high.

Milton.

2. One who bears witness. [R.] "Infamous and perjured evidences." Sir W. Scott.

3. (Law) That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect of it. Greenleaf.

Circumstantial evidence, Conclusive evidence, etc. See under Circumstantial, Conclusive, etc. -- Crown's, King's, or Queen's evidence, evidence for the crown. [Eng.] -- State's evidence, evidence for the government or the people. [U. S. ] -- To turn King's, Queen's or State's evidence, to confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.

Syn. -- Testimony; proof. See Testimony.

Ev"i*dence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evidenced (?); p, pr. & vb. n. Evidencing (?).] To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. Milton.

Ev"i*den*cer (?), n. One who gives evidence.

Ev"i*dent (?), a. [F. évinent, l. evidens, -entis; e out + videns, p. pr. of videre to see. See Vision.] Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding, and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of a body is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be made evident.

> Your honor and your goodness is so evident.

Shak.

> And in our faces evident the signs
> Of foul concupiscence.

Milton.

Syn. -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See Manifest.

Ev`i*den"tial (?), a. Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially, relating to the evidences of Christianity. Bp. Fleetwood. "Evidential tracks." Earle.. -- Ev`i*den"tial*ly, adv.

Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry (?), a. Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential.

> When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be evidentiary of, or a mark of, some other fact.

J. S. Mill.

Ev"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In an evident manner; clearly; plainly.

> Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth.

Gal. iii. 1.

> He was evidently in the prime of youth.

W. Irving.

Ev"i*dent*ness, n. State of being evident.

E*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. evigilatio; e out + vigilare to be awake. See Vigilant.] A waking up or awakening. [Obs.]

E*vil ("v'l) a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. übel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E. over.] 1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; as, an evil beast; and evil plant; an evil crop.

> A good tree can not bring forth evil fruit.

Matt. vii. 18.

2. Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt; wicked; wrong; vicious; as, evil conduct, thoughts, heart, words, and the like.

> Ah, what a sign it is of evil life,
> When death's approach is seen so terrible.

Shak.

3. Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous; as, evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days.

> Because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel.

Deut. xxii. 19.

> The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an evil sign.

Shak.

> Evil news rides post, while good news baits.

Milton.

Evil eye, an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or fascinating influence. It is still believed by the ignorant and superstitious that some persons have the supernatural power of injuring by a look.

> It almost led him to believe in the evil eye.

J. H. Newman.

-- Evil speaking, speaking ill of others; calumny; censoriousness. -- The evil one, the Devil; Satan.

Evil is sometimes written as the first part of a compound (with or without a hyphen). In many cases the compounding need not be insisted on. Examples: Evil doer or evildoer, evil speaking or evil-speaking, evil worker, evil wishing, evil-hearted, evil-minded.

Syn. -- Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; destructive; wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse; wrong; vicious; calamitous.

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E"vil ("v'l) n. 1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; -- opposed to good.

> Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought.

Milton.

> The evil that men do lives after them.

Shak.

2. Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will of the Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful human authority; disposition to do wrong; moral offence; wickedness; depravity.

> The heart of the sons of men is full of evil.

Eccl. ix. 3.

3. malady or disease; especially in the phrase king's evil, the scrofula. [R.] Shak.

> He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil.

Addison.

E"vil, adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly. Shak.

> It went evil with his house.

1 Chron. vii. 23.

> The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us.

Deut. xxvi. 6.

E"vil eye` (?). See Evil eye under Evil, a.

E"vil-eyed (?) a. Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy, jealousy, or bad design; malicious. Shak.

E"vil-fa`vored (?), a. Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored; blemished; deformed. Bacon.

-- E"vil-fa`vored*ness, n. Deut. xvi. 1.

E"vil*ly (?), adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill. [Obs.] "Good deeds evilly bestowed." Shak.

E"vil-mind`ed (?), a. Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked. -- E"vil-mind`ed*ness, n.

E"vil*ness, n. The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness; malignity; vileness; as, evilness of heart; the evilness of sin.

E*vince" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evinced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evincing (?).] [L. evincere vanquish completely, prevail, succeed in proving; e out + vincere to vanquish. See Victor, and cf. Evict.] 1. To conquer; to subdue. [Obs.]

> Error by his own arms is best evinced.

Milton.

2. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt; to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to evidence.

> Common sense and experience must and will evince the truth of this.

South.

E*vince"ment (?), n. The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being evinced.

E*vin"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light; demonstrable. Sir. M. Hale.

--E*vin"ci*bly, adv.

E*vin"cive (?), a. Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate; demonstrative; indicative.

E"vi*rate (?), v. t. [L. eviratus, p. p. of evirare to castrate; e out + vir man.] To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ev`i*ra"tion (?), n. [L. eviratio.] Castration. [Obs.]

E*vis"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eviscerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eviscerating (?).] [L. evisceratus, p. p. of eviscerare to eviscerate; e out + viscera the bowels. See Viscera.] To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.

E*vis`cer*a"tion (?), a. A disemboweling.

Ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. evitabilis: cf. F. évitable.] Avoidable. [R.] Hooker.

Ev"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. evitatus, p. p. of evitare to shun; e out + vitare to shun.] To shun; to avoid. [Obs.] Shak.

Ev`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. evitatio.] A shunning; avoidance. [Obs.] Bacon.

E*vite" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. éviter. See Evitate.] To shun. [Obs.] Dryton.

Ev`i*ter"nal (?), a. [L. eviternus, aeternus. See Etern.] Eternal; everlasting. [Obs.] -- Ev`i*ter"nal*ly, adv. Bp. Hall.

Ev`i*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Eternity. [Obs.]

Ev"o*cate (?), v. t. [L. evocatus, p. p. of evocare. See Evoke.] To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke. [R.] Stackhouse.

Ev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L. evocatio: cf. F. évocation.] The act of calling out or forth. Sir. T. Browne.

> The evocation of that better spirit.

M. Arnold.

E*vo"ca*tive (?), a. Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing.

> Evocative power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the better soul of man.

W. Pater.

Ev"o*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who calls forth. [R.]

E*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evoking.] [L. evocare; e out + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F évoquer. See Voice, and cf. Evocate.] 1. To call out; to summon forth.

> To evoke the queen of the fairies.

T. Warton.

> A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst evoking the human energies, will not suffer them to be wasted.

De Quincey.

2. To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another. [R.] "The cause was evoked to Rome." Hume.

{ Ev`o*lat"ic (?), Ev`o*lat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. evolare to fly away; e out + volare to fly.] Apt to fly away. [Obs. or R.] Blount.

Ev`o*la"tion (?), n. [L. evolatio.] A flying out or up. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ev"o*lute (?), n. [L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of evolvere. See Evolve.] (Geom.) A curve from which another curve, called the involute or evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or unwound from it. See Involute. It is the locus of the centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or evolvent.

Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to it only in its relation to the involute.

Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty (?), n. [See Evolution.] (Biol.) The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self-nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of volume, or of structure. Syd. Soc. Lex.

Ev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F. évolution evolution. See Evolve.] 1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of growth; development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg.

2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. "The whole evolution of ages." Dr. H. More.

3. (Geom.) The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a curve as an evolute. Hutton.

4. (Arith. & Alg.) The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of involution.

5. (Mil. & Naval) A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver.

> Those evolutions are best which can be executed with the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity.

Campbell.

6. (Biol.) (a) A general name for the history of the steps by which any living organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or development. (b) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to preëxist in the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative act; -- opposed to epigenesis.

7. (Metaph.) That series of changes under natural law which involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The pocess is by some limited to organic beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously explained by different philosophers.

> Evolution is to me series with development.

Gladstone.

Ev`o*lu"tion*al (?), a. Relating to evolution. "Evolutional changes." H. Spenser.

Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions.

Ev`o*lu"tion*ism (?), n. The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See Evolution, 6 and 7.

Ev`o*lu"tion*ist (?), n. 1. One skilled in evolutions.

2. one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics. Darwin.

E*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Evolving.] [L. evolvere, evolutum; e out + volvere to roll. See Voluble.] 1. To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to derive; to educe.

> The animal soul sooner evolves itself to its full orb and extent than the human soul.

Sir. M. Hale.

> The principles which art involves, science alone evolves.

Whewell.

> Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above.

J. C. Shairp.

2. To throw out; to emit; as, to evolve odors.

E*volve", v. i. To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a process of evolution. Prior.

E*volve"ment (?), n. The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution.

E*volv"ent (?), n. [L. evolvents. -entis, unrolling, p. pr. of evolvere.] (Geom.) The involute of a curve. See Involute, and Evolute.

E*vom"it (?), v. t. [L. evomitus, p. p. of evomere to vomit forth; e out + vomere.] To vomit. [Obs.]

Ev`o*mi"tion (?), n. The act of vomiting. [Obs.] Swift.

E*vul"gate (?) v. t. [L. evulgatus, p. p. of evulgare to publish.] To publish abroad. [Obs.]

Ev`ul*ga"tion (?), n. A divulging. [Obs.]

E*vul"sion (?), n. [L. evulsio, fr. evellere, evulsum, to pluck out; e out + vellere to pluck; cf. F. évulsion.] The act of plucking out; a rooting out.

Ew (?), n. [See Yew.] A yew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ewe (), n. [AS. eówu; akin to D. ooi, OHG. awi, ouwi, Icel. ær, Goth. awþi a flock of sheep, awistr a sheepfold, Lith. avis a sheep, L. ovis, Gr. &?;, Skr. avi. √231.] (Zoöl.) The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.

Ewe"-necked` (?), a. Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out. Youwatt.

Ew"er (?), n. [OF. ewer, euwier, prop. a water carrier, F. évier a washing place, sink, aiguière ewer, L. aquarius, adj., water carrying, n., a water carrier, fr. aqua water; akin to Goth. ahwa water, river, OHG, aha, G. au, aue, meadow. √219. Cf. Aquarium, Aquatic, Island.] A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet.

> Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands.

Shak.

{ Ew"er*y (?), Ew"ry (?) } n. [From Ewer.] An office or place of household service where the ewers were formerly kept. [Enq.] Parker.

Ewt (?), n. [See Newt.] (Zoöl.) The newt.

Ex- (?). A prefix from the latin preposition, ex, akin to Gr. 'ex or 'ek signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it signifies out of, as, in exhale, exclude; off, from, or out. as in exscind; beyond, as, in excess, exceed, excel; and sometimes has a privative sense of without, as in exalbuminuos, exsanguinous. In some words, it intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on the signification. It becomes ef- before f, as in effuse. The form e- occurs instead of ex- before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v, as in ebullient, emanate, enormous, etc. In words from the French it often appears as es-, sometimes as s- or é-; as, escape, scape, élite. Ex-, prefixed to names implying office, station, condition, denotes that the person formerly held the office, or is out of the office or condition now; as, ex-president, ex-governor, ex-mayor, ex-convict. The Greek form 'ex becomes ex in English, as in exarch; 'ek becomes ec, as in eccentric.

Ex*ac"er*bate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacerrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exacerrating (?).] [L. exacerbatus, p. p. of exacerbare; ex out (intens.) + acerbare. See Acerbate.] To render more violent or bitter; to irritate; to exasperate; to imbitter, as passions or disease. Broughman.

Ex*ac`er*ba"tion (?) n. [Cf. F. exacerbation.] 1. The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of being exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity; as, exacerbation of passion.

2. (Med.) A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as in remittent or continious fever; an increased energy of diseased and painful action.

Ex*ac`er*bes"cence (?), n. [L. exacerbescens, -entis, p. pr. of exacerbescere, incho. of exacerbare.] Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase of a fever or disease.

Ex*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L. exacervare to heap up exceedingly. See Ex-, and Acervate.] The act of heaping up. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex*ac"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. ex out + acinus kernel.] To remove the kernel form.

Ex*ac`i*na"tion (?), n. Removal of the kernel.

Ex*act" (?), a. [L. exactus precise, accurate, p. p. of exigere to drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine, measure; ex out + agere to drive; cf. F. exact. See Agent, Act.] 1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect; true; correct; precise; as, the clock keeps exact time; he paid the exact debt; an exact copy of a letter; exact accounts.

> I took a great pains to make out the exact truth.

Jowett (Thucyd. )

2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual; as, a man exact in observing an appointment; in my doings I was exact. "I see thou art exact of taste." Milton.

3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.

> An exact command,
> Larded with many several sorts of reason.

Shak.

Ex*act", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exacting.] [From L. exactus, p. p. of exigere; or fr. LL. exactare: cf. OF. exacter. See Exact, a.] To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel to yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward when none is due; -- followed by from or of before the one subjected to exaction; as, to exact tribute, fees, obedience, etc., from or of some one.

> He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you.

Luke. iii. 13.

> Years of servise past
> From grateful souls exact reward at last

Dryden.

> My designs
> Exact me in another place.

Massinger.

Ex*act", v. i. To practice exaction. [R.]

> The anemy shall not exact upon him.

Ps. lxxxix. 22.

Ex*act"er (?), n. An exactor. [R.]

Ex*act"ing, a. Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh; severe. "A temper so exacting." T. Arnold -- Ex*act"ing*ly, adv. -- Ex*act"ing*ness, n.

Ex*ac"tion (?), n. [L. exactio: cf. F. exaction.] 1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by force; a driving to compliance; as, the exaction to tribute or of obedience; hence, extortion.

> Take away your exactions from my people.

Ezek. xlv. 9.

> Daily new exactions are devised.

Shak.

> Illegal exactions of sheriffs and officials.

Bancroft.

2. That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or contribution, demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Daniel.

Ex*act"i*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. exactitude.] The quality of being exact; exactness.

Ex*act"ly, adv. In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard, or fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely. "Exactly wrought." Shak.

> His enemies were pleased, for he had acted exactly as their interests required.

Bancroft.

Ex*act"ness, n. 1. The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision; regularity; as, exactness of judgement or deportment.

2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as, exactness in accounts or business.

> He had . . . that sort of exactness which would have made him a respectable antiquary.

Macaulay.

Ex*act"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. exacteur.] One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or demands. Jer. Taylor.

<! p. 519 !>

Ex*act"ress (?), n. [Cf. L. exactrix.] A woman who is an exactor. [R.] B. Jonson.

Ex*ac"u*ate (?), v. t. [L. exacure; ex out (intens.) + acuere to make sharp.] To whet or sharpen. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Ex*ac`u*a"tion (#), n. [Obs.]

||Ex*ær"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; a taking away.] (Surg.) In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of parts of the body.

Ex*ag"ger*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaggerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exaggerating . ] [L. exaggeratus , p. p. of exaggerare to heap up; ex out + aggerare to heap up, fr. agger heap, aggerere to bring to; ad to + gerere to bear. See Jest. ] 1. To heap up; to accumulate. [Obs.] "Earth exaggerated upon them [oaks and firs]." Sir M. Hale.

2. To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth ; to delineate extravagantly ; to overstate the truth concerning.

> A friend exaggerates a man's virtues.

Addison.

Ex*ag"ger*a`ted (?), a. Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly, adv.

Ex*ag"ger*a`ting (?) a. That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds. -- Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly, adv.

Ex*ag`ger*a"tion (?), n. [L. exaggeratio : cf. F. exagération.] 1. The act of heaping or piling up. [Obs.] "Exaggeration of sand." Sir M. Hale.

2. The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.

> No need of an exaggeration of what they saw.

I. Taylor.

3. (Paint.) A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression, beauty, power, vigor.

Ex*ag"ger*a*tive (?), a. Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration. "Exaggerative language." Geddes. "Exaggerative pictures." W. J. Linton.

-- Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly, adv. Carlyle.

Ex*ag"ger*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration. L. Horner.

Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry (?), a. Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative. Johnson.

Ex*ag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. exagitatus, p. p. of exagitare. See Ex-, and Agitate.] 1. To stir up; to agitate. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

2. To satirize; to censure severely. [Obs.] Hooker.

Ex*ag`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exagitatio : cf. OF. exagitation.] Agitation. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex`al*bu"mi*nous (?), a. [Pref. ex- + albumen.] (Bot.) Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds.

Ex*alt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exalting.] [L. exaltare; ex out (intens.) + altare to make high, altus high: cf.F. exalter. See Altitude.] 1. To raise high; to elevate; to lift up.

> I will exalt my throne above the stars of God.

Is. xiv. 13.

> Exalt thy towery head, and lift thine eyes

Pope.

2. To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or the like; to dignify; to promote; as, to exalt a prince to the throne, a citizen to the presidency.

> Righteousness exalteth a nation.

Prov. xiv. 34.

> He that humbleth himself shall be exalted.

Luke xiv. 11.

3. To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol; to glorify. "Exalt ye the Lord." Ps. xcix. 5.

> In his own grace he doth exalt himself.

Shak.

4. To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with delight or satisfaction; to elate.

> They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily exalted.

Dryden.

5. To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical instrument. Is. xxxvii. 23.

> Now Mars, she said, let Fame exalt her voice.

Prior.

6. (Alchem.) To render pure or refined; to intensify or concentrate; as, to exalt the juices of bodies.

> With chemic art exalts the mineral powers.

Pope.

Ex"al*tate (?), a. [L. exaltatus, p. p. of exaltare to exalt.] (Astrol.) Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ex`al*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exaltatio: cf. F. exaltation.] 1. The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of being exalted; elevation.

> Wondering at my flight, and change
> To this high exaltation.

Milton.

2. (Alchem.) The refinement or subtilization of a body, or the increasing of its virtue or principal property.

3. (Astrol.) That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it was supposed to exert its strongest influence.

Ex*alt"ed (?), a. Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined; dignified; sublime.

> Wiser far than Solomon,
> Of more exalted mind.

Milton.

> Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny.

Ames.

-- Ex*alt"ed*ly, adv. -- Ex*alt"ed*ness, n. "The exaltedness of some minds." T. Gray.

Ex*alt"er (?), n. One who exalts or raises to dignity.

Ex*alt"ment (?), n. Exaltation. [Obs.] Barrow.

Ex*a"men (?), n. [L., the tongue of a balance, examination; for exagmen, fr. exigere to weigh accurately, to treat: cf. F. examen. See Exact, a.] Examination; inquiry. [R.] "A critical examen of the two pieces." Cowper.

Ex*am"e*tron (?), n. [NL. See Hexameter.] An hexameter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ex*am"i*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being examined or inquired into. Bacon.

Ex*am"i*nant (?), n. [L. examinans, -antis, examining.] 1. One who examines; an examiner. Sir W. Scott.

2. One who is to be examined. [Obs.] H. Prideaux.

Ex*am"i*nate (?), n. [L. examinatus, p. p. of examinare. See Examine. ] A person subjected to examination. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*am`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. examinatio: cf. F. examination.] 1. The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment.

2. A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; as, the examination of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry.

> He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the examinations.

Macaulay.

Examination in chief, or Direct examination (Law), that examination which is made of a witness by a party calling him. -- Cross- examination, that made by the opposite party. -- Reëxamination, or Re-direct examination, that made by a party calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising out of, the cross- examination.

Syn. -- Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny; inquisition; inspection; exploration.

Ex*am"i*na`tor (#), n. [L.: cf. F. examinateur.] An examiner. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Examined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Examining.] [L. examinare, examinatum, fr. examen, examinis: cf. F. examiner. See Examen.] 1. To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully with a view to discover the real character or state of; to subject to inquiry or inspection of particulars for the purpose of obtaining a fuller insight into the subject of examination, as a material substance, a fact, a reason, a cause, the truth of a statement; to inquire or search into; to explore; as, to examine a mineral; to examine a ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to examine a proposition, theory, or question.

> Examine well your own thoughts.

Chaucer.

> Examine their counsels and their cares.

Shak.

2. To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test by question; as, to examine a witness in order to elicit testimony, a student to test his qualifications, a bankrupt touching the state of his property, etc.

> The offenders that are to be examined.

Shak.

Syn. -- To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into; investigate; explore. See Discuss.

Ex*am`i*nee" (?), n. A person examined.

Ex*am"in*er (?), n. One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates; an officer or person charged with the duty of making an examination; as, an examiner of students for a degree; an examiner in chancery, in the patent office, etc.

Ex*am"in*er*ship, n. The office or rank of an examiner.

Ex*am"in*ing, a. Having power to examine; appointed to examine; as, an examining committee.

Ex"am*pla*ry (?), a. [From Example, cf. Exemplary.] Serving for example or pattern; exemplary. [Obs.] Hooker.

Ex*am"ple (?), n. [A later form for ensample, fr. L. exemplum, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a sample, from eximere to take out. See Exempt, and cf. Ensample, Sample.] 1. One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of the whole; a sample; a specimen.

2. That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a pattern or copy.

> For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.

John xiii. 15.

> I gave, thou sayest, the example; I led the way.

Milton.

3. That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a precedent; a model.

> Such temperate order in so fierce a cause
> Doth want example.

Shak.

4. That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment and to serve as a warning; a warning.

> Hang him; he'll be made an example.

Shak.

> Now these things were our examples, to the intent that we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.

1 Cor. x. 6.

5. An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept, especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be determined, as an exercise in the application of the rules of any study or branch of science; as, in trigonometry and grammar, the principles and rules are illustrated by examples.

Syn. -- Precedent; case; instance. -- Example, Instance. The discrimination to be made between these two words relates to cases in which we give "instances" or "examples" of things done. An instance denotes the single case then "standing" before us; if there be others like it, the word does not express this fact. On the contrary, an example is one of an entire class of like things, and should be a true representative or sample of that class. Hence, an example proves a rule or regular course of things; an instance simply points out what may be true only in the case presented. A man's life may be filled up with examples of the self-command and kindness which marked his character, and may present only a solitary instance of haste or severity. Hence, the word "example" should never be used to describe what stands singly and alone. We do, however, sometimes apply the word instance to what is really an example, because we are not thinking of the latter under this aspect, but solely as a case which "stands before us." See Precedent.

Ex*am"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exampling (?).] To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify; to give an instance of; to instance. [Obs.] "I may example my digression by some mighty precedent." Shak.

> Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid assiduity that has not often been exampled, and has never been surpassed.

J. Morley.

Ex*am"ple*less (?), a. Without or above example. [R.]

Ex*am"pler (?), n. [See Exemplar, Example, and cf. Sampler.] A pattern; an exemplar. [Obs.]

Ex*am"pless (?), a. Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.] B. Jonson.

Ex*an"gui*ous (?), a. Bloodless. [Obs.] See Exsanguious. Sir T. Browne.

Ex*an"gu*lous (?), a. [Pref ex- + angulous.] Having no corners; without angles. [R.]

Ex*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. exanimatus, p. p. of exanimare to deprive of life or spirit; ex out + anima air, breath, life, spirit.] 1. Lifeless; dead. [R.] "Carcasses exanimate." Spenser.

2. Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened. [R.] "Pale . . . wretch, exanimate by love." Thomson.

Ex*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To deprive of animation or of life. [Obs.]

Ex*an`i*ma"tion (?), n.[L. exanimatio.] Deprivation of life or of spirits. [R.] Bailey.

Ex*an"i*mous (?), a. [L. exanimus, exanimis; ex out, without + anima life.] Lifeless; dead. [Obs.] Johnson.

Ex*an"nu*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + annulate.] (Bot.) Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain genera of ferns.

Ex*an"them (?), n. Same as Exanthema.

||Ex`an*the"ma (?), n.; pl. Exanthemata (#). [L., fr. Gr.&?;, fr.&?; to burst forth as flowers, break out, as ulcers; &?;, &?;, out + 'anqei^n to bloom, 'a`nqos flower: cf. F. exanthème.] (Med.) An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever. Dunglison.

{ Ex*an`the*mat"ic (?), Ex`an*them"a*tous (?), } a. Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent; as, an exanthematous eruption.

||Ex`an*the"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; . See Exanthema. ] (Med.) An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.

Ex*ant"late (?), v. t. [L. exantlatus, p. p. of exantlare, exanclare, to endure.] To exhaust or wear out. [Obs.] "Seeds . . . wearied or exantlated." Boyle.

Ex`ant*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exantlation.] Act of drawing out ; exhaustion. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex"a*rate (?), v. t. [L. exaratus, p. p. of exarare to plow up, to write; ex out + arare to plow.] To plow up; also, to engrave; to write. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exaratio.] Act of plowing; also, act of writing. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex"arch (?), n. [L. exarchus, Gr. &?; &?; commander; &?;,&?;, out + &?; to lead, rule: cf. F. exarque.] A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch , who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc.

Ex*ar"chate (?), n. [LL. exarchatus, fr. L. exarchus: cf. F. exarchat.] The office or the province of an exarch. Jer. Taylor.

Ex*ar"il*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + arillate.] (Bot.) Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants producing them.

Ex`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + articulate.] (Zoöl.) Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.

Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Pref. ex- + articulation.] Luxation; the dislocation of a joint. Bailey.

Ex*as"per*ate (?), a. [L. exasperatus, p. p. of exsasperare to roughen, exasperate; ex out (intens.) + asperare to make rough, asper rough. See Asperity.] Exasperated; imbittered. [Obs.] Shak.

> Like swallows which the exasperate dying year
> Sets spinning.

Mrs. Browning.

Ex*as"per*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsasperated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exasperating (?).] 1. To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to excite or to inflame the anger of; as, to exasperate a person or his feelings.

> To exsasperate them against the king of France.

Addison.

2. To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to imbitter; as, to exasperate enmity.

> To exasperate the ways of death.

Sir T. Browne.

Syn. -- To irritate; provoke. See Irritate.

Ex*as"per*a`ter (?), n. One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.

Ex*as`per*a"tion (?), n. [L. exasperatio: cf. F. exaspération.] 1. The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.

> Extorted from him by the exasperation of his spirits.

South.

2. Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation. "Exasperation of the fits." Sir H. Wotton.

Ex`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; out + &?;, &?;, a shield.] (Zoöl.) Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the outer side, leaving the inner side naked; -- said of certain birds.

Ex*auc"tor*ate (?), v. t. See Exauthorate. [Obs.]

Ex*auc`tor*a"tion (?), n. See Exauthoration.

Ex*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [L. exauguratus, p. p. of exaugurare to profane; ex out + augurari to act as an augur, fr. augur. ] To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow. [Obs.] Holland.

Ex*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exauguratio desecration.] The act of exaugurating; desecration. [Obs.]

Ex*au"thor*ate (?), v. t. [L. exauctoratus, p. p. of exauctorare to dismiss; ex out + auctorare to bind to something, to hire, fr. auctor. See Author.] To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge. [Obs.]

> Exauthorated for their unworthiness.

Jer. Taylor.

Ex*au`thor*a"tion (?), n. Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.] To deprive of uthority. [Obs.] Selden.

Ex*au"thor*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + authorize.] To deprive of authority. [Obs.] Selden.

<! p. 520 !>

Ex*cal"ce*ate (?), v. t. [L. excalceatus, p. p. of excalceare to unshoe. See Calceated.] To deprive of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

Ex*cal`ce*a"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of shoes. [Obs.] Chambers.

Ex`cal*fac"tion (?), n. [L. excalfactio.] A heating or warming; calefaction. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`cal*fac"tive (?), a. [L. excalfacere to warm; ex out (intens.) + calfacere to warm.] Serving to heat; warming. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Ex`cal*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. excalfactorius.] Heating; warming. [Obs.] Holland.

Ex*cal"i*bur (?), n. The name of King Arthur's mythical sword. [Written also Excalibar, Excalibor, Escalibar, and Caliburn.] Tennyson.

{ Ex*camb" (?), Ex*cam"bie (?), } v. t. [LL. excambiare, excambire; L. ex out + cambire. See Change, and cf. Exchange.] (Scots Law) To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.

{ ||Ex*cam"bi*on (?), ||Ex*cam"bi*um (?), } n. [LL. excambium. See Excamb.] (Scots Law) Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands.

Ex`can*des"cence (?), n. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence. [R.]

2. Violent anger; a growing angry. [Obs.] Blount.

Ex`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. excandescens, p. pr. of excandescere to take fire, glow; ex out (intens.) + candescere to begin to glisten or glow, fr. candere. See Candid.] White or glowing with heat. [R.] Ure.

Ex`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excantare to charm out. See Ex&?;, and Chant.] Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Obs.] Gayton.

Ex*car"nate (?), v. t. [LL. excarnatus, p. p. of excarnare; L. ex out + caro, carnis, flesh.] To deprive or clear of flesh. Grew.

Ex`car*na"tion (?), n. The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to incarnation.

Ex*car"ni*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out + LL. carnificatus, p. p. carnificare to carnify; cf. L. excarnificare to tear to pieces, torment. See Carnify.] To clear of flesh; to excarnate. Dr. H. More.

Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh; excarnation. Johnson.

Ex"ca*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excavated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excavating(?).] [L. excavatus, p. p. of excavare to excavate; ex out + cavare to make hollow, cavus hollow. See Cave.] 1. To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; as, to excavate a ball; to excavate the earth.

2. To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; as, to excavate a canoe, a cellar, a channel.

3. (Engin.) To dig out and remove, as earth.

> The material excavated was usually sand.

E. L. Corthell.

Excavating pump, a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump. Knight.

Ex`ca*va"tion (?), n. [L. excavatio: cf. F. excavation.] 1. The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.

2. A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping. "A winding excavation." Glover.

3. (Engin.) (a) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel. (b) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity.

> The delivery of the excavations at a distance of 250 feet.

E. L. Corthell.

Ex"ca*va`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.

Ex*cave" (?), v. t. [L. excavare.] To excavate. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex*ce"cate (?), v. t. [L. excaecatus, p. p. of excaecare to blind; ex (intens.) + caecare to blind, caecus blind.] To blind. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex`ce*ca"tion (?), n. The act of making blind. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.

Ex*ced"ent (?), n. [L. excedens, -entis, p. pr. of excedere. See Exceed, v. t.] Excess. [R.]

Ex*ceed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exceeding.] [L. excedere, excessum, to go away or beyond; ex out + cedere to go, to pass: cf. F. excéder. See Cede.] To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; as, one man exceeds another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc.; one offender exceeds another in villainy; his rank exceeds yours.

> Name the time, but let it not
> Exceed three days.

Shak.

> Observes how much a chintz exceeds mohair.

Pope.

Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.

Ex*ceed", v. i. 1. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure. "In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly exceed." Jer. Taylor.

> Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed.

Deut. xxv. 3.

2. To be more or greater; to be paramount. Shak.

Ex*ceed"a*ble (?), a. Capable of exceeding or surpassing. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Ex*ceed"er (?), n. One who exceeds. Bp. Montagu.

Ex*ceed"ing, a. More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless. "The exceeding riches of his grace." Eph. ii. 7. -- Ex*ceed"ing*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Ex*ceed"ing, adv. In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly. [Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.] "The voice exceeding loud." Keble.

> His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow.

Mark ix. 3.

> The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Ex*ceed"ing*ly (?), adv. To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It signifies more than very.

Ex*cel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excelled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excelling.] [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.] 1. To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense.

> Excelling others, these were great;
> Thou, greater still, must these excel.

Prior.

> I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness.

Eccl. ii. 13.

2. To exceed or go beyond; to surpass.

> She opened; but to shut
> Excelled her power; the gates wide open stood.

Milton.

Ex*cel", v. i. To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; as, to excel in mathematics, or classics.

> Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.

Gen. xlix. 4.

> Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' excel.

Pope.

Ex"cel*lence (?), n. [F. excellence, L. excellentia.] 1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue.

> Consider first that great
> Or bright infers not excellence.

Milton.

2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue.

> With every excellence refined.

Beattie.

3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form excellency.

> I do greet your excellence
> With letters of commission from the king.

Shak.

Syn. -- Superiority; preëminence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness.

Ex"cel*len*cy (?), n.; pl. Excellencies (&?;). 1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority.

> His excellency is over Israel.

Ps. lxviii. 34.

> Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency.

Hooker.

2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes.

Ex"cel*lent (?), a. [F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of excellere. See Excel.] 1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding, principles, aims, action.

> To love . . .
> What I see excellent in good or fair.

Milton.

2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance. [Obs. or Ironical] "An excellent hypocrite." Hume.

> Their sorrows are most excellent.

Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy.

Ex"cel*lent, adv. Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [Obs.] "This comes off well and excellent." Shak.

Ex"cel*lent*ly, adv. 1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.

2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness. [Obs.]

> When the whole heart is excellently sorry.

J. Fletcher.

||Ex*cel"si*or, a. [L., compar. of excelsus elevated, lofty, p. p. of excellere. See Excel, v. t.] More lofty; still higher; ever upward.

Ex*cel"si*or, n. A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair.

Ex*cen"tral (?), a. [Pref. ex- + central.] (Bot.) Out of the center.

{ Ex*cen"tric (?), Ex*cen"tric*al (?), } a. 1. Same as Eccentric, Eccentrical.

2. (Bot.) One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true center. Gray.

Ex`cen*tric"i*ty (?). (Math.) Same as Eccentricity.

Ex*cept" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excepting.] [L. exceptus, p. p. of excipere to take or draw out, to except; ex out + capere to take: cf. F. excepter. See Capable.] 1. To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit.

> Who never touched
> The excepted tree.

Milton.

> Wherein (if we only except the unfitness of the judge) all other things concurred.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To object to; to protest against. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*cept", v. i. To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by against; as, to except to a witness or his testimony.

> Except thou wilt except against my love.

Shak.

Ex*cept", prep. [Originally past participle, or verb in the imperative mode.] With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting.

> God and his Son except,
> Created thing naught valued he nor . . . shunned.

Milton.

Syn. -- Except, Excepting, But, Save, Besides. Excepting, except, but, and save are exclusive. Except marks exclusion more pointedly. "I have finished all the letters except one," is more marked than "I have finished all the letters but one." Excepting is the same as except, but less used. Save is chiefly found in poetry. Besides (lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one here except or but him," means, take him away and there is nobody present. "There is nobody here besides him," means, he is present and by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, except her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example, besides should be used, not except.

Ex*cept" (?), conj. Unless; if it be not so that.

> And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.

Gen. xxxii. 26.

> But yesterday you never opened lip,
> Except, indeed, to drink.

Tennyson.

As a conjunction unless has mostly taken the place of except.

Ex*cept"ant (?), a. Making exception.

Ex*cept"ing, prep. & conj., but properly a participle. With rejection or exception of; excluding; except. "Excepting your worship's presence." Shak.

> No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, excepting by himself.

Lubbock.

Ex*cep"tion (?), n. [L. exceptio: cf. F. exception.] 1. The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.

2. That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included; as, almost every general rule has its exceptions.

> Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark,
> Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark.

Cowper.

Often with to.

> That proud exception to all nature's laws.

Pope.

3. (Law) An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something before granted. Burrill.

4. An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense; -- usually followed by to or against.

> I will never answer what exceptions they can have against our account [relation].

Bentley.

> He . . . took exception to the place of their burial.

Bacon.

> She takes exceptions at your person.

Shak.

Bill of exceptions (Law), a statement of exceptions to the decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them before a superior court or the full bench for review.

Ex*cep"tion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to exception or objection; objectionable. -- Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness, n.

> This passage I look upon to be the most exceptionable in the whole poem.

Addison.

Ex*cep"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. exceptionnel.] Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence, better than the average; superior. Lyell.

> This particular spot had exceptional advantages.

Jowett (Th. )

-- Ex*cep"tion*al*ly(#), adv.

Ex*cep"tion*er (?), n. One who takes exceptions or makes objections. [Obs.] Milton.

Ex*cep"tion*less, a. Without exception.

> A universal, . . . exceptionless disqualification.

Bancroft.

Ex*cep"tious (?), a. Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious. [Obs.]

> At least effectually silence the doubtful and exceptious.

South.

-- Ex*cep"tious*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

Ex*cept"ive (?), a. That excepts; including an exception; as, an exceptive proposition. I. Watts.

> A particular and exceptive law.

Milton.

Ex*cept"less, a. Not exceptional; usual. [Obs.]

> My general and exceptless rashness.

Shak.

Ex*cept"or (?), n. [L., a scribe.] One who takes exceptions. T. Burnet.

Ex*cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. excerebratus deprived of brains; ex out + cerebrum brain.] The act of removing or beating out the brains.

Ex*cer"e*brose` (?), a. [See Excerebration.] Brainless. [R.]

Ex*cern" (?), v. t. [L. excernere. See Excrete.] To excrete; to throw off through the pores; as, fluids are excerned in perspiration. [R.] Bacon.

Ex*cern"ent (?), a. [See Excern.] (Physiol.) Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.

Ex*cerp" (?), v. t. [L. excerpere, excerptum; ex out + carpere to pick, gather. See Harvest, and cf. Scarce, a.] To pick out. [Obs.] Hales.

Ex*cerpt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excerpted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excerpting.] [From L. excerptus, p. p. See Excerp.] To select; to extract; to cite; to quote.

> Out of which we have excerpted the following particulars.

Fuller.

Ex*cerp"t (277), n. An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record.

||Ex*cerp"tion (?), n. [L. excerptio.] 1. The act of excerpting or selecting. [R.]

2. That which is selected or gleaned; an extract. [R.]

> His excerptions out of the Fathers.

Fuller.

Ex*cerp"tive (?), a. That excerpts, selects, or chooses. D. L. Mackenzie.

Ex*cerp"tor (?), n. One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.

Ex*cess" (?), n. [OE. exces, excess, ecstasy, L. excessus a going out, loss of self- possession, fr. excedere, excessum, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. excès. See Exceed.] 1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or proper; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light.

> To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,
> To throw a perfume on the violet, . . .
> Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.

Shak.

> That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy.

Walsh.

2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation.

> Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.

Eph. v. 18.

> Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
> That reaches blame.

Milton.

3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other.

Spherical excess (Geom.), the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

<! p. 521 !>

Ex*cess"ive (k*ss"v), a. [Cf. F. excessif.] Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch.

> Excessive grief [is] the enemy to the living.

Shak.

Syn. -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See Enormous

--Ex*cess*ive*ly, adv. - Ex*cess"ive*ness, n.

Ex*change" (ks*chnj"), n. [OE. eschange, eschaunge, OF. eschange, fr. eschangier, F. échanger, to exchange; pref. ex- out + F. changer. See Change, and cf. Excamb.] 1. The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain.

2. The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views.

3. The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another. Shak.

4. (Com.) The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange.

A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.

5. (Law) A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple. Blackstone.

6. The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to 'Change.

Arbitration of exchange. See under Arbitration. -- Bill of exchange. See under Bill. -- Exchange broker. See under Broker. -- Par of exchange, the established value of the coin or standard of value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France or the United States. The par of exchange rarely varies, and serves as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the demand and supply. Exchange is at par when, for example, a bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is in favor of a place when it can be purchased there at or above par. -- Telephone exchange, a central office in which the wires of any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit conversation.

Syn. -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.

Ex*change", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exchanging (?).] [Cf.OF. eschangier, F. échanger. See Exchange, n.] 1. To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received.

> Exchange his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a diamond.

Locke.

2. To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing parted with); as, to exchange a palace for cell.

> And death for life exchanged foolishly.

Spenser.

> To shift his being
> Is to exchange one misery with another.

Shak.

3. To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange houses or hats.

> Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.

Shak.

Syn. -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap; traffic.

Ex*change", v. i. To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.

Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being exchangeable.

> The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons.

Washington.

Ex*change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf.F. échangeable.] 1. Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.

> The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of General Howe.

Marshall.

2. Available for making exchanges; ratable. "An exchangeable value." J. S. Mill.

Ex*change"a*bly, adv. By way of exchange.

Ex*chan"ger (?), n. One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt. xxv. 27.

Ex*cheat" (?), n. See Escheat. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*cheat"or (?), n. See Escheator. [Obs.]

Ex*cheq"uer (?), n. [OE. escheker, OF. eichekier, fr. LL. scaccarium. See Checker, Chess, Check.] 1. One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table. [Eng.]

The exchequer was a court of law and equity. In the revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to exchequer him. The judges of this court were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The Court of Exchequer Chamber sat as court of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being established for the trial of all classes of civil cases. Wharton.

2. The department of state having charge of the collection and management of the royal revenue. [Eng.] Hence, the treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, the company's exchequer is low.

Barons of the exchequer. See under Baron. -- Chancellor of the exchequer. See under Chancellor. -- Exchequer bills or bonds (Eng.), bills of money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government, and bearing interest.

Ex*cheq"uer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exchequered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exchequering.] To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of Exchequer.

Ex*cide" (?), v. t. [L. excidere, excisum; ex out + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Excise to cut off.] To cut off. [R.]

Ex*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. excipients, -entis, p. pr. of exipere. See Except, v. t.] Taking an exception.

Ex*cip"i*ent, n. 1. An exceptor. [R.]

2. (Med.) An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal agents. Chambers.

{ Ex"ci*ple (?), ||Ex*cip"u*lum (?), } n. [NL. excipulum, fr. L. excipere. See Except.] (Bot.) The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.

Ex*cis"a*ble (?), a. Liable or subject to excise; as, tobacco in an excisable commodity.

Ex*cise" (?), n. [Apparently fr. L. excisum cut off, fr. excidere to cut out or off; ex out, off + caedere to cut; or, as the word was formerly written accise, fr. F. accise, LL. accisia, as if fr. L. accidere, accisum, to cut into; ad + caedere to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. assise, LL. assisa, assisia, assize. See Assize, Concise.] 1. In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used adjectively; as, excise duties; excise law; excise system.

> The English excise system corresponds to the internal revenue system in the United States.

Abbot.

> An excise . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on merchandise, products, or commodities.

11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts.

2. That department or bureau of the public service charged with the collection of the excise taxes. [Eng.]

Ex*cise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excising.] 1. To lay or impose an excise upon.

2. To impose upon; to overcharge. [Prov. Eng.]

Ex*cise", v. t. [See Excide.] To cut out or off; to separate and remove; as, to excise a tumor.

Ex*cise"man (?), n.; pl. Excisemen (&?;). An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise duty. Macaulay.

Ex*ci"sion (?), n. [L. excisio: cf. F. excision. See Excide.] 1. The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation; destruction.

> Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations that have . . . grown ripe for excision.

Atterbury.

2. (Eccl.) The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication.

3. (Surg.) The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting instrument. Dunglison.

Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. excitabilité.] 1. The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by exciting causes.

2. (Physiol.) The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants; irritability; as, nervous excitability.

Ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. excitabilis inciting: cf. F. excitable.] Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.

Ex*cit"ant (?), a. [L. excitans, -antis, p. pr. of excitare: cf. F. excitant.] Tending to excite; exciting.

Ex*cit"ant, n. (Physiol.) An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or parts; a stimulant.

Ex*cit"ate (?), v. t. [L. excitatus, p. p. of excitare. See Excite.] To excite. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex`ci*ta"tion (?) n. [L. excitatio: cf. F. excitation.] 1. The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.) The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.

Ex*cit"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatif.] Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite; excitatory. Barrow.

Ex"ci*ta`tor (?), n. [L., one who rouses.] (Elec.) A kind of discarder.

Ex*cit"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excitatoire.] Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.

Ex*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excited; p. pr. & vb. n. exciting.] [L. excitare; ex out + citare to move rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. esciter, exciter, F. exciter. See Cite.] 1. To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; as, to excite a person, the spirits, the passions; to excite a mutiny or insurrection; to excite heat by friction.

2. (Physiol.) To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or any of its parts.

Syn. -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke. -- To Excite, Incite. When we excite we rouse into action feelings which were less strong; when we incite we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end. Demosthenes excited the passions of the Athenians against Philip, and thus incited the whole nation to unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of Cæsar, so excited the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were incited to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but hopes of plunder.

Ex*cite"ful (?), n. Full of exciting qualities; as, an exciteful story; exciteful players. Chapman.

Ex*cite"ment (?) n. [Cf. OF. excitement, escitement.] 1. The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; as, an excitement of the people.

2. That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive.

> The cares and excitements of a season of transition and struggle.

Talfowrd.

3. (Physiol.) A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues.

Ex*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, excites.

> Hope is the grand exciter of industry.

Dr. H. More.

Ex*cit"ing, a. Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; as, exciting events; an exciting story. -- Ex*cit"ing*ly, adv.

Exciting causes (Med.), those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes.

Ex*cit"ive (?), a. Serving or tending to excite; excitative. [R.] Bamfield.

Ex*cit"ive, n. That which excites; an excitant. [R.]

Ex*ci`to-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) Motion excited by reflex nerves. See Excito-motory.

Ex*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. (Physiol.) Excito-motory; as, excito-motor power or causes.

Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex actions, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.

Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent (?), a (Physiol.) Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the nutritional processes are either excited or modified.

Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are excited to action.

Ex*claim" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Exclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exclaiming.] [L. exclamare, exclamatum; ex + clamare to cry out; cf. OF. exclamer. See Clam.] To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; as, to exclaim against oppression with wonder or astonishment; "The field is won!" he exclaimed.

Ex*claim", n. Outcry; clamor. [Archaic]

> Cursing cries and deep exclaims.

Shak.

Ex*claim"er, n. One who exclaims.

Ex`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. exclamatio: cf. F. exclamation.] 1. A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.

> Exclamations against abuses in the church.

Hooker.

> Thus will I drown your exclamations.

Shak.

> A festive exclamation not unsuited to the occasion.

Trench.

2. (Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.

3. (Print.) A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also exclamation point.

Ex*clam"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. exclamatif.] Exclamatory. Earle. -- Ex*clam"a*tive*ly, adv.

Ex*clam"a*to*ry (?), a. Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; as, an exclamatory phrase or speaker. South. -- Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly (#), adv.

Ex*clave" (?), n. [Formed fr. enclave by substitution of ex- for en-] A portion of a country which is separated from the main part and surrounded by politically alien territory. [Recent.]

The same territory is an enclave in respect to the surrounding country and an exclave with respect to the country to which it is politically attached.

Ex*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Excluding.] [L. excludere, exclusum; ex out + claudere to shut. See Close.] 1. To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite to admit; as, to exclude a crowd from a room or house; to exclude the light; to exclude one nation from the ports of another; to exclude a taxpayer from the privilege of voting.

> And none but such, from mercy I exclude.

Milton.

2. To thrust out or eject; to expel; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs.

Excluded middle. (logic) The name given to the third of the "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See Principle of contradiction, under Contradiction.

<! p. 522 !>

Ex*clu"sion (?), n. [L. exclusio: cf. F. exclusion. See Exclude.] 1. The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded.

> His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss.

Milton.

> The exclusion of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland.

Hume.

2. (Physiol.) The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the womb.

3. Thing emitted. Sir T. Browne.

Ex*clu"sion*a*ry (?), a. Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.

Ex*clu"sion*ism (?), n. The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.

Ex*clu"sion*ist, n. One who would exclude another from some right or privilege; esp., one of the anti- popish politicians of the time of Charles II.

Ex*clu"sive (?) a. [Cf. F. exclusif.] 1. Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; as, exclusive bars; exclusive privilege; exclusive circles of society.

2. Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; -- opposed to inclusive; as, five thousand troops, exclusive of artillery.

Ex*clu"sive, n. One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few.

Ex*clu"sive*ness, n. Quality of being exclusive.

Ex*clu"siv*ism (?), n. The act or practice of excluding being exclusive; exclusiveness.

Ex*clu"siv*ist, n. One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or exclusivism.

> The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of the exclusivists of the solar theory.

Gladstone.

Ex*clu"so*ry (?), a. [L. exclusorius.] Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.

Ex*coct" (?) v. t. [L. excoctus, p. p. of excoquere to excoct. See 3d Cook.] To boil out; to produce by boiling. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*coc"tion (?). [L. excoctio.] The act of excocting or boiling out. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*cog"i*tate (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excogitated (#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Excogitating.] [L. excogitatus, p. p. of excogitare to excogitate; ex out + cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise; to contrive. "Excogitate strange arts." Stirling.

> This evidence . . . thus excogitated out of the general theory.

Whewell.

Ex*cog"i*tate, v. i. To cogitate. [R.] Bacon.

Ex*cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. excogitatio: cf. F. excogitation.] The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention; contrivance.

Ex`com*mune" (?) v. t. [Cf. F. excommuier. See Excommunicate.] To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate. [Obs.]

> Poets . . . were excommuned Plato's common wealth

Gayton.

Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [See Excommunicate.] Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making excommunication possible or proper. "Persons excommunicable ." Bp. Hall.

> What offenses are excommunicable ?

Kenle.

Ex`com*mu"ni*cant (?), n. One who has been excommunicated.

Ex"com*mu"ni*cate (?), a. [L. excommunicatus, p. p. of communicare to excommunicate; ex out + communicare. See Communicate.] Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church. -- n. One excommunicated.

> Thou shalt stand cursed and excommunicate.

Shak.

Ex`com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excommunicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excommunicating (?).] 1. To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence.

2. To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict.

> Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that excommunicated the reading of heretical books.

Miltin.

Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [L. excommunicatio: cf. F. excommunication.] The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

excommunication is of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a separation or suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the greater is an absolute execution of the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even from social intercourse with the faithful.

Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor (?) n. [Cf. LL. excommunicator.] One who excommunicates.

Ex`com*mun"ion (?). A shutting out from communion; excommunication. [Obs.]

> Excommunication is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature.

Milton.

Ex*co"ri*a*ble (?). Capable of being excoriated.

> The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are excoriatable.

Sir T. Browne.

Ex*co"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excoriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. excoriating (?).] [L. excoriare; ex out + corium hide. cf. Scourge; see Cuirass.] To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.

Ex*co`ri*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excoriation.] 1. The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion.

2. Stripping of possession; spoliation. [Obs.]

> A pitiful excoriation of the poorer sort.

Howell.

Ex*cor"ti*cate (?), v. t. [L. ex out, from + cortex, corticis, bark.] To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate. [Obs.] "Excorticate the tree." Evelyn.

Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excortication.] The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus stripped; decortication.

Ex"cre*a*ble (?), a. [L. excreabilis, exscreabilis, fr. exscreare. See Excreate.] Capable of being discharged by spitting. [Obs.] Swift.

Ex"cre*ate (?), v. t. [L. excreare, exsreare; ex out + screare to hawk.] To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex`cre*a"tion (?), n. [L. excreatio, exscreatio.] Act of spitting out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex"cre*ment (?), n. [L. excrementum, fr. excernere, excretum, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. excrément. See Excrete.] Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.

Ex"cre*ment, n. [L. excrementum, fr. excrescere, excretum, to grow out. See Excrescence.] An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth. [Obs.] "Ornamental excrements." Fuller.

> Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which are excrements and no parts.

Bacon.

Ex`cre*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to excrement.

{ Ex`cre*men*ti"tial (?), Ex`cre*men*ti"tious (?), } a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of excrement.

Ex`cre*men"tive (?), a. Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement. [R.] "The excrementive parts." Felthman.

Ex"cre*ment*ize` (?) v. i. To void excrement. [R.] Life of A. Wood &?;.

Ex*cres"cence (?) n. [F. excrescence, excroissanse, L. excrescentia excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of excrescere. See Excrescent.] An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; as, an excrescence on the body, or on a plant. "Excrescences of joy." Jer. Taylor.

> The excrescences of the Spanish monarchy.

Addison.

Ex*cres"cen*cy (?), n. Excrescence. [Obs.]

Ex*cres"cent (?), a. [L. excresens, -entis, p. pr. of excrescere to grow out ; ex out + crescere to grow. See Crescent.] Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a superfluity.

> Expunge the whole, or lip the excrescent parts.

Pope.

Excrescent letter (Philol.), a letter which has been added to a root; as, the d in alder (AS. alr) is an excrescent letter.

Ex`cres*cen"tial (?) a. Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence. [R.] Hawthorne.

||Ex*cre"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] Matters to be excreted.

Ex*crete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excreted; p. pr. & vb. n. Excreting.] [L. excretus, p. p. of excernere to sift out, discharge; ex out + cernere to sift, separate. See Crisis.] To separate and throw off; to excrete urine. "The mucus thus excreted." Hooper.

Ex"cre*tin (?), n. [From Excrete.] (physiol. Chem.) A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity in human fæces.

Ex*cre"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. excrétion.] 1. The act of excreting.

> To promote secretion and excretion.

Pereira.

2. That which is excreted; excrement. Bacon.

Ex*cre"tive (?), a. Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion. Harvey.

Ex*cre"to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. excrétoire.] Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off excrementitious matter.

Ex*cru"ci*a*ble (?), a. [L. excruciabilis.] Liable to torment. [R.] Bailey.

Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), a. [L. excruciatus, p. p. of excruciare to excruciate; ex out + cruciare to put to death on a cross, to torment. See Cruciate, Cross.] Excruciated; tortured.

> And here my heart long time excruciate.

Chapman.

Ex*cru"ci*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excruciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excruciating (?).] To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly; to rack; as, to excruciate the heart or the body.

> Their thoughts, like devils, them excruciate.

Drayton.

Ex*cru"ci*a`ting (?). Torturing; racking. "Excruciating pain." V. Knox. "Excruciating fears." Bentley -- Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

Ex*cru`ci*a"tion (?) n. [L. excruciatio.] The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture. Feltham.

Ex`cu*ba"tion (?) n. [L. excubatio, fr. excubare to lie out on guard; ex out on guard; ex out + cubare to lie down.] A keeping watch. [Obs.] Bailey.

||Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um (?), n. [LL. excubitorium; ex out + cubare, cubitum, to lie.] (Eccl. Antiq.) A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.

Ex*cul"pa*ble (?). Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation. Sir G. Buck.

Ex*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exculpated (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Exculpating (&?;).] [L. ex out + culpatus, p. p. of culpare to find fault with, to blame, culpa fault. See Culpable.] To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit.

> He exculpated himself from being the author of the heroic epistle.

Mason.

> I exculpate him further for his writing against me.

Milman.

Syn. -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.

Ex`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exculpatio.] The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse.

> These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in exculpation of themselves.

Southey.

Ex*cul"pa*to*ry (?). Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing. "An exculpatory letter." Johnson.

Ex*cur" (?) v. i. [L. excurrere. See Excurrent.] To run out or forth; to extend. [Obs.] Harvey.

Ex*cur"rent (?), a. [L. excurrens, p. p. of excurrere, excursum, to run out; ex out + currere to run. See Current.] 1. Running or flowing out; as: (Bot.) Running or extending out; as, an excurrent midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an excurrent steam or trunk, one which continues to the top.

2. (Zoöl) Characterized by a current which flows outward; as, an excurrent orifice or tube.

Ex*curse" (?), v. t. [See excurrent.] To journey or pass thought. [R.]

Ex*cur"sion (?). [L. excursio: cf. F. excursion. See Excurrent.] 1. A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally.

> Far on excursion toward the gates of hell.

Milton.

> They would make excursions and waste the country.

Holland.

2. A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour; as, an excursion into the country.

3. A wandering from a subject; digression.

> I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no excursions.

Cowper.

4. (Mach.) Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of the word.]

Syn. -- Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See Journey.

Ex*cur"sion*ist, n. One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.

Ex*cur"sive (?), a. Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; as, an excursive fancy.

> The course of excursive . . . understandings.

I. Taylor.

-- Ex*cur"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*cur"sive*ness, , n.

||Ex*cur"sus (?), n. [L., fr. excurrere, excursum. See Excurrent.] A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing a more extended exposition of some important point or topic.

Ex*cus"a*ble (?) a. [L. excusabilis: cf. F. excusable. See Excuse.] That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action. -- Ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. -- Ex*cus"a*bly, adv.

> The excusableness of my dissatisfaction.

Boyle.

Ex`cu*sa"tion (?), n. [L. excusatio: cf. F. excusation.] Excuse; apology. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex`cu*sa"tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an apologist. [Obs.] Hume.

Ex*cus"a*to*ry (?), a. Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; as, an excusatory plea.

Ex*cuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Excused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Excusing.] [OE. escusen, cusen, OF. escuser, excuser, F. excuser, fr. L. excusare; ex out + causa cause, causari to plead. See Cause.] 1. To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit.

> A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not excuse him from guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law.

Abp. Sharp.

2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook; as, we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it.

> I must excuse what can not be amended.

Shak.

3. To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to pardon.

> And in our own (excuse some courtly stains.)
> No whiter page than Addison remains.

Pope.

4. To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.

> I pray thee have me excused.

xiv. 19.

5. To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for.

> Think ye that we excuse ourselves to you?

2 Cor. xii. 19.

Syn. -- To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit. - To Pardon, Excuse, Forgive. A superior pardons as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or an equal excuses. A crime, great fault, or a grave offence, as one against law or morals, may be pardoned; a small fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations, slight omissions or neglects may be excused. Forgive relates to offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to forgive injuries or one who has injured us; to pardon grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to excuse an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. Pardon is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of excuse.

<! p. 523 !>

Ex*cuse" (?), n. [Cf. F. excuse. See Excuse, v. t.] 1. The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation.

> Pleading so wisely in excuse of it.

Shak.

2. That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology; as, an excuse for neglect of duty; excuses for delay of payment.

> Hence with denial vain and coy excuse.

Milton.

3. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. "It hath the excuse of youth." Shak.

> If eyes were made for seeing.
> Then beauty is its own excuse for being.

Emerson.

Syn. -- See Apology.

Ex*cuse"less, a. Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology. Whillock.

Ex*cuse"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. excusement.] Excuse. [Obs.] Gower.

Ex*cus"er (?), n. 1. One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another. Swift.

2. One who excuses or forgives another. Shelton.

Ex*cuss" (?), v. t. [L. excussus. p. p. of excutere to shake off; ex out, from + quatere to shake. Cf. Quash.] 1. To shake off; to discard. [R.]

> To excuss the notation of a Geity out of their minds.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. To inspect; to investigate; to decipher. [R.]

> To take some pains in excusing some old monuments.

F. Junius (1654).

3. To seize and detain by law, as goods. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Ex*cus"sion (?), n. [L. excussio a shaking down; LL., a threshing of corn: cf. F. excussion.] The act of excusing; seizure by law. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

||Ex"e*at (?), n. [L., let him go forth.] 1. A license for absence from a college or a religious house. [Eng.] Shipley.

2. A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his diocese. Wharton.

Ex"e*cra*ble (?), a. [L. execrabilis, exsecrabilis: cf. F. exécrable. See Execrate.] Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable; abominable; as, an execrable wretch. "Execrable pride." Hooker.

-- Ex"e*cra*ble*ness, n. -- Ex"e*cra*bly, adv.

Ex"e*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Execrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Execrating (?).] [L. execratus, exsecratus, p. p. of execrare, exsecrare, to execrate; ex out + sacer holy, sacred. See Sacred.] To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. "They . . . execrate their lct." Cowper.

Ex`e*cra"tion (?), n. [L. execratio, exsecratio: cf. F. exécration.] 1. The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed.

> Cease, gentle, queen, these execrations.

Shak.

2. That which is execrated; a detested thing.

> Ye shall be an execration and . . . a curse.

Jer. xlii. 18.

Syn. -- See Malediction.

Ex"e*cra*tive (?), a. Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying. Carlyle. -- Ex"e*cra*tive*ly, adv.

Ex"e*cra*tive, n. A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression. Earle.

Ex"e*cra*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. C. Kingsley. -- n. A formulary of execrations. L. Addison.

Ex*ect" (?), v. t. [See Exsect.] To cut off or out. [Obs.] See Exsect. Harvey.

Ex*ec"tion (?), n. [Obs.] See Exsection.

Ex"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being executed; feasible; as, an executable project. [R.]

Ex*ec"u*tant (?), n. One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical instrument.

> Great executants on the organ.

De Quincey.

Ex"e*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Executed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Executing (?).] [F. exécuter, L. executus, exsecutus, p. p. of exequi to follow to the end, pursue; ex out + sequi to follow. See Second, Sue to follow up, and cf. Exequy.] 1. To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform.

> Why delays
> His hand to execute what his decree
> Fixed on this day?

Milton.

2. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering; as, to execute a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc.

3. To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to perform the requirements or stipulations of; as, to execute a decree, judgment, writ, or process.

4. To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to a legal sentence; as, to execute a traitor.

5. To put to death illegally; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.) To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or with the voice; as, to execute a difficult part brilliantly.

Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish; complete. See Accomplish.

Ex"e*cute, v. i. 1. To do one's work; to act one's part or purpose. [R.] Hayward.

2. To perform musically.

Ex"e*cu`ter (?), n. One who performs or carries into effect. See Executor.

Ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. [F. exécution, L. executio, exsecutio.] 1. The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to completion; performance; achievement; consummation; as, the execution of a plan, a work, etc.

> The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the execution.

Dryden.

2. A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully inflicted; as, the execution of a murderer.

> A warrant for his execution.

Shak.

3. The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of performing on an instrument, of engraving, etc.; as, the execution of a statue, painting, or piece of music.

> The first quality of execution is truth.

Ruskin.

4. (Law) (a) The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court of law. (b) A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect; final process. (c) The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it valid; as, the execution of a deed, or a will.

5. That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective work; -- usually with do.

> To do some fatal execution.

Shak.

6. The act of sacking a town. [Obs.] Beau. & FL.

Ex`e*cu"tion*er (?), n. 1. One who executes; an executer. Bacon.

2. One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a hangman.

Ex*ec"u*tive (?), a. [Cf.F. exécutif.] Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; as, executive talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; as, executive power or authority; executive duties, officer, department, etc.

In government, executive is distinguished from legislative and judicial; legislative being applied to the organ or organs of government which make the laws; judicial, to that which interprets and applies the laws; executive, to that which carries them into effect or secures their due performance.

Ex*ec"u*tive, n. An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body.

Ex*ec"u*tive*ly, adv. In the way of executing or performing.

Ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. [L. executor, exsecutor: cf. F. exécuteur. Cf. Executer.] 1. One who executes or performs; a doer; as, an executor of baseness. Shak.

2. An executioner. [Obs.]

> Delivering o'er to executors paw&?;
> The lazy, yawning drone.

Shak.

3. (Law) The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see its provisions carried into effect, after his decease.

||Executor de son tort [Of., executor of his own wrong] (Law), a stranger who intermeddles without authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.

Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al (?), a. [LL. executorialis.] Of or pertaining to an executive.

Ex*ec"u*tor*ship (?), n. The office of an executor.

Ex*ec"u*to*ry (?), a. [LL. executorius, L. exsecutorius: cf.F. exécutoire.] 1. Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force; executive.

> The official and executory duties of government.

Burke.

2. (Law) Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency; as, an executory devise, reminder, or estate; an executory contract. Blackstone.

Ex*ec"u*tress (?), n. [Cf.F. exécutrice.] An executrix.

Ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. [LL.] (Law) A woman exercising the functions of an executor.

Ex"e*dent (?), a. [L. exedent, -entis, p. pr. of exedere. See Exesion.] Eating out; consuming. [R.]

||Ex"e*dra (ks"*dr), n.; pl. Exedræ (- dr). [L., fr. Gr 'exe`dra; 'ex out + "e`dra seat.] 1. (Class. Antiq.) A room in a public building, furnished with seats.

2. (Arch.) (a) The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form. (b) Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form.

Ex`e*ge"sis (?), n.; pl. Exegeses (#). [NL., fr.Gr. &?;,fr. &?; to explain, interpret; &?; out + &?; to guide, lead, akin, to &?; to lead. See Agent.] 1. Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.

2. (Math.) The process of finding the roots of an equation. [Obs.]

Ex"e*gete (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf.F. exégète. See Exegesis.] An exegetist.

{ Ex`e*get"ic (?), Ex`e*get"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. exégétique.] Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate; explanatory; expository. Walker. Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ex`e*get"ics (?), n. The science of interpretation or exegesis.

Ex`e*ge"tist (?), n. One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; -- also called exegete.

Ex*em"plar (?), n. [L. exemplar, exemplum: cf. F. exemplaire. See Example, and cf. Examper, Sampler.] 1. A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which an artist conceives.

> Such grand exemplar as make their own abilities the sole measure of what is fit or unfit.

South.

2. A copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Udall.

Ex*em"plar, a. Exemplary. [Obs.]

> The exemplar piety of the father of a family.

Jer. Taylor.

Ex"em*pla*ri*ly (?), adv. In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation or for warning; by way of example.

> She is exemplarily loyal.

Howell.

> Some he punisheth exemplarily.

Hakewill.

Ex"em*pla*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an example.

Ex`em*plar"i*ty (&?;), n. [Cf. LL. exemplaritas.] Exemplariness. [R.]

> The exemplarity of Christ's life.

Abp. Sharp.

Ex"em*pla*ry (?), a. [L. exemplaris, fr. exemplar: cf. F. exemplaire. See Exemplar.] 1. Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for imitation; commendable; as, an exemplary person; exemplary conduct.

> [Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be exemplary.

Bacon.

2. Serving as a warning; monitory; as, exemplary justice, punishment, or damages.

3. Illustrating as the proof of a thing. Fuller.

Exemplary damages. (Law) See under Damage.

Ex"em*pla*ry, n. An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing. [Obs.] Donne.

Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble (?), a. That can be exemplified.

Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.

2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.

3. (Law) A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original.

Ex*em"pli*fi`er (?), n. One who exemplifies by following a pattern.

Ex*em"pli*fy (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exemplified (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Exemplifying.] [L. exemplum example + - fy: cf. LL. exemplificare to copy, serve as an example.] 1. To show or illustrate by example.

> He did but . . . exemplify the principles in which he had been brought up.

Cowper.

2. To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or transcript of, under seal, as of a record. Holland.

3. To prove or show by an attested copy.

Ex*empt" (?), a. [F. exempt, L. exemptus, p. p. of eximere to take out, remove, free; ex out + emere to buy, take. Cf. Exon, Redeem.] 1. Cut off; set apart. [Obs.]

> Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry.

Shak.

2. Extraordinary; exceptional. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. Free, or released, from some liability to which others are subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some law; released; free; clear; privileged; -- (with from): not subject to; not liable to; as, goods exempt from execution; a person exempt from jury service.

> True nobility is exempt from fear.

Shak.

> T is laid on all, not any one exempt.

Dryden.

Ex*empt", n. 1. One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.

2. One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard, having the rank of corporal; an Exon. [Eng.]

Ex*empt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exempting.] [F. exempter. See Exempt, a.] 1. To remove; to set apart. [Obs.] Holland.

2. To release or deliver from some liability which others are subject to; to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to release; as, to exempt from military duty, or from jury service; to exempt from fear or pain.

> Death
> So snatched will not exempt us from the pain
> We are by doom to pay.

Milton.

Ex*empt"i*ble (?), a. That may be exempted.

Ex*emp"tion (?), n. [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F. exemption exemption.] The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject; immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from seizure; exemption from military service; exemption from anxiety, suffering, etc.

Ex`emp*ti"tious (?), a. Separable. [Obs.] "Exemptitious from matter." Dr. H. More.

Ex*en"ter*ate (?), v. t. [L. exenteratus, p. p. of exenterare; cf. Gr. &?;; &?; out + &?; intestine.] To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.]

> Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians.

Hare.

Ex*en`ter*a"tion (?), n. [LL. exenteratio.] Act of exenterating. [R.]

||Ex`e*qua"tur (?), n. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of exequi, exsequi, to perform, execute.] 1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned.

2. Official recognition or permission. Prescott.

Ex*e"qui*al (?), a. [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr. exsequiae exequies.] Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.

Ex*e"qui*ous (?), a. Funereal. [Obs.] Drayton.

Ex"e*quy (?), n.; pl. Exequies (#). [L. exequiae, exsequiae, a funeral procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF. exeques. See Exequte.] A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of burial; obsequies; funeral procession.

> But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen.

Shak.

Ex*er"cent (?), a. [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of exercere. See Exercise.] Practicing; professional. [Obs.] "Every exercent advocate." Ayliffe.

Ex"er*ci`sa*ble (?) a. That may be exercised, used, or exerted.

Ex"er*cise (?), n. [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from exercere, exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut up, inclose. See Ark.] 1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice.

> exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature.

Jefferson.

> O we will walk this world,
> Yoked in all exercise of noble end.

Tennyson.

2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc. "Desire of knightly exercise." Spenser.

> An exercise of the eyes and memory.

Locke.

3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise on horseback.

> The wise for cure on exercise depend.

Dryden.

4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty.

> Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public exercise of their religion.

Addison.

> To draw him from his holy exercise.

Shak.

5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ends; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition.

> The clumsy exercises of the European tourney.

Prescott.

> He seems to have taken a degree, and performed public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565.

Brydges.

6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test.

> Patience is more oft the exercise
> Of saints, the trial of their fortitude.

Milton.

Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.

<! p. 524 !>

Ex"er*cise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exercised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exercising (?).] 1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy.

> Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence.

Acts xxiv. 16.

2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops.

> About him exercised heroic games
> The unarmed youth.

Milton.

3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain.

> Where pain of unextinguishable fire
> Must exercise us without hope of end.

Milton.

4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office.

> I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth.

Jer. ix. 24.

> The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery.

Ezek. xxii. 29.

Ex"er*cise, v. i. To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement.

> I wear my trusty sword,
> When I do exercise.

Cowper.

Ex"er*ci`ser (?), n. One who exercises.

Ex"er*ci`si*ble (?), a. Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his jurisdiction.

Ex*er`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exercitatio, fr. exercitare, intense., fr. exercere to exercise: Cf. f. exercitation.] exercise; practice; use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*ergue" (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; out + &?; work; lit., out work, i. e., accessory work. See Work.] (Numis.) The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place, engraver's name, etc., or other subsidiary matter. Fairholt.

Ex*ert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exerted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exerting.] [L. exertus, exsertus, p. p. of exerere, exserere, to thrust out; ex out + serere to join or bind together. See Series, and cf. Exsert.] 1. To thrust forth; to emit; to push out. [Obs.]

> So from the seas exerts his radiant head
> The star by whom the lights of heaven are led.

Dryden.

2. To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation; as, to exert the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or imagination; to exert the mind or the voice.

3. To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to bear; to do or perform.

> When we will has exerted an act of command on any faculty of the soul or member of the body.

South.

To exert one's self, to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make an attempt.

Ex*er"tion (?), n. The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a laborious or perceptible effort; as, an exertion of strength or power; an exertion of the limbs or of the mind; it is an exertion for him to move, to-day.

Syn. -- Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See Attempt.

Ex*ert"ive (?), a. Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion.

Ex*ert"ment (?), n. Exertion. [R.]

Ex*e"sion (?), n. [L. exedere, exesum, to eat up; ex out + edere to eat.] The act of eating out or through. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*es"tu*ate (?), v. i. [L. exaestuatus,p. p. of exaestuare to boil up. See Estuate.] To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce. [Obs.]

Ex*es`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. exaestuatio.] A boiling up; effervescence. [Obs.] Boyle.

||Ex"e*unt (?). [L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of exire to go out.] They go out, or retire from the scene; as, exeunt all except Hamlet. See 1st Exit.

Ex`fe*ta"tion (?), n [Pref. ex- + fetation.] (Med.) Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus; extra-uterine fetation. Hoblyn.

Ex*fo"li*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exfoliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exfoliating (?).] [L. exfoliare to strip of leaves; ex out, from + folium leaf.] 1. To separate and come off in scales or laminæ, as pieces of carious bone or of bark.

2. (Min.) To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales at the result of heat or decomposition.

Ex*fo"li*ate v. t. To remove scales, laminæ, or splinters from the surface of.

Ex*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exfoliation.] The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated.

Ex*fo"li*a"tive (?), a. [Cf.F. exfoliatif.] Having the power of causing exfoliation. -- n. An exfoliative agent. Wiseman.

Ex*hal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being exhaled or evaporated. Boyle.

Ex*hal"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. exhalant.] Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating.

Ex`ha*la"tion (?), n. [L. exhalatio: cf. F. exhalaison, exhalation.] 1. The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation.

2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam; effluvium; emanation; as, exhalations from the earth or flowers, decaying matter, etc.

> Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise
> From hill or steaming lake.

Milton.

3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor.

> I shall fall
> Like a bright exhalation in the evening.

Shak.

Ex*hale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exaled (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Exaling.] [L. exhalare; ex out + halare to breathe; cf.F. exhaler. Cf. Inhale.] 1. To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as an odor; to evaporate; as, the earth exhales vapor; marshes exhale noxious effluvia.

> Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose exhales.

Pope.

2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; as, the sun exhales the moisture of the earth.

Ex*hale", v. i. To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish.

> Their inspiration exhaled in elegies.

Prescott.

Ex*hale"ment (?), n. Exhalation. [Obs.]

Ex*hal"ence (?), n. Exhalation. [R.]

Ex*haust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhausted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhausting.] [L. exhaustus, p. p. of exhaurire; ex out + haurire, haustum, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to Icel. asua to sprinkle, pump.] 1. To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; as, to exhaust the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation.

2. To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; as, to exhaust a well, or a treasury.

3. To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till the supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength; to use up; to weary or tire out; to wear out; as, to exhaust one's strength, patience, or resources.

> A decrepit, exhausted old man at fifty- five.

Motley.

4. To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly; as, to exhaust a subject.

5. (Chem.) To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives; as, to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether.

Exhausted receiver. (Physics) See under Receiver.

Syn. -- To spend; consume; tire out; weary.

Ex*haust", a. [L. exhaustus, p. p.] 1. Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy.

2. Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from the cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work.

Exhaust draught, a forced draught produced by drawing air through a place, as through a furnace, instead of blowing it through. -- Exhaust fan, a fan blower so arranged as to produce an exhaust draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as out of a room in ventilating it. -- Exhaust nozzle, Exhaust orifice (Steam Engine), the blast orifice or nozzle. -- Exhaust pipe (Steam Engine), the pipe that conveys exhaust steam from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the condenser. Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the opening, in the cylinder or valve, by which the exhaust steam escapes. -- Exhaust purifier (Milling), a machine for sorting grains, or purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. Knight. -- Exhaust steam (Steam Engine), steam which is allowed to escape from the cylinder after having been employed to produce motion of the piston. -- Exhaust valve (Steam Engine), a valve that lets exhaust steam escape out of a cylinder.

Ex*haust", n. (Steam Engine) 1. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.

2. The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose.

Ex*haust"er (?) n. One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out.

Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being exhausted.

> I was seriously tormented by the thought of the exhaustibility of musical combinations.

J. S. Mill.

Ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended. Johnson.

Ex*haust"ing, a. Producing exhaustion; as, exhausting labors. -- Ex*haust"ing, adv.

Ex*haus"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. exhaustion.] 1. The act of draining out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents.

2. The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being deprived of strength or spirits.

3. (Math.) An ancient geometrical method in which an exhaustive process was employed. It was nearly equivalent to the modern method of limits.

The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety of propositions, pertaining to rectifications and quadratures, now investigated by the calculus.

Ex*haust"ive (?), a. Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or arguments; as, an exhaustive method. Ex*haust"ive*ly, adv.

Ex*haust"less, a. Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or store.

Ex*haust"ment (?), n. Exhaustion; drain. [Obs.]

Ex*haus"ture (?), n. Exhaustion. Wraxall.

||Ex"he*dra (?), n. [NL.] See Exedra.

Ex*her"e*date (?), v. t. [L., exheredatus, p. p. of exheredare to disinherit; ex out + heres, heredis, heir.] To disinherit. [R.] Huloet.

Ex*her`e*da"tion (?), n. [L., exheredatio: cf. F. exhérédation.] A disinheriting; disherison. [R.]

Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. exhereditare, exhereditatum, disinherit.] A disinheriting; disherison. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

Ex*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhibited; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhibiting.] [L. exhibitus, p. p. of exhibere to hold forth, to tender, exhibit; ex out + habere to have or hold. See Habit.] 1. To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice to what is interesting; to display; as, to exhibit commodities in a warehouse, a picture in a gallery.

> Exhibiting a miserable example of the weakness of mind and body.

Pope.

2. (Law) To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in course of proceedings; also, to present or offer officially or in legal form; to bring, as a charge.

> He suffered his attorney-general to exhibit a charge of high treason against the earl.

Clarendon.

3. (Med.) To administer as a remedy; as, to exhibit calomel.

To exhibit a foundation or prize, to hold it forth or to tender it as a bounty to candidates. -- To exibit an essay, to declaim or otherwise present it in public. [Obs.]

Ex*hib"it, n. 1. Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view, as in an industrial exhibition; a display; as, this exhibit was marked A; the English exhibit.

2. (Law) A document produced and identified in court for future use as evidence.

Ex*hib"it*er (?), n. [Cf. Exhibitor.] One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or bill. Shak.

Ex`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. exhibitio a delivering: cf. F. exhibition.] 1. The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth to view; manifestation; display.

2. That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also, any public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of skill, or of oratorical or dramatic ability; as, an exhibition of animals; an exhibition of pictures, statues, etc.; an industrial exhibition.

3. Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and drink; pension. Specifically: (Eng. Univ.) Private benefaction for the maintenance of scholars.

> What maintenance he from his friends receives,
> Like exhibition thou shalt have from me.

Shak.

> I have given more exhibitions to scholars, in my days, than to the priests.

Tyndale.

4. (Med.) The act of administering a remedy.

Ex`hi*bi"tion*er (?), n. (Eng. Univ.) One who has a pension or allowance granted for support.

> A youth who had as an exhibitioner from Christ's Hospital.

G. Eliot.

Ex*hib"it*ive (?), a. Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory. Norris.

-- Ex*hib"it*ive*ly, adv.

Ex*hib"it*or (?), n. [Cf. L. exhibitor a giver.] One who exhibits.

Ex*hib"it*o*ry (?), a. [L. exhibitorius relating to giving up: cf. F. exhibitoire exhibiting.] Exhibiting; publicly showing. J. Warton.

Ex*hil"a*rant (?), a. [L. exhilarans. -antis, p. pr. See Exhilarate.] Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. -- n. That which exhilarates.

Ex*hil"a*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhilarated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exilarating.] [L. exhilaratus, p. p. of exhilarare to gladden; ex out + hilarare to make merry, hilaris merry, cheerful. See Hilarious.] To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden greatly; to cheer; as, good news exhilarates the mind; wine exhilarates a man.

Ex*hil"a*rate, v. i. To become joyous. [R.] Bacon.

Ex*hil"a*ra`ting (?), a. That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening. -- Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly, adv.

Ex*hil`a*ra"tion (?), n. [L., exhilaratio.] 1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening.

2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful.

> Exhilaration hath some affinity with joy, though it be a much lighter motion.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety; hilarity; merriment; jollity.

Ex*hort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exhorting.] [L. exhortari; ex out + hortari to incite, encourage; cf. F. exhorter. See Hortative.] To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments, as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address exhortation to; to urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or caution.

> Examples gross as earth exhort me.

Shak.

> Let me exhort you to take care of yourself.

J. D. Forbes.

Ex*hort", v. i. To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds.

> With many other words did he testify and exhort.

Acts ii. 40.

Ex*hort", n. Exhortation. [Obs.] Pope.

Ex`hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exhortatio: cf. F. exhortation.] 1. The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.

2. Language intended to incite and encourage; advice; counsel; admonition.

> I'll end my exhortation after dinner.

Shak.

<! p. 525 !>

Ex*hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. exhortativus: cf. F. exhortatif.] Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative. Barrow.

Ex*hor"ta*to*ry (?) a. [L. exhortatorius: cf. F. exhortatoire.] Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory. Holinshed.

Ex*hort"er (?), n. One who exhorts or incites.

Ex*hu"ma*ted (?), a. Disinterred. [Obs.]

Ex`hu*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exhumatio, F. exhumation.] The act of exhuming that which has been buried; as, the exhumation of a body.

Ex*hume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exhumed (?) p. pr. & vb. n.. Exhuming.] [LL. exhumare; L. ex out + humus ground, soil: cf. F. exhumer. See Humble.] To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter. Mantell.

Ex"ic*cate (?), v. t. See Exsiccate. [Obs.] Holland.

Ex`ic*ca"tion (?), n. See Exsiccation. [Obs.]

Ex"i*gence (?), n. [F.] Exigency. Hooker.

Ex"i*gen*cy (?), n.; pl. Exigencies (#). [LL. exigentia: cf. F. exigence.] The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action, supply, or remedy; as, an unforeseen exigency. "The present exigency of his affairs." Ludlow.

Syn. -- Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency; necessity; crisis.

Ex`i*gen"da*ry (?), n. See Exigenter.

Ex`i*gent, a. [L. exigens, - entis, p. pr. of exigere to drive out or forth, require, exact. See Exact.] Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing; critical. "At this exigent moment." Burke.

Ex"i*gent, n. 1. Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment. [Obs.]

> Why do you cross me in this exigent?

Shak.

2. (o. Eng. Law) The name of a writ in proceedings before outlawry. Abbott.

Ex"i*gent*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas whose duty it was to make out exigents. The office is now abolished. Cowell.

Ex"i*gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. exigible. See Exigent.] That may be exacted; repairable. [R.] A. Smith.

Ex`i*gu"i*ty (?), n. [L. exiguitas, fr. exiguus small: cf. F. exiguité.] Scantiness; smallness; thinness. [R.] Boyle.

Ex*ig"u*ous (?), a. [L. exiguus.] Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. [R.] "Exiguous resources." Carlyle. -- Ex*ig"uous*ness, n. [R.]

Ex"ile (?), n. [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr. exsuil one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil; ex out + solum ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of salire to leap, spring; cf. F. exil. Cf. Sole of the foot, Saltation.] 1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion from one's home by the civil authority; banishment; sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country.

> Let them be recalled from their exile.

Shak.

2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also, one who separates himself from his home.

> Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay.

Shak.

Syn. -- Banishment; proscription; expulsion.

Ex"ile (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exiling.] To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive away. "Exiled from eternal God." Tennyson.

> Calling home our exiled friends abroad.

Shak.

Syn. -- See Banish.

Ex*ile" (?), a. [L. exilis.] Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] "An exile sound." Bacon.

Ex"ile*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. exilement.] Banishment. [R.] Sir. H. Wotton.

Ex*il"ic (?), a. Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews in Babylon. Encyc. Dict.

Ex`i*li"tion (?), n. [L. exsilire to spring from; ex out + salire to spring, leap.] A sudden springing or leaping out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*il"ity (?), n. [L. exilitas: cf. F. exilité. See Exile, a.] Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness. [R.] Paley.

Ex*im"ious (?) a. [L. eximius taken out, i. e. select, fr. eximere to take out. See Exempt.] Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent. [Obs.]

> The eximious and arcane science of physic.

Fuller.

Ex*in"a*nite (?), v. t. [L. exinanitus, p. p. of exinanire; ex out (intens.) + inanire to make empty, inanis, empty.] To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Ex*in`a*ni"tion (?) n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion; humiliation. [Obs.]

> Fastings to the exinanition of spirits.

Jer. Taylor.

Ex*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Existed; p. pr. & vb. n. Existing.] [L. existere, exsistere, to step out or forth, emerge, appear, exist; ex out + sistere to cause to stand, to set, put, place, stand still, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. exister. See Stand.] 1. To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or real being, whether material or spiritual.

> Who now, alas! no more is missed
> Than if he never did exist.

Swift.

> To conceive the world . . . to have existed from eternity.

South.

2. To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; as, great evils existed in his reign.

3. To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; as, men can not exist in water, nor fishes on land.

Syn. -- See Be.

Ex*ist"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. existence.] 1. The state of existing or being; actual possession of being; continuance in being; as, the existence of body and of soul in union; the separate existence of the soul; immortal existence.

> The main object of our existence.

Lubbock.

2. Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of events of any kind; as, the existence of a calamity or of a state of war.

> The existence therefore, of a phenomenon, is but another word for its being perceived, or for the inferred possibility of perceiving it.

J. S. Mill.

3. That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; as, living existences.

Ex*ist"en*cy (?), n. Existence. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Ex*ist"ent (?), a. [L. existens, -entis, p. pr. of existere. See Exist.] Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now; taking place.

> The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being, as if they were truly existent.

Dryden.

Ex`is*ten"tial (?), a. Having existence. [Archaic] Bp. Barlow. -- Ex`is*ten"tial*ly, adv. [Archaic]

> Existentially as well as essentially intelligent.

Colerige.

Ex*ist"er (?), n. One who exists.

Ex*ist"i*ble (?), a. Capable of existence. Grew.

Ex*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. [L. existimatio judgment, opinion, fr. existimare to estimate. See Estimate.] Esteem; opinion; reputation. [Obs.] Steele.

||Ex"it (?). [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of exire to go out. See Exeunt, Issue.] He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; as, exit Macbeth.

The Latin words exit (he or she goes out), and exeunt ( they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors.

Ex"it, n. [See 1st Exit.] 1. The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part.

> They have their exits and their entrances.

Shak.

2. Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; as, to make one's exit.

> Sighs for his exit, vulgarly called death.

Cowper.

3. A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out.

> Forcing the water forth through its ordinary exits.

Woodward.

{ Ex*i"tial (?), Ex*i"tious (?), } a. [L. exitialis, exitious, fr. exitium a going out, a going to naught, i. e., ruin, fr. exire to go out: cf. F. exitial.] Destructive; fatal. [Obs.] "Exitial fevers." Harvey.

Ex"o- (?). [Gr. &?; out of, outside, fr. &?; out. See Ex-.] A prefix signifying out of, outside; as in exocarp, exogen, exoskeleton.

{ Ex`o*car"di*ac (?), Ex`o*car"di*al (?), } a. [Exo- + Gr. kardi`a heart.] (Anat.) Situated or arising outside of the heart; as, exocardial murmurs; -- opposed to endocardiac.

Ex"o*carp (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the rind of an orange. See Illust. of Drupe.

Ex`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. ex- + occipital.] (Anat.) Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great foremen of the skull. -- n. The exoccipital bone, which often forms a part of the occipital in the adult, but is usually distinct in the young.

||Ex`o*ce"tus (? or ?), ||Ex`ocœ"tus, n. [NL. exocetus, L. exocoetus a fish that sleeps on the shore, Gr. 'exw`koitos, lit., sleeping out; 'e`xw outside of + koi`th bed.] (Zoöl) A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See Flying fish.

Ex*oc"u*late (?), v. t. [L. exoculatus, p. p. of exoculare to exoculate; ex out + oculus an eye.] To deprive of eyes. [R.] W. C. Hazlitt.

Ex"ode (?) n. [L. exodium, Gr. &?; (sc. &?; song) fr. &?; belonging to an exit, or to the finale of a tragedy, fr. &?;: cf. F. exode. See Exodus.] 1. Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. [Obs.] L. Coleman. Bolingbroke.

2. (Gr. Drama) The final chorus; the catastrophe.

3. (Rom. Antiq.) An afterpiece of a comic description, either a farce or a travesty.

Ex*od"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; belonging to departure. See Exodus.] (Physiol.) Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said of the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to esodic.

||Ex*o"di*um (?), n. [L.] See Exode.

Ex"o*dus (?), n. [L., the book of Exodus, Gr. &?; a going or marching out; &?; out + &?; way, cf. Skr. -sad to approach.] 1. A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place.

2. The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.

Ex"o*dy (?), n. Exodus; withdrawal. [Obs.]

> The time of the Jewish exody.

Sir M. Hale.

Ex`-of*fi"cial (?), a. Proceeding from office or authority.

||Ex` of*fi"ci*o (?); pl. Ex officiis (#). [L.] From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office; officially.

Ex*og"a*mous (?), a. [Exo- + Gr. &?; marriage.] Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's own tribe; -- opposed to endogenous.

Ex*og"a*my (?), n. The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed to endogamy. Lubbock.

Ex"o*gen (?), n. [Exo- + - gen: cf. F. exogène.] (Bot.) A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. Endogen. Gray.

Ex`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Arising or growing from without; exogenous.

Ex*og"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous.

2. (Biol.) Growing by addition to the exterior.

3. (Anat.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous. Owen.

Exogenous aneurism (Med.), an aneurism which is produced by causes acting from without, as from injury.

||Ex`o*gy"ra (?) n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; out, outside + &?; circle.] (Paleon.) A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters.

Ex"o*lete (?), a. [L. exoletus, p. p. of exolescere to grow out, grow out of use; ex out + olescere to grow.] Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid. [Obs.]

Ex`o*lu"tion (?), n. [L. exolutio a release. See Exolve.] See Exsolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*olve" (?), v. t. [L. exolvere, exsolutum; ex out + solvere.] To loose; to pay. [Obs.]

Ex"on (?), n. [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name of a river.] A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England.

Ex"on, n. [F. expect an under officer.] An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt. [Eng.]

Ex*on"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exonerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exonerating (?).] [L. exoneratus, p. p. of exonerare to free from a burden; ex out, from onerare to load, onus load. See Onerous.] 1. To unload; to disburden; to discharge. [Obs.]

> All exonerate themselves into one common duct.

Ray.

2. To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation, or load of blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon oppresses one, as an accusation or imputation; as, to exonerate one's self from blame, or from the charge of avarice. Burke.

3. To discharge from duty or obligation, as a bail.

Syn. -- To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See Absolve.

Ex*on`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. exoneratio: cf. F. Exonération.] The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened or freed from a charge.

Ex*on"er*a*tive (?), a. Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.

Ex*on"er*a`tor (?), n. [L., an unloader.] One who exonerates or frees from obligation.

||Ex`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. [Nl.,fr. Gr. &?; with prominent eyes; &?; out + &?; the eye.] (Med.) The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not cover it, in consequence of disease.

Ex`oph*thal"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia.

Exophthalmic golter. Same as Rasedow's disease.

||Ex`oph*thal"mos (?), ||Ex`oph*thal"mus (&?;), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Exophthalmia.

Ex`oph*thal"my (?), n. (Med.) Exophthalmia.

Ex*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Exo- + Gr. &?; .] (Bot.) Not sheathed in another leaf.

Ex"o*plasm (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. &?; from, fr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) See Ectosarc, and Ectoplasm.

Ex*op"o*dite (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. &?; , foot.] (Zoöl) The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.

Ex*op"ta*ble (?), a. [L. exoptabilis.] Very desirable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex*op"tile (?), n. [F., fr.Gr. &?; without + &?; feather, plumage.] (Bot.) A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked.

Ex"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. exorabilis: cf. F. exorable. See Exorate.] Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender. Milton.

Ex"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. exoratus, p. p. of exorare to gain by entreaty; ex out, from + orare to pay.] To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exoratio.] Entreaty. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

{ Ex*or"bi*tance (?), Ex*or"bi*tan*cy (?), }, n. A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence, enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or propriety; as, the exorbitances of the tongue or of deportment; exorbitance of demands. "A curb to your exorbitancies." Dryden.

> The lamentable exorbitances of their superstitions.

Bp. Hall.

Ex*or"bi*tant (?), a. [L. exorbitans, -antis, p. pr. of exorbitare to go out of the track; ex out + orbita track: cf. F. exorbitant. See Orbit.] 1. Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; as, exorbitant appetites and passions; exorbitant charges, demands, or claims.

> Foul exorbitant desires.

Milton.

2. Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous.

> The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes exorbitant, and such as their laws had not provided for.

Hooker.

Ex*or"bi*tant*ly, adv. In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously.

Ex*or"bi*tate (?), v. i. [L. exorbitatus, p. p. of exorbitare. See Exorbitant.] To go out of the track; to deviate. [Obs.] Bentley.

<! p. 526 !>

Ex"or*cise (ks"r*sz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exorcised (- szd); p. pr. & vb. n. Exorcising (- s`zng).] [L. exorcizare, Gr. 'exorki`zein; 'ex out + "orki`zein to make one swear, bind by an oath, fr. "o`rkos oath: cf. F. exorciser.] 1. To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by conjuration or summoning by a holy name, or by certain ceremonies; to expel (a demon) or to conjure (a demon) to depart out of a person possessed by one.

> He impudently excorciseth devils in the church.

Prynne.

2. To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit or demon.

> Exorcise the beds and cross the walls.

Dryden.

> Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to exorcise crowds who are . . . processed as I am.

Spectator.

Ex"or*ci`ser (-s`zr), n. An exorcist.

Ex"or*cism (-sz'm), n. [L. exorcismus, Gr. 'exorkizmo`s; cf. F. exorcisme.] 1. The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits from persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of conjuration used.

2. Conjuration for raising spirits. [R.] Shak.

Ex"or*cist (-sst), n. [L. exorcista, Gr. 'exorkisth`s: cf. F. exorciste.] 1. One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism.

> Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists.

Acts xix. 13.

2. A conjurer who can raise spirits. [R.]

> Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up
> My mortified spirit.

Shak.

Ex*or"di*al (gz*ôr"d*al), a. Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory.

> The exordial paragraph of the second epistle.

I. Taylor.

Ex*or"di*um (-m), n.; pl. E. Exordiums (-mz), L. Exordia (-). [L. fr. exordiri to begin a web, lay a warp, begin; ex out + ordiri to begin a web, begin; akin to E. order. See Order.] A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory part of a discourse or written composition, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the opening part of an oration. "The exordium of repentance." Jer. Taylor. "Long prefaces and exordiums. " Addison.

||Ex`o*rhi"za (ks`*r"z), n.; pl. Exorhizæ (- z). [NL. fr. Gr. 'e`xw outside + 'ri`za root.] (Bot.) A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the cotyledons or plumule. Gray.

{ Ex`o*rhi"zal (?), Ex`o*rhi`zous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza.

Ex`or*na"tion (?), n. [L. exornatio, fr. exornare. See Ornate.] Ornament; decoration; embellishment. [Obs.]

> Hyperbolical exornations . . . many much affect.

Burton.

Ex*or`tive (?), a. [L. exortivus, fr. exortus a coming forth, rising; ex out + orivi to rise, come forth.] Rising; relating to the east. [R.]

Ex*os"cu*late (?), v. t. [L. exosculatus, p. p. of exosculari to kiss. See Osculate.] To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly. [Obs.]

Ex`o*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as exoskeletal muscles.

Ex`o*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Exo- + skeleton] (Anat.) The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal, including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton; dermoskeleton.

Ex"os*mose` (?), n. [Exo+osmose: cf. F. ezosmose.] (Physics) The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids through membranes or porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose; -- opposed to endosmose. See Osmose.

||Ex`os*mo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Exo- , and Osmose.] (Physics) See Exosmose.

Ex`os*mot`ic (?), a. Pertaining to exosmose.

Ex`o*spore (?), n. [Exo + spore.] (Biol.) The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore.

Ex*os"sate (?), v. t. [L. exossatus, p. p. of exossare to bone , fr. exos without bones; ex out + os, ossis, bone.] To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex`os*sa"tion (?), n. A depriving of bone or of fruit stones. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*os"se*ous (?), a. [Ex + osseous.] Boneless. "Exosseous animals. " Sir T. Browne.

Ex"o*stome (?), n. [Exo- + Gr. &?; mouth: cf. F. exostome.] (Bot.) The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule of a plant.

||Ex`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; out + &?; bone: cf. F. exostose.] 1. (Med.) Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an excrescence or morbid enlargement of a bone. Coxe.

2. (Bot.) A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by disease.

{ Ex`o*ter"ic (?), Ex`o*ter"ic*al (?) } a. [L. exotericus, Gr. &?; fr. &?; out: cf. F. exotérique. See Ex-] External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public; hence, capable of being readily or fully comprehended; -- opposed to esoteric, or secret.

> The foppery of an exoteric and esoteric doctrine.

De Quincey.

Ex`o*ter`ics (?), n. pl. (Philos.) The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See Esoterics.

Ex"o*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Exoteries (-&?;). That which is obvious, public, or common.

> Dealing out exoteries only to the vulgar.

A. Tucker.

||Ex`o*the"ca (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. 'e`xw outside + &?; a case, box.] (Zoöl.) The tissue which fills the interspaces between the costæ of many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small transverse or oblique septa.

||Ex`o*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL. See Exotheca.] (Bot.) The outer coat of the anther.

Ex*ot"ic (?), a. [L. exoticus, Gr. &?; fr. 'e`xw outside: cf. F. exotique. See Exoteric.] Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.

> Nothing was so splendid and exotic as the ambassador.

Evelyn.

Ex*ot"ic (?), n. Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth, as a plant, a word, a custom.

> Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gardeners call exotics.

Addison.

Ex*ot"ic*al (?), a. Foreign; not native; exotic. [R.] -- Ex*ot"ic*al*ness, n.

Ex*ot"i*cism (?), n. The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word or idiom; an exotic.

Ex*pand" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expanding.] [L. expandere, expansum; ex out + pandere to spread out, to throw open; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Spawn.] 1. To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves.

> Then with expanded wings he steers his flight.

Milton.

2. To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to contract; as, to expand the chest; heat expands all bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence.

3. (Math.) To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to expand an equation. See Expansion, 5.

Ex*pand", v. i. To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat; the heart expands with joy. Dryden.

Ex*pand"er (?), n. Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.

Ex*pand"ing, a. That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading; enlarging.

Expanding bit, Expanding drill (Mech.), a bit or drill made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can be expanded in diameter while boring. -- Expanding pulley (Mach.), a pulley so made, as in sections, that its diameter can be increased or diminished.

Ex*panse" (?), n. [From L. expansus, p. p. of expandere. See Expand.] That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or body; especially, the arch of the sky. "The green expanse." Savage.

> Lights . . . high in the expanse of heaven.

Milton.

> The smooth expanse of crystal lakes.

Pope.

Ex*panse", v. t. To expand. [Obs.]

> That lies expansed unto the eyes of all.

Sir. T. Browne.

Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The capacity of being expanded; as, the expansibility of air.

Ex*pan"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. expansible.] Capable of being expanded or spread out widely.

> Bodies are not expansible in proportion to their weight.

Grew.

-- Ex*pan"si*ble*ness ,n. - Ex*pan"si*bly ,adv.

Ex*pan"sile (?), a. Expansible.

> Ether and alcohol are more expansile than water.

Brande & C.

Ex*pan"sion (?), n. [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.] 1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement.

2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as, the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal.

> The starred expansion of the skies.

Beattie.

3. Space through which anything is expanded; also, pure space.

> Lost in expansion, void and infinite.

Blackmore.

4. (Com.) Enlargement or extension of business transactions; esp., increase of the circulation of bank notes.

5. (Math.) The developed result of an indicated operation; as, the expansion of (a + b)2 is a2 + 2ab + b2.

6. (Steam Engine) The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving piston.

7. (Nav. Arch.) The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion joint, expansion gear, etc.

Expansion curve, a curve the coördinates of which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of the steam as it expands in the cylinder. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust. of Link motion. -- Automatic expansion gear or cut-off, one that is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of steam to the engine with the demand for power. -- Fixed expansion gear, or Fixed cut-off, one that always operates at the same fixed point of the stroke. -- Expansion joint, or Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.), a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as: (a) A slide or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss, to support it but allow end play. (b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part of the pipe to slide within the other. (c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler while allowing lengthwise motion. -- Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.

Ex*pan"sive (ks*pn"sv), a. [Cf. F. expansif.] Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive; of much expanse; wide- extending; as, the expansive force of heat; the expansive quality of air.

> A more expansive and generous compassion.

Eustace.

> His forehead was broad and expansive.

Prescott.

-- Ex*pan"sive*ly, adv. - Ex*pan"sive*ness, n.

Ex*pan"sure (?shur; 135), n. Expanse. [Obs.] "Night's rich expansure."

||Ex` par"te (?). [L. See Ex-, and Part.] Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; as, an ex parte statement.

Ex parte application, one made without notice or opportunity to oppose. -- Ex parte council, one that assembles at the request of only one of the parties in dispute. -- Ex parte hearing or evidence (Law), that which is had or taken by one side or party in the absence of the other. Hearings before grand juries, and affidavits, are ex parte. Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.

Ex*pa"ti*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expatiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expariating (?).] [L. expatiatus, exspatiatus, p. p. of expatiari, exspatiari, to expatiate; ex out + spatiari to walk about spread out, fr. spatium space. See Space.] 1. To range at large, or without restraint.

> Bids his free soul expatiate in the skies.

Pope.

2. To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or discussion; to descant.

> He expatiated on the inconveniences of trade.

Addison.

Ex*pa"ti*ate, v. t. To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden.

> Afford art an ample field in which to expatiate itself.

Dryden.

Ex*pa`ti*a"tion (?), n. Act of expatiating.

Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. Expansive; diffusive. [R.]

Ex*pa"tri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expatriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expatriating (?).] [LL. expatriatus, p. p. of expatriare; L. ex out + patria fatherland, native land, fr. pater father. See Patriot.] 1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of.

> The expatriated landed interest of France.

Burke.

2. Reflexively, as To expatriate one's self: To withdraw from one's native country; to renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born, and become a citizen of another country.

Ex*pa`tri*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. expatriation.] The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially, the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of allegiance.

> Expatriation was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights of their minds and souls.

Palfrey.

Ex*pect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expected; p. pr. & vb. n. Expecting.] [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.] 1. To wait for; to await. [Obs.]

> Let's in, and there expect their coming.

Shak.

2. To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to something that is believed to be about to happen or come; to have a previous apprehension of, whether of good or evil; to look for with some confidence; to anticipate; -- often followed by an infinitive, sometimes by a clause (with, or without, that); as, I expect to receive wages; I expect that the troops will be defeated. "Good: I will expect you." Shak. "Expecting thy reply." Shak.

> The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was expected to arrive on the following day.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- To anticipate; look for; await; hope. -- To Expect, Think, Believe, Await. Expect is a mental act and has aways a reference to the future, to some coming event; as a person expects to die, or he expects to survive. Think and believe have reference to the past and present, as well as to the future; as I think the mail has arrived; I believe he came home yesterday, that he is he is at home now. There is a not uncommon use of expect, which is a confusion of the two; as, I expect the mail has arrived; I expect he is at home. This misuse should be avoided. Await is a physical or moral act. We await that which, when it comes, will affect us personally. We expect what may, or may not, interest us personally. See Anticipate.

Ex*pect", v. t. To wait; to stay. [Obs.] Sandys.

Ex*pect", n. Expectation. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*pect"a*ble (?), a. [L. expectabilis.] That may be expected or looked for. Sir T. Browne.

{ Ex*pect"ance (?), Ex*pect"an*cy (?), } n. 1. The act of expecting ; expectation. Milton.

2. That which is expected, or looked or waited for with interest; the object of expectation or hope.

> The expectancy and rose of the fair state.

Shak.

Estate in expectancy (Law), one the possession of which a person is entitled to have at some future time, either as a remainder or reversion, or on the death of some one. Burrill.

Ex*pect"ant (?), a. [L. expectans, exspectans, p. pr. of expectare, exspectare: cf. F. expectant.] Waiting in expectation; looking for; (Med.) waiting for the efforts of nature, with little active treatment.

Expectant estate (Law), an estate in expectancy. See under Expectancy.

Ex*pect"ant, n. One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope of receiving some good.

> An expectant of future glory.

South.

> Those who had employments, or were expectants.

Swift.

Ex`pec*ta"tion (?) n. [L. expectio. exspectio: cf. F. expectation.] 1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen. "In expectation of a guest." Tennyson.

> My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my expectation is from him.

Ps. lxii. 5.

2. That which is expected or looked for.

> Why our great expectation should be called
> The seed of woman.

Milton.

3. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent is expected to happen; prospect of anything good to come, esp. of property or rank.

> His magnificent expectations made him, in the opinion of the world, the best match in Europe.

Prescott.

> By all men's eyes a youth of expectation.

Otway.

4. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event. Expectations are computed for or against the occurrence of the event.

5. (Med.) The leaving of the disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure.

Expectation of life, the mean or average duration of the life individuals after any specified age.

Syn. -- Anticipation; confidence; trust.

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Ex*pect"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. expectatif.] Constituting an object of expectation; contingent.

Expectative grace, a mandate given by the pope or a prince appointing a successor to any benefice before it becomes vacant. Foxe.

Ex*pect"a*tive, n. [F. expectative, fr. expectatif expectant.] Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace. Milman.

Ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. In conformity with expectation. [R.] Walpole.

Ex*pect"er (?), n. One who expects.

Ex*pect"ing*ly, adv. In a state of expectation.

Ex*pect"ive (?), a. Expectative. [R.] Shipley.

Ex*pec"to*rant (?), a. [L. expectorans, p. pr. of expectorare to drive from the breast: cf. F. expectorant.] (Med.) Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges of mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat. -- n. An expectorant medicine.

Ex*pec"to*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expectorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expectorating (?).] [L. expecrorare to drive from the breast; ex out + pectus, pectiris, breast. See Pectoral.] To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth.

Ex*pec"to*rate, v. i. To discharge matter from the lungs or throat by hawking and spitting; to spit.

Ex*pec`to*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. expectoration.] 1. The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting.

2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.

Ex*pec"to*ra*tive (?), a. & n. Same as Expectorant. Harvey.

Ex*pede" (?) v. t. To expedite; to hasten. [Obs.]

Ex*pe"di*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. expédier. See Expedite.] To hasten; to expedite. [Obs.] "To expediate their business." Sir E. Sandys.

{ Ex*pe"di*ence (?), Ex*pe"di*en*cy (?), }, n. 1. The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to self-interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; -- sometimes contradistinguished from moral rectitude.

> Divine wisdom discovers no expediency in vice.

Cogan.

> To determine concerning the expedience of action.

Sharp.

> Much declamation may be heard in the present day against expediency, as if it were not the proper object of a deliberative assembly, and as if it were only pursued by the unprincipled.

Whately.

2. Expedition; haste; dispatch. [Obs.]

> Making hither with all due expedience.

Shak.

3. An expedition; enterprise; adventure. [Obs.]

> Forwarding this dear expedience.

Shak.

Ex*pe"di*ent (?) a. [L. expediens, -entis, p. pr. of expedire to be expedient, release, extricate: cf. F. expédient. See Expedite.] 1. Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote a proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances; conducive to self-interest; desirable; advisable; advantageous; -- sometimes contradistinguished from right.

> It is expedient for you that I go away.

John xvi. 7.

> Nothing but the right can ever be expedient, since that can never be true expediency which would sacrifice a greater good to a less.

Whately.

2. Quick; expeditious. [Obs.]

> His marches are expedient to this town.

Shak.

Ex*pe"di*ent, n. 1. That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to accomplish an end.

> What sure expedient than shall Juno find,
> To calm her fears and ease her boding mind?

Philips.

2. Means devised in an exigency; shift.

Syn. -- Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute.

Ex*pe`di*en"tial (?). Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an expediential policy. "Calculating, expediential understanding." Hare. -- Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly , adv. &?;.

Ex*pe"di*ent*ly (?) adv. 1. In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently.

2. With expedition; quickly. [Obs.]

Ex*ped"i*ment (?) n. An expedient. [Obs.]

> A like expediment to remove discontent.

Barrow.

Ex*ped"i*tate (?), v. t. [LL. expeditatus, p. p. of expeditare to expeditate; ex out + pes, pedis, foot.] (Eng. Forest Laws) To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; as, to expeditate a dog that he may not chase deer.

Ex"pe*dite (?), a. [L. expeditus, p. p. of expedire to free one caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring forward, make ready; ex out + pes, prdis, t. See Foot.] 1. Free of impediment; unimpeded.

> To make the way plain and expedite.

Hooker.

2. Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt.

> Nimble and expedite . . . in its operation.

Tollotson.

> Speech is a very short and expedite way of conveying their thoughts.

Locke.

Ex"pe*dite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expedited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expediting (?).] 1. To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate the process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; as, to expedite the growth of plants.

> To expedite your glorious march.

Milton.

2. To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially.

> Such charters be expedited of course.

Bacon.

Ex"pe*dite`ly (?), adv. In expedite manner; expeditiously.

Ex"pe*dite`ness, n. Quality of being expedite.

Ex`pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. expeditio: cf.F. expédition.] 1. The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness; haste; dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail with expedition.

> With winged expedition

> Swift as the lightning glance. &?;

2. A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some object of consequence; progress.

> Putting it straight in expedition. &?;

3. An important enterprise, implying a change of place; especially, a warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with martial intentions; an excursion by a body of persons for a valuable end; as, a military, naval, exploring, or scientific expedition; also, the body of persons making such excursion.

> The expedition miserably failed.

Prescott.

> Narrative of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains.

J. C. Fremont.

Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to an expedition; as, an expeditionary force.

Ex`pe*di"tion*ist, n. One who goes upon an expedition. [R].

Ex`pe*di"tious (?), a. Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an expeditious march or messenger. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ly, adv. -- Ex`pe*di"tious*ness, n.

Syn. -- Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See Prompt.

Ex*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. expéditif.] Performing with speed. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expelled (?), p. pr. & vb. n.. Expelling.] [L. expellere, expulsum; ex out + pellere to drive: cf.F. expeller. See Pulse a beat.] 1. To drive or force out from that within which anything is contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as, to expel air from a bellows.

> Did not ye . . . expel me out of my father's house?

Judg. xi. 7.

2. To drive away from one's country; to banish.

> Forewasted all their land, and them expelled.

Spenser..

> He shall expel them from before you . . . and ye shall possess their land.

Josh. xxiii. 5.

3. To cut off from further connection with an institution of learning, a society, and the like; as, to expel a student or member.

4. To keep out, off, or away; to exclude. "To expel the winter's flaw." Shak.

5. To discharge; to shoot. [Obs.]

> Then he another and another [shaft] did expel.

Spenser..

Syn. -- To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See Banish.

Ex*pel"la*ble (?), a. Capable of being expelled or driven out. "Expellable by heat." Kirwan.

Ex*pel"ler (?), n. One who, or that which, expels.

Ex*pend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expended; p. pr. & vb. n. Expending.] [L. expendere, expensum, to weigh out, pay out, lay out, lay out; ex out + pendere to weigh. See Poise, and cf. Spend.] To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use; to use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; to spend; as, they expend money for food or in charity; to expend time labor, and thought; to expend hay in feeding cattle, oil in a lamp, water in mechanical operations.

> If my death might make this island happy . . .
> I would expend it with all willingness.

Shak.

Ex*pend", v. i. 1. To be laid out, used, or consumed.

2. To pay out or disburse money.

> They go elsewhere to enjoy and to expend.

Macaulay.

Ex*pend"i*tor (?), n. [LL.] (O. Eng. Law) A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for the repair of sewers. Mozley & W.

Ex*pend"iture (?), n. 1. The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement.

> Our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest.

Burke.

2. That which is expended or paid out; expense.

> The receipts and expenditures of this extensive country.

A. Hamilton.

Ex*pense" (?), n. [L. expensa (sc. pecunia), or expensum, fr. expensus, p. p. of expendere. See Expend.] 1. A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure.

> Husband nature's riches from expense.

Shak.

2. That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost; outlay; charge; -- sometimes with the notion of loss or damage to those on whom the expense falls; as, the expenses of war; an expense of time.

> Courting popularity at his party's expense.

Brougham.

3. Loss. [Obs.] Shak.

> And moan the expense of many a vanished sight.

Spenser.

Expense magazine (Mil.), a small magazine containing ammunition for immediate use. H. L. Scott.

Ex*pense"full (?), a. Full of expense; costly; chargeable. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. -- Ex*pense"ful*ly, adv. [R.] -- Ex*pense"ful*ness, n. [R.]

Ex*pense"less, a. Without cost or expense.

Ex*pen"sive (?), a. 1. Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly; dear; liberal; as, expensive dress; an expensive house or family.

> War is expensive, and peace desirable.

Burke.

2. Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad sense: extravagant; lavish. [R.]

> An active, expensive, indefatigable goodness.

Sprat.

> The idle and expensive are dangerous.

Sir W. Temple.

Syn. -- Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant.

-- Ex*pen"sive*ly, adv. -- Ex*pen"sive*ness, n.

Ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. [F. expérience, L. experientia, tr. experiens, -entis, p. pr. of experiri, expertus, to try; ex out + the root of pertus experienced. See Peril, and cf. Expert.] 1. Trial, as a test or experiment. [Obs.]

> She caused him to make experience
> Upon wild beasts.

Spenser.

2. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering. "Guided by other's experiences." Shak.

> I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience.

P. Henry

> To most men experience is like the stern lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed.

Coleridge.

> When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon by experience how slenderly guarded against danger the majesty of rulers is where force is wanting.

Holland.

> Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no experience of it.

Sharp.

3. An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or general truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive knowledge; hence, implying skill, facility, or practical wisdom gained by personal knowledge, feeling or action; as, a king without experience of war.

> Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer in one word, from experience.

Locke.

> Experience may be acquired in two ways; either, first by noticing facts without any attempt to influence the frequency of their occurrence or to vary the circumstances under which they occur; this is observation; or, secondly, by putting in action causes or agents over which we have control, and purposely varying their combinations, and noticing what effects take place; this is experiment.

Sir J. Herschel.

Ex*pe"ri*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experienced (-enst); p. pr. & vb. n. Experiencing (-en-s?ng).] 1. To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to prove by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot or fortune of; to have befall one; to be affected by; to feel; as, to experience pain or pleasure; to experience poverty; to experience a change of views.

> The partial failure and disappointment which he had experienced in India.

Thirwall.

2. To exercise; to train by practice.

> The youthful sailors thus with early care
> Their arms experience, and for sea prepare.

Harte.

To experience religion (Theol.), to become a convert to the doctrines of Christianity; to yield to the power of religious truth.

Ex*pe"ri*enced (-enst), p. p. & a. Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or observation; as, an experienced physician, workman, soldier; an experienced eye.

> The ablest and most experienced statesmen.

Bancroft.

Ex*pe"ri*en*cer (-en-s?r), n. 1. One who experiences.

2. An experimenter. [Obs.] Sir. K. Gigby.

Ex*pe"ri*ent (-ent), a. Experienced. [Obs.]

> The prince now ripe and full experient.

Beau. & Fl.

Ex*pe`ri*en"tial (?), a. Derived from, or pertaining to, experience. Coleridge.

> It is called empirical or experiential . . . because it is divan to us by experience or observation, and not obtained as the result of inference or reasoning.

Sir. W. Hamiltion.

-- Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly, adv. DR. H. More.

Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; -- opposed to intuitionalism.

> Experientialism is in short, a philosophical or logical theory, not a psychological one.

G. C. Robertson.

Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ist, n. One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used adjectively.

Ex*per"i*ment (?), n. [L. experimentum, fr. experiri to try: cf. OF. esperiment, experiment. See Experience.] 1. A trial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or illustrate some suggested or known truth; practical test; proof.

> A political experiment can not be made in a laboratory, nor determined in a few hours.

J. Adams.

2. Experience. [Obs.]

> Adam, by sad experiment I know
> How little weight my words with thee can find.

Milton.

Ex*per"i*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Experimented; p. pr. & vb. n. Experinenting.] To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with on, upon, or in, referring to the subject of an experiment; with, referring to the instrument; and by, referring to the means; as, to experiment upon electricity; he experimented in plowing with ponies, or by steam power.

Ex*per"i*ment, v. t. To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial or experience. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Ex*per`i*men"tal (?), a. [Cf.F. expérimental.] 1. Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment or trial; as, experimental science; given to, or skilled in, experiment; as, an experimental philosopher.

2. Known by, or derived from, experience; as, experimental religion.

Ex*per`i*men"tal*ist, n. One who makes experiments; an experimenter. Whaterly.

Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize (?), v. i. To make experiments (upon); to experiment. J. S. Mill.

Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly (?), adv. By experiment; by experience or trial. J. S. Mill.

Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Relying on experiment or experience. "an experimentarian philosopher." Boyle. -- n. One who relies on experiment or experience. [Obs.]

Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. J. S. Mill.

<! p. 528 !>

Ex*per`i*men"ta*tive (?), a. Experimental; of the nature of experiment. [R.]

Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor (?), n. [LL.] An experimenter. [R.]

Ex*per"i*men`ter (?), n. One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. Faraday.

Ex*per"i*men`tist (?), n. An experimenter.

Ex`per*rec"tion (?), n. [L. expergisci, p. p. experrectus, to rouse up; ex out + pergere to wake up.] A waking up or arousing. [Obs.] Holland

Ex*pert" (?), a. [F. expert, L. expertus, p. p. of experiri to try. See Experience.] Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert surgeon; expert in chess or archery.

> A valiant and most expert gentleman.

Shak.

> What practice, howsoe'er expert
> In fitting aptest words to things . . .
> Hath power to give thee as thou wert?

Tennyson.

Syn. -- Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt.

Ex"pert (?), n. 1. An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of learning.

2. (Law) (a) A specialist in a particular profession or department of science requiring for its mastery peculiar culture and erudition.

Such specialists may be witnesses in matters as to which ordinary observers could not without such aid form just conclusions, and are liable for negligence in case they injure another from want of proper qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their specialty.

(b) A sworn appraiser.

Ex*pert" (?), v. t. To experience. [Obs.]

> Die would we daily, once it to expert.

Spencer.

Ex*pert"ly, adv. In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy.

Ex*pert"ness, n. Skill derived from practice; readiness; as, expertness in seamanship, or in reasoning.

Syn. -- Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See Facility.

Ex*pet"ible (?), a. [L., expetibilis, fr. expetere to wish for; ex out + petere to seek.] Worthy of being wished for; desirable. [Obs.] Puller.

Ex"pi*a*ble (?), a. [See Expiate.] Capable of being expiated or atoned for; as, an expiable offense; expiable guilt. Bp. Hall.

Ex"pi*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expiated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expiating(?).] [L. expiatus, p. p. of expiare to expiate; ex out + piare to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. pius pious. See Pious.] 1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; as, to expiate a crime, a guilt, or sin.

> To expiate his treason, hath naught left.

Milton.

> The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury.

Clarendon.

2. To purify with sacred rites. [Obs.]

> Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire.

Deut. xviii. 10 (Douay version)

Ex"pi*ate (?), a. [L. expiatus,p. p] Terminated. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex`pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. expiatio: cf.F. expiation] 1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty.

> His liberality seemed to have something in it of self- abasement and expiation.

W. Irving.

2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement.

> Those shadowy expiations weak,
> The blood of bulls and goats.

Milton.

3. An act by which the threats of prodigies were averted among the ancient heathen. [Obs.] Hayward.

Ex"pi*a*tist (?), n. An expiator. [R.]

Ex"pi*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes expiation or atonement.

Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous (?), a. Of an expiatory nature; expiatory. Jer. Taylor.

Ex"pi*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. expiatorius: cf. F. expiatoire.] Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; as, an expiatory sacrifice.

Ex`pi*la"tion (?), n. [L. expiatio.] The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage. [Obs.]

> This ravenous expilation of the state.

Daniel.

Ex"pi*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*pir"a*ble (?), a. That may expire; capable of being brought to an end.

Ex*pir"ant (?), n. One who expires or is expiring.

Ex`pi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. expiratio,exspiratio: cf. F. expiration. See Expire.] 1. The act of expiring; as: (a)(Physiol.) The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth; as, respiration consists of inspiration and expiration; -- opposed to inspiration. (b) Emission of volatile matter; exhalation.

> The true cause of cold is an expiration from the globe of the earth.

Bacon.

(c) The last emission of breath; death. "The groan of expiration." Rambler.

(d) A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end.

> Before the expiration of thy time.

Shak.

2. That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which is produced by breathing out, as a sound.

> The aspirate "he," which is . . . a gentle expiration.

G. Sharp.

Ex*pir"a*to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles.

Ex*pire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expired (?); p. pr & vb. n. Expiring.] [L. expirare, exspirare, expiratum, exspiratum; ex out + spirare to breathe: cf. F. expirer. See Spirit.] 1. To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from the mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; - - opposed to inspire.

> Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of inspiring and expiring air.

Harvey.

> This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames expire.

Dryden.

2. To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor; to emit in minute particles; to exhale; as, the earth expires a damp vapor; plants expire odors.

> The expiring of cold out of the inward parts of the earth in winter.

Bacon.

3. To emit; to give out. [Obs.] Dryden.

4. To bring to a close; to terminate. [Obs.]

> Expire the term
> Of a despised life.

Shak.

Ex*pire", v. i. 1. To emit the breath.

2. To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; as, to expire calmly; to expire in agony.

3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to become extinct; as, the flame expired; his lease expires to-day; the month expired on Saturday.

4. To burst forth; to fly out with a blast. [Obs.] "The ponderous ball expires." Dryden.

Ex*pir"ing (?), a. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.

2. Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; as, expiring words; expiring groans.

Ex"pi*ry (?), n. Expiration.

> He had to leave at the expiry of the term.

Lamb.

> The Parliament . . . now approaching the expiry of its legal term.

J. Morley.

Ex*pis"cate (?), v. t. [L. expiscatus, p. p. of expiscari to fish out; ex out+piscari to fish, piscis fish.] To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation; to search out. "To expiscate principles." [R.] Nichol.

> Dr. Burton has with much ingenuity endeavored to expiscate the truth which may be involved in them.

W. L. Alexander.

Ex`pis*ca"tion (?), n. The act of expiscating; a fishing. [R.] Chapman.

Ex*pis"ca*to*ry (?), a. Tending to fish out; searching out [R.] Carlyle.

Ex*plain" (ks*pln"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explained(- plnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Explaining.] [L. explandare to flatten, spread out, explain; ex out + plandare to make level or plain, planus plain: cf. OF. esplaner, explaner. See Plain,a., and cf. Esplanade.] 1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.]

> The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its leaf.

Evelyn.

2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; as, to explain a chapter of the Bible.

> Commentators to explain the difficult passages to you.

Gay.

To explain away, to get rid of by explanation. "Those explain the meaning quite away." Pope.

Syn. -- To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up.

Ex*plain", v. i. To give an explanation.

Ex*plain"a*ble (?), a. [L. explainabilis.] Capable of being explained or made plain to the understanding; capable of being interpreted. Sir. T. Browne.

Ex*plain"er (?), n. One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator; an interpreter.

Ex"pla*nate, a. [L. explanatus, p. p. of explanare. See Explain.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form.

Ex`pla*na"tion (?), n. [L. explanatio: cf. OF. esplanation.] 1. The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; as, the explanation of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty.

2. That which explains or makes clear; as, a satisfactory explanation.

3. The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it; definition; interpretation; sense.

> Different explanations [of the Trinity].

Bp. Burnet.

4. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile differences; reconciliation; agreement; as, to come to an explanation.

Syn. -- Definition; description; explication; exposition; interpretation; detail. See Definition.

Ex*plan"a*tive (?), a. Explanatory.

Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being explanatory.

Ex*plan"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. explanatorius.] Serving to explain; containing explanation; as explanatory notes. Swift.

{ Ex*plat" (?), Ex*plate" (?), } v. t. [Pref. ex- + plat or plait.] To explain; to unfold. [Obs.]

> Like Solon's self explatest the knotty laws.

B. Jonson.

Ex*ple"tion (?), n. [L. expletio a satisfying. See Expletive.] Accomplishment; fulfillment. [Obs.] Killingbeck.

Ex"ple*tive (?), a. [L. expletivus, from expletus, p. p. of explere to fill up; ex out+plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. explétif. See Full.] Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling up; superfluous. "Expletive imagery." Hallam.

> Expletive phrases to plump his speech.

Barrow.

Ex"ple*tive, n. A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath.

> While explectives their feeble aid to join,
> And ten low words oft creep in one dull line.

Pope.

Ex"ple*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an expletive.

Ex"ple*to*ry (?), a. Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; as, an expletory word. Bp. Burnet.

Ex"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. explicabilis: cf. F. explicable.] Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or accounted for; admitting explanation.

> It is not explicable upon any grounds.

Burke.

Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. Quality of being explicable.

Ex"pli*cate (?), a. [L. explicatus, p. p. of explicare.] Evolved; unfolded. Jer. Taylor.

Ex"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explicated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Explicating(?).] 1. To unfold; to expand; to lay open. [Obs.] "They explicate the leaves." Blackmore.

2. To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to interpret.

> The last verse of his last satire is not yet sufficiently explicated.

Dryden.

Ex`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. explicatio: cf. F. explication.] 1. The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation; exposition; interpretation.

> The explication of our Savior's parables.

Atterbury.

2. The sense given by an expositor. Bp. Burnet.

Ex"pli*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. explicatif.] Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding; explanatory. Sir W. Hamilton.

Ex"pli*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer.

Ex"pli*ca`to*ry (?), a. Explicative. Barrow.

||Ex"pli*cit (?). [LL., an abbreviation of explicitus (est liber) the book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is unfolded (and, of course, "finished"). See Explicit, a.] A word formerly used (as finis is now) at the conclusion of a book to indicate the end.

Ex*plic"it (?), a. [L. explicitus; p. p. of explicare to unfold: cf. F. explicite. See Explicate, Exploit.] 1. Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated; plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; as, an explicit declaration.

> The language of the charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt.

Bancroft.

2. Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken; -- applied to persons; as, he was earnest and explicit in his statement.

Explicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

Syn. -- Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous. -- Explicit, Express. Explicit denotes a setting forth in the plainest language, so that the meaning can not be misunderstood; as, an explicit promise. Express is stronger than explicit: it adds force to clearness. An express promise or engagement is not only unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with the most binding hold on the conscience. An explicit statement; a clear and explicit notion; explicit direction; no words can be more explicit. An explicit command; an express prohibition. "An express declaration goes forcibly and directly to the point. An explicit declaration leaves nothing ambiguous." C. J. Smith.

Ex*plic"it*ly (?), adv. In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; as, he explicitly avows his intention.

Ex*plic"it*ness, n. The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness. Jer. Taylor.

Ex*plode" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exploded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exploding.] [L. explodere, explosum, to drive out, drive out a player by clapping; ex out+plaudere, plodere, to clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF. exploder. See Plausible.] 1. To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or vapor; to burst violently into flame; as, gunpowder explodes.

2. To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a shell filled with powder or the like material, or as a boiler from too great pressure of steam.

3. To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; as, at this, his wrath exploded.

Ex*plode", v. t. 1. To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of disapprobation; to hoot off; to drive away or reject noisily; as, to explode a play. [Obs.]

> Him old and young
> Exploded, and seized with violent hands.

Milton.

2. To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice and acceptance; as, to explode a scheme, fashion, or doctrine.

> Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud.

Burke.

> To explode and exterminate dark atheism.

Bently.

3. To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; as, to explode powder by touching it with fire.

4. To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder.

> But late the kindled powder did explode
> The massy ball and the brass tube unload.

Blackmore.

Ex*plod"ent (?), n. 1. An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder; also, an explosive.

2. See Explosive, n., 2.

Ex*plod"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which explodes.

2. One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt. South.

Ex*ploit" (?), n. [OE. esploit success, OF. esploit, espleit,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. exploit exploit, fr. L. explicitum, prop. p. p. neut. of explicare to unfold, display, exhibit; ex + plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Explicit, Explicate.] 1. A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; an adventurous or noble achievement; as, the exploits of Alexander the Great.

> Ripe for exploits and mighty enterprises.

Shak.

2. Combat; war. [Obs.]

> He made haste to exploit some warlike service.

Holland.

2. [F. exploiter.] To utilize; to make available; to get the value or usefulness out of; as, to exploit a mine or agricultural lands; to exploit public opinion. [Recent]

<! p. 529 !>

3. Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate on; to put upon. [Recent]

> In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a fortune by legitimate industry exploit his employés or make his capital "out of" anybody else.

W. G. Sumner.

Ex`ploi*ta"tion (?), n. [F.] The act of exploiting or utilizing. J. D. Whitney.

Ex*ploi"ture (?; 135), n. 1. The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement. [Obs.] Udall.

2. Exploitation. Harper's Mag.

Ex*plor"a*ble (?), a. That may be explored; as, an explorable region.

Ex*plo"rate (?), v. t. [L. explorare, exploratum.] To explore. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne.

Ex`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. exploratio: cf. F. exploration.] The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of discovery, especially of geographical discovery; examination; as, the exploration of unknown countries; (Med.) physical examination.

> "An exploration of doctrine."

Bp. Hall.

Ex*plor"a*tive (?), a. Exploratory.

Ex"plo*ra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher.

Ex*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. exploratorius.] Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining; explorative. Sir H. Wotton.

Ex*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explored(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exploring.] [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.] 1. To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [Obs.]

> Explores the lost, the wandering sheep directs.

Pope.

2. To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for discovery; to examine thoroughly; as, to explore new countries or seas; to explore the depths of science. "Hidden frauds [to] explore." Dryden.

Ex*plore"ment, n. The act of exploring; exploration. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*plor"er (?), n. One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores, as a diving bell.

Ex*plor"ing, a. Employed in, or designed for, exploration. "Exploring parties." Bancroft.

Ex*plo"sion (?), n. [L. explosio a driving off by clapping: cf. F. explosion explosion. See Explode.] 1. The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; as, the explosion of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc.

2. A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; as, the explosion of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc.

3. A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; as, an explosion of wrath.

> A formidable explosion of high-church fanaticism.

Macaulay.

Ex*plo"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. explosif.] Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing explosion; as, the explosive force of gunpowder.

Ex*plo"sive, n. 1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine.

2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath; (Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice. [See Guide to Pronunciation, √ 155-7, 184.]

Ex*plo"sive*ly, adv. In an explosive manner.

Ex*po`li*a"tion (?), n. See Exspoliation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Ex*pol"ish (?), v. t. [Cf. L. expolire. See Polish.] To polish thoroughly. [Obs.] Heywood.

Ex*pone" (?), v. t. [OE. exponen. See Expound.] To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil. [Old Eng. & Scotch] Drummond.

Ex*po"nent (?), n. [L. exponens, -entis, p. pr. of exponere to put out, set forth, expose. See Expound.] 1. (Alg.) A number, letter, or any quantity written on the right hand of and above another quantity, and denoting how many times the latter is repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated; thus a2 denotes the second power, and ax the xth power, of a (2 and x being the exponents). A fractional exponent, or index, is used to denote the root of a quantity. Thus, a denotes the third or cube root of a.

2. One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative; as, the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles.

Exponent of a ratio, the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent; thus, 6 is the exponent of the ratio of 30 to 5. [R.]

Ex`po*nen"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. exponentiel.] Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as, an exponential expression; exponential calculus; an exponential function.

Exponential curve, a curve whose nature is defined by means of an exponential equation. -- Exponential equation, an equation which contains an exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity enters as an exponent. -- Exponential quantity (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is unknown or variable, as ax. -- Exponential series, a series derived from the development of exponential equations or quantities.

Ex*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exported; p. pr. & vb. n. Exporting.] [L. exportare, exportatum; ex out+portare to carry : cf. F. exporter. See Port demeanor.] 1. To carry away; to remove. [Obs.]

> [They] export honor from a man, and make him a return in envy.

Bacon.

2. To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc.

Ex"port (?), n. 1. The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the export of wheat or tobacco.

2. That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the plural, exports.

> The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two places must likewise be an indication of the ordinary course of their exports and imports.

A. Smith.

Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being suitable for exportation.

> To increase the exportability of native goods.

J. P. Peters.

Ex*port"a*ble (?), a. Suitable for exportation; as, exportable products.

Ex`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exportatio: cf. F. exporation.] 1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.

2. Commodity exported; an export.

3. The act of carrying out. [R.] Bourne.

Ex*port"er (?), n. One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to a foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to importer.

Ex*pos"al (?), n. Exposure. Swift.

Ex*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exposed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exposing.] [F. exposer; pref. ex- (L. ex out)+poser to place. See Pose, v. t.] 1. To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to show; to display; as, to expose goods for sale; to expose pictures to public inspection.

> Those who seek truth only, freely expose their principles to the test, and are pleased to have them examined.

Locke.

2. To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may affect, especially detrimentally; to make liable; as, to expose one's self to the heat of the sun, or to cold, insult, danger, or ridicule; to expose an army to destruction or defeat.

> Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel.

Shak.

3. To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to public inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing that shuns publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the like; as, to expose the faults of a neighbor.

> You only expose the follies of men, without arraigning their vices.

Dryden.

4. To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to lay open to general condemnation or contempt by making public the character or arts of; as, to expose a cheat, liar, or hypocrite.

||Ex`po`sé" (?), n. [F., prop. p. p. of exposer. See Expose, v. t.] A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or revelation, of something which some one wished to keep concealed.

Ex*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; as, an exposedness to sin or temptation.

Ex*pos"er (?), n. One who exposes or discloses.

Ex`po*si"tion (?), n. [L. expositio, fr. exponere, expositum: cf. F. exposition. See Expound.] 1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or displaying to public view.

2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation; interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing explanations or interpretations; a commentary.

> You know the law; your exposition
> Hath been most sound.

Shak.

3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.; exposure; as, an easterly exposition; an exposition to the sun. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A Gallicism]

Ex*pos"i*tive (?), a. Serving to explain; expository. Bp. Pearson.

Ex*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L. See Expound.] One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a commentator. Bp. Horsley.

Ex*pos"i*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain; explanatory; illustrative; exegetical.

> A glossary or expository index to the poetical writers.

Johnson.

{ ||Ex" post` fac"to, or ||Ex" post`fac"to (ks" pst" fk"t) }. [L., from what is done afterwards.] (Law) From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective.

Ex post facto law, a law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. Ex post facto laws are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by the Constitution of the United States. Burrill. Kent.

Ex*pos"tu*late (?; 135), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Expostulated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expostulating.] [L. expostulatus, p. p. of expostulare to demand vehemently; ex out + postulare to ask, require. See Postulate.] To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; -- followed by with.

> Men expostulate with erring friends; they bring accusations against enemies who have done them a wrong.

Jowett (Thuc. ).

Syn. -- To remonstrate; reason. See Remonstrate.

Ex*pos"tu*late, v. t. To discuss; to examine. [Obs.]

> To expostulate
> What majesty should be, what duty is.

Shak.

Ex*pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. expostulatio.] The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance; earnest and kindly protest; dissuasion.

> We must use expostulation kindly.

Shak.

Ex*pos"tu*la`tor (?;135), n. One who expostulates. Lamb.

Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. Containing expostulation or remonstrance; as, an expostulatory discourse or letter.

Ex*pos"ture (?;135), n. [Cf. Imposture.] Exposure. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*po"sure (?;135), n. [From Expose.] 1. The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying bare of protection, depriving of care or concealment, or setting out to reprobation or contempt.

> The exposure of Fuller . . . put an end to the practices of that vile tribe.

Macaulay.

2. The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness to danger; accessibility to anything that may affect, especially detrimentally; as, exposure to observation, to cold, to inconvenience.

> When we have our naked frailties hid,
> That suffer in exposure.

Shak.

3. Position as to points of compass, or to influences of climate, etc. "Under a southern exposure." Evelyn.

> The best exposure of the two for woodcocks.

Sir. W. Scott.

4. (Photog.) The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action of light.

Ex*pound" (ks*pound"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Expounding.] [OE. exponen, expounen, expounden, fr. L. exponere to set out, expose, expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE. expondre, expondre. See Position.] 1. To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.]

> He expounded both his pockets.

Hudibras.

2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle.

> Expound this matter more fully to me.

Bunyan.

Ex*pound"er (-r), n. One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.

Ex*press" (ks*prs"), a. [F. exprès, L. expressus, p. p. of exprimere to express; ex. out + premere To press. See Press.] 1. Exactly representing; exact.

> Their human countenance
> The express resemblance of the gods.

Milton.

2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not dubious; as, express consent; an express statement.

> I have express commandment.

Shak.

3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; as, an express messenger or train. Also used adverbially.

> A messenger sent express from the other world.

Atterbury.

Express color. (Law) See the Note under Color, n., 8.

Syn. -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See Explicit.

Ex*press", n. [Cf. F. exprès a messenger.] 1. A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain declaration. [Obs.]

> The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on earth.

Jer. Taylor.

2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality.

3. An express office.

> She charged him . . . to ask at the express if anything came up from town.

E. E. Hale.

4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

Express office, an office where packages for an express are received or delivered.

Ex*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expressed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Expressing.] [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L. exprimere, expressum. See Express, a.; cf. Sprain.] 1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of grapes, or of apples; hence, to extort; to elicit.

> All the fruits out of which drink is expressed.

Bacon.

> And th'idle breath all utterly expressed.

Spenser.

> Halters and racks can not express from thee
> More than by deeds.

B. Jonson.

2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or likeness; to represent; to resemble.

> Each skillful artist shall express thy form.

E. Smith.

> So kids and whelps their sires and dams express.

Dryden.

3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to utter; to tell.

> My words express my purpose.

Shak.

> They expressed in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality.

Addison.

4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used reflexively.

> Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation against me, one evening.

Pope.

5. To denote; to designate.

> Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed by their names.

Num. i. 17.

6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity, or through the medium of an express; as, to express a package.

Syn. -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.

Ex*press"age (ks*prs"j; 48), n. The charge for carrying a parcel by express.

Ex*press"i*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented, or uttered. -- Express"i*bly,adv.

<! p. 530 !>

Ex*pres"sion (ks*prsh"n), n. [L. expressio: cf. F. expression.] 1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; as, the expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting or eliciting; as, a forcible expression of truth.

2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; as, an expression of the public will.

> With this tone of philosophy were mingled expressions of sympathy.

Prescott.

3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; as, he reads with expression; her performance on the piano has expression.

> The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful power of expression, have directed their imitation to this.

M. Arnold.

4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling. "The expression of an eye." Tennyson.

> It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian.

Prescott.

5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an odd expression.

6. (Math.) The representation of any quantity by its appropriate characters or signs.

Past expression, Beyond expression, beyond the power of description. "Beyond expression bright." Milton.

Ex*pres"sion*al (-al), a. Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly representing or suggesting an idea or sentiment. Fitzed. Hall. Ruskin.

Ex*pres"sion*less, a. Destitute of expression.

Ex*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. expressif.] 1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative; communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of his gratitude.

> Each verse so swells expressive of her woes.

Tickell.

2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as, expressive looks or words.

> You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be more expressive to them.

Shak.

> Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly spoke.

Littelton.

-- Ex*press"ive*ly,adv. -- Ex*press"ive*ness,n.

Ex*press"ly, adv. In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose; particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young.

> The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel.

Ezek. i. 3.

> I am sent expressly to your lordship.

Shak.

Ex*press"man (-man), n.; pl. Expressmen (-men). A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of a job wagon. W. D. Howells.

Ex*press"ness, n. The state or quality of being express; definiteness. [Obs.] Hammond.

Ex*pres"sure (?;135), n. The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation. [Obs.]

> An operation more divine
> Than breath or pen can give expressure to.

Shak.

Ex"pro*brate (?), v. t. [L. exprobratus, p. p. of exprobrare; ex out + probrum a shameful or disgraceful act.] To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex`pro*bra"tion (?), n. [L. exprobration: cf. F. exprobration.] Reproachful accusation; upbraiding. [Obs.]

> A fearful exprobration of our unworthiness.

Jer. Taylor.

{ Ex*pro"bra*tive (?), Ex*pro"bra*to*ry (?), } a. Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful. [R.] Sir A. Shirley.

Ex*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [L. ex out, from + proprius one's own: cf. F. exproprier.] To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership of; also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights. Boyle.

> Expropriate these [bad landlords] as the monks were expropriated by Act of Parliament.

M. Arnold.

Ex*pro`pri*a"tion, n. [Cf. F. expropriation.] The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to exclusive property; the act of depriving of ownership or proprietary rights. W. Montagu.

> The expropriation of bad landlords.

M. Arnold.

Ex*pugn" (ks*pn"), v. t. [L. expugnare; ex out + pugnare to fight, pugna fight. Cf. Impugn.] To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; as, to expugn cities; to expugn a person by arguments.

Ex*pug"nable (ks*pg"n*b'l), a. [L. expugnabilis.] Capable of being expugned.

Ex`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. expugnatio.] The act of taking by assault; conquest. [R.] Sandys.

Ex*pugn"er (?), n. One who expugns.

Ex*pulse" (?), v. t. [F. expulser or L. expulsare, intens. fr. expellere. See Expel.] To drive out; to expel. [Obs.]

> If charity be thus excluded and expulsed.

Milton.

Ex*puls"er (?), n. An expeller. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Ex*pul"sion (?), n. [L. expulsio, fr. expellere: cf. F. expulsion. See Expel.] 1. The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary removal from membership, association, etc.

> The expulsion of the Tarquins.

Shak.

2. The state of being expelled or driven out.

Ex*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. expulsif.] Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel.

> The expulsive power of a new affection.

Chalmers.

Ex*punc"tion (?), n. [L. expunctio execution, performance, from expungere. See Expunge.] The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being expunged. Milton.

Ex*punge" (ks*pnj"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expunged (- pnjd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Expunging (- pn"jng).] [L. expungere, expunctum, prick out, expunge, settle an account, execute; ex out + pungere to prick, puncture. See Pungent.] 1. To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface designedly; to obliterate; to strike out wholly; as, to expunge words, lines, or sentences.

2. To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; as, to expunge an offense. Sandys.

> Expunge the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts.

Pope.

Syn. -- To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy; annihilate; cancel.

Ex"pur*gate (ks"pr*gt or ks*pûr"gt; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expurgated (- g"td); p. pr. & vb. n. Expurgating (-g"tng).] [L. expurgatus, p. p. of expurgare to purge, purify; ex out, from + purgare to cleanse, purify, purge. See Purge, and cf. Spurge.] To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; as, to expurgate a book.

Ex`pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. expurgatio justification, excuse: cf. F. expurgation.] The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous. Milton.

Ex"pur*ga`tor (?; 277), n. One who expurgates or purifies.

Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), a. Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory. Milman.

Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous (?), a. Expurgatory. [Obs.] "Expurgatorious indexes." Milton.

Ex*pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. expurgatoire.] Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous; cleansing; purifying. "Expurgatory animadversions." Sir T. Browne.

Expurgatory Index. See Index Expurgatorius, under Index.

Ex*purge" (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. espurgier. See Expurgate.] To purge away. [Obs.] Milton.

Ex*quire" (?), v. t. [L. exquirere. See Exquisite.] To search into or out. [Obs.] Chapman.

Ex"qui*site (?), a. [L. exquisitus, p. p. of exquirere to search out; ex out + quarere to seek, search. See Quest.] 1. Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing and surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully excellent; giving rare satisfaction; as, exquisite workmanship.

> Plate of rare device, and jewels
> Of reach and exquisite form.

Shak.

> I have no exquisite reason for 't, but I have reason good enough.

Shak.

2. Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good sense; as, exquisite pain or pleasure.

3. Of delicate perception or close and accurate discrimination; not easy to satisfy; exact; nice; fastidious; as, exquisite judgment, taste, or discernment.

> His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was exquisite.

Fuller.

Syn. -- Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless; consummate; perfect.

Ex"qui*site, n. One who manifests an exquisite attention to external appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop; a dandy.

Ex"qui*site*ly, adv. In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought.

> To a sensitive observer there was something exquisitely painful in it.

Hawthorne.

Ex"qui*site*ness, n. Quality of being exquisite.

Ex*quis"i*tive (?), a. Eager to discover or learn; curious. [Obs.] Todd. -- Ex*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Ex*san"guine (?), a. Bloodless. [R.]

Ex`san*guin"e*ous (?), a. Destitute of blood; anæmic; exsanguious.

Ex`san*guin"i*ty (?), n. (Med.) Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to plethora. Dunglison.

Ex*san"gui*nous (?), a. See Exsanguious.

Ex*san"gui*ous (?), a. [L. exsanguis; ex out + sanguis, sanguinis, blood. Cf. Exsanguineous.] 1. Destitute of blood. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.) Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects.

Ex*scind" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exscinded; p. pr. & vb. n. Exscinding.] [L. exscindere; ex out, from + scindere to cut.] To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate. Barrow.

> The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also exscinded by that Assembly.

Am. Cyc.

Ex*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. excribere; ex out, from + scribere to write.] To copy; to transcribe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ex"script (?), n. [L. exscriptus, p. p. of exscribere.] A copy; a transcript. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex*scrip"tur*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. ex-+scriptural.] Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture; unscriptural.

Ex*scu"tel*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + scutellate.] (Zoöl.) Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of certain insects.

Ex*sect" (?), v. t. [L. exsectio.] 1. A cutting out or away. E. Darwin.

2. (Surg.) The removal by operation of a portion of a limb; particularly, the removal of a portion of a bone in the vicinity of a joint; the act or process of cutting out.

{ Ex*sert" (?), Ex*sert"ed, } a. [L. exsertus, p. p. of exserere to stretch out or forth. See Exert.] Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; as, exsert stamens.

> A small portion of the basal edge of the shell exserted.

D. H. Barnes.

Ex*sert"ile (?), a. (Biol.) Capable of being thrust out or protruded. J. Fleming.

Ex*sic"cant (?), a. [L. exsiccans, p. pr. of exsiccare. See Exsiccate.] Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up. -- n. (Med.) An exsiccant medicine.

Ex"sic*cate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exsiccated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exsiccating.] [L. exsiccatus, p. p. of exsiccare to dry up; ex out + siccare to make dry, siccus dry.] To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up. Sir T. Browne.

Ex`sic*ca"tion (?), n. [L. exsiccatio: cf. F. exsiccation.] The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of moisture; state of being dried up; dryness. Sir T. Browne.

Ex*sic"ca*tive (?), a. Tending to make dry; having the power of drying.

Ex"sic*ca`tor (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent employed to absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or concentrated sulphuric acid.

Ex*sil"i*en*cy (?; 106), n. [L. exsiliens leaping out, p. pr. of exsilire; ex out + salire to leap.] A leaping out. [R.] Latham.

Ex`so*lu"tion (?), n. [L. exsolutio a release.] Relaxation. [R.] Richardson (Dict. ).

Ex*spo`li*a"tion (?), n. [L. exspoliatio, fr. exspoliare to spoil, to plunder; ex out, from + spoliare. See Spoliate.] Spoliation. [Obs. or R.] Bp. Hall.

Ex`spu*i"tion (?), n. [L. exspuitio; ex out + spuere to spit: cf. F. exspuition.] A discharge of saliva by spitting. [R.] E. Darwin.

Ex*spu"to*ry (?), a. Spit out, or as if spit out. "Exsputory lines." Cowper.

Ex*stip"u*late (?), a. [Pref. ex- + stipulate.] (Bot.) Having no stipules. Martyn.

Ex"stro*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; to turn inside out; &?; = &?; out + &?; to turn.] (Med.) The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner surface; as, exstrophy of the eyelid or of the bladder.

Ex*suc"cous (?), a. [L. exsuccus; ex out + succus juice.] Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. Latham.

Ex*suc"tion (?), n. [L. exsugere, exsuctum, to suck out; ex out + sugere to suck: cf. F. exsuccion.] The act of sucking out.

Ex`su*da"tion (?), n. Exudation.

Ex`suf*flate" (?), v. t. [L. exsufflare to blow at or upon; ex out + sufflare. See Sufflate.] (Eccles.) To exorcise or renounce by blowing.

Ex`suf*fla"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. exsufflatio.] 1. A blast from beneath. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Eccles.) A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Physiol.) A strongly forced expiration of air from the lungs.

Ex*suf"fli*cate (?), a. Empty; frivolous. [A Shakespearean word only once used.]

> Such exsufflicate and blown surmises.

Shak. (Oth. iii. 3, 182).

Ex*sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [L. exsuscitatus, p. p. of exsuscitare; ex out + suscitare. See Suscitate.] To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Johnson.

Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exsuscitatio.] A stirring up; a rousing. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Ex"ta*cy (?), n. See Ecstasy. [Obs.]

Ex"tance (?), n. [L. extantia, exstantia, a standing out, fr. exstans, p. pr. See Extant.] Outward existence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex"tan*cy (?), n. [L. extantia, exstantia.] The state of rising above others; a projection. Evelyn. Boyle.

Ex"tant (?), a. [L. extans, - antis, or exstans, -antis, p. pr. of extare, exstare, to stand out or forth; ex out + stare to stand: cf. F. extant. See Stand.] 1. Standing out or above any surface; protruded.

> That part of the teeth which is extant above the gums.

Ray.

> A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly extant.

Bentley.

2. Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding.

> Writings that were extant at that time.

Sir M. Hale.

> The extant portraits of this great man.

I. Taylor.

3. Publicly known; conspicuous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ex"ta*sy (?), n. & v. t. See Ecstasy, n. & v. t.

Ex*tat"ic (?), a. See Ecstatic, a.

Ex*tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. extemporalis, from ex tempore.] Extemporaneous; unpremeditated. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

-- Ex*tem"po*ral*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an (?), a. Extemporaneous. [Obs] Burton.

Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [See Extempore.] Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore; extemporary; as, an extemporaneous address or production. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness,n.

Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly (?), adv. Extemporaneously.

Ex*tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. 1. Extemporaneous. "In extemporary prayer." Fuller.

2. Made for the occasion; for the time being. [Obs.] "Extemporary habitations." Maundrell.

Ex*tem"po*re (?), adv. [L. ex out + tempus, temporis, time. See Temporal.] Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; as, to write or speak extempore. Shak. -- a. Done or performed extempore. "Extempore dissertation." Addison. "Extempore poetry." Dryden. -- n. Speaking or writing done extempore. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Ex*tem"po*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being done or devised extempore [Obs.] Johnson.

<! p. 531 !>

Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore.

Ex*tem"po*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extemporized(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extemporizing(?).] To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special preparation; to make an offhand address.

Ex*tem"po*rize, v. t. To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or unsuitable materials; as, to extemporize a dinner, a costume, etc.

> Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to extemporize the right thing to be done.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

> Pitt, of whom it was said that he could extemporize a Queen's speech

Lord Campbell.

Ex*tem"po*ri`zer (?), n. One who extemporizes.

Ex*tend" (ks*tnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extended; p. pr. & vb. n. Extending.] [L. extendere, extentum, extensum; ex out + tendere to stretch. See Trend.] 1. To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or continue in length; as, to extend a line in surveying; to extend a cord across the street.

> Few extend their thoughts toward universal knowledge.

Locke.

2. To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread; to amplify; as, to extend metal plates by hammering or rolling them.

3. To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; as, to extend the capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to extend power or influence; to continue, as time; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment or a season of trial.

4. To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand.

> His helpless hand extend.

Dryden.

5. To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; as, to extend sympathy to the suffering.

6. To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating additions; as, to extend liquors. G. P. Burnham.

7. (Eng. Law) To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; to assign by writ of extent.

Extended letter (Typog.), a letter, or style of type, having a broader face than is usual for a letter or type of the same height.

This is extended type.

Syn. -- To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See Increase.

Ex*tend"ant (?), a. (Her.) Displaced. Ogilvie.

Ex*tend"ed*ly (?), adv. In an extended manner.

Ex*tend"er (?), n. One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything.

Ex*tend"i*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched, extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.

2. (Law) Liable to be taken by a writ of extent.

Ex*tend"less*ness, n. Unlimited extension. [Obs.]

> An . . . extendlessness of excursions.

Sir. M. Hale.

Ex*tense" (?), a. [L. extensus, p. p. See Extend, v. t.] Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise.

> Men and gods are too extense;
> Could you slacken and condense?

Emerson.

Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being extended; as, the extensibility of a fiber, or of a plate of metal.

Ex*ten"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. extensible. See Extend.] Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth; susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the opposite of contractible or compressible. "An extensible membrane" Holder.

Ex*ten"si*ble*ness, n. Extensibility.

Ex*ten"sile (?) a. Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible. Owen.

Ex*ten"sion (?), n. [L. extensio: cf. F. extension. See Extend, v. t.] 1. The act of extending or the state of being extended; a stretching out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of length; increase; augmentation; expansion.

2. (Physics) That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space.

3. (Logic & Metaph.) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; -- correlative of intension.

> The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension.

Sir W. Hamilton.

> The extension of [the term] plant is greater than that of geranium, because it includes more objects.

Abp. Thomson.

4. (Surg.) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.

5. (Physiol.) The straightening of a limb, in distinction from flexion.

6. (Com.) A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.

Counter extension. (Surg.) See under Counter. -- Extension table, a table so constructed as to be readily extended or contracted in length.

Ex*ten"sion*al (?), a. Having great extent.

Ex*ten"sion*ist, n. One who favors or advocates extension.

Ex*ten"sive (?), a. [L. extensivus: cf. F. extensif. See Extend.] 1. Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded; large; broad; wide; comprehensive; as, an extensive farm; an extensive lake; an extensive sphere of operations; extensive benevolence; extensive greatness.

2. Capable of being extended. [Obs.]

> Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which is most extensive under the hammer.

Boyle.

Ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. To a great extent; widely; largely; as, a story is extensively circulated.

Ex*ten"sive*ness (?), n. The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent; diffusiveness.

Ex`ten*som"e*ter (?), n. [Extension + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the extension of a body, especially for measuring the elongation of bars of iron, steel, or other material, when subjected to a tensile force.

Ex*ten"sor (?), n. [L., one who stretches. See Extend.] (Anat.) A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to flexor.

Ex*ten"sure (?), n. Extension. [R.] Drayton.

Ex*tent" (?), a. [L. extentus, p. p. of extendere. See Extend.] Extended. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*tent", n. [L. extentus, fr. extendere. See Extend.] 1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of country or of line; extent of information or of charity.

> Life in its large extent is scare a span.

Cotton.

2. Degree; measure; proportion. "The extent to which we can make ourselves what we wish to be." Lubbock.

3. (Eng. Law) (a) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure payment. (b) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor.

Ex*ten"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extenuated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extenuating(?).] [L. extenuatus, p. p. of extenuare to make thin, loosen, weaken; ex out + tenuare to make thin, tenuis thin. See Tenuity.] 1. To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the thickness.

> His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence it is again extenuated all the way to the tail.

Grew.

2. To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of; to diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults, ills, accusations, etc.; -- opposed to aggravate.

> But fortune there extenuates the crime.

Dryden.

> Let us extenuate, conceal, adorn the unpleasing reality.

I. Taylor.

3. To lower or degrade; to detract from. [Obs.]

> Who can extenuate thee?

Milton.

Syn. -- To palliate; to mitigate. See Palliate.

Ex*ten"u*ate, v. i. To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating considerations. Burke.

Ex*ten"u*ate (?), a. [L. extenuatus, p. p.] Thin; slender. [Obs.] Huloet.

Ex*ten`u*a"tion (?), n. [L. extenuatio: cf. F. exténuation.] The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating; diminishing, or lessening; palliation, as of a crime; mitigation, as of punishment.

> To listen . . . to every extenuation of what is evil.

I. Taylor.

Ex*ten"u*a`tor (?), n. One who extenuates.

Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. extenuatorius attenuating.] Tending to extenuate or palliate. Croker.

Ex*te"ri*or, a. [L. exterior, compar. of exter or exterus on the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar. fr. ex: cf. F. extérieur. See Ex&?;, and cf. Extreme, Interior.] 1. External; outward; pertaining to that which is external; -- opposed to interior; as, the exterior part of a sphere.

> Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man
> Resemble that it was.

Shak.

2. External; on the outside; without the limits of; extrinsic; as, an object exterior to a man, opposed to what is within, or in his mind.

> Without exterior help sustained.

Milton.

3. Relating to foreign nations; foreign; as, the exterior relations of a state or kingdom.

Exterior angle (Geom.), the angle included between any side of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line crossing two parallel lines and either of the latter on the outside. -- Exterior side (Fort.), the side of the polygon upon which a front of fortification is formed. Wilhelm.

See Illust. of Ravelin.

Ex*te"ri*or, n. 1. The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is external; outside.

2. Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible act; as, the exteriors of religion.

Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. extériorité.] Surface; superficies; externality.

Ex*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Outwardly; externally; on the exterior. Shak.

> They are exteriorly lifelike.

J. H. Morse.

Ex*ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exterminated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exterminating(?).] [L. exterminatus, p. p. of exterminare to abolish, destroy, drive out or away; ex out + terminus boundary, limit. See Term.] 1. To drive out or away; to expel.

> They deposed, exterminated, and deprived him of communion.

Barrow.

2. To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to annihilate; to root out; as, to exterminate a colony, a tribe, or a nation; to exterminate error or vice.

> To explode and exterminate rank atheism.

Bentley.

3. (Math.) To eliminate, as unknown quantities. [R.]

Ex*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extermination.] 1. The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication; excision; as, the extermination of inhabitants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds from a field.

2. (Math.) Elimination. [R.]

Ex*ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, exterminates. Buckle.

Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate. "Exterminatory war." Burke.

Ex*ter"mine (?), v. t. [F. exterminer.] To exterminate; to destroy. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*tern" (?), a. [Cf. F. externe. See External.] External; outward; not inherent. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*tern", n. [Cf. F. externe.] 1. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day scholar.

2. Outward form or part; exterior. [R.]

Ex*ter"nal (?), a. [L. externus, fr. exter, exterus, on the outside, outward. See Exterior.] 1. Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.

> Of all external things, . . .
> She [Fancy] forms imaginations, aery shapes.

Milton.

2. Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the perceiving mind.

3. Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral.

> Her virtues graced with external gifts.

Shak.

4. Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial.

> The external circumstances are greatly different.

Trench.

5. Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.

6. (Anat.) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.

External angles. (Geom.) See under Angle.

Ex*ter"nal, n. Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.

> Adam was then no less glorious in his externals

South.

> God in externals could not place content.

Pope.

Ex*ter"nal*ism (?) n. 1. The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals.

> This externalism gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides.

E. Eggleston.

2. (Metaph.) That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism.

Ex*ter`nal*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to externalism. North Am. Rev.

Ex`ter*nal"i*ty (?), n. State of being external; exteriority; (Metaph.) separation from the perceiving mind.

> Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing which presses or resists.

A. Smith.

Ex*ter"nal*ize (?), v. t. To make external; to manifest by outward form.

> Thought externalizes itself in language.

Soyce.

Ex*ter"nal*ly, adv. In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly.

||Ex`terne" (?), n. [F. Cf. Extern.] (med.) An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp., one who cares for the out- patients.

Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. exterraneus; es out + terra land.] Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad.

Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. ex&?; + territorial.] Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from, the territorial jurisdiction. -- Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#),adv.

Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty (?), n. 1. The state of being beyond the limits of a country.

2. The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country when within its territorial limits.

Ex*ter"sion (?), n. [L. extergere, extersum, to wipe out; ex out + tergere to wipe or rub off.] The act of wiping or rubbing out. [Obs.]

Ex*till" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Extilled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extilling.] [L. extillare, exstillare; ex out + stillare to drop, stilla drop.] To drop or distill. [Obs.] Johnson.

Ex`til*la"tion (?), n. Distillation. [Obs.]

> An exudation or extillation of petrifying juices.

Derham.

Ex*tim"u*late (?), v. t. [L. extimulatus, exstimulatus, p. p. of extimulare, exstimulare, to goad. See Stimulate.] To stimulate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*tim`u*la"tion (?), n. Stimulation. [Obs.]

> Things insipid, and without any extimulation.

Bacon.

Ex*tinct" (?), a. [L. extinctus, exstinctus, p. p. of extinguere, exstinguere. See Extinguish.] 1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano.

> Light, the prime work of God, to me is extinct.

Milton.

2. Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.

Ex*tinct", v. t. To cause to be extinct. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*tinc"tion (?), n. [L. extinctio, exstinction: cf. F. extinction.] 1. The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc.

2. State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim.

Ex"tine (?; 104), n. [L. exter on the outside. Cf. Intine.] (bot.) The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering plants.

Ex*tin"guish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extinguished(?); p pr. & vb. n. Extinguishing.] [L. extinguere, exstinguere; ex out + stinguere to quench. See Distinguish, Finish.] 1. To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to cause to die out; to put an end to; to destroy; as, to extinguish a flame, or life, or love, or hope, a pretense or a right.

> A light which the fierce winds have no power to extinguish.

Prescott.

> This extinguishes my right to the reversion.

Blackstone.

2. To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor.

> Natural graces that extinguish art.

Shak.

<! p. 532 !>

Ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed.

Ex*tin"guish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or candle.

Ex*tin"guish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or the state of being extinguished; extinction; suppression; destruction; nullification; as, the extinguishment of fire or flame, of discord, enmity, or jealousy, or of love or affection.

2. (Law) The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation. Abbott.

Ex*tirp" (&?;), v. t. [Cf. F. extirper.] To extirpate. [Obs.]

> It is impossible to extirp it quite, friar.

Shak.

Ex*tir"pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; as, an extirpable plant. Evelyn.

Ex"tir*pate (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extirpated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extirpating(?).] [L. extirpatus, exstirpatus, p. p. of extirpare, exstirpare; ex out + strips stock, stem, root.] To pluck up by the stem or root; to root out; to eradicate, literally or figuratively; to destroy wholly; as, to extirpate weeds; to extirpate a tumor; to extirpate a sect; to extirpate error or heresy.

Syn. -- To eradicate; root out; destroy; exterminate; annihilate; extinguish.

Ex`tir*pa"tion (?), n. [L. extirpatio, exstirpatio: cf. F. extirpation.] The act of extirpating or rooting out, or the state of being extirpated; eradication; excision; total destruction; as, the extirpation of weeds from land, of evil from the heart, of a race of men, of heresy.

Ex"tir*pa*tive (?), a. Capable of rooting out, or tending to root out. Cheyne.

Ex"tir*pa`tor (?; 277), n. [L. extirpator, exstirpator: cf. F. extirpateur.] One who extirpates or roots out; a destroyer.

Ex*tir"pa*to*ry (?), a. Extirpative.

Ex*tirp"er (?), n. Extirpator. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex`ti*spi"cious (?), a. [L. extispicium an inspection of the inwards for divination; extra the entrails + specer to look at.] Relating to the inspection of entrails for prognostication. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex*tog"e*nous (?), a. [L. exter outward + &?;genous.] (Biol.) Exogenous.

Ex*tol" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extolled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extolling.] [L. extollere; ex out + tollere to lift, take up, or raise: cf. OF. extoller. See Tollerate, and cf. Flate.] 1. To place on high; to lift up; to elevate. [Obs.]

> Who extolled you in the half-crown boxes,
> Where you might sit and muster all the beauties.

Beau. & Fl.

2. To elevate by praise; to eulogize; to praise; to magnify; as, to extol virtue; to extol an act or a person.

> Wherein have I so deserved of you,
> That you extol me thus?

Shak.

Syn. -- To praise; applaud; commend; magnify; celebrate; laud; glorify. See Praise.

Ex*tol"ler (?), n.One who extols; one who praises.

Ex*tol"ment (?), n. Praise. [Obs.] Shak.

Ex*tor"sive (?), a. [See Extort.] Serving or tending to extort. [R.] Johnson. -- Ex*tor"sive*ly, adv. [R.]

Ex*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Extorting.] [L. extortus, p. p. of extorquere to twist or wrench out, to extort; ex out + torquere to turn about, twist. See Torsion.] 1. To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to exact; as, to extort contributions from the vanquished; to extort confessions of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a debt.

2. (Law) To get by the offense of extortion. See Extortion, 2.

Ex*tort", v. i. To practice extortion. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*tort", p. p. & a. [L. extortus. p. p.] Extorted. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*tort"er (?), n. One who practices extortion.

Ex*tor"tion (?), n. [F. extorsion.] 1. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting anything from a person by force, by threats, or by any undue exercise of power; undue exaction; overcharge.

2. (Law) The offense committed by an officer who corruptly claims and takes, as his fee, money, or other thing of value, that is not due, or more than is due, or before it is due. Abbott.

3. That which is extorted or exacted by force.

Syn. -- Oppression; rapacity; exaction; overcharge.

Ex*tor"tion*a*ry (?), a. Extortionate.

Ex*tor"tion*ate (?), a. Characterized by extortion; oppressive; hard.

Ex*tor"tion*er (?), n. One who practices extortion.

Ex*tor"tious (?), a. Extortionate. [Obs.] "Extortious cruelties." Bp. Hall -- Ex*tor"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

||Ex"tra- (?). [L., fr. exter. See Exterior.] A Latin preposition, denoting beyond, outside of; -- often used in composition as a prefix signifying outside of, beyond, besides, or in addition to what is denoted by the word to which it is prefixed.

Ex"tra, a. Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; additional; supernumerary; also, extraordinarily good; superior; as, extra work; extra pay. "By working extra hours." H. Spencer.

Ex"tra (?), n.; pl. Extras (&?;). Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary; something in addition to the regular charge or compensation, or for which an additional charge is made; as, at European hotels lights are extras. [Colloq.]

Ex`tra*ar*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated outside of a joint.

{ Ex`tra*ax"il*lar (?), Ex`tra*ax"il*la*ry (?) } a. (Bot.) Growing outside of the axils; as, an extra-axillary bud.

Ex`tra*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Outside of the branchial arches; -- said of the cartilages thus placed in some fishes.

Ex`tra*cap"su*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated outside of a capsule, esp. outside the capsular ligament of a joint.

Ex*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Extracting.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Estreat.] 1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.

> The bee
> Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet.

Milton.

2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.

> Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the process is tedious.

3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.

> I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.

Swift.

To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a number or quantity.

Ex"tract` (?), n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn out.

2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.

3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.

4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.

5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle. [Obs.]

6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] South.

7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution. Tomlins.

Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.

{ Ex*tract"a*ble (?), Ex*tract"i*ble (?), } a. Capable of being extracted.

Ex*tract"i*form (?), a. (Chem.) Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.

Ex*trac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extraction.] 1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture.

2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family of ancient extraction." Clarendon.

3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.

> They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.

Milton.

The extraction of roots. (Math.) (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity. (b) The method or rule by which the operation is performed; evolution.

Ex*tract"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. extractif.] 1. Capable of being extracted. "Thirty grains of extractive matter." Kirwan.

2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out.

> Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated extractive: e.g., agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc.

Cairnes.

Ex*tract"ive, n. 1. Anything extracted; an extract.

> Extractives, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape sugar.

H. N. Martin.

2. (Chem.) (a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts. [Obs.] (b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue.

Ex*tract"or (?), n. One who, or that which, extracts; as: (a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting substances. (b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.

Ex`tra*dic"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. dictio a saying. See Diction.] Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.]

> Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians make in number six.

Sir T. Browne.

Ex"tra*di`ta*ble (?), a. 1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice.

2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses.

Ex"tra*dite (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extradited(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extraditing(?).] To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from justice. See Extradition.

Ex`tra*di"tion (?), n. [L. ex out + traditio a delivering up: cf. F. extradition. See Tradition.] The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.

Ex*tra"dos (?), n. [F.; pref. extra- outside + dos (L. dorsum) the back.] (Arch.) The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of the whole body of voussoirs. See Intrados.

Ex`tra*do"tal (?), a. [Pref. extra- + dotal.] Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property.

Ex`tra*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. extra + foliaceous.] (Bot.) Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. Loudon.

Ex`tra*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. foras out of doors.] Pertaining to that which is out of doors. "Extraforaneous occupations." Cowper.

Ex`tra*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. genus race.] Belonging to another race or kind.

Ex`tra*ju*di"cial (?), a. Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An extrajudicial opinion." Hallam. -- Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv.

Ex`tra*lim"it*a*ry (?), a. Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land. Mitford.

Ex`tra*log"ic*al (?), a. Lying outside of the domain of logic. -- Ex`tra*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ex`tra*mis"sion (?), n. A sending out; emission. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex`tra*mun"dane (?), a. [L. extramundanus; extra + mundus world.] Beyond the material world. "An extramundane being." Bp. Warburton.

Ex`tra*mu"ral (?), a. Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.

Ex`tra*ne"i*ty (?), n. State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.]

Ex*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. extraneus, from extra. See Extra-, Strange.] Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; not essential or intrinsic; foreign; as, to separate gold from extraneous matter.

> Nothing is admitted extraneous from the indictment.

Landor.

-- Ex*tra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

Ex`tra-oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zoöl.) Inserted exterior to the eyes; -- said of the antennæ of certain insects.

Ex`tra-of*fi"cial (?), a. Not prescribed by official duty.

Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In an extraordinary manner or degree.

Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ness, n. The quality of being extraordinary. [R.] Gov. of the Tongue.

Ex*traor"di*na*ry (?), a. [L. extraordinarius; extra on the outside + ordinarius: cf. F. extraordinaire. See Ordinary.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not usual, customary, regular, or ordinary; as, extraordinary evils; extraordinary remedies.

> Which dispose
> To something extraordinary my thoughts.

Milton.

2. Exceeding the common degree, measure. or condition; hence, remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; as, extraordinary talents or grandeur.

3. Employed or sent upon an unusual or special service; as, an ambassador extraordinary.

Ex*traor"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Extraordinaries (&?;). That which is extraordinary; -- used especially in the plural; as, extraordinaries excepted, there is nothing to prevent success.

> Their extraordinary did consist especially in the matter of prayers and devotions.

Jer. Taylor.

Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. Beyond the limits of a parish. -- Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv.

Ex`tra*phys"i*cal (?), a. Not subject to physical laws or methods.

Ex`tra*pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of professional duty or business.

Ex`tra*pro*vin"cial (?), a. Not within of pertaining to the same province or jurisdiction. Ayliffe.

Ex`tra*reg"u*lar (?), a. Not comprehended within a rule or rules. Jer. Taylor.

Ex`tra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes. -- n. The extrastapedial part of columella.

Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. Beyond the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction; exterritorial. -- Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly(#), adv.

Ex`tra*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being beyond the limits of a particular territory; esp. (Internat. Law), A fiction by which a public minister, though actually in a foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the territory of his own sovereign or nation. Wheaton.

Ex`tra*trop"ic*al (?), a. Beyond or outside of the tropics. Whewell.

Ex`traught" (?), p. p. of Extract. [Cf. Distraught.] Extracted; descended. [Obs.]

> Knowing whence thou art extraught

Shak.

Ex`tra-u"ter*ine (?), a. (Anat. & Med.) Outside of the uterus, or womb.

Extra-uterine pregnancy (Med.), a condition of pregnancy in which the fetus is not in the uterus, but in the Fallopian tube or in the abdominal cavity.

Ex*trav"a*gance (?), n. [Cf. F. extravagance. See Extravagant, and cf. Extravaganza.] 1. A wandering beyond proper limits; an excursion or sally from the usual way, course, or limit.

2. The state of being extravagant, wild, or prodigal beyond bounds of propriety or duty; want of moderation; excess; especially, undue expenditure of money; vaid and superfluous expense; prodigality; as, extravagance of anger, love, expression, imagination, demands.

> Some verses of my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry vengeance on me for their extravagance.

Dryden.

> The income of three dukes was enough to supply her extravagance.

Arbuthnot.

Syn. -- Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; profusion; waste; lavishness; unreasonableness; recklessness.

<! p. 533 !>

Ex*trav"a*gan*cy (?), n.; pl. Extravagancies (&?;). Extravagance.

Ex*trav"a*gant (?), a. [F. extravagant, fr. L. extra on the outside + vagans, -antis, p. pr. of vagari to wander, from vagus wandering, vague. See Vague.] 1. Wandering beyond one's bounds; roving; hence, foreign. [Obs.]

> The extravagant and erring spirit hies
> To his confine.

Shak.

2. Exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; as, extravagant acts, wishes, praise, abuse.

> There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in great natural geniuses.

Addison.

3. Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; as, an extravagant man. "Extravagant expense." Bancroft.

Ex*trav"a*gant, n. 1. One who is confined to no general rule. L'Estrange.

2. pl. (Eccl. Hist.) Certain constitutions or decretal epistles, not at first included with others, but subsequently made a part of the canon law.

Ex*trav"a*gant*ly, adv. In an extravagant manner; wildly; excessively; profusely.

Ex*trav"a*gant*ness, n. The state of being extravagant or in excess; excess; extravagance.

Ex*trav`a*gan"za (?), n. [Extravagance with an Italian ending: cf. It. stravaganza.] 1. A composition, as in music, or in the drama, designed to produce effect by its wild irregularity; esp., a musical caricature.

2. An extravagant flight of sentiment or language.

Ex*trav"a*gate (?), v. i. [Pref. extra- + L. vagatus, p. p. of vagari to rove. See Extravagant.] To rove. Bp. Warburton.

Ex*trav`a*ga"tion (?), n. A wandering beyond limits; excess. [Obs.] Smollett.

Ex*trav"a*sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extravasated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extravasating(?).] [Pref. extra- + L. vas vessel: cf. F. extravaser. See Vase.] To force or let out of the proper vessels or arteries, as blood.

Ex*trav`a*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extravasation.] The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid; effusion; as, an extravasation of blood after a rupture of the vessels.

Ex`tra*vas"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Outside the vessels; -- said of the substance of all the tissues. (b) Destitute of vessels; non-vascular.

Ex*trav"e*nate (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. vena vein.] Let out of the veins. [Obs.] "Extravenate blood." Glanvill.

Ex`tra*ver"sion (?), n. [Pref. extra- + L. vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. extraversion.] The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown out. [Obs.] Boyle.

Ex*treat" (?), n. [See Estreat, Extract.] Extraction. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ex*treme" (?), a. [L. extremus, superl. of exter, extrus, on the outside, outward: cf. F. extrême. See Exterior.] 1. At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; utmost; farthest; most remote; at the widest limit.

2. Last; final; conclusive; -- said of time; as, the extreme hour of life.

3. The best of worst; most urgent; greatest; highest; immoderate; excessive; most violent; as, an extreme case; extreme folly. "The extremest remedy." Dryden. "Extreme rapidity." Sir W. Scott.

> Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire.

Shak.

4. Radical; ultra; as, extreme opinions.

> The Puritans or extreme Protestants.

Gladstone.

5. (Mus.) Extended or contracted as much as possible; -- said of intervals; as, an extreme sharp second; an extreme flat forth.

Extreme and mean ratio (Geom.), the relation of a line and its segments when the line is so divided that the whole is to the greater segment is to the less. -- Extreme distance. (Paint.) See Distance., n., 6. -- Extreme unction. See under Unction.

Although this adjective, being superlative in signification, is not properly subject to comparison, the superlative form not unfrequently occurs, especially in the older writers. "Tried in his extremest state." Spenser. "Extremest hardships." Sharp. "Extremest of evils." Bacon. "Extremest verge of the swift brook." Shak. "The sea's extremest borders." Addison.

Ex*treme", n. 1. The utmost point or verge; that part which terminates a body; extremity.

2. Utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable; hence, furthest degree; any undue departure from the mean; -- often in the plural: things at an extreme distance from each other, the most widely different states, etc.; as, extremes of heat and cold, of virtue and vice; extremes meet.

> His parsimony went to the extreme of meanness.

Bancroft.

3. An extreme state or condition; hence, calamity, danger, distress, etc. "Resolute in most extremes." Shak.

4. (Logic) Either of the extreme terms of a syllogism, the middle term being interposed between them.

5. (Math.) The first or the last term of a proportion or series.

In the extreme as much as possible. "The position of the Port was difficult in the extreme." J. P. Peters.

Ex*treme"less (?), a. Having no extremes; infinite.

Ex*treme"ly, adv. In an extreme manner or state; in the utmost degree; to the utmost point; exceedingly; as, extremely hot or cold.

Ex*trem"ist (?), n. A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds extreme opinions.

Ex*trem"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Extremities(&?;). [L. extremitas: cf. F. extrémité.] 1. The extreme part; the utmost limit; the farthest or remotest point or part; as, the extremities of a country.

> They sent fleets . . . to the extremities of Ethiopia.

Arbuthnot.

2. (Zoöl.) One of locomotive appendages of an animal; a limb; a leg or an arm of man.

3. The utmost point; highest degree; most aggravated or intense form. "The extremity of bodily pain." Ray.

4. The highest degree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest need or peril; extreme need; necessity.

> Divers evils and extremities that follow upon such a compulsion shall here be set in view.

Milton.

> Upon mere extremity he summoned this last Parliament.

Milton.

Syn. -- Verge; border; extreme; end; termination.

Ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. Capable of being extricated. Sir W. Jones.

Ex"tri*cate (ks"tr*kt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extricated(- k`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Extricating(-k`tng).] [L. extricatus, p. p. of extricare to extricate; ex out + tricae trifles, impediments, perplexities. Cf. Intricate.] 1. To free, as from difficulties or perplexities; to disentangle; to disembarrass; as, to extricate a person from debt, peril, etc.

> We had now extricated ourselves from the various labyrinths and defiles.

Eustace.

2. To cause to be emitted or evolved; as, to extricate heat or moisture.

Syn. -- To disentangle; disembarrass; disengage; relieve; evolve; set free; liberate.

Ex`tri*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement.

2. The act of sending out or evolving.

Ex*trin"sic (?), a. [L. extrinsecus; exter on the outside + secus otherwise, beside; akin to E. second: cf. F. extrinsèque. See Exterior, Second.] 1. Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward; unessential; -- opposed to intrinsic.

> The extrinsic aids of education and of artificial culture.

I. Taylor.

2. (Anat.) Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to some other part; -- said of certain groups of muscles. Opposed to intrinsic.

Ex*trin"sic*al (?), a. Extrinsic. -- Ex*trin"sic*al*ly(#), adv.

{ Ex*trin`si*cal"i*ty (?), Ex*trin"sic*al*ness (?), } n. The state or quality of being extrinsic.

Ex*tro"i*tive (?), a. [L. extra on the outside + ire, itum, to go.] Seeking or going out after external objects. [R.]

> Their natures being almost wholly extroitive.

Coleridge.

Ex*tror"sal (?), a. (Bot.) Extrorse.

Ex*trorse" (?), a. [As if from an assumed L. extrorsus, for extroversus; extra on the outside + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. extrorse.] (Bot.) Facing outwards, or away from the axis of growth; -- said esp. of anthers occupying the outer side of the filament.

Ex`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [See Extrorse.] The condition of being turned wrong side out; as, extroversion of the bladder. Dunglison.

Ex*truct" (?), v. t. [L. extructus, exstructus, p. p. of extruere, exstruere, to build up; ex out + struere to build.] To construct. [Obs.] Byrom.

Ex*truc"tion (?), n. [L. exstructio.] A building up; construction. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex*truct"ive (?), a. Constructive. [Obs.] Fulke.

Ex*truct"or (?), n. [L.] A builder. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Extruding.] [L. extrudere, extrusum; ex out + trudere to thrust, akin to E. threat. See Threat.] To thrust out; to force, press, or push out; to expel; to drive off or away. "Parentheses thrown into notes or extruded to the margin." Coleridge.

Ex*tru"sion (?), n. The act of thrusting or pushing out; a driving out; expulsion.

Ex*tu"ber*ance (?), n. A swelling or rising; protuberance. [R.] Moxon.

Ex*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. Extuberance. [R.]

Ex*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. extuberare.] Swollen out; protuberant. [R.] "Extuberant lips." Gayton.

Ex*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. extuberatus, p. pr. of extuberare to swell; ex out + tuber a swelling.] To swell out. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Ex*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. [L. extuberatio.] Protuberance. [Obs.] Farindon.

Ex`tu*mes"cence (?), n. [L. ex. + tumescens, p. pr. of tumescere, incho. fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. extumescence.] A swelling or rising. [R.] Cotgrave.

Ex*u"ber*ance (?), n. [L. exuberantia: cf. F. exubérance.] The state of being exuberant; an overflowing quantity; a copious or excessive production or supply; superabundance; richness; as, an exuberance of joy, of fancy, or of foliage.

Syn. -- Abundance; superabundance; excess; plenty; copiousness; profusion; richness; overflow; overgrowth; rankness; wantonness. See Abundance.

Ex*u"ber*an*cy (?), n. Exuberance.

Ex*u"ber*ant (?), a. [L. exuberans, exuberantis, p. pr. of exuberare to be abundant; ex + uberare to be fruitful, fr. uber fruitful, fertile, uber udder: cf. F. exubérant. See Udder.] Characterized by abundance or superabundance; plenteous; rich; overflowing; copious or excessive in production; as, exuberant goodness; an exuberant intellect; exuberant foliage. "Exuberant spring." Thomson. -- Ex*u"ber*ant*ly, adv.

Ex*u"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. exuberatus, p. p. of exuberare. See Exuberant, n.] To abound; to be in great abundance. [Obs.] Boyle.

Ex*uc"cous (?), a. See Exsuccous. [Obs.]

Ex*u"date (?), v. t. & i. [See Exude.] To exude. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Ex`u*da"tion (?), n. The act of exuding; sweating; a discharge of humors, moisture, juice, or gum, as through pores or incisions; also, the substance exuded.

> Resins, a class of proximate principles, existing in almost all plants and appearing on the external surface of many of them in the form of exudations.

Am. Cyc.

Ex*ude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exuded; p. pr. & vb. n. exuding.] [L. exudare, exsudare, exudatum, exsudatum, to sweat out; ex out + sudare to sweat: cf. F. exuder, exsuder. See Sweat.] To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid matter; to give out.

> Our forests exude turpentine in . . . abundance.

Dr. T. Dwight.

Ex*ude", v. i. To flow from a body through the pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice.

Ex*ul"cer*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. exulceratus, p. p. of exulcerare to make sore; ex out + ulcerare. See Ulcerate.] 1. To ulcerate. [Obs.] "To exulcerate the lungs." Evelyn.

2. To corrode; to fret; to chafe; to inflame. [Obs.]

> Minds exulcerated in themselves.

Hooker.

Ex*ul"cer*ate (?), a. [L. exulceratus, p. p.] Very sore; ulcerated. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ex*ul`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. exulceratio: cf. F. exulcération.] [Obs. or R.] 1. Ulceration. Quincy.

2. A fretting; a festering; soreness. Hooker.

Ex*ul"cer*a*tive (?), a. Tending to cause ulcers; exulceratory. Holland.

Ex*ul"cer*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. exulceratorius: cf. F. exulcératoire.] Having a tendency to form ulcers; rendering ulcerous.

Ex*ult" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Exulting.] [L. exultare, exsultare, exultatum, exsultatum, to leap vigorously, to exult, intens. fr. exsilire to spring out or up; ex out + salire to spring, leap: cf. F. exulter. See Salient.] To be in high spirits; figuratively, to leap for joy; to rejoice in triumph or exceedingly; to triumph; as, an exulting heart. "An exulting countenance." Bancroft.

> The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego,
> And leap exulting like the bounding roe.

Pope.

{ Ex*ult"ance (?), Ex*ult"an*cy (?), } n. [L. exsultantia.] Exultation. [Obs.] Burton. Hammond.

Ex*ult"ant (?), a. [L. exsultans, exsultantis, p. pr. of exsultare. See Exult.] Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing, exultation; rejoicing triumphantly.

> Break away, exultant, from every defilement.

I. Tay;or.

Ex`ul*ta"tion (?; 277), n. [L. exsultatio: cf. F. exultation.] The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight; triumph.

> His bosom swelled with exultation.

Prescott.

Ex*ult"ing, a. Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant. -- Ex*ult"ing*ly, adv.

Ex*un"date (?), v. i. [L. exundatus, p. p. of exundare to overflow; ex out + undare. See Undated waved.] To overflow; to inundate. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ex`un*da"tion (?), n. [L. exundatio.] An overflow, or overflowing abundance. [R.] Ray.

Ex*un"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exungulated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exungulating(?).] [L. exungulare to lose the hoof, ex out, from + ungula. See Ungula.] To pare off, as nails, the hoof, etc. [R.]

Ex*u"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. exuperabilis, exsuperabilis. See Exuperate.] Surmountable; superable. [Obs.] Johnson.

Ex*u"per*ance (?), n. [L. exuperantia, exsuperantia.] Superiority; superfluity. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

Ex*u"per*ant (?), a. [L. exuperans, exsuperans, p. pr.] Surpassing; exceeding; surmounting. [Obs.]

Ex*u"per*ate (?), v. t. [L. exuperatus, exsuperatus, p. p. of exuperare, exsuperare to excel; ex out + superare to go over, super above, over.] To excel; to surmount. [Obs.]

Ex*u`per*a"tion (?), n. [See Exurgent.] The act of rising or coming into view. [Obs.] Baxter.

Ex*ur"gent (?), a. [L. exurgens, exsurgens, p. pr. of exurgere, exsurgere, to rise up; ex out + surgere to rise.] Arising; coming to light. [Obs.]

Ex*us"ci*tate (?), v. t. See Exsuscitate [Obs.] T. Adams.

Ex*us"tion (?; 106), n. [L. exustio, fr. exurere, exustum, to burn up; ex out + urere to burn.] The act or operation of burning up. Bailey.

Ex*u"to*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. exutoire. See Exuv&?;e.] (Med.) An issue.

||Ex*u"vi*a (?), n. sing. of Exuviæ.

Ex*u`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of shedding the skin periodically. Craig.

Ex*u"vi*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. exuviable.] Capable of being cast off in the form of exuviæ.

||Ex*u"vi*æ, n. pl. [L., fr. exuere to draw out or off, to pull off.] 1. (Zoöl) Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of snakes, the shells of lobsters, etc.

2. (Geol.) The fossil shells and other remains which animals have left in the strata of the earth.

Ex*u"vi*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to exuviæ. "Exuvial layers." "Exuvial deposits."

<! p. 534 !>

Ex*u"vi*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Exuviated, p. pr. & vb. n. Exuviating.] (&?;) [From Exuviae.] (Zoöl.) To shed an old covering or condition preliminary to taking on a new one; to molt.

> There is reason to suppose that very old crayfish do not exuviate every year.

Huxley.

Ex*u`vi*a"tion (?), n. (Zoöl.) The rejecting or casting off of some part, more particularly, the outer cuticular layer, as the shells of crustaceans, skins of snakes, etc.; molting; ecdysis.

Ex`-vo"to (?), n.; pl. Ex-votos (-töz). [L. ex out of, in accordance with + voto, abl. of votum a vow.] An offering to a church in fulfillment of a vow.

Ey (?), n.[AS. g. Cf.Eyot.] An island. [Obs.]

Ey, n.; pl. Eyren (&?;). See Egg. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ey, An interj. of wonder or inquiry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

E`ya*let" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. iylah.] Formerly, one of the administrative divisions or provinces of the Ottoman Empire; -- now called a vilayet.

Ey`as (?), n. [F. niais fresh from the nest, a derivative fr. L. nidus nest. E. an eyas for a nias. See Nest, and cf. Nias, Jashawk.] (Zoöl.) A nesting or unfledged bird; in falconry, a young hawk from the nest, not able to prey for itself. Shak J. H. Walsh

Ey"as, a. Unfledged, or newly fledged. [Obs.]

> Like eyas hawk up mounts unto the skies,
> His newly budded pinions to assay.

Spebser.

Ey"as*mus`ket (?), n. [Eyas + muske the brid.] An unfledged or young male sparrow hawk. [Obs.] Shak.

Eye (), n. [Prob. fr. nye, an eye being for a nye. See Nye.] (Zoöl.) A brood; as, an eye of pheasants.

Eye (), n. [OE. eghe, eighe, eie, eye, AS. eáge; akin to OFries. ge, OS. ga, D. oog, Ohg. ouga, G. auge, Icel. auga, Sw. öga, Dan. öie, Goth. aug; cf. OSlav. oko, Lith. akis, L. okulus, Gr. 'o`kkos, eye, 'o`sse, the two eyes, Skr. akshi. √10, 212. Cf. Diasy, Ocular, Optic, Eyelet, Ogle.] 1. The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the orbit, but the term often includes the adjacent parts. In most invertebrates the eyes are immovable ocelli, or compound eyes made up of numerous ocelli. See Ocellus.

Description of illustration: a b Conjunctiva; c Cornea; d Sclerotic; e Choroid; f Cillary Muscle; g Cillary Process; h Iris; i Suspensory Ligament; k Prosterior Aqueous Chamber between h and i; l Anterior Aqueous Chamber; m Crystalline Lens; n Vitreous Humor; o Retina; p Yellow spot; q Center of blind spot; r Artery of Retina in center of the Optic Nerve.

The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough outer coat, the sclerotic, to which the muscles moving it are attached, and which in front changes into the transparent cornea. A little way back of cornea, the crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled with a watery fluid, the aqueous humor, and larger one behind filled with a clear jelly, the vitreous humor. The sclerotic is lined with a highly pigmented membrane, the choroid, and this is turn is lined in the back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent retina, in which the fibers of the optic nerve ramify. The choroid in front is continuous with the iris, which has a contractile opening in the center, the pupil, admitting light to the lens which brings the rays to a focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the light, falling upon delicate structures called rods and cones, causes them to stimulate the fibres of the optic nerve to transmit visual impressions to the brain.

2. The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence, judgment or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of objects; as, to have the eye of a sailor; an eye for the beautiful or picturesque.

3. The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view; ocular knowledge; judgment; opinion.

> In my eye, she is the sweetest lady that I looked on.

Shak.

4. The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of vision; hence, face; front; the presence of an object which is directly opposed or confronted; immediate presence.

> We shell express our duty in his eye.

Shak.

> Her shell your hear disproved to her eyes.

Shak.

5. Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice; attention; regard. "Keep eyes upon her." Shak.

> Booksellers . . . have an eye to their own advantage.

Addison.

6. That which resembles the organ of sight, in form, position, or appearance; as: (a) (Zoöl.) The spots on a feather, as of peacock. (b) The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in oysters and other bivalve shells; also, the adductor muscle itself, esp. when used as food, as in the scallop. (c) The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as, the eye of a potato. (d) The center of a target; the bull's-eye. (e) A small loop to receive a hook; as, hooks and eyes on a dress. (f) The hole through the head of a needle. (g) A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.; as, an eye at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss; an eye through a crank; an eye at the end of rope. (h) The hole through the upper millstone.

7. That which resembles the eye in relative importance or beauty. "The very eye of that proverb." Shak.

> Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts.

Milton.

8. Tinge; shade of color. [Obs.]

> Red with an eye of blue makes a purple.

Boyle.

By the eye, in abundance. [Obs.] Marlowe. -- Elliott eye (Naut.), a loop in a hemp cable made around a thimble and served. -- Eye agate, a kind of circle agate, the central parts of which are of deeper tints than the rest of the mass. Brande & C. -- Eye animalcule (Zoöl), a flagellate infusorian belonging to Euglena and related genera; -- so called because it has a colored spot like an eye at one end. -- Eye doctor, an oculist. -- Eye of a volute (Arch.), the circle in the center of volute. -- Eye of day, Eye of the morning, Eye of heaven, the sun. "So gently shuts the eye of day." Mrs. Barbauld. -- Eye of a ship, the foremost part in the bows of a ship, where, formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser holes. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Half an eye, very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as, to see a thing with half an eye; often figuratively. "Those who have but half an eye." B. Jonson. -- To catch one's eye, to attract one's notice. -- To find favor in the eyes (of), to be graciously received and treated. -- To have an eye to, to pay particular attention to; to watch. "Have an eye to Cinna." Shak. -- To keep an eye on, to watch. -- To set the eyes on, to see; to have a sight of. -- In the eye of the wind (Naut.), in a direction opposed to the wind; as, a ship sails in the eye of the wind.

Eye (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eyed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Eying or Eyeing.] To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention; to hold in view.

> Eye me, blest Providence, and square my trial
> To my proportioned strength.

Milton.

Eye, v. i. To appear; to look. [Obs.]

> My becomings kill me, when they do not
> Eye well to you.

Shak.

Eye"ball` (?), n. The ball or globe of the eye.

Eye"bar` (?), n. (Engin.) A bar with an eye at one or both ends.

Eye"beam` (?), n. A glance of the eye. Shak.

Eye"bolt` (?), n. (Mach.) A bolt with a looped head, or an opening in the head.

Eye"bright` (?), n. (Bot.) A small annual plant (Euphrasia officinalis), formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.

Eye"brow` (?), n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. Shak.

Eye"cup` (?), n. A small oval porcelain or glass cup, having a rim curved to fit the orbit of the eye. it is used in the application of liquid remedies to eyes; -- called also eyeglass.

Eyed (?), a. Heaving (such or so many) eyes; -- used in composition; as, sharp-eyed; dull- eyed; sad-eyed; ox-eyed Juno; myriad- eyed.

Eye"drop" (?), n. A tear. [Poetic] Shak.

Eye"flap" (?), n. A blinder on a horse's bridle.

Eye"ful (?), a. Filling or satisfying the eye; visible; remarkable. [Obs.] "Eyeful trophies." Chapman.

Eye"glance` (?), n. A glance of eye.

Eye"glass` (?), n. 1. A lens of glass to assist the sight. Eyeglasses are used singly or in pairs.

2. Eyepiece of a telescope, microscope, etc.

3. The retina. [Poetic]

4. A glass eyecup. See Eyecup.

Eye"hole` (?), n. A circular opening to recive a hook, cord, ring, or rope; an eyelet.

Eye"lash` (?), n. 1. The fringe of hair that edges the eyelid; -- usually in the pl.

2. A hair of the fringe on the edge of the eyelid.

Eye"less` (?), a. Without eyes; blind. "Eyeless rage." Shak.

Eye"let` (?), n. [F. œillet, dim. of œil eye, fr. L. oculus. See Eye, and cf. Oillet.] 1. A small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in garments, sails, etc.

2. A metal ring or grommet, or short metallic tube, the ends of which can be bent outward and over to fasten it in place; -- used to line an eyelet hole.

Eyelet hole, a hole made for an eyelet. -- Eyelet punch, a machine for punching eyelet holes and fastening eyelets, as in paper or cloth. -- Eyelet ring. See Eyelet, 2.

Eye`let*eer" (?), n. A small, sharp-pointed instrument used in piercing eyelet holes; a stiletto.

Eye`lid" (?), n. (Anat.) The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers or uncovers the eyeball at pleasure.

Ey"en (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Eye"piece` (?), n. (Opt.) The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye end of a telescope or other optical instrument, through which the image formed by the mirror or object glass is viewed.

Collimating eyepiece. See under Collimate. -- Negative, or Huyghenian, eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses with their curved surfaces turned toward the object glass, and separated from each other by about half the sum of their focal distances, the image viewed by the eye being formed between the two lenses. it was devised by Huyghens, who applied it to the telescope. Campani applied it to the microscope, whence it is sometimes called Campani's eyepiece. -- Positive eyepiece, an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses placed with their curved surfaces toward each other, and separated by a distance somewhat less than the focal distance of the one nearest eye, the image of the object viewed being beyond both lenses; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, Ramsden's eyepiece. -- terrestrial, or Erecting eyepiece, an eyepiece used in telescopes for viewing terrestrial objects, consisting of three, or usually four, lenses, so arranged as to present the image of the object viewed in an erect position.

Ey"er (?), n. One who eyes another. Gayton.

Eye"reach` (?), n. The range or reach of the eye; eyeshot. "A seat in eyereach of him." B. Jonson.

Eye"-saint` (?), n. An object of interest to the eye; one worshiped with the eyes. [Obs.]

> That's the eye-saint, I know,
> Among young gallants.

Beau. & Fl.

Eye"salve` (?), n. Ointment for the eye.

Eye"serv`ant (?), n. A servant who attends faithfully to his duty only when watched.

Eye"serv`ice (?), n. Service performed only under inspection, or the eye of an employer.

> Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers.

Col. iii. 22.

Eye"shot` (?), n. Range, reach, or glance of the eye; view; sight; as, to be out of eyeshot. Dryden.

Eye"sight` (?), n. Sight of the eye; the sense of seeing; view; observation.

> Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight.

Bp. Wilkins.

Eye"sore` (?), n. Something offensive to the eye or sight; a blemish.

> Mordecai was an eyesore to Haman.

L'Estrange.

Eye"-splice` (?), n. (Naut.) A splice formed by bending a rope's end back, and fastening it into the rope, forming a loop or eye. See Illust. under Splice.

Eye"-spot` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A simple visual organ found in many invertebrates, consisting of pigment cells covering a sensory nerve termination. (b) An eyelike spot of color.

Eye"-spot`ted (?), a. Marked with spots like eyes.

> Juno's bird, in her eye-spotted train.

Spenser.

Eye"stalk` (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the movable peduncles which, in the decapod Crustacea, bear the eyes at the tip.

Eye"stone` ("stn`), n. 1. A small, lenticular, calcareous body, esp. an operculum of a small marine shell of the family Turbinidæ, used to remove a foreign substance from the eye. It is put into the inner corner of the eye under the lid, and allowed to work its way out at the outer corner, bringing with it the substance.

2. (Min.) Eye agate. See under Eye.

Eye"string` (?), n. The tendon by which the eye is moved. Shak.

Ey"et (?), n. An island. See Eyot.

Eye"tooth ("tth`), n.; pl. Eyeteeth ("tth`) (Anat.) A canine tooth of the upper jaw. See Teeth.

To cut one's eyeteeth, to become acute or knowing. [Colloq.]

Eye"wash (?), n. See Eyewater.

Eye"wa`ter (?), n. (Med.) A wash or lotion for application to the eyes.

Eye"wink` (?), n. A wink; a token. Shak.

Eye"wink`er (?), n. An eyelash. [A child's word.]

Eye"wit`ness (?), n. One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view of anything.

> We . . . were eyewitnesses of his majesty.

2 Pet. i. 16.

Ey"ghen (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Eyght (t), n. An island. See Eyot.

Eyle (l) v. t. & i. To ail. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ey"li*ad (?), n. See Œiliad.

{ Eyne (?), or Ey"en (?) }, n. Plural of eye; -- now obsolete, or used only in poetry. Shak.

> With such a plaintive gaze their eyne
> Are fastened upwardly on mine.

Mrs. Browning.

Ey"ot ("t or t), n. [Ey (AS. g or Icel. ey) + F. dim. termination -ot; cf. AS. geoð. See Island, and cf. Ait.] A little island in a river or lake. See Ait. [Written also ait, ayt, ey, eyet, and eyght.] Blackstone.

Eyr (âr), n. [See Air.] Air. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Ey"ra (?), n. [Native South American name.] (Zoöl.) A wild cat (Felis eyra) ranging from southern Brazil to Texas. It is reddish yellow and about the size of the domestic cat, but with a more slender body and shorter legs.

Eyre (âr), n. [OF. erre journey, march, way, fr. L. iter, itineris, a going, way, fr. the root of ire to go. Cf. Errant, Itinerant, Issue.] (O. Eng. Law) A journey in circuit of certain judges called justices in eyre (or in itinere).

They were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit, holding courts in the different counties.

Ey"ren (?), n. pl. See Ey, an egg.

{ Ey"rie, Ey"ry ("r or "r; 277) }, n.; pl. Ey"ries (-rz). [See Aerie] The nest of a bird of prey or other large bird that builds in a lofty place; aerie.

> The eagle and the stork
> On cliffs and cedar tops their eyries build.

Milton.

Ey"sell (?), n. Same as Eisel. [Obs.] Shak.